࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ỗ⏝ゎᯒỗ⏝ゎᯒỗ⏝ゎᯒỗ⏝ゎᯒࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢱࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࡢ኱ᇦⓗᩘ್ゎᯒࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࡢ኱ᇦⓗᩘ್ゎᯒࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࡢ኱ᇦⓗᩘ್ゎᯒࣄ࣮ࢺ࣏ࣥࣉࡢ኱ᇦⓗᩘ್ゎᯒConstruction of General Purpose Energy System Simulator and Global Simulation of Heat Pump

࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒

࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒

࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒

࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ

ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ

ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ

Construction of General Purpose Energy System Simulator and Global Simulation of Heat Pump

ᖹ ᡂ ᖹ ᡂ

ᖹ ᡂ ᖹ ᡂ 2 6 ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ ᖺ 2 ᭶ ᭶ ᭶ ᭶

᪩ ✄ ⏣ ኱ Ꮫ

᪩ ✄ ⏣ ኱ Ꮫ

᪩ ✄ ⏣ ኱ Ꮫ

᪩ ✄ ⏣ ኱ Ꮫ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ᇶ ᖿ ⌮ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ኱ Ꮫ 㝔 ᇶ ᖿ ⌮ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ᇶ ᖿ ⌮ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ᇶ ᖿ ⌮ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉ ᶵ Ე ⛉ Ꮫ ᑓ ᨷ

ᶵ Ე ⛉ Ꮫ ᑓ ᨷ ᶵ Ე ⛉ Ꮫ ᑓ ᨷ

ᶵ Ე ⛉ Ꮫ ᑓ ᨷ ᶵ Ე ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ไ ᚚ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ᶵ Ე ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ไ ᚚ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ᶵ Ე ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ไ ᚚ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ᶵ Ე ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ไ ᚚ ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲

኱ 㔝 ኱ 㔝

኱ 㔝 ኱ 㔝 ៞ ♸ ៞ ♸ ៞ ♸ ៞ ♸

┠

┠ ┠

┠ ḟ ḟ ḟ ḟ

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 1 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᗎ ᗎ ᗎ ᗎ ㄽ ㄽ ㄽ ㄽ 1

1 . 1 . ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ 1

1 . 2 . ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ 2

1 . 3 . ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ◊ ✲ 2

1 . 4 . ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ᴫ せ 3

➨ ➨ ➨

➨ 1 㒊 㒊 㒊 㒊 ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ 5

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 2 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ 7

2 . 1 . ᴫ せ 7

2 . 2 . ᇶ ᮏ ཎ ⌮ 7

2 . 3 . ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ 9

➨ ➨ ➨

➨ 3 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ 1 5

3 . 1 . ᴫ せ 1 5

3 . 2 . ྛ せ ⣲ ࡢ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 1 5

3 . 3 . ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ 1 5

3 . 4 . ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ 1 6

3 . 5 . ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ 2 0

3 . 6 . 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ 2 2

3 . 7 . ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ 2 3

3 . 8 . ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ 2 5

3 . 9 . ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ 2 7

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 4 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ 2 9

4 . 1 . ᴫ せ 2 9

4 . 2 . ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣛ ࣮ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ 2 9

4 . 3 . 㞳 ᩓ ໬ 2 9

4 . 4 . ồ ゎ ࡢ ᡭ 㡰 3 0

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 5 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ 3 2

5 . 1 . ᴫ せ 3 2

5 . 2 . ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ 3 2

5 . 3 . ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ 3 3

5 . 4 . ᐇ 㦂 3 4

5 . 5 . ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ 3 8

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 6 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ 4 1

6 . 1 . ᴫ せ 4 1

6 . 2 . ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ 4 1

6 . 3 . ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ 4 2

6 . 4 . ᐇ 㦂 4 4

6 . 5 . ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ ྠ ᐃ 4 7

6 . 6 . ⤖ ᯝ ࡜ ⪃ ᐹ 4 8

➨ ➨ ➨

➨ 2 㒊 㒊 㒊 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ 5 3

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 7 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ 5 5

7 . 1 . ᴫ せ 5 5

7 . 2 . ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᴫ せ 5 5

7 . 3 . ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ඲ య ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 5 6

7 . 4 . ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࣇ ࣟ ࣮ 5 7

7 . 5 . ࢡ ࣛ ࢫ ᵓ 㐀 5 8

7 . 6 . ࢜ ࣈ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢺ ᅗ 6 0

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 8 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ィ ⟬ ᒙ ィ ⟬ ᒙ ィ ⟬ ᒙ ィ ⟬ ᒙ 6 1

8 . 1 . ᴫ せ 6 1

8 . 2 . ィ ⟬ ᒙ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ 6 1

8 . 3 . ᥋ ⥆ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 6 1

8 . 4 . ไ ᚚ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 6 2

8 . 5 . ⇕ ≀ ᛶ ್ 6 2

➨ ➨ ➨

➨ 9 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ไ ᚚ ᒙ ไ ᚚ ᒙ ไ ᚚ ᒙ ไ ᚚ ᒙ 7 2

9 . 1 . ᴫ せ 7 2

9 . 2 . ไ ᚚ ᒙ ࡢ ᙺ ๭ 7 2

9 . 3 . ไ ᚚ ᒙ ඲ య ࡢ ࣇ ࣟ ࣮ 7 2

9 . 4 . ึ ᮇ ໬ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 7 3

9 . 5 . ࢭ ࢵ ࢺ ࢔ ࢵ ࣉ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 7 6

9 . 6 . ゎ ᯒ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 7 6

9 . 7 . ィ ⟬ ⤖ ᯝ ฟ ຊ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 7 8

9 . 8 . ᫬ 㛫 ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣉ ᭦ ᪂ 㒊 ศ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 7 8

9 . 9 . ࢽ ࣗ ࣮ ࢺ ࣥ ࣛ ࣇ ࢯ ࣥ ἲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 7 9

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 1 0 ❶ ❶ ධ ฟ ຊ ❶ ❶ ධ ฟ ຊ ධ ฟ ຊ ᒙ ධ ฟ ຊ ᒙ ᒙ ᒙ 8 5

1 0 . 1 . ᴫ せ 8 5

1 0 . 2 . G U I ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 8 5

1 0 . 3 . ධ ฟ ຊ ᒙ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ G U I ࡢ ᙺ ๭ 8 5

1 0 . 4 . G U I ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ 8 7

1 0 . 5 . I N I ࣇ ࢓ ࢖ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 8 9

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 11 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ⤖ ㄽ ⤖ ㄽ ⤖ ㄽ ⤖ ㄽ 9 5

1 1 . 1 . ⤖ ㄽ 9 5

1 1 . 2 . ᒎ ᮃ 9 5

ㅰ ㅰ ㅰ

ㅰ ㎡ ㎡ ㎡ ㎡ 9 6

ᩥ

ᩥ ᩥ

ᩥ ⊩ ⊩ ⊩ ⊩ 9 7

グ ྕ ⾲ グ ྕ ⾲ グ ྕ ⾲ グ ྕ ⾲

A 㸸 㠃 ✚ [ m²]

B o 㸸 ࣎ ࢖ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᩘ [ - ] C 㸸 ಀ ᩘ [ - ]

CF 㸸 ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ὶ 㔞 ಀ ᩘ[ m³] CV 㸸 ὶ 㔞 ಀ ᩘ [ - ]

C O P 㸸C O P [ - ] d 㸸 ┤ ᚄ [ m ]

De c 㸸 ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ ✵ Ẽ ὶ ㊰ ࡢ ➼ ౯ ┤ ᚄ [ m ] e 㸸࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࣂ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ ^{[ - ]}

E 㸸࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ^{[ W ]} E r 㸸ᕪ ␗^{[ W ]}

f 㸸 ᦶ ᧿ ᦆ ኻ ಀ ᩘ [ - ] G 㸸 ㉁ 㔞 ὶ 㔞 [ k g㺃s^{- 1}] G a 㸸 ࢞ ࣜ ࣞ ࢜ ᩘ [ - ]

h 㸸 ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ [ J㺃k g^{- 1}] H 㸸 ┦ ኚ ໬ ᩘ [ - ]

j 㸸 ≀ ㉁ ⛣ ື ὶ ᮰ [ k g㺃m^{- 2}㺃s^{- 1}] K A 㸸⇕ ࢥ ࣥ ࢲ ࢡ ࢱ ࣥ ࢫ ^[W㺃K^{- 1}]

L 㸸 㛗 ࡉ [ m ] m 㸸㉁ 㔞 ^[k g]

n 㸸ᅇ ㌿ ᩘ^[r p s] N u 㸸 ࢾ ࢭ ࣝ ࢺ ᩘ [ - ]

P 㸸 ᅽ ຊ [ P a ]

P r 㸸 ࣉ ࣛ ࣥ ࢺ ࣝ ᩘ [ - ] q 㸸 ⇕ ὶ ᮰ [ W㺃m^{- 2}] Q 㸸 ⇕ ὶ [ W ]

S 㸸 ὶ ㊰ 㠃 ✚ [ m²]

s 㸸 ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢺ ࣟ ࣆ [ J㺃k g^{- 1}㺃K^{- 1}] t 㸸 ᫬ 㛫 [ s ]

t_{S D 㸸}ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡀ ೵ Ṇ ࡋ ࡓ ᫬ ้ ^{[ s ]}

t_{S U 1}, t_{S U 2 㸸}ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡀ ㉳ ື ࡋ ࡓ ᫬ ้ ^{[ s ]}

t_{x 㸸}ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ㉳ ື ࠿ ࡽ ࡢ ᫬ 㛫 ^{[ s ]} Δt _㸸᫬ 㛫 ้ ࡳ ^{[ ]}

T 㸸   ᗘ [^oC ] Tw 㸸 ‵ ⌫   ᗘ [^oC ]

u 㸸 ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ [ J㺃k g^{- 1}] U 㸸 ⃿ ࢀ ࡪ ࡕ 㛗 ࡉ [ m ]

v 㸸 ὶ ㏿ [ m㺃s^{- 1}] W 㸸 ௙ ஦ [ W ]

x 㸸 ஝ ࡁ ᗘ [ - ]

