[資料] ドマのLEGUM DELECTUS について（二）

(1)

[資料] ドマのLEGUM DELECTUS について（二）

その他のタイトル [Material] Engagement a LEGUM DELECTUS de Jean Domat (2)

著者岡徹

雑誌名關西大學法學論集

巻 65

号 4

ページ 1391‑1373

発行年 2015‑11‑12

URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/9621

(2)

翌坦奇くl-R~臣

□に

〔罵菜〕

ニャ Q LEGUM DELECTUS 旦でこ ¥‑‑'( 1 1) ‑1 ( 1 1 (1 1 1 l 兵 1)

亘

華

ギ令~I\ー~'praeiudicium,

praeiudicare~

晦

S 憮還む↓ 0 ;

ャ訃息⇒ャ;i-Q゜や菜心~'"心~;v('\全:.10;

\---'~\L-:.1tm<\---'r{-'.S

ベヘ

゜

‑ Primum de iis locis videamus, quibus praeiudicium alicui, aut iuri cuidam facere pro nocere, praeiudicium igitur pro damno,

(,‑;)

dispendio iactura recte dici ad unum omnes probare posse sibi¥i

出皿四

Quae quidem loca cum satis inter se conveniant, pauca, ex

(N)

quibus univesa ista ratio perspiciatur, explicata sufficient. Ita Ulipianus: ... . si maritus uxore denuntiante custodes miserit, nullum

praeiudicium sibi facit, i.e. nihil agit, quo minus liberum ipsi restet iudicium, utrum agnoscat partum, an neget. Licebit igitur ei

(er,)

partum editum ex se negare.

~- 1]11 匹が匹ミヤ:;

r-Q心全゜凶トー区K~~-?<ざAnm.

2 :1 攀全菜 ¥J:;

r‑Q

L. l. § . 11. deagn.velal . lib. [ =D. 25, 3, l,

11.]や~r-Q゜(..,,.) (叫

D. 25,

3~Rubrik豆'DE

AGNOSCENDIS ET ALENDIS LIBERIS VEL PARENTIBUS VEL PATRONIS VEL LIBERTIS

ゃ~r-Q゜

(3)

D . 25, 3, 1, 11. (Ulp. zanus ti bm tngensimo qua1"to ad edictum)

(t0) (c‑)

Quemadmodum per contrarium si maritus uxore denuntiante custodes miserit, nullum praeiudicium sibi facit . licebit igitur ei

(co)

partum editum ex se negare nee ei nocebit, quod ventrem custodierit: et ita Marcellus libro septimo digestorum scripsit: ait

enim, sive quis neget uxorem sive ex se praeganatem, sine praeiudicio recte mittet custodes, maxime si missurus id ipsum

(m)(S)

protestetur. (fL..

薬忠丑~¾廿豆匿~-'-i>r-Q)

ギ＇令""" 1¥ 一条示庄 ⇒ ¥‑':;

r‑Q

活 (Rti' 米条仕塞如叫{!,￠:!,

心さ

praeiudicium 琴飼

,....J

‑0 :;

心{'\~゜凶トー区幻茶

1]11 □ o ャ:;

r‑Q途中や

~r-Q゜ヤ⇔兵心,f只氾侶心~~r-Q

praeiudicium

ざキ令"""1¥‑E;咲写旦酪咽.Y,,0~'畔匂全←写涅匁全匁:;

, 疇嘔旦某送

ャ心全Sや~r-Q゜

ぐユ臼,

fJ E;~

択如翠岸

,....J¥‑':; ,￠:!, :;

゜

'.:L.. fY茶熙~,_j\J~

語ユ睾ニャ:;

r‑Q E; 豆~E;~拭や~r-Q゜（二）

D. 25, 3, 4. (Paulus libro secundo sententiarum)

ぼ）(~) (;:::) (~)

Necare videtur non tantum is qui partum praefocat, sed et is qui abicit et qui alimonia denegat et is qui publicis locis ほ） ( ~ ) misericordiae causa exponit, quam ipse non habet.

奎田添怒ゴリE;~

似

E;"'"",'¥ I卜~~11"\ー1ト"""-kー如痣宦め菜心゜

「舒 I 1 ITT ・ 111 ・臣（゜＜令全 K) 「足葵祉叶

"r‑Q,..\)豆’珊~-¾t,翠如憚盛和~r-Q~さ全ミや,¢:!,'v''器嫁ヤ憫~~椒如$!~ヤr-Q~~

丑おく :‑1

E; 寄志旦皿

(R

四訳豆淀('¥¥‑‑':; ,￠:!, :; 媒誤

S 芝如榮

‑Q\-'翠薇1'7'!-Q~

全:;

>\"゜」fJ菜~-'-i,菜~-ヤや旦缶華堂起旦惹嫁避豆世（臼）丑ぬ菜心-'-1,>\'-~

函 'I'<

r-Q~ 菜勾全＇坦似辺拳玉心田§ふ菜芯゜」

Girard/Senn~

~G'蒋否~~r-Q゜

"L'exposition des enfants nouveau‑nes fut aussi prohibee, d'apres !es uns des le temps des jurisconsultes classiques, d'apres

~

~f;'LEGUM DELECTUS

凶砂

( I I) 約

I

1 (1 1

I

1

千

0)

(4)

巨坦

:lliくf-R~臣ojr,

ぼ）

d'autres seulement vers !'Empire chretien."

リS以桜ユ栄茶~s::-'¾G-Yi,0!.1蒋笞め菜\J~s=-'D.

25, 3, 4 !.11 ]11 □

忍条~r-0゜

4

く臣

(1 1 11 < 兵）

"Un texte de Paul, Sent., 2, 24, 10, affirme positivement la prohibition; mais ii n'est pas tres probant parce qu ' il nous a

函

transmis seulment par le Digeste, 25, 3, De agnosc. lib., 4 . La loi inobservee dont parle Tertullien, Ad nat., 1, 15 , est

probablement la Joi royale de Denys (p. 150, n. 3). Cf. Mommsen, Droit p

如

nal, 2, pp. 332‑334, ou !'on trouvera aussi les textes

relatifs au droit de tuer !es nouveau‑nes, dont le droit d ' exposition est une consequence . Le premier texte sur, en sens contraire,

（忌）

est une constitution de Valentinien rer de !'an 374, C. , 9, 16, Ad leg . Corn. de sic., 7 (8). ……

C. 9, 16, 7 (8) ti¾,

や~i-0゜（応）

Imppp. Valentinianus Valens et Gratianus AAA.ad Probum pp. Si quis necandi infantis piaculum adgressus adgressave sit, sciat

索）

<~l ml se capitali supplicio esse puniendum . [a . 374]

（思）

Theodor Mommsen, Romisches Strafrecht, S. 619, Anm. 2 !.l D. 25, 3, 4 < G l] IIIT 認知的゜

l

「 D. 25, 3, 1, 11 G 似 G l I 疵桐 gtm

叫

ii 迎濯 gtmG per contrarium !10

S, \-'Honore~¾,G.1-6,\"'!.l令迭⇒芦心゜

" Per contrarium ('on the other hand'), which occurs twenty‑nine times in the Digest in texts of Ulpian and twice in Marcianus,

（芯）

an author whose style was influenced by Ulpian ' s, is used to make a contrast.

D. 25, 3, 1, 13

!.l.,p匡⇒悩廊条~i-0゜

Idem per contrarium quoque ait, si mulier divortio facto non fecerit ea, quae senatus consulto praecipiuntur, ut liceat patri non

agnoscere, non eo pertinere, ut filius natus suum se dicere non possit, sed ad id tantum, ut ita pater alere eum cogatur, si constiterit eum

filium esse. (~

涎さ匡ユ吋

t‑0)

岳

D. 25, 3, 1 , 11

E;'吾淀E;'~似や~!'Q

D. 25, 3, 1, 10~

全

praeiudicim

繹経出兵菜¥‑‑',:;.tざ

(5)

（葵）

D. 25, 3, 1, 10. Eleganter autem apud Iulianum libro nono decimo digestorum quaeritur, si intra dies trigenta mulier marito non

denuntiaverit et intra triginta partum ediderit, an senatus consultum cessare, quia de eo partu non videtur sentire, qui intra diem

trigesimum nascatur : quippe dies trigenta ad denuntiandum praestituit senatus. sed hanc rem non facere praeiudicium partui

啜）

arbitror. (¾

杜竺匿はサl'‑Q)

D. 25, 3, 1, 11

Q吾~Q

D. 25, 3, 1, 12

!.1妥

praeiudicim 繹罪造心菜ヤ印

‑00

Iulianus libro nono decimo digestorum scripsit: quod senatus consulto comprehensum est, si mulier viro denuntiaverit se ex eo

concepisse et is cui denuntiatum erit custodes ad ventrem custodiendum inspiciendumque non miserit neque contestato dixerit earn ex

se praegnatem non esse, ut ei id quod editum sit agnoscere sit necesse, non eo pertinet, ut, si quis agnoscere se filium diceret, suum

heredem haberet, quamvis ex alio conceptus sit: quandoque enim, inquit, coepit causa agi, grande praeiudicium adfert pro filio

confessio patris. (崎事五畠

ぐ~\Yさ'Nov.

117. C. 7. inf. (ば自 11‑llt)

如囲巽

⇒ ¥‑';

l'-Q゜l-\-1~閑\~⑯圃叫即飼荼~l'-Q閤宜1匁洲ぺ炉

Quod de alendis matre & filiis indigentibus definivimus, hoc quoque in omnibus ascendentibus, descentibusque personis utriusque

（忘）

naturae valere praecipimus.

釜王添認ゴ「……叩Ji‑0条踪回蕃迄憫や

S

号溢心

⇒ \---'~

黍や抽心抑G~雨~~崇ぬ菜心湿巌赳辻面華如茶王葉や抽心縣ぐ甘

竺榔⇒マ案◎心菜心匁二兵~~~心~;゜

⇒

全

⇒ ＇恕豆抵窯⇔砦苺

Q{!:QG塞帥全~;寄ぐロ

:.10;¥J'

拡煤心赳辻面華押茶語宝匁

⇒ ¥J

ffi\-晦心~;.1~諾_)'憐暇ti'挙辛葉<全川-<~~Gt-J-,如檸⇒心賽如ュゴやQ出茶皿令G~出ゃ‑%'i‑0全屯全旦

⇒

父茶0

¥‑‑‑''リ

菜心匁莉抽

S

忌ぐ口や昭諾益泄

Gl 活 ;.1 0 ;

\---'咄:.18:E涅避憫{!ti)a~避如益感ヤ心J心如粟製

⇒

心゜」（綜臣詞

1 11 1

賦）心忠，{心菜'

リ

S 似桜 S 栄 ;.1'Nov. 53, 6

(ば111ギ~)心担G

Nov. 117 (1‑R

臣

I 1

母）如；；；王初菜

¥J ;

i‑0゜

(ri) Anm. 1

全埒心゜

~t'>- (; LEGUM DELECTUS

⑰ 砂

( 1 I) 4 く

H=1

(1111 くく）

(6)

巨走

~~

くば痢国 rr¥t'

(N) Anm.