X 㸸 ⃰ ᗘ [ - ]

Xt t 㸸L o c k h a r t - M a r t i n e l l i ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ [ - ] z 㸸 ෭ ፹ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ 㛗 ࡉ [ m ]

α 㸸 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ⋡ [ W㺃m^{- 2}㺃K^{- 1}] λ 㸸 ⇕ ఏ ᑟ ⋡ [ W㺃m^{- 1}㺃K^{- 1}] μ 㸸 ⢓ ᛶ [ P a㺃s ]

ρ 㸸 ᐦ ᗘ [ k g㺃m^{- 3}]

Φ 㸸L o c k h a r t - M a r t i n e l l i ࣃ ࣛ ࣓ ࣮ ࢱ [ - ] ω 㸸ゅ ㏿ ᗘ ^[r a d㺃s^{- 1}]

S u b s c r i p t s A 㸸 ‵ ࡾ ✵ Ẽ

A C C 㸸 ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ

a d 㸸 ᩿ ⇕ ኚ ໬

AV E 㸸 ᖹ ᆒ

b 㸸 Ἓ 㦐

C O M 㸸 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ

C O N 㸸 จ ⦰ ჾ

E E V 㸸 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ

E VA 㸸 ⵨ Ⓨ ჾ

E X P 㸸 ᐇ 㦂

f 㸸 ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ 㸪 ᙉ ไ ᑐ ὶ

F O V 㸸 ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ

h 㸸 ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ

H P 㸸 㧗 ᅽ ഃ

I 㸸 ධ ཱྀ

I n 㸸 ⟶ ෆ

I FA N 㸸 ᐊ ෆ ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ

I D U 㸸 ᐊ ෆ ࣘ ࢽ ࢵ ࢺ

I N V 㸸 ࢖ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࢱ

L 㸸 ᾮ

L P 㸸 ప ᅽ ഃ

O 㸸 ฟ ཱྀ

O u t 㸸 ⟶ እ

O FA N 㸸 ᐊ እ ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ

O D U 㸸 ᐊ እ ࣘ ࢽ ࢵ ࢺ

R 㸸 ෭ ፹

S a t 㸸 㣬 ࿴

S I M 㸸 ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ

S P 㸸 ༢ ┦ ὶ

S Y S 㸸 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒

T 㸸 ఏ ⇕ ⟶

T P 㸸 ஧ ┦ ὶ

T U B 㸸 ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶

V 㸸 య ✚ 㸪 ⵨ Ẽ

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 1 ❶ ❶ ᗎ ❶ ❶ ᗎ ᗎ ᗎ ㄽ ㄽ ㄽ ㄽ

1 . 1 . ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ

ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡣ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 ࡲ ࡎ ࡑ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

ୡ ⏺ ⓗ ࡞ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ 㟂 せ ࡢ 㧗 ࡲ ࡾ ࡸ 㸪 Ᏻ ඲ ಖ 㸪 ᡃ ࡀ ᅜ ࡢ ➇ த ຊ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ほ Ⅼ ࠿

ࡽ 㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ 㧗 ຠ ⋡ ໬ ࡣ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ 㔜 せ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ^{1 )}㸬 ᚑ ᮶ ࢚ ࢿ

ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ 㧗 ຠ ⋡ ໬ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ኱つ ᶍ໬ ࡞࡝

࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚⾜ ࢃࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ࡓ ࡜࠼ ࡤᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ^{2 – 6 )}ࡸ ⇕

஺ ᥮ ჾ ^{7 – 1 2 )}࡞࡝ࡣࡇࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ 㧗 ࠸ ᛶ ⬟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ ᵝ ࠎ࡞ ࣇ ࣟ ࣮ ࣃ ࢱ ࣮ ࣥ ࡸࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ 1 3 – 1 6 )ࡢ᳨ ウࡸ᤼⇕ᅇ ཰ࡸ ᆅ ୰⇕ࢆࡣࡌ ࡵ࡜ ࡋ ࡓᮍ ฼⏝ ⇕ 1 7 – 2 4 )ࢆ ྲྀࡾ ධ ࢀ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ኱つ ᶍ໬ ࡋ ࡓ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡀ⌧ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡀ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ඲ య ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡟ᚲࡎ ࡋ

ࡶ ⤖ࡧࡘ ࠿ ࡞ ࠸ࡇ࡜ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪⥺ ᙧ໬ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡛ ࡢ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ኱つ ᶍ

໬ ࡢ᳨ ウ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᐃ᱁ タィ Ⅼ௨እ ࡛ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡀ 㐩 ᡂ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠿ ࡣ୙ ࡛᫂ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇ ࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ 㸪 ኱つ ᶍࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ඲ యࢆ࡜ ࡽ࠼ࡘ ࡘ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ࢆᵓ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ せ ⣲ ࡢ ≀ ⌮⌧

㇟ࢆ ⢭ᗘࡼ ࡃ ෌ ⌧ࡋ ࡓ࠺ ࠼࡛ ࡢ᳨ ウࡀ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ 㔜 せ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡋ ࡚ ࡸ ኱つ ᶍࢩ ࢫ ࢸ

࣒ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡜ ᐇ 㦂 ⓗ ࡟ ᳨ ウ ࢆ 㐍 ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ ࡣ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡛ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ᳨ ウ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺ ࡇ࡜ ࡀ せ ồ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

ᚑ ᮶ 㸪ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ᳨ ウࡣ ᩘ ್ ὶ య ຊᏛ㸪 ไ ᚚ ゎ ᯒ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ゎ ᯒ ࡞ ࡝࡛ಶ ู࡟ ࡣ

⾜ ࢃࢀ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪 ᩘ ್ ὶ య ຊᏛࡣ ඲ࢥࣥ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࣎ ࣜ ࣗ ࣮ ࣒ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ

࡚ ྠ୍ࡢ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪ᵝ ࠎ࡞ せ ⣲ ࡢྵࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡟ ࡣ㐺 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ゝ ࠼ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ไ ᚚ ࡛ ࡣ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ෆ 㒊 ࡢ

㏿ ᗘ ศᕸࡸ ᅽ ຊ ศᕸ࡞࡝ ࢆศ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡣᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ไ ᚚ ゎ ᯒ ࡟࠾࠸ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ᖹ ⾮Ⅼ㏆ ഐ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚⥺ ᙧ ໬ ࡋ ࡓ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀ୍ ⯡ⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪 せ

⣲ ࡢ 㠀⥺ ᙧⓗ ࡞᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆᩘ ್ ὶ య ຊᏛ ࡯ ࡝ࡣ ศ ᯒ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

௨ ୖࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ 㸪ᵝ ࠎ࡞ せ ⣲ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ࢆ ⤫ ୍ⓗ ࡟ྲྀࡾᢅ ࠺ ࡇ࡜ ࡢ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡟ ࡼࡗ ࡚ 㸪௒ ᚋࡢ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ࡉ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ

ຠ ⋡ ྥୖࡀ ᮇᚅ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡜ ࠸࠼ࡿ 㸬

ḟ࡟ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ྲྀࡾᢅ ࠺࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡣ 㸪ᢞ ධ ࡋ ࡓ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࡢ 3㹼4 ಸ ⛬ᗘ ࡢ   ⇕ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ෭ ⇕ࢆ ᚓࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀ ࡛ ࡁ 㸪C O P㸦ᡂ

⦼ಀ ᩘ㸧ࡀ 㧗ࡃ㸪ᖜ ᗈ ࡃ ᬑ ཬࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ^{2 5 )}㸬౛ ࠼ ࡤ ⤥ ‮ᶵ 㸪 ✵ㄪᶵ 㸪 ෭෾ ಴ ᗜ࡞࡝

࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ᯛ ᣲ࡟㐦ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ᡃ ࡀ ᅜ ࡢ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉᢏ ⾡ࡣ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ 㧗 ࡃ㸪౛ ࠼ ࡤ ᐙ ᗞ⏝ ✵ㄪᶵ ࡢ┬࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᛶ ࡛ ࡣ A P F㸦 ᖺ㛫 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ᾘ ㈝ຠ ⋡㸧ࡀ 6 ࢆ ㉸

࠼ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡶ ࠶ ࡿ ^{2 6 )}㸬

ࡇࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡢ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ┬࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ໬ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪୺࡜ ࡋ ࡚ せ ⣲ᢏ ⾡ࡢ ྥ

ୖࡀᣲ ࡆࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬ࡓ ࡜࠼ ࡤ㸪ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ෆ 㒊 ࡢ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᖹ⁥⟶ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ࡃ㸪

⟶⾲㠃 ࡟⁁ ຍ ᕤ ࢆ ᪋ࡋ 㸪ఏ ⇕ಁ 㐍 ࢆ ≺ࡗ ࡓ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ఏ ⇕ ⟶ 2 7 – 3 2 )ࡀ᥇⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿࡼ ࠺࡟

࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡶ ᚑ ᮶ ࡣ ᐃ ㏿ ᶵ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡀ 㸪 ࢖ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࢱᢏ ⾡࡟ࡼࡾྍኚ

㏿ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ 3 3 ) , 3 4 )࡜ ࡞ ࡾ 㸪ᖜ ᗈ࠸㐠 ㌿ᇦ ࡛㐃⥆㐠 ㌿ࡀྍ⬟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸬

ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ᐃ᱁ タィ Ⅼ㏆ ഐ࡛ ࡢ ຠ ⋡ ࡣ ኱ ࡁࡃྥୖࡋ ࡚ ࡁ ࡓ ^{2 6 )}㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪ᖺ㛫ࢆ ㏻ ࡌࡓ㐠 ㌿࡟╔┠ ࡍ ࢀࡤ㸪ኟᮇ ࡢ ෭ᡣࡸ෤ Ꮨࡢᬮ ᡣ㸪ࡲ ࡓ 㸪