2条~.r::-'L.

1. §. 11. de agn. vet al. lib.

~

迦 l

知ゆ菜

¥J ; 心゜

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S. 116. i (i( (11 11< ギ）

げ） Heumann / Seckel G Agnoscere G 2) ti'= recognoscere, fur echt, wahr erkennen, anerkennen, z.B . … liberos, partum (tit. D. 25,

3)や~i-0゜

(i.n) Heumann/Seckel G Alere ざ…… insbes. jemandem Alimcnte, Unterhalt geben (I. 5 D. 25, 3. ……)や伶心゜ ( <.0) Heumann / Seckel G Maritus ざ Ehemann,

Gatteや~i-0゜怜求似S示旺ti.¢:.6;

0 ( r‑) Heumann/Seckel G Uxor ti'Ehefrau,

Ehegattinや~i-0゜

(oo) Heumann/Seckel G Custodire 豆 'bewachen, beaufsichtigen, bewahren, verwahren, …… ventrem, partum custod. (I. 1 §11 D . 25, 3. tit. C. 9, 4)

や埒炉

( m ) Lenel, Palingenesia II, S. 649 (981).

ぼ）

坦粧縄縦途ギl~臣愈＝賦は栞蚤（悩話米珀叫臣批迅引圭恕俎）茶~i-0゜「匡::.J-v'~

裳 !l' 淑茶帯赴口 ⇒

{!

G 心＇米茶繭暉

‑<如疫

0{!

寄ぐ口水 !l;

全.¢:.61-0~

葉ゃ虚灼心菜 .￠:̲1,;

゜や菜~,!'<!'出茶米全心ざ祖菜心匁;,\"tJ..lJ如屯器糾…心J心~-米ユ溢初菜心゜⇒全~-由誤如寄鰹1"'i-0

1"' 心

J

心全米は訓 n 如血 1'<

i-0妥Sやti.¢:.6;0~⇒ャ~~~~KKさ,

¾, G

.Lt'"

!l, 坦甜 t+<

＜咀朕ギ~!l

̲̲) i‑0

__)ャ;i-0゜1"'.¢:.6兵心＇挙竺祖崇ヤ心゜~i-0抑茶［南甘口⇒{!~

条］椒や .￠:.6;

..lJ即貼ふ~'"心’皿中全心翠淫⇒

{!

G や .￠:̲1,;. 叫如製 ⇒ 丑'"刈＇互全 .¢:.6-v' 玉罰は盛輯炉③衰心 J心全や抽心゜卜 J匁 !l'~~ 痕心←心̲̲) ¥‑‑‑''踪筈如丑 ⇒ 心勾

抽さ他でや~i-0゜」（迩薬竺匡!l.Lt

i‑0)

( :=: ) Lene!, Palingenesia I, S. 1298 (1972).

ぼ） Necare G Heumann/Seckel 釘翡戸 toten や＇怜母似心勾茶忘王や菜ヤ ;i‑0 ゜

ぼ） Heumann / Seckel G Praef ocare

ざ

ersticken, erwtirgen: praef. (perf. F . ) partum (I. 4 D. 25,

3)や~i-0゜

( ;:!:) Heumann / Seckel G Abicere G 3)

ざ

entfernen, wegschaffen : partum abi . wird in I. 4 D. 25, 3 von publicis locis exponere unterschieden, so daB jenes das heimliche Wegschaffen eines Kindes an einen versteckten Ort bezeichnet. や伶

心゜

ぼ） Heumann / Seckel G Alimonia 豆 'Ernahrung, Unterhaltung, z.B. infantium (I. 1§14 D. 50,

13)や~i-0゜怜緑似S示旺

(7)

竺{ft;0

ぼ）

Heumann/Seckel~MisericordiaざErbarmen,

Mitleid, z.B. qui publicis locis misericordiae causa exponit (partum),

quam 1pse non habet, necare videtur (1. 4 D. 25, 3 echt ?)

や~t-(6゜

(s::;) 囚 ‑‑<'..1, tt,

如誕涎ヤ心如~:t:-や-0--翠礫V't-(6抑全＇即疇如辛知V't-(6抽ぷ如環且{[[[(R血峠全い知遭苺譴

ヤ拙

.,;J,

[rt, 如］足硲ヤ全 S

匁r{‑{ft

ぬ菜心゜」（組峠輝淀翠・と直）

（臼）

「ロート坦．撼臣痢』

I gr 1 I

}!Ill(・栄(~

く）゜至王塞廿

E『ロード坦』仁梨翌

・ 11 <

I賦益}L-~\産゜

ぼ） P . 153.

環） N. 3.

（芍） Heumann/Seckel~Piaculum'..12) zu si.ihnendes U nrecht, Verbrechen, Stinde …… necandi infantis piac. (1. 8 C. 9, 16)

..lJ~t-(6゜

啜） Heumann/Seckel~Adgressio, adgressura, adgressus :L gewaltsamer Angriff, Anf all eines Raubers oder Morders

心

~t-(6゜怜求似S示圧さ{ft;

゜

ぼ） Heumann/Seckel~Supplicium $産゜

（芯），， Wer die Stinde eines Kindesmordes begangen hat, er sei Mann oder W eib, soil wissen, class ihn Capitalstrafe treffe ."

(Bd . 6, S. 344. Carl Friedlich Ferdinand Sintenis)

頃） Kaser, RP II, S.

204~\産゜

ぼ） Duncker & Humblot, 1899 .

（芯） Tony Honore, Ulpian, Pioneer of Human Rights, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 2002, p . 49 .

（苺） "The same writers feature in the profile of eleganter. Ulpian is a neat and lucid, rather than an elegant, writer, but he

admired elegance. He uses the adverb in 39 texts of the 42 in which it occurs in the Digest, there being also two

instances in Gaius and one in Marcianus." (Honore, Ulpian, p. 72 . )

（要）坦粧纏唇縦途や l

疵］巨

I ajt,

1=a迦~o

( 0) D. 25, 3, 1, 15. Ex his apparet, ・ s1ve uxor om1sent, quae earn ex senatus consulto observare oportuit, nihil praeiudicare

;.LI'>‑

E;

LEGUM DELECTUS

⑰ 砂

( I 1) ‑1(

ギ

(1 111 <1()

(8)

巨坦~i(ば都臣rr\r,

i (< (1111 < 洪）

filio, si filius est, non tantum divi Pii rescriptum : sive maritus neglexerit facere, quae ex senatus consulto debet, natum cogitur omnimodo alere, ceterum recusare poterit￡ilium. (招印耳呈

:2.l‑1¥r‑Q)

（ぢ），， Was Wir aber tiber die Ernahrung der Mutter und der bedtirftigen Kinder verftigt haben, Das, befehlen Wir, soil auch bei alien Adscendenten und Descendenten beiderlei Geschlechts gelten." (Bd. 7, S . 552. Robert Schneider)

(rl) ～・キ~'t-1\-G'縄忍f;~f;話令如~\-.Ir{'.l‑1¥ , ¥'‑゜(N)

Et idem alio loco Ul pi anus : Si inter magistratus hoc convenerit, ut alterius tan tum periculo tutores darentur: conveJJtio-r;.~s pupillo

(M)(....)

non praeiudicare , i.e. iudicium pupilli non praeoccupare, non obesse, quo minus integra sit pupilli electio . Et Macer : Saepe

co nstitutum est, res inter alios iudicatas aliis non praeiudica, ・ e, i.e. sententiam iudicis in alia caussa de iis ferendam non praeoccupare .

Et ita omnia huius generis loca explicanda esse censeo, ut ad futuram iudicis sententiam aliusve personae iudicium arbitriumque

illarum vocum usus referatur. Quod cum iam ea, quam supra tradidi, praeiudicii significatione contineatur, nihil in his inest locis,

quod novam et ab illa diversam admittere iubeat: alia hanc in rem proferenda essent loca , qui bus aut fur domino praeiudicare, aut

incendio, naufragio vel animantis morte praeiudicium contineri deceretur .

ゞ 1]11

咋砂菜ヤ;r‑Q令全゜凶トー区

K

G'~-P<ざAnm.

1

:2攀全菜

¥‑.I;

r‑Q

L. l. §. 9. de magistr.conven. [ = D. 27, 8, 1,

9.]や~r-Q゜(L!))

D. 27, 8 G'Rubrik

ざ

DE MAGISTRATIBUS CONVENIDENDIS

や知炉(<D)

D. 27, 8, 1 , 9 . (Ulpianus libro t

ガ

gesimo sexto ad edictum)

Si inter magistratus hoc convenerit, ut alterius tantum periculo tutores darentur, conventiones pupillo non praeiuclicare divus

(c‑‑)

Hadrianus rescripsit : conventione enim duumvirorum ius publicum mutari non potest. prius tamen arbitror conveniendum

eum, qui hoc suscepit, deinde excussis facultatibus eius tune veniendum ad collegam, quemadmodum, si sol us dedisset, diceremus

prius eum, deinde collegam adgrediendum. ( ¾

廿さ匿:2.l‑1¥r‑Q)

(9)

(00)

ロ. tJQ~ 奴 Q praeiudicare Q'.'..L

"<::-~

晦峯 (Robert Schneider/C. E. Otto) 竺 Nachtheil

bringeや~r,Q゜1"'-¢i>兵心＇烹餅n匁全←(a,) 葉詣ぐ勾如全心心ヤA.):;,疇凄や~r,Q゜

釜田添認~-

<‑‑1 坦心函坦 S

翌晦如縄Llr-Q華~u~:;\J'リQ~択如不正ぬ菜心゜

「゜＜゜凶

I¥

t°'‑‑‑区

k

ざ「

<‑‑1

迅投睦‑<巨

S 函嵌 U‑'‑f, 0 ¥‑‑'長咄圏ヤ心

JAJ投や抽‑￠!,

:;」心:; :; ,

{"¥全゜凶卜区

K

.,;J'「垣‑<巨

Q ぐ口枷辻認坦旦

拳玉如呉＾没心

JA.)竺‑￠!,

:;」匁 ⇒ ,

~Q華＇瞑避・学王盗窓・郵喘．姦蒜堂菜・~~

・王諧約ユ翌ヤ心薬製忍璃

A.)...)