୰㛫 ᮇ ࡢ ప㈇ Ⲵ࡛ ࡢ㐠 ㌿ࡸᐮ෭ ᮇ ࡛ ࡢ╔ 㟖࡞࡝ ᵝ ࠎ࡞≧ ἣ࡛ ࡢ㐠 ㌿ࡀ᝿ᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ

3 5 – 3 8 )㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ≧ ἣ࡛ ᐇ㝿࡟ 㧗 ຠ ⋡ ໬ ࡀ 㐩 ᡂ ࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠿ ࡣ୙ ࡛᫂ ࠶

ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ୍ ᪥ࡢ㐠 ㌿࡟╔┠ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ࡬ࡢ ⇕㈇ Ⲵࡣᙜ ↛ ୍ᐃ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࡃ㸪ᙜ ↛ ㈇ Ⲵࡢ ኚ ື ࡣᏑ ᅾࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪୍ ᪥ࡢ㐠 ㌿࡟࠾࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㧗㈇ Ⲵ࠿ ࡽ ప㈇ Ⲵࡲ

࡛ ࡢ㐠 ㌿ ≧ ἣ ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ ࡽ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬≉࡟ ప㈇ Ⲵ 㐠 ㌿࡛ ࡣ 㸪ከ ࡃࡢሙ ྜࡣ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡀ Ⓨ೵ ࢆ ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿࡞࡝ࡶ Ⓨ⏕ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪 ᐇ㝿࡟࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ ࡢ ᛶ ⬟

࡛㐠 ㌿ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠿ ࡣ ࡸ ࡣ ࡾ୙ ᫂ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

ࡇࡢ ࡓࡵ㸪ᵝ ࠎ࡞᮲ ௳ ࢆ ᝿ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ᳨ ウࡀᚲせ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢ᳨ ウ ࢆᐇ 㦂࣮࣋ ࢫ ࡛⾜ ࠺ ࡇ࡜ ࡣ ᫬ 㛫 ࡸࢥࢫ ࢺ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶

ࡾ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ㐠 ㌿ ≧ ែ ࢆ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ࡟⢭ᗘࡼ ࡃ ෌ ⌧࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡑ ࢀࢆ ྲྀࡾᢅ ࠺㧗 ᗘ ࡞ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥᢏ ⾡ࡀ ồࡵࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ࡞ 㐠 ㌿ ≧ ែ ࢆ ⢭ᗘࡼ ࡃ ෌ ⌧ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧ

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ෆ 㒊 ࡢ ஧ ┦ ὶ ఏ ⇕⌧㇟ ࡸ 㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟」 㞧࡞⌧㇟ࢆ⪃

៖ࡍ ࡿᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ㄢ 㢟ࡣከ࠸ 㸬

ࡲ ࡓ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ෭ ፹ ࡣ 㸪ḟ ࠎ࡜ ᪂ ࡋ ࠸ ෭ ፹ ࡀ㛤Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ 㸪▷ᮇ 㛫 ࡟ ᐇ ᶵ ࡟᥇⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓሙ ྜࡢ ᛶ ⬟ࢆ ホ౯ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀ ồࡵࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡼ ࠺࡟

࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 3 9 – 4 2 )㸬ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪༢ ࡞ ࡿ ༢ẁ ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪

஧ẁᅽ ⦰ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ 㸪 ࢚ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢱ 4 3 – 5 1 )㸪 ࢖ ࣥ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢱ 5 2 – 5 6 )㸪 ⭾ ᙇ ᶵ ^{5 7 )}㸪 ࣏ ࣥ ࣉే

⏝ᆺ ^{5 8 )}࡞࡝㸪ᵝ ࠎ࡞ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡢ᳨ ウࡀ⾜ ࢃࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

ࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ሙ ྜ㸪⡆ ᫆࡞ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ィ ⟬ ࡛ ࡣ ᮏ ㉁ ⓗ ࡞ ᛶ ⬟ ࡀホ౯ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࡲ ࡓ 㸪

ྜ⌮ ⓗ ࡞ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࡀ ᐇ⌧࡛ ࡁ ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡸ ෭ ፹ 㸪 ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡢ ᵓ 㐀 ➼ ࡀ␗࡞ ࡿ ࡓࡧ࡟ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥࢥ࣮ࢻ࠿ ࡽ ᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ┤ ࡍᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪ከ ࡃࡢ

᫬ 㛫 ࡜ປຊࢆせ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡋ ࡲ࠺㸬 ᐇ 㦂࣮࣋ ࢫ ࡛ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ≉ ᛶࢆ ᳨ ウࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡶྍ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪኱ᐜ㔞 ࠿ ࡘ 㧗⢭ᗘ ࡞ ᐇ 㦂タ ഛ 5 9 – 6 5 )ࢆ㛗 ᫬ 㛫✌

ാࡉࡏࡿᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪ᵝ ࠎ࡞㐠 ㌿ ᮲ ௳ ୗ࡛ ࡢ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢᖺ㛫 ᛶ ⬟ࢆ ホ౯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࡣ ஦ ᐇୖ ୙ ྍ⬟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬ࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ༢ ࡞ ࡿ ᐃ᱁ᛶ ⬟ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ࡃ㸪ᖺ㛫 ᛶ ⬟ ࡢ ྥ

ୖࡀ ᮇᚅࡉ ࢀ ࡿ௒ ᚋࡣ 㧗⢭ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ 㸪ྜ⌮ ⓗ ࡛ ỗ ⏝ ᛶ ࡢ ࠶ ࡿ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ

ࣙ ࣥᢏ ⾡ࡢ☜ ❧ࡀ ồࡵࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

௨ ୖࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡑ ࡢ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡀ ᚲせ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

1 . 2 . ◊ ✲ ࡢ ┠ ⓗ

ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡟ ╔┠ ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ෆ 㒊 ࡢ ఏ ⇕⌧㇟ ࡸ ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻࢆ ヲ ⣽࡟ ⪃ ៖ࡋ ࡓᗈ ⠊ ᅖ࡟㐺 ᛂ ྍ⬟ ࡞ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡍ

ࡿ 㸬ࡇࢀ ࡽ ᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ࡓ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡣ ᐇ ᶵ ࡟ࡼࡿ ᐇ 㦂 ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ࡑ ࡢጇ ᙜᛶࢆ ᳨ ドࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᐇ 㦂 ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ ᐃ ᖖ≧ ែ㸪 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ≧ ែࡢ୧ ⪅ ࢆᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬≉࡟ 㠀 ᐃ ᖖ≧ ែ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡀ Ⓨ೵ ࢆ ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢጇ ᙜᛶࢆ ᳨ ドࡍ ࡿ 㸬

ࡑࡇ࡛ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪 㧗⢭ᗘ ࡞ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆᵓ ⠏ ࡋ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ࡟ ࡼࡾヲ ⣽࡟ ࡑ ࡢጇ ᙜᛶࢆ ᳨ ドࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪㰻 ⸨ࡽ 6 6 ) , 6 7 )ࡀᥦ ᱌ࡍ ࡿ ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣛ ࣮ ゎ ᯒ ⌮ ㄽ ࡟ ᇶ࡙ࡁ 㸪 ヲ ⣽࡞ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡞ ࡀ ࡽ ࡶ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ࢆ ⤫ ୍ⓗ ࡟ ゎ ᯒྍ⬟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࢩ ࣑

ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ͆E n e r g y F l o w + M͇ ࢆᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬ࡇࢀ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ㄝ ᫂ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

1 . 3 . ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ◊ ✲

ࡇࢀ ࡲ ࡛ ࡟ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪 ึ ᮇ ࡢ 㡭ࡣ

⇕ ఏ 㐩 ⋡ ➼ ࢆ ୍ᐃ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ⇕ 㔞 ࡢ ࣂ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ ࠿ ࡽ㞟 ୰ⓗ ࡟ ືసⅬࢆồࡵࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࡀከ ࡃ ぢࡽ ࢀ ࡓ 3 4 ) , 6 8 ) , 6 9 )㸬 ࡸ ࡀ ࡚ ィ ⟬ ᶵ ࡢ Ⓨ 㐩 ࡜ ࡜ ࡶ ࡟ ෆ 㒊ࢆศᕸⓗ ࡟ ࡜ ࡽ࠼ࡓ ◊ ✲

ࡸ 㸪 ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ⋡ ࡞࡝࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ┦ 㛵ᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ◊ ✲ ࡀከ ࡃ ぢࡽ ࢀ ࡿࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࡁ

ࡓ 7 0 – 7 6 )㸬 ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ໬ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᅄᐑࡽ ^{7 7 )}ࡀ 㧗 ᛶ ⬟ ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ࡢ ఏ ⇕ ࡸ ᅽ ຊ

ᦆ ኻࢆ ヲ ⣽࡟ ⪃៖ࡋ ࡓ᳨ ウ ࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪 ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ ⤖ ᯝࢆ ⢭ᗘࡼ ࡃ ෌ ⌧ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡟ ᡂຌࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡢከ ࡃࡣࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ෆ ࡢ ෭ ፹ ඘ ሸ㔞 ࡀ ᖖ ࡟᭱ 㐺໬ ࡉ

ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ≧ ែࡢࡳ࡟╔┠ ࡋ ࡓ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡸ 㸪ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ෆ ࡢ୍㒊 ࡢ せ ⣲ 㸪

≉࡟ ⭾ ᙇ ⏝ࢆ ⡆ ␎໬ ࡋ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ㐠

㌿ ≧ ែ ࢆ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ࡟෌ ⌧࡛ ࡁ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࡣゝ ࠼࡞ ࠸ ࡲ ࡓ 㸪Y a m a g u c h i ࡽ ^{7 8 )}ࡶ C O2 ᅽ ⦰ ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ヲ ⣽࡞ ゎ ᯒࢆ ⾜ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪㑄 ⮫⏺ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡀ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

㠀 ᐃ ᖖ ゎ ᯒ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ึ ᮇ ࡢ㡭ࡣ C h i ࡽ ^{7 9 )}ࡀ ᇶ♏ⓗ ࡞ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡜

㉳ື≉ᛶ ࡢ ゎ ᯒࢆ ሗ ࿌ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬M a c A r t h u r ࡽ ^{8 0 )}ࡣ ᇶ♏ⓗ ࡞ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢ ᵓ ⠏ ࡟ຍ ࠼

࡚㉳ື≉ᛶ ࡜೵ Ṇ ≉ᛶࢆ ሗ ࿌ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬L i u ࡽ ^{8 1 )}ࡣ 㸪C h i ࡽ 㸪M a c A r t h u r ࡽ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ

ࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ᐊ እ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚≉࡟ヲࡋࡃ ╔┠ ࡋ 㸪㝖 㟖᫬ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ᥦ ᱌ࡋ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢᣲືࢆ ሗ ࿌ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬≉࡟㉳ື ᫬ ࡢ ᫬ 㛫▷⦰ ࡣ 㔜 せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪㉳ື≉ ᛶ ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ◊ ✲ ࡣከ࠸ 6 9 ) , 7 3 ) , 7 4 ) , 8 0 )㸬

ࡋ ࠿ ࡋ 㸪 ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ ᶵ ჾ ࡢ೵ Ṇ㸪㉳ື ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ ኱つ ᶍ࡞ ኚ ື ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉ

ࢀ ࡿ⌧㇟ ࡢ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ࡸ ᐇ 㦂 ࡣᐜ ᫆ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪 ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿ᛶ ⬟ ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ

࠿ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ ࡝ ᫂ࡽ ࠿ ࡟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬ࡇࢀ ࡛ ࡣ ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿᫬ ࡢ ᛶ ⬟ᨵ ၿࡢ ᪉⟇➼ࢆ ᳨ ウࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡣ ࡛ ࡁ ࡞ ࠸≧ ἣ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

ゎ ᯒ ࡢ ᡭ ἲ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪ከ ࡃࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ 㸪 ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡓࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ィ ⟬ ᡭ 㡰

ࢆᐃࡵ㸪 ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 7 3 ) , 7 4 ) , 7 7 ) , 8 2 – 8 5 )㸬ࡇࡢ ࡓࡵ㸪 ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡀࢃࡎ ࠿ ࡛ ࡶ㐪 ࠺ ሙ ྜ࡟ ࡣ 㸪 ィ ⟬ ᡭ 㡰 ࡢ෌ ᳨ ウࡀవ ൤࡞ࡃࡉ ࢀ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ࡲ ࡓ 㸪ࣅࣝ ⏝࣐ࣝࢳ✵ㄪᶵ ࡸ 㸪ኴ 㝧 ⇕ 㸪 ࢖ ࣥ ࢪ ࢙ ࢡ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡞࡝ ࢆ ⤌ ࡳ ྜ ࢃ ࡏࡓ」 ྜ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࡢ ゎ ᯒ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ 㸪ྜ⌮ ⓗ ࡞ ィ ⟬ ᡭ 㡰ࢆ Ỵᐃ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡣ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ᅔ 㞴࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡟ 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ࡣ 㸪M o d e l i c a^{8 6 )}㸪L C E M^{8 7 )}㸪T R N S Y S^{8 8 )}➼ ࡀ㛤Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸

ࡿ 㸬ࡇࢀ ࡽ ࡣ 㸪≉ Ṧ࡞ゝ ㄒ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ゎ ᯒࢆ ྍ⬟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡸ 㸪ᖺ㛫 ィ ⟬ࢆ ᝿ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ⡆ ᫆ィ ⟬ ࡟ ࡜࡝ࡲ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡞࡝㸪 ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢヲ ⣽࡞ ゎ ᯒࢆ ྍ⬟

࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 ྠ ᫬ ࡟ᮍ ࡔ ౑࠸຾ᡭ ࡢⰋ࠸ ࡶ ࡢ ࡣ㛤Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࠸ ࡢ ࡀ⌧ ≧

࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

1 . 4 . ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡢ ᴫ せ

ᮏ ㄽ ᩥ ࡟࠾ ࡅࡿ ྛ❶ࡢ ᴫ せ ࡣ௨ ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 1 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ ⫼ ᬒ ࡜ ┠ ⓗ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ 㸬 ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ᚑ ᮶ ࡢ ࠸ࡃࡘ ࠿ ࡢ 㔜 せ ࡞ ◊ ✲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚⤂ ௓ࡋ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡢ఩ ⨨ ࡙ ࡅ ࢆ ᫂ ☜࡟ ࡋ ࡓ 㸬

➨ 2 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ືసཎ ⌮ ࡜ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ࡞ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ௙⤌ ࡳ ࢆ ᫂ ☜࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 3 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪௬ᐃ ஦㡯㸪ᨭ㓄 ᪉⛬ ᘧ㸪 ቃ⏺᮲ ௳➼ࢆ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 4 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪3 ❶࡛ ㏙ ࡭ ࡓ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢ ゎ ᯒ ࡍ ࡿ ᡭ ἲ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 ࣔ ࢪ ࣗ ࣛ ࣮ ゎ ᯒ ᡭ ἲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 5 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᐃ ᖖ≧ ែ࡟╔┠ ࡋ ࡚ ᐇ 㦂 ᶵࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂ࢆ ⾜࠸ 㸪➨ 3 ❶࡛ ᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ࡓ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢ ጇ ᙜᛶࢆ ᳨ ドࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 6 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪㠀 ᐃ ᖖ≧ ែ㸪≉࡟ ᩿ ⥆㐠 ㌿࡟╔┠ ࡋ ࡚ ᐇ 㦂 ᶵࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜࠸ 㸪

➨ 3 ❶࡛ ᵓ ⠏ ࡋ ࡓ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡢጇ ᙜᛶࢆ ᳨ ドࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 7 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ỗ ⏝ ゎ ᯒ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ඲ య ⓗ ࡞ ᵓ ᡂࢆ㏙ ࡭

ࡿ 㸬

➨ 8 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᮏ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ➨ 1 ᒙ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ィ ⟬ ᒙ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ 㸪 ィ ⟬ ᒙ ࡢ ᙺ

๭ࢆ ᫂ ☜࡟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 9 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ᮏ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ➨ 2 ᒙ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ไ ᚚ ᒙ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 1 0 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᮏ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ➨ 3 ᒙ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ධ ฟ ຊ ᒙ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬ᮏ ◊ ✲

࡛ ࡣ ධ ฟ ຊ ᒙ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࢚ ࢡ ࢭ ࣝࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪ࡇࡢ G U I ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

➨ 1 1 ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᮏ ◊ ✲ࢆ ㏻ ࡌ࡚ᚓࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ᡂ ᯝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡲ ࡜ࡵࡿ 㸬ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡟

࠾ ࡅࡿ௒ ᚋࡢ ᒎ ᮃ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

➨ ➨

➨ ➨ 1 㒊 㒊 㒊 㒊 ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ ኱ ᇦ ⓗ ᩘ ್ ゎ ᯒ

➨

➨ ➨

➨ 2 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ

2 . 1 . ᴫ せ

ᮏ❶࡛ ࡣ 㸪 ◊ ✲ ᑐ ㇟ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ᇶ ᮏ ⓗ ࡞ ཎ ⌮ ࡜ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉࢆᐇ⌧ࡉࡏࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ ࡞ せ ⣲ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

2 . 2 . ᇶ ᮏ ཎ ⌮

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡜ ࡣ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢྡࡢ㏻ࡾ ⇕ࢆ Ữ ࡳ ୖ ࡆࡿ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 Ỉ ࢆ Ữ ࡳ ୖ ࡆࡿ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡀ 㸪 ప ࠸ ࡜ࡇ ࢁ࠿ ࡽ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜ࡇ ࢁ ࡬ Ữ ࡳ ୖ ࡆࡿࡼ ࠺࡟ 㸪 ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡛ ࡣ   ᗘ ࡀ ప ࠸ ࡜ࡇ ࢁ࠿ ࡽ 㸪   ᗘ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡜ࡇ ࢁ ࡬⇕ࢆ Ữ ࡳ ୖ ࡆ ࡿ 㸬 ෭ⶶ ᗜࡸኟ ሙࡢ ✵ㄪᶵ ࡛ ࡣ ෭༷ᑐ ㇟ ࡢ ⇕ࢆእ ⏺࡬ ᨺฟ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡟ࡼࡾ ప  ࢆಖ ࡕ 㸪⤥

‮ჾ ࡸ෤ ሙࡢ ✵ㄪᶵ ࡛ ࡣ እ ⏺ ࡢ ⇕ࢆ Ữ ࡳ ୖ ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚   ⇕ࢆ ⏕ᡂ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡟ ࡣᵝ ࠎ࡞✀ 㢮ࡀᏑ ᅾࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ ᘧࣄ

࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡣ 㸪 ⌮᝿ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ㏫ ࢝ࣝࣀ࣮ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀ 㸪 ➼  㐣 ⛬࡜ ᩿ ⇕㐣 ⛬࠿

ࡽ ᡂ ࡿ 㸬P V ⥺ᅗ ࡢ ᴫ␎ ࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬ࡇࡢ ᫬ T s ⥺ᅗ ࡣ F i g . 2 . 2 ࡢࡼ ࠺࡟┿ᅄ ゅ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 P V d i a g r a m o f r e v e r s e C a r n o t c y c l e

F i g . 2 . 2 Ts d i a g r a m o f r e v e r s e C a r n o t c y c l e

ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝࢆᐇ㝿࡟ᙧᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ ࡣ 㸪ᅽ ⦰㐣 ⛬㸪จ ⦰㐣 ⛬㸪

⭾ ᙇ㐣 ⛬㸪 ⵨ Ⓨ㐣 ⛬ ࢆ ⤒ࡿᚲせ ࡀ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪୍ ⯡ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ F i g . 2 . 3 ࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ ࣇ ࣟ ࣮ ࡟ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᐇ⌧ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ୺࡞ ືసཎ ⌮ ࡣ௨ ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