ヤ l

恰和菜r,Q0

」

S活(RE;-栄旦翠姦Q~t,<茶忘9E,¥(J菜,fパ託認全忘王ぬ菜

¥J :;

i,Q

( 翠 l 網

1

l O

llIIK~fL-)゜

ドー牛ー拉¾Q.l-f,,r'U疸''<

¥J :;

i,Q

゜

(S)

,, Mit den beiden Bedeutungen des Begriffspaars bertihrt sich die Regel publicum ius privatorum pactis mutari non potest . "

(;:::::)

tJQ~

中S栄旦翠姦Q~奴茶示王ぬ菜卜）

Q~

似デ忘庄ぬ菜ャ:;i,Q

゜

(~) ぐ:.L~ざ

D. 27, 7 [=DE FIDEJUSSORIBUS, & nominatoribus, & heredibus tutorum & curatorum] 吐翠岸 ⇒ ヤ:;

i,Q

゜

憫ば D. 27, 9 [ = DE REBUS EORUM QUI SUB tutela vel cura sunt, sine decreto non alienandis, vel supponendis]

.,;J

翠羊 ⇒ ャ塁。

亡菜勾ぷ匡抽S廿室~D.

27, 8 竺翠弄 ⇒ ャ:;

..;:f, :; 0

11・ ¾-:.1 Macer~~

似如~\Jr{丑I\"゜キ令"""I\一条l\ll[I忍⇒ャ;i--0忙ふ~~~

奴ざ Anm . 2 直

Ill

全菜ヤ;

i‑‑0

L. 63. de re iudicata . [ = D. 42, 1,

63.]や~i--0゜(::!:)

D. 42,

1~RubrikゴDE

RE IUDICATA ET DE EFFECTU SENTENTIARUM ET DE INTERLOCUTIONIBUS

ゃ命心゜ぼ）(~)

D. 42, 1, 63 . (Macer libro secundo de app

心

tionibus)

Saepe constitutum est res inter alios iudicatas aliis non praeiudicare. quod tamen quandam distinctionem habet : nam

sententia inter alios dicta aliis quibusdam etiam scientibus obest, quibusdam vero, etiamsi contra ipsos iudicatum sit, nihil nocet.

::t̲̲

t'r~LEGUM DELECTUS

凶砂

(I 1)

-1(~(1111<自）

(10)

巨坦綜

1(¥‑R

都臣

rrjt, ギ 0 (1 1 11< 1 11)

nam scientibus nihil praeiudicat, veluti si ex duobus heredibus debitoris alter condemnatur: nam alteri integra defensio est,

etiamsi cum coherede suo agi scierit. item si ex duobus petitoribus alter victus adquieverit, alterius petitioni non praeiudicatur:

idque ita rescriptum est. scientibus sententia, quae inter alios data est, obest, cum quis de ea re, cuius actio vel defensio primum

sibi competit, sequentem agere patiatur, veluti si creditor experiri passus sit debitorem de proprietate pignoris, aut maritus

socerum vel uxorem de proprietate rei in dote acceptae, aut possessor venditorem de proprietate rei emptae : et haec ita ex multis

constitutionibus intellegenda sunt. cur autem his quidem scientia nocet, superioribus vero non nocet, illa ratio est, quod qui scit

coheredem suum agere, prohibere eum, quo minus uti velit propria actione vel defensione utatur, non potest: is vero, qui priorem

dominum defendere causam patitur, ideo propter scientiam praescriptione rei quamvis inter alios iudicatae summovetur, quia ex

voluntate eius de iure, quod ex persona agentis habuit, iudicatum est. nam et si libertus meus me interveniente servus vel

「 b 1 ertus a terms iud1cetur, m1h1 praemd1catur. d . 1versa causa est, s1 fundum a te T1tms petlent, quem ego quoque, sed non ex

persona Titii ad me pertinere dico : nam quamvis contra Titium me sciente iudicatum sit, nullum tamen praeiudicium patior, quia

neque ex eo iure, quo Titius victus est, vindico, neque potui Titio intercedere, quo minus iure suo utatur, sicuti et de coherede

supra diximus . (¾

廿さ室ユ丑1‑Q)(S:;)

*. ~t'Y E;; D. 42, 1, 63 E;;

巨幽活令竺封や~1-Q゜

Saepe constitutum est, res inter alios judicatas aliis non pr

ぉ

judicare. 1. 63. Toto titulo C. quib. res. jud. n. noc . & tit . C. inter al. act .

vei jud. al. n. noc.

リ

S

ギ入1卜，ヽベ竺＇担

E;'Macer E;'~

似釘誌如麟や伶心゜

C. 7, 56 E;'Rubrik

ざ

QUIBUS RES IUDICATA NON

NOCETや~f'Q゜

C. 7, 60 E;'Rubrik ti'INTER ALIOS ACTA VEL IUDICATA ALIIS NON NOCERE.

や~f'Q゜

(11)

っ゜

ドマの

L E

G U

M D

E L

E C

T U

S について

︵二︶

C o d e x

の条文は

R u b r i k

だけがドマによって選択されている ︒

C .

7 , 56

の条文は︑別の文脈で本誌前号に引用したので︑参照されたい ︒

また

︑

C .

7 , 56

および

C .

7, 60

の条文について︑後に

︵後出卜以下︶詳しく論じる ︒

(1 8

)︵

・へ

1 9 )

K e l l e r が ︑

D .

4 21, ,

63

について論じている ︒

﹁条文の全体は︑われわれもまた強調したところの単純な原則︑すなわち︑既判力ある判決が関係し拘束するのは訴訟当事

者だけであって︑第三者ではないという原則から出発しており︑そして︑われわれは︑

七

ら導くということを知るだけではなく︑それが一般的にも個別的適用においても皇帝の勅法によっても明示的に定められてい

(

すなわち︑よりたということを知るのである条文全体の固有の目的および主たる内容は︑今や次の点に存するのである ︒ ︒

2 0 )

詳細な一定の規定および修正がもたらされるということ︑および︑このことにてらして異なるさまざまな事例を相互に比較し︑

また対比させるということである ︒

1

これは︑ある場合には原則が厳格に適用され︑これに対して他の場合には一種の例外

が定められる︑という意味においてである︒どのような種類および形式で法律家がこの対比を一般的に表現し︑そして導入し

たか︑ということについて大きな疑いがあり︑そして私は︑次の理由から︑あえてご疋の判断を表明する勇気がない ︒ すなわ

ち︑外的な権威に支えられた読み方のあらゆるものは︑︑重要な内的な理由をそれ自体に対立するものとして持つように思われ︑

また︑さまざまな憶測は︑十分な︑あるいは何らかの外的な理由をそれ自体のために持つことは決してない︑という理由から

(

である﹂ ︒

2 1 )

ケッラーは︑さらに続けて︑ 具体的に詳しく検討している ︒

( A

n m .

9 ‑

ー

A

n m .

20

)

︑

T e x t k r i t

i k などを行っている ( D また︑ケッラーは︑右の条文 ︒ .

4 21 , ,

63

)

に多くの注を付けて

( 2 2 )

ト .

H o n o r e

が

C .

7 , 56

および

C .

7 , 60

について論じているので︑これについて︑また︑これに関連する問題について見てみよ

︵一三

八二︶ローマ人たちがこの規則を事の本質か

(12)

翌坦抵 4 く洪痢自 ti lt'

C. 7, 56~Rubrik~'QUIBUS RES IUD I CAT A NON

NOCETや~!'(a゜（筵）

Karl Hackl 呆 nocet (nocere)~

窒剖̲)

¥‑J ;jj

唇Ll

¥‑J :;,

i‑Q

゜ギ 11 (1 1 11 < 1)

(~)

)) …… Eine schillernde Bedeutung nimmt die Regel ,res inter alias iudicatas aliis non praeiudicare'(vgl. Macer D .

42, 1,

63 und

ofter) ein. Es ist dabei sowhl an eine vorhergehende Entscheidung und deren Auswirkung auf ein folgendes Verfahren wie

auch an die Bedeutung von Nachteil zu denken. Bei den spateren Kaisern und insbes. bei Justinian wird darunter nur noch

, Nachteil'verstanden, was sich in der wechselweisen Verwendung von ,praeiudicare ' und , nocere'oder ,obesse ' ausdrtickt : V gl.

die Titeltiberschriften C.

7,

56 und

7,

60 . Weitere Belege bei Planck

192

A. 31￡ . ……

ぼ）

C. 7, 56. 1~0 :; ゃ °

C. 7 , 56 .

1.

Imp. Al ex ander A. Masculino. Si neque mandasti fratri tuo defensionem rei tuae neque quod gestum est ratum habuisti,

praescriptio rei iudicatae tibi non oberit. et ideo non prohiberis causam tuam agere sine praeiudicio rerum iudicatarum. PP.

(~) (芯）

non.Ma i. Ale x andro A.cons . [a.

222]

( 臼薬年記知事と咽）

啜）

Honore 豆,

f J

菜如樹至 ⇒ ャ:;

r‑Q

゜

Honore

さ,tJ E;;~ 奴茶てぶ，ヽI卜~0~.¢:f,砥感や~r-Q心\]11□oャ:;r‑Q

゜

（笈）

" Note the pedantic , almost tautologous repetition of legal principle in the last sentence. "

r‑¥‑1

E;; ~ 声咎刈,...̲)

¥J'Honore

ざ

"No. 6 favours the structure in which the facts are given first, then the legal principle and finally the

s olution, as in: "心令迭,...̲) ¥J :;

r‑Q

゜

tJ菜

ti, ¾-

E;;

幽獣忌幽匡 S

廿旦坦睾や士心菜

¥J :;

r‑Q

゜

…… There follows a gap in the record until 3 February

222,

by which time Alexander had been made Caesar alongside

Elagabal as Augustus . Three dated CJ rescripts of this transitional period, along with another twenty‑three of Alexander ' s

(13)

(g)

early reign, and one from another source, make up the corpus of dated rescripts of no. 6. ……

Honore ゴ憫ば "The drafter is overfond of repeating sounds, as in si ... in possessione ... fuistis, dominium adquisistis,

(※）

or,

still worse, id pactum male fide factum irritum est."