1 ) ప ᅽ ࡢ ⵨ Ẽ ࢆᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡛ ᅽ ⦰ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡟ࡼࡾ 㸪㧗   㧗 ᅽ ࡢ㐣⇕ ⵨ ẼࢆⓎ⏕ࡉ ࡏࡿ 㸬

2 ) 1 )ࡢ ⵨ Ẽࢆ෭༷ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㧗 ᅽ ࡢ ᅽ ⦰ ᾮ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡇࡢ㐣 ⛬࡛   ⇕ ࡀ⏕ᡂ ࡉ

ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

3 ) 2 )ࡢ ᅽ ⦰ ᾮࢆ᩿ ⇕ ⭾ ᙇ ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ప   ప ᅽ ࡢ ‵ ࡾ ⵨ Ẽ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ

4 ) 3 )ࡢ ‵ ࡾ ⵨ Ẽࢆ ຍ⇕ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ప ᅽ ࡢ㐣⇕ ⵨ Ẽ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬ࡇࡢ㐣 ⛬࡛ ෭ ⇕ ࡀ⏕ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

5 ) 4 )ࡢ㐣⇕ ⵨ Ẽࢆᅽ ⦰ ࡋ 㸪 㧗   㧗 ᅽ ࡢ㐣⇕ ⵨ Ẽ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪1 )࡟ᡠࡿ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 3 C o m p r e s s i o n t y p e h e a t - p u m p c y c l e

⌮᝿ⓗ ࡟ ࡣ㏫ ࢝ࣝࣀ࣮ࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝ ࡛ ࡣ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 จ ⦰㐣 ⛬࡜ ⵨ Ⓨ㐣 ⛬࡛ ࡢ ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ

ࡸ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰㐣 ⛬࡜ ⭾ ᙇ㐣 ⛬࡛ ࡢ୙ ྍ ㏫ᛶ ࡞࡝࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ᐇ㝿࡟ ࡣ F i g . 2 . 4 ࡜ F i g . 2 . 5 ࡟

♧ࡍࡼ ࠺࡞ P h ⥺ᅗ ࡜ Ts ⥺ᅗࢆ ᙧᡂ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 4 C o m p r e s s i o n h e a t p u m p c y c l e o n P h d i a g r a m

F i g . 2 . 5 C o m p r e s s i o n h e a t p u m p c y c l e o n Ts d i a g r a m

2 . 3 . ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲

ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ᇶ♏ⓗ ࡞ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ࣇ ࣟ ࣮ ࡣ F i g . 2 . 3 ࡟♧ࡋ ࡓ㏻ࡾ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉࢧ࢖ ࢡ ࣝࢆᐇ⌧ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ࡟ ࡣ ᶵ ჾ ࡢ ಖㆤࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࡸ 㸪 ෭ ⇕฼⏝ ࡜   ⇕฼⏝ ࡢษࡾ᭰࠼࡜ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ฼౽ᛶ ࡢ ほ Ⅼ ࠿ ࡽ F i g . 2 . 6 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ ࠺࡞ ᵓ ᡂ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࡀከ࠸ 㸬 ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡣ௨ ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

࣭ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ

࣭ ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ

࣭ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ

࣭ 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ

࣭ ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ

࣭ ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶

࣭ ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ

F i g . 2 . 6 S c h e m a t i c f l o w o f c o m p r e s s i o n t y p e h e a t - p u m p

௨ ୗ࡟ ࡑ ࢀࡒࢀ ࡢ せ ⣲ ࡢㄝ ᫂ ࢆ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬

ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡣ 㸪 ప ᅽ ࡢ ⵨ Ẽ ෭ ፹ࢆ㧗 ᅽ 㧗   ࡢ ⵨ Ẽ࡬ᅽ ⦰ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࢫ ࢡ ࣜ ࣗ

࣮ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡸ 㐲 ᚰᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡞࡝ ᵝ ࠎ࡞ᙧ ᘧࡢ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡀᏑ ᅾࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ

ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡣ ࢫ ࢡ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ෆ ࡟ ࡣ ஧ ࡘ ࡢ ࢫ ࢡ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࡀ ࠶

ࡾ 㸪୍᪉ ࡀᅛᐃ ࡉ ࢀ ࡶ࠺ ୍᪉ ࡀ೫ ⰺᅇ ㌿ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㸪୧ࢫ ࢡ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࡢ 㛫 ࡟ᣳࡲ ࢀ ࡓ ⵨ Ẽ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ᅽ ⦰ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ࡜ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡢ እ ほࢆ F i g . 2 . 7 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 7 A c c u m u l a t o r ( l e f t ) a n d c o m p r e s s o r ( r i g h t )

࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ Ẽ ᾮࢆศ 㞳 ࡍ ࡿ せ ⣲ ࡛ ࠶ ࡾ 㸪㏻ᖖ ࡣ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡢୖὶ ഃ ࡟タ ⨨ࡉ

ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ᾮ ෭ ፹ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᐦ ᗘ ࡢ ኚ ໬ ࡀ 㠀 ᖖ ࡟ᑠࡉ ࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡟ ᾮ

≧ ែࡢ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ὶ ࢀ㎸ ࡴ࡜ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡀ◚ᦆ ࡍ ࡿᜍࢀ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬 ࡑ ࡢ ࡓࡵ㸪 ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ

࣮ ࢱࢆ タ ⨨ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡟ ᾮ ࡀ ὶ ධ ࡍ ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㜵࠸ ࡛ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ እ ほ ࡣ ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡜ ྠᵝ࡟ F i g . 2 . 7 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡛ ࡣ ෭ ፹ ࡜ ✵ Ẽ ࡢ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ࢆ ⾜ ࠺㸬 ࡉ ࡲࡊࡲ ࡞ ࢱ ࢖ ࣉ ࡢ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡀᏑ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ᢅ ࠺ࡶ ࡢ ࡣ㖡⟶ ࡜ ࢔ ࣝ ࣑ ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ ࡛ ᵓ ᡂ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬㖡⟶ ࡢ ෆ ഃ

ࢆ෭ ፹ ࡀ ὶ ࢀ 㸪 እ ഃࢆ✵ Ẽ ࡀ ὶ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 እ ほࢆ F i g . 2 . 8 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 8 H e a t e x c h a n g e r

㖡⟶ ෆ ࡢ ᅗࢆ F i g . 2 . 9࡜ F i g . 2 . 1 0࡟♧ࡍ 㸬⟶ ෆ ࡟ ࡣ⼺ ᪕⁁ ຍ ᕤࡀ᪋ࡉ ࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ఏ ⇕ࢆ ಁ 㐍ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ⟶ እ ࡟ ࡣࢥࣝࢤ࣮ ࢺ≧ࡢ ࢔ ࣝ ࣑ ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ ࢆᅽ╔ࡋ

࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪 ఏ ⇕ 㠃 ✚ ࡢᣑ኱ ࡟ࡼࡾ ఏ ⇕ ࡢಁ 㐍ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ ࢆᅗ F i g . 2 . 1 1

࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 9 H e a t e x c h a n g e t u b e

F i g . 2 . 1 0 I n s i d e m i c r o - f i n

F i g . 2 . 1 1 F i n

㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚௨ ୗ࡟ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ ࡣᚤ ᑠὶ ㊰ ࡟ ࢽ ࣮ࢻࣝࢆᤄධ ࡍ

ࡿࡇ࡜ ࡛ ὶ ㊰ 㠃 ✚ࢆ ㄪ⠇ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬ࡇࢀ ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ෭ ፹ ὶ 㔞 ࡜ ᅽ ຊࢆไ ᚚ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ࢽ

࣮ࢻࣝ ࡣ ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣆ ࣥ ࢢ ࣔ ࣮ ࢱ ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ไ ᚚ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬F i g . 2 . 1 2 ࡟ እ ほࢆ ♧ࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 3 ࡟ ࡣ ࢫ ࢸ ࢵ ࣆ ࣥ ࢢ ࣔ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢࢻࣛ ࢖ ࣂࢆ ྲྀࡾ እ ࡋ ࡓ እ ほࢆࡋࡵࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 2 E l e c t r i c e x p a n s i o n v a l v e a n d s t e p p i n g m o t o r

F i g . 2 . 1 3 E l e c t r i c e x p a n s i o n v a l v e

ᅄ ᪉ ᘚࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 4 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬 ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡣ F i g . 2 . 6 ࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ෆ ࡟タ ⨨ࡉ

ࢀ ࡚ ෭ᡣ 㐠 ㌿࡜ᬮ ᡣ 㐠 ㌿ ࢆษࡾ᭰࠼ࡿ ᙺ ๭ࢆᢸ࠺㸬 ෭ᡣ 㐠 ㌿ࡢሙ ྜࡢ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ὶ ࢀ

ࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 5 ࡟ 㸪ᬮ ᡣ 㐠 ㌿ࡢሙ ྜࡢ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ὶ ࢀࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 6 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 4 F o u r w a y v a l v e

F i g . 2 . 1 5 R e f r i g e r a n t f l o w o f c o o l i n g o p e r a t i o n r

F i g . 2 . 1 6 R e f r i g e r a n t f l o w o f h e a t i n g o p e r a t i o n

᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 7 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬 ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡣ ྛ せ ⣲ 㛫 ࡢ ᥋ ⥆ ࡟౑ ࢃࢀ ࡿ 㸬୍ ⯡ⓗ ࡟ ᖹ⁥⟶ ࡀ ⏝ ࠸ ࡽ ࢀ ࡚࠾ࡾ 㸪⟶ እ ࡣࡴࡁ ฟ ࡋ ࠶ ࡿ ࠸ ࡣ ᩿ ⇕ᮦ࡛࠾ ࠾ ࢃࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪

✚ᴟⓗ ࡞ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ࢆ ≺ࡗ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 7 C o n n e c t i n g t u b e

✵ Ẽ ࣇ ࢓ ࣥࢆ F i g . 2 . 1 8 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢᙧ࡟ྜ ࢃ ࡏ࡚ 㸪ࣉ ࣟ࣌ࣛ ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ 㸪 ࢩ ࣟ ࢵࢥࣇ ࢓ ࣥ 㸪㐲 ᚰࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡞࡝ࡀ౑࠸ ศࡅࡽ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

F i g . 2 . 1 8 F a n

➨

➨

➨

➨ 3 ❶ ❶ ❶ ❶ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ

3 . 1 . ᴫ せ

ᮏ❶࡛ ࡣ ࢩ ࣑ ࣗ ࣞ ࣮ ࢩ ࣙ ࣥ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 㸬 ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ

࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ᵓ ᡂ せ ⣲ ࡢ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆᵓ ⠏ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

3 . 2 . ྛ せ ⣲ ࡢ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚

ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ 㸪ᑐ ㇟ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ ᅽ ⦰ᘧࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉࢆ㸪ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ 㸪⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ 㸪᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ 㸪 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ 㸪 ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ 㸪 ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ 㸪 ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡟ ศ ๭ ࡋ ࡚ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ໬ ࢆ ⾜ ࠺㸬 ෭ ፹ ࡢ ⇕ ≀ ᛶ ್ ࡣ R E F P R O P^{8 9 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ‵ ࡾ ✵ Ẽ ࡢ ⇕ ≀ ᛶ ್ ࡣ ᩥ⊩ 9 0 ) , 9 1 )ࡼࡾ ⟬ ฟ ࡍ

ࡿ 㸬

3 . 3 . ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ

ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ F i g . 3 . 1 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬௨ ୗ࡟௬ᐃ ஦㡯 ࢆ ♧ࡍ 㸬

1 ) ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡣ௚ࡢ せ ⣲ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚ᛂ⟅ࡀ༑ศ ࡟᪩࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪 ᐃ ᖖ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 2 ) ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡢ ຠ ⋡ ࡣ ᩿ ⇕ ຠ ⋡ 㸪య ✚ ຠ ⋡ 㸪࢖ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࢱ ຠ ⋡ ࡟ࡼࡾ⾲ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡍ

ࡿ 㸬

3 ) ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ෆ ࡢ ෭ ፹ ࡣ ࢞ ࢫ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ ࠿ ࡽ 㸪ࡑ ࡢ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ ࢩ ࢫ ࢸ ࣒ ඲ య ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚༑ ศ ࡟ᑠࡉ ࠸ ࡓࡵ㸪 ⪃៖ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ࡜ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,O R,Ov SR,O R,I R,Iv SR,I 0

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 )

R,O R,O R,Ov h SR,O R,I R,I R,Iv h SR,I W

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 2 )

᩿ ⇕ ຠ ⋡ ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ⌮᝿ᅽ ⦰ ฟ ཱྀ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢺ ࣟ ࣆ sR , O , a dࡣ ධ ཱྀ ࡟ ➼ ࡋ ࠸ 㸬

R,O,ad R,I ad

R,O R,I

h h

h h

η = ⁻

− ( 3 . 3 )

R,O,ad R,I

s = s

ᅇ ㌿ᩘ ࡜ ὶ 㔞 ࡢ 㛵 ಀࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,I R,I R,I R,I V

2

v S n V

ρ ρ η

= π ( 3 . 5 )

ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡢ ື ຊ ࡣ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᶵᾘ ㈝㟁 ຊ ࡜ ࢖ ࣥ ࣂ ࣮ ࢱ ຠ ⋡ ࡢ ✚ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

W =ηINVE ( 3 . 6 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢺ ࣟ ࣆ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R,I fρ PR,I,hR,I

ρ = ( 3 . 7 )

( )

R,I s R,I, R,I

s = f P h ( 3 . 8 )

( )

R,O,ad s R,O, R,O,ad

s = f P h ( 3 . 9 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ಖ ᭷ 㔞 ࡣ ༑ ศ ࡟ ᑠ ࡉ ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ 㸪 ⪃ ៖ ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

R 0

m = ( 3 . 1 0 )

ᅽ ⦰ ᶵ ࡛ ධ ཱྀ ࡢ ቃ ⏺ ࡢ ≧ ែ ࡣ ḟ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

R,COM,I R,I R,I R,I

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 1 )

R,COM,I R,I

P =P ( 3 . 1 2 )

R,COM,I R,I

h =h ( 3 . 1 3 )

R,COM,O R,O R,O R,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 4 )

R,COM,O R,O

P =P ( 3 . 1 5 )

R,COM,O R,O

h =h ( 3 . 1 6 )

F i g . 3 . 1 C o m p r e s s o r

3 . 4 . ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ

⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࢆ F i g . 3 . 2 ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡣ ᐇ ᶵ ࡛ ᥇ ⏝ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࣇ ࢕ ࣥ ࢳ ࣗ ࣮ ࣈ ᆺ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࢆ ᝿ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬 ࡞ ࠾ 㸪 ᅽ ⦰ ᘧ ࣄ ࣮ ࢺ ࣏ ࣥ ࣉ ࡢ ୰ ࡢ ⵨ Ⓨ ჾ ࡜ จ ⦰ ჾ ࡣ ᮏ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ᢅ ࠺ 㸬 ௬ ᐃ ஦ 㡯 ࢆ ௨ ୗ ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

1 ) ෭ ፹ ഃ ࡣ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ୍ ḟ ඖ ࡢ ศ ᕸ ᐃ ᩘ ⣔ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

2 ) ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ࡣ ẚ ⇕ ࡜ ᐦ ᗘ ࢆ ୍ ᐃ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪෭ ፹ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ୍ ḟ ඖ ࡢ ศ ᕸ ᐃ ᩘ ⣔ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

3 ) ✵ Ẽ ὶ ࢀ ࡣ ෭ ፹ ὶ ࢀ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ┤ ஺ ࡋ 㸪 ✵ Ẽ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ࡣ㞟 ୰ᐃ ᩘ⣔࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 4 ) ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡛ ࡣ」ᩘẁ࠿ ࡽ ࡞ ࡿ ఏ ⇕ ⟶⩌ࢆ 1 ẁ࡜ ࡋ ࡚㞟 ୰ⓗ ࡟ྲྀࡾᢅ ࠺㸬

෭ ፹ ഃ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡢᘧ㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

(

)

R v 0

t z

ρ ^∂ ρ

∂ + =

∂ ∂ ( 3 . 1 7 )

2

R R R

R In

2

P v

z f d

ρ

∂ = −

∂ ( 3 . 1 8 )

(

) (

)

In In

u v h U

t z S q

ρ ρ

∂ ∂

+ = −

∂ ∂ ( 3 . 1 9 )

ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ࡢ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

( )

Out

T In

T T In Out Out V

T T

T U U

C q q j h

t S S

ρ ^∂ = − +

∂ ( 3 . 2 0 )

✵ Ẽ ഃ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪Ỉ⵨ Ẽ ࣂ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ 㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ 㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧

ࡍ 㸬

A,O A,Ov LA A,I A,Iv LA UOutjOut

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 2 1 )

A,O A,Ov XA,OLA A,I A,Iv XA,ILA UOutjOut

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 2 2 )

A,O A,I 0

P −P = ( 3 . 2 3 )

( )

A,O A,Ov hA,OLA A,I A,I A,Iv h LA UOut qOut jOuthV

ρ −ρ = + ( 3 . 2 4 )

✵ Ẽ ฟ ཱྀ   ᗘ ࡀ㟢Ⅼ ࡟ 㐩 ࡋ ࡓሙ ྜࡣ 㸪 ✵ Ẽ ฟ ཱྀ   ᗘ ࡜㟢Ⅼ ࡀ ➼ ࡋࡃ࡞ ࡿࡼ ࠺ 㝖

‵ ࡀ ࡞ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ Ỉศ ㉁ 㔞 ὶ ᮰ j ࡀ ⟬ ฟ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬 ✵ Ẽ ฟ ཱྀ   ᗘ ࡀ㟢Ⅼࡼࡾ 㧗 ࠸ሙ ྜࡣ 㸪㝖‵ ࡣ ࡉ ࢀ ࡞ ࠸ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

( )

Out

A,O A,O DP,A,O DP,A,O A,O

0

, ,

T T

j f P h T T T

⎧⎪ <

=⎨⎪⎩ = ( 3 . 2 5 )

෭ ፹ ࡜ ఏ ⇕ ⟶ 㸪 ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ࡜ ✵ Ẽ ࡢ 㛫 ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

( )

In In R T

q =α T −T ( 3 . 2 6 )

( ) ( )

( )

( )

T A,I T A,O

Out Out

T A,I

T A,O

ln

T T T T

q T T

T T

α ^{− − −}

= −

−

( 3 . 2 7 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ⋡ ࡣ 㸪 ༢ ᒙ ὶ ࡢሙ ྜࡣ D i t t u s - B o e l t e r ࡢᘧ ^{9 2 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

R

In R

In

Nu D

α = λ ( 3 . 2 8 )

0.8

R,SP R R

Nu =0.023Re Prⁿ ( 3 . 2 9 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡀ 㸪 ஧ ┦ ⵨ Ⓨ ࡢሙ ྜ࡟ ࡣྜྷ ⏣ࡽ ^{9 3 )}ࡢᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

( )

2 0.44

In,TP 4 4 0.69

In,SP,L tt

3.7 Bo 10 0.23 Bo 10 1

X α

α

⎧ ⎛ ⎞ ⎫

⎪ ⎪

= ⎨ × + × ⎜ ⎟ ⎬

⎝ ⎠

⎪ ⎪

⎩ ⎭

( 3 . 3 0 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡀ 㸪஧ ┦ จ ⦰ ࡢሙ ྜࡣ㔝 ὠࡽ ^{9 4 )}ࡢᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬㔝 ὠࡽ ࡢᥦၐࡍ ࡿᘧࡣ 㸪