(※辻互!.1~i-Q)心令迭ヤ心゜(;;:;) ※S活＜立栄茶~s::--'"CJ

4 . 50 . 2 (20 March 222) cf 7. 64. 1 (25 March 222: dicitis/contenditis); 7. 56. 1 (7 May 222: mandasti /

habuistz); 7. 8 . 4 (10 May 222:

fuisti/potuistz)"叫~i-Q゜

CJ 4. 50.

2竺'¾-や~i-Q゜

Imp. Alexander A. Septimae. Si emancipates vobis fundos, quos nomine vestro, cum in potestate ageretis, pater emerat, tradidit vel

in posseissione eorum voluntate patris fuistis, dominium adquisistis . ( ~

薬豆匡旦廿i‑0)

祖心

'still worse

...lJ淀挺和菜\--'~!-OE;'さ'~QC.

2. 3.

8や~i-0゜

Imp. Alexander A. Aurelio Dionysio . Cum, posteaquam adversarius matris tuae victus esset, matrem tuam circumvenerit, ut ei

caveret nullam se controversiam de servis moturam, id pactum mala fide factum irritum est, et cum ex ea conventione cum matre tua

啜）

agi coeperit, iudex eam liberabit. PP. prid. id. Sept. Alexandro A.cons . [a. 222] ( ¥L‑

薬豆＇匿旦吋

l'Q)

啜）

Honore ゴ要 S 密善

III

( Ulpian )

;.1;,q;\--''¾E;-.l--6,\"":.l疸''<'リG'~択如示庄,...)

¥‑‑'ニ心゜

" These two texts do, however, have affinities of style with the rescripts of March to October 222, when Ulpian was prefect of

supply and later praetorian prefect to Alexander. The composer of these rescripts, my secretary no. 6, favours assonances with

sibilant sounds, like the esset, gessisset of D. 40. 1. 34 . 1. Rescripts of this period have the sequences fuistis .. . adquisistis ,

dicitis ... contenditis, mandasti ... habuisti, fuisti .. . potuist i, consensisti ... amisisti, and, from the overlap period between no. 6

（苫）

and his successor no. 7, curastis, gessistis ... potestis. …… " ( }L‑

薬也国旦

.l‑‑6 l'Q )

C . 7, 56. 2 U 0~

や

~I'>-~LEGUM DELECTUS

凶砂

(I 1) ギ 111 (1111 < 0)

(14)

巨坦 ~-1(k=1~

臣口に

ギ臣 ( 1

1 I

1 ギ兵）

C. 7, 56. 2. Imp. Gordianus A. Athenio. Res inter alios iudicatae neque emolumentum adferre his, qui iudicio non interfuerunt,

neque praeiudicium solent inrogare. ideoque nepti tuae praeiudicare non potest, quod adversus coheredem eius iudicatum est, si nihil

(~)

adversus ipsam statutum est. PP v id. Jul. Gordiano A.et Aviola conss. [a. 239] (¾

廿さ匿~-'-iit-.Q)

リQ~

似ユ窒到̲)

\-''Hacklさ¾-Q.1-;j,("'~忠'~\-';t‑,Q

゜

"…… Gegen die ausschlieBliche Zuweisung des als allgemeine Regel gefaBten Satzes ,res inter alios iudicatae nullum aliis

ぼ）

praeiudicium faciunt'(vgl. auch Macer D. 42, 1, 63 und Gord . C. 7, 56, 2) zum Kognitionsverfahren s. zu Recht Kaser RZ 293 A 34

（お）

und Pugliese, St. Biondi 2, Mailand 1966, 157 A 37 ; … （臼器坦に咽）

Honore

ざ

"If CJ 5 . 70 . 2 is assigned to December rather than January 238 this yields a tenure for no. 12 running from 21 March

（惹）

238 to 1 July 241 and consisting of 173 dated CJ rescripts

(※）

and two from other sources ." ( ※四匡 ~-'-iit-.Q) 心卑 '~\-'母 .c--' ※苺中 e

海）

栄は共; ¥‑''C . 7 . 56. 2 (11

July)吝ゃe華Q~奴匁心-,.;J~忘王ゆ菜ヤ;t‑.Q

゜

C. 7, 56, 3 !.1 0~

~

゜

Impp. Diocletianus et A1aximianus AA. Honorato. Iuris manifestissimi est et in accusationibus his, qui congressi iudicio non sunt,

officere non posse, si quid forte praeiudicii videatur oblatum. PP XIII! k. Sept. Basso et Quintiano conss. [a. 289] (¾ 廿祖サも←

薬岱室旦丑t‑,Q)

Honore ti'Emperors and Lawyers (~

忌翠釦）~~;ヤ＇怜求似~M回1]11諮$_)\--心心゜

" Thirty‑four of the 1, 295 CJ laws are patently letters or parts of letters addressed to officials

(※）,

one is part of a judgement,

(~)

two are extrajudicial oral pronouncements, and five are parts of edicts . "

(※竺室ユサt‑,Q)(::;;:) ※

e 話令 e 母ユ為ニャ,

iJ Q~

似茶 C. 9. 2 .

9匁心-,.;J~不旺初菜¥‑';

tsQ ° C. 9. 2. 9~

翌

̲)¥J 豆,

~f-如摘苗切J菜心二゜(~)

" Another fifty‑four are parts of rescripts originally joined but which the editors of the codes have separated."