ୗグࡢ ᙉ ไ ᑐ ὶ จ ⦰ ࢾ ࢭ ࣝ ࢺ ᩘ ࡜ య ✚ ຊ จ ⦰ ࢾ ࢭ ࣝ ࢺ ᩘ ࡢ ኱ ࡁ ࠸࡯ ࠺ ࢆ ᥇⏝ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

( )

0.9 0.1 0.8 3 13

v

L 1

F sup L L 1.5

V L L V

0.018 8 10 1 0.2

1

x C H H

Nu Re x Pr

x Re Pr Pr

ρ ρ

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ + ⎛ × ⎞ ⎛ ⎞

= ⎜⎝⎜ ⎠⎟⎟ ⎝⎜ − ⎠⎟ ⎜⎝ + ⎟⎠ ⎝⎜ + − ⎟⎠ ( 3 . 3 1 )

(

)

(

)

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ B l a s i u s ࡢᘧ ^{9 5 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

-0.25 R,SP 0.079 ReR

f = ( 3 . 3 3 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ஧ ┦ ὶ ࡢሙ ྜࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ C h i s h o l m^{9 6 )}ࡢᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

-0.25 2 R,TP 0.079 ReR,L L

f = φ ( 3 . 3 4 )

2

L 2

tt tt

20 1

1 X X

φ = + + ( 3 . 3 5 )

✵ Ẽ ഃ ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩 ⋡ ࡣ℩ୗ-⸨஭ 9 7 – 1 0 0 )ࡢᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

A

Out A

ec

Nu D

α = λ ( 3 . 3 6 )

A

0.38

A A ec

A

x

2.1 Re Pr D

Nu L

⎛ ⎞

= ⎜⎜⎝ ⎟⎟⎠ ( 3 . 3 7 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ 㸪 ᐦ ᗘ 㸪   ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R u R, R

u = f P h ( 3 . 3 8 )

( )

R fρ P hR, R

ρ = ( 3 . 3 9 )

( )

R T R, R

T =f P h ( 3 . 4 0 )

‵ ࡾ ✵ Ẽ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ ࡜   ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ 㸪 ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ 㸪⤯ᑐ ‵ ᗘ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

A fρ P h XA, A, A

ρ = ( 3 . 4 1 )

( )

A T A, A, A

T = f P h X ( 3 . 4 2 )

⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࡛ ෭ ፹ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡍ 㸬

R In R

0

m =S

∫

⟶ ෆ ὶ ㊰ 㠃 ✚ ࡜ 㸪 ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ᩿ 㠃 ✚ ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

2 In

In 4

S ₌πD

( 3 . 4 4 )

2 2

Out In

T 4 4

D D

S ₌π ₋π

( 3 . 4 5 )

ࡇ ࡇ࡛ 㸪 ⵨ Ⓨ ჾ ࡛ ࠶ ࢀࡤ㸪 ฟ ධ ཱྀቃ⏺ ࡢ≧ ែࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬 z= 0 ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ 㸪

R,EVA,I R R R

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 4 6 )

R,EVA,I R

P =P ( 3 . 4 7 )

R,EVA,I R

h =h ( 3 . 4 8 )

z = L ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ

R,EVA,O R R R

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 4 9 )

R,EVA,O R

P =P ( 3 . 5 0 )

R,EVA,O R

h =h ( 3 . 5 1 )

✵ Ẽ ഃ ࡢ ฟ ධ ཱྀ ࡢቃ⏺ ࡢ≧ ែࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ 㛵㐃௜ࡅࡽ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

A,EVA,I A,I A,I A

G =ρ v L L ( 3 . 5 2 )

A,EVA,I A,I

P =P ( 3 . 5 3 )

A,EVA,I A,I

h =h ( 3 . 5 4 )

A,EVA,I A,I

X =X ( 3 . 5 5 )

✵ Ẽ ฟ ཱྀ ഃ ࡛ ࡣ ศᕸࡀ⏕ ࡌࡿ ࡓ ࡵ㸪ቃ⏺ ࡢ≧ ែࡣ ᩿ ⇕ ⓗ ࡟ΰྜࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ 㸪ḟ ࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

A,EVA,O A 0 A,O A,O

G =L

∫

A,EVA,O A,O

P =P ( 3 . 5 7 )

A 0 A,O A,O A,O A,EVA,O

A 0 A,O A,O L

L

L v h dz

h

L v dz

ρ

=

∫

∫

A 0 A,O A,O A,O A,EVA,O

A A,O A,O

0 L

L

L v X dz

X

L X dz

ρ

=

∫

∫

F i g . 3 . 2 H e a t e x c h a n g e r

3 . 5 . ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶

௨ ୗ࡟ ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ ♧ࡍ 㸬 ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡛ ࡣ ෆ ഃࢆ෭ ፹ ࡀ㏻ 㐣ࡍ ࡿ ࡓࡵ㸪 ෭

፹ ഃ ࡢ ᇶ♏ ᘧࡣ ⇕ ஺ ᥮ ჾ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ྠᵝ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ 㸬

1 ) ᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡛ ࡣ ⟶ እ ࡜ ࡢ ⇕ ࡢ ࡸ ࡾ ࡜ ࡾ ࡣ༑ศ ࡟ᑠࡉ ࠸ ࡓࡵ⪃៖ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬 2 ) ⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ഃ ࡣ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ ࡟ ୍ ḟඖࡢ ศᕸᐃ ᩘ⣔࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

3 ) ఏ ⇕ ⟶ ࡣ ẚ ⇕ ࡜ ᐦ ᗘ ࢆ ୍ᐃ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ ෭ ፹ ὶ ࢀ ᪉ ྥ ࡟୍ ḟඖࡢ ศᕸᐃ ᩘ⣔࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ෭ ፹ ഃ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡢᘧ㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

(

)

R v 0

t z

ρ ∂ ρ

∂ + =

∂ ∂ ( 3 . 6 0 )

2

R R R

R In

2

P v

z f d

ρ

∂ = −

∂ ( 3 . 6 1 )

(

) (

)

In In

u v h Lc

t z S q

ρ ρ

∂ ∂

+ = −

∂ ∂ ( 3 . 6 2 )

᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡢ ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

T In

T T In

T

T Lc

C q

t S

ρ ^∂ =

∂ ( 3 . 6 3 )

᥋ ⥆ 㓄 ⟶ ࡜ ෭ ፹ ࡜ ࡢ ⇕ ఏ 㐩ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

( )

In In R T

q =α T −T ( 3 . 6 4 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ᦶ ᧿ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ B l a s i u s ࡢᘧ ^{9 5 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

-0.25 R,SP 0.079 ReR

f = ( 3 . 6 5 )

⟶ ෆ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ஧ ┦ ὶ ࡢሙ ྜ࡟ ࡶ B l a s i u s ࡢᘧ ^{9 5 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ㝿ࡢ ஧ ┦ ࣞ ࢖ࣀ

ࣝࢬᩘ ⟬ ฟ ࡟ ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ ⢓ ᛶ ಀ ᩘ ࡣ M c A d a m s ࡢᘧ ^{1 0 1 )}ࢆ⏝ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬

TP L V

1 1 x x

μ μ μ

= − + ( 3 . 6 6 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ 㸪 ᐦ ᗘ 㸪   ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R u R, R

u =f P h ( 3 . 6 7 )

( )

R fρ P hR, R

ρ = ( 3 . 6 8 )

( )

R T R, R

T = f P h ( 3 . 6 9 )

㓄 ⟶ ࡛ ࡢ ෭ ፹ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡍ 㸬

R In 0 R

m =S

∫

ฟ ධ ཱྀቃ⏺ ࡢ≧ ែࡣ௨ ୗࡢࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ z =0 ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ 㸪

R,TUB,I R R R

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 7 1 )

R,TUB,I R

P =P ( 3 . 7 2 )

R,TUB,I R

h =h ( 3 . 7 3 )

z = L ࡢ ࡜ ࡁ

R,TUB,O R R R

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 7 4 )

R,TUB,O R

P =P ( 3 . 7 5 )

R,TUB,O R

h =h ( 3 . 7 6 )

3 . 6 . 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ

㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚࢆ F i g . 3 . 3 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬௬ᐃ ஦㡯 ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

1 ) 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ ࡣ௚ࡢ せ ⣲ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚༑ศ ࡟ᛂ⟅ࡀ᪩࠸ ࡓ ࡵᐃ ᖖ ᩘ ⌮ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 2 ) 㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ ࡣ௚ࡢ せ ⣲ ࡟ ẚ ࡭ ࡚༑ศ ࡟ᑠࡉ ࠸ ࡓࡵ෭ ፹ ࡢ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ ⪃៖ࡋ ࡞ ࠸ 㸬

㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,O R,Ov SR,O R,I R,Iv SR,I 0

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 7 7 )

R,O R,Ov hR,OSR,O R,I R,I R,Iv h SR,I 0

ρ ⁻ρ ⁼ ( 3 . 7 8 )

㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ๓ᚋࡢᕪᅽ ࡜ ὶ 㔞 ࡣ ࣀࢬࣝ ࡢᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

( )

( )

( )

V R,I R,I R,O R,I

R,I R,I R,I

V R,O R,O R,I R,I

2 0

2 0

C S P P v

v S C S P P v

ρ ρ

ρ

⎧ − >

=⎪⎨

⎪ − ≤

⎩

( 3 . 7 9 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R,I f Pρ R,I,hR,I

ρ = ( 3 . 8 0 )

( )

R,O f Pρ R,O,hR,O

ρ = ( 3 . 8 1 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ༑ศ ࡟ᑠࡉ ࠸ ࡓࡵ↓ どࡍ ࡿ 㸬

R 0

m = ( 3 . 8 2 )

㟁 Ꮚ ⭾ ᙇ ᘚ ࡢ ฟ ධ ཱྀ ቃ ⏺ ࡛ ࡢ ෭ ፹ ࡢ ≧ ែ ࡣ ḟ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

R,EEV,I R,I R,I R,I

G ⁼ρ v S ( 3 . 8 3 )

R,EEV,I R,I

P =P ( 3 . 8 4 )

R,EEV,I R,I

h =h ( 3 . 8 5 )

R,EEV,O R,O R,O R,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 8 6 )

R,EEV,O R,O

P =P ( 3 . 8 7 )

R,EEV,O R,O

h =h ( 3 . 8 8 )

F i g . 3 . 3 E l e c t r i c e x p a n s i o n v a l v e

3 . 7 . ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ

࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࢆ F i g . 3 . 4 ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬 ௬ ᐃ ஦ 㡯 ࢆ ௨ ୗ ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬 1 ) ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡣ 㞟 ୰ ᐃ ᩘ ⣔ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

2 ) ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ෆ ࡢ ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡣ ↓ ど ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

3 ) ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ෆ ࡟ ᾮ ෭ ፹ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ ࡍ ࡿ ሙ ྜ ࡟ ࡣ 㸪㣬 ࿴ ⵨ Ẽ ࡀ ὶ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡍ

ࡿ 㸬

㐃 ⥆ ࡢ ᘧ 㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡢ ᘧ 㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉ ⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ ࡟ ♧ ࡍ 㸬

R

R,O R,O R,O R,I R,I R,I 0

V d v S v S

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 8 9 )

R,O R

P =P ( 3 . 9 0 )

R,I R

P =P ( 3 . 9 1 )

(

)

R,O R,O R,O R,O R,I R,I R,I R,I 0

d u

V v h S v h S

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 9 2 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ 㸪 ஝ ࡁ ᗘ 㸪 ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R fρ P hR, R

ρ = ( 3 . 9 3 )

( )

R x R, R

x = f P h ( 3 . 9 4 )

( )

R u R, R

u = f P h ( 3 . 9 5 )

࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ෆ ࡢ ෭ ፹඘ ሸ㔞 ࡣ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ ࡜ య ✚ ࠿ ࡽ ⟬ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

R R

m =ρ V ( 3 . 9 6 )

ࡇ ࡇ࡛ 㸪 ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ෆ ࡟ ᾮ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ሙ ྜࡣ ෆ 㒊 ࡀ㐣⇕ ⵨ Ẽ ࡛‶ࡓ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚

࠸ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪㐣⇕ ⵨ Ẽ ࡀ ὶ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 ᾮ ෭ ፹ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿሙ ྜࡣ ࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ඲ య ࡜ ࡋ

࡚ 㣬 ࿴≧ ែ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪 㣬 ࿴ ⵨ Ẽ ࡀ ὶ ฟ ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬 㣬 ࿴ ⵨ Ẽ ࡢ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ

ࣝ ࣆ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

( )

R R

R,O

R,sat,VAP R

1.0 1.0

h x

h h x

⎧ =

=⎨⎩ < ( 3 . 9 7 )

( )

R,sat,VAP sat,h R

h = f P ( 3 . 9 8 )

࢔ ࢟ ࣗ ࣒ ࣞ ࣮ ࢱ ࡢ ฟ ධ ཱྀ༠ ఍ࡢ≧ ែࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

R,ACC,I R,I R,I R,I

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 9 9 )

R,ACC,I R,I

P =P ( 3 . 1 0 0 )

R,ACC,I R,I

h =h ( 3 . 1 0 1 )

R,ACC,O R,O R,O R,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 0 2 )

R,ACC,O R,O

P =P ( 3 . 1 0 3 )

R,ACC,O R,O

h =h ( 3 . 1 0 4 )

F i g . 3 . 4 A c c u m u l a t o r

3 . 8 . ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ

ᅄ ᪉ ᘚࢆ F i g . 3 . 5 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬 ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡣ 㧗 ᅽ ഃ ࡜ ప ᅽ ഃ ࡟ ศ ࠿ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㸬௬ᐃ ஦㡯

ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

1 ) ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡣ㞟 ୰ᐃ ᩘ⣔࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 2 ) ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡛ ࡢ ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡣ↓ どࡍ ࡿ

㧗 ᅽ ഃ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡢᘧ㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,HP

HPd R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,I R,HP,I R,HP,I 0

V v S v S

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 0 5 )

R,HP,I R,HP

P =P ( 3 . 1 0 6 )

R,HP,O R,HP

P =P ( 3 . 1 0 7 )

(

)

HP R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,I R,HP,I R,HP,I R,HP,I

d u

V v h S v h S Q

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 0 8 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ 㸪 ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ 㸪   ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R,HP fρ PR,HP,hR,HP

ρ = ( 3 . 1 0 9 )

( )

R,HP u R,HP, R,HP

u = f P h ( 3 . 1 1 0 )

( )

R,HP T R,HP, R,HP

T = f P h ( 3 . 1 1 1 )

ప ᅽ ഃ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ ࡢᘧ㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,LP

LPd R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,I R,LP,I R,LP,I 0

V v S v S

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 1 2 )

R,LP,I R,LP

P =P ( 3 . 1 1 3 )

R,:LP,O R,LP

P =P ( 3 . 1 1 4 )

(

)

LP R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,I R,LP,I R,LP,I R,LP,I

d u

V v h S v h S Q

dt

ρ +ρ −ρ = − ( 3 . 1 1 5 )

෭ ፹ ࡢ ᐦ ᗘ 㸪 ẚ ෆ 㒊 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ 㸪   ᗘ ࡣ ᅽ ຊ ࡜ ẚ ࢚ ࣥ ࢱ ࣝ ࣆ ࠿ ࡽ ồࡵࡿ 㸬

( )

R,LP fρ PR,LP,hR,LP

ρ = ( 3 . 1 1 6 )

( )

R,LP u R,LP, R,LP

u = f P h ( 3 . 1 1 7 )

( )

R,LP T R,LP, R,LP

T = f P h ( 3 . 1 1 8 )

ప ᅽ ഃ ࡜ 㧗 ᅽ ഃ ࡢ ஺ ᥮ ⇕ 㔞 ࡣ௨ ୗࡢᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ 㸬

(

)

Q=KA T −T ( 3 . 1 1 9 )

ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡛ ࡢ ෭ ፹ ಖ᭷㔞 ࡣ 㧗 ᅽ ഃ ࡜ ప ᅽ ഃ ࡢ ࿴ ࡜ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

R R,HP HP R,LP LP

m =ρ V +ρ V ( 3 . 1 2 0 )

ᅄ ᪉ ᘚ ࡛ ࡢ ฟ ධ ཱྀቃ⏺ ࡢ≧ ែ ࢆ ௨ ୗ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬

R,REV,HP,I R,HP,I R,HP,I R,HP,I

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 2 1 )

R,REV,HP,I R,HP,I

P =P ( 3 . 1 2 2 )

R,REV,HP,I R,HP,I

h =h ( 3 . 1 2 3 )

R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,O R,HP,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 2 4 )

R,REV,HP,O R,HP,O

P =P ( 3 . 1 2 5 )

R,REV,HP,O R,HP,O

h =h ( 3 . 1 2 6 )

R,REV,LP,I R,LP,I R,LP,I R,LP,I

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 2 7 )

R,REV,LP,I R,LP,I

P =P ( 3 . 1 2 8 )

R,REV,LP,I R,LP,I

h =h ( 3 . 1 2 9 )

R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,O R,LP,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 3 0 )

R,REV,LP,O R,LP,O

P =P ( 3 . 1 3 1 )

R,REV,LP,O R,LP,O

h =h ( 3 . 1 3 2 )

F i g . 3 . 5 R e v e r s i n g v a l v e

3 . 9 . ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ

ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢ ࣔ ࢹ ࣝࢆ F i g . 3 . 6 ࡟♧ࡍ 㸬௨ ୗ࡟௬ᐃ ஦㡯 ࢆ㏙ ࡭ ࡿ 1 ) ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢ య ✚ ὶ 㔞 ࡣ ᅇ ㌿ᩘ ࡟ ẚ౛ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

2 ) ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢᾘ ㈝㟁 ຊ ࡣᅇ ㌿ᩘ ࡢ 㛵 ᩘ ࡛⾲ࡍ 㸬

ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢ㐃⥆ ࡢᘧ㸪Ỉ⵨ Ẽ ࣂ ࣛ ࣥ ࢫ 㸪 ᅽ ຊ ᦆ ኻ 㸪 ࢚ ࢿ ࣝ ࢠ ࣮ ᪉⛬ ᘧ ࢆ ♧ࡍ 㸬

A,O A,Ov SA,O A,I A,Iv SA,I 0

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 3 3 )

A,O A,Ov XA,OSA,O A,I A,Iv XA,ISA,I 0

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 3 4 )

A,O A,I 0

P −P = ( 3 . 1 3 5 )

A,O A,O A,Ov h SA,O A,I A,I A,Iv h SA,I E

ρ −ρ = ( 3 . 1 3 6 )

ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢ య ✚ ὶ 㔞 ࡣᅇ ㌿ᩘ ࡟ ẚ౛ࡍ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ࡜ ࡍ ࡿ 㸬

A,I A,I n

2 v S C n

= π ( 3 . 1 3 7 )

ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢᾘ ㈝㟁 ຊ ࡣᅇ ㌿ᩘ ࡢ 㛵 ᩘ ࡢᙧ࡛⾲ࡍ 㸬

( )

E= fE n ( 3 . 1 3 8 )

ࣇ ࢓ ࣥ ࡢ ฟ ධ ཱྀቃ⏺ ࡛ ࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ ࡞ ࡿ 㸬

R,FAN,I R,I R,I R,I

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 3 9 )

R,FAN,I R,I

P =P ( 3 . 1 4 0 )

R,FAN,I R,FAN,I

h =h ( 3 . 1 4 1 )

R,FAN,O R,O R,O R,O

G =ρ v S ( 3 . 1 4 2 )

R,FAN,O R,O

P =P ( 3 . 1 4 3 )

R,FAN,O R,FAN,O

h =h ( 3 . 1 4 4 )

F i g . 3 . 6 F a n