(15)

(~) リS似咲S坦~.w;

ヤ 'C . 7. 56. 3‑9. 2. 9

匁示

HE)({J 菜ャ;

1‑Q

゜匡求似 S 似藻拉,

,.,;J心豆1~や~0心S茶＇坦華譴撼抽~~

華 ⇒

.{..!

(have separated )

.lJ

蒋宦和菜 ¥J;i‑Q ゜

Liebs

ざ，，

Diocl . 289 CJ 7, 56, 3 betrifft die Konkurrenz mehrerer Anklager wegen verschiedener Delikte, s. CJ 9, 2, 9 aus dem

(~)

gleichen Reskript " 匁攀ニャニ心゜

C. 9. 2. 9. Exemplum sacrarum litterarum Diocletiani et Maximiani AA. Honorato. Qui de crimine publico in accusationem

deductus est, ab alio super eodem crimine def erri non potest. 1. Si tam en ex eodem facto plurima crimina nascuntur et de uno

crimine in accusationem fuerit deductus, de altero non prohibetur ab alio def erri. 2. Iudex au tern super utroque crimine audientiam

acommodabit: nee enim licebit ei separatim de uno crimine sententiam proferre, priusquam plenissima examinatio super altero

quoque crimine fiet . PP. XIIII k. Sept. Basso et Quintiano conss . [a. 289]

f J

Q~-J:,<~0 .:; ¥‑‑''Theodor Mommsen, R

如

misches Strafrecht, 1899 知纏

Ll¥‑‑'̲:; 1‑Q

゜

C. 9, 2, 9, 1~0 ;

¥‑‑'ざ

S. 889 f.

や~i-Q°C.

9, 2, 9, 2~0 ; ¥‑‑'豆 'S . 378 f .

や~i-Q゜苗捉掛器ぐ口は翌剖1"'1-Q臣匿や~s:::-'~~

翠ぐ

fJ心~1"'1-Q゜

Honore

ざ

C. 7, 56, 3 旦 0 .:; 化 K,Q

坦臼澤燕̲̲)¥‑‑'; 1‑Q

゜

… Superlatives of certainty are a mark of this tenure . Thus we find absoluti / ‑issimi, certissimi, evidentis / ‑issimi, notissimi,

(~)

and manifestissimi iuris est and ……

ぼ）1"'.<::ft兵心

'manifestissimi 茶旺 3

心菜ヤ;1-Q心;,01JAJや~i-Q゜

室Q~似Q~

辺, K,

や~i-Q゜

C. 5, 12, 20. lmpp. Diocletianus et Maximianus AA . et CC. Tiberio. Pro oneribus matrimonii mariti lucro fructus dotis totius

esse , quos ipse cepit, vel, si uxori capere donationis causa permisit, eum in quantum locupletior facta est posse agere manifestissimi

'.:L.

t'r~LEGUM DELECTUS

凶砂

(1 I)

ギ

k=1 (1 11 1 や< )

(16)

匡坦綜KI-R~臣

□に

ギ~((1111~や）

iuris est. D. v k. Mai. Sirmi CC. conss.

C. 7, 56. 4.

C. 7, 56, 4 . Idem AA. et CC. Sote

ガ

ano . N

・

b . • d" ec m s1m1 1 negot10 res mter a 10s actas a sent! praem 1care saepe const1tutum est . S.

Ill k. Dec. CC. conss. [a. 294]

(-K廿豆室~~i-0)

Honoreゴ~(;;~,\'~器宦

⇒ ¥‑'; i‑0 ゜

" For 294 the eastern chancery provides 479 rescripts in CJ (

※）

and eleven from other sources, all apparently attributable to no .

20."

(※豆宝.!1~

遠）

※

S

苺令

S

栄

.!1 C. 7, 56, 4 (29 Nov.)

全示正和菜ヤ宣0

29 Nov. 心蜻

Ill全菜¥‑';

i‑0 G~

塚.!1~t-0匁／い砂ti;€'i-0゜

祖心

'Honore ざ忌 S

臨宦や,~G~'".!1痣宦⇒

¥‑'; i‑0 ゜

（宮）

"What has often been laid down (saepe constitutum / a) or has prevailed (obtinuit) must be respected. "

1"'~

兵心

'saepe constitutum/ a 這知知詔炉

J

知這叩か芦゜幸讀硲匿露：野菜さ翠砂砂砂゜

C. 7, 53, 9 . lmpp. Diocletianus et Maximianus AA . et CC. Glyconi. Eos, quos debitores tuos esse contendis, apud rectorem

conveni provinciae, qui, sive confessi debitum sive negantes et convicti fuerint condemnati nec intra statutum spatium solutioni

satisfecerint, cum latae sententiae pignoribus etiam captis ac distractis secundum ea quae saepe constituta sunt meruerunt

exsecutionem, iuris formam tibi custodiet . S. non. Nov. CC. conss. [a . 294] ( ~

薬豆匡.!1~i-0)

( .‑‑i ) s. 116‑117.

( N )

リリユ坦茶~:;;;;-.

( S. 117, Anm . 1 ) 'L.

1.

§ . 9 . de magistr. conven. 茶迦 l

知め菜

¥J;r‑Q ゜

( M )

リリユ栄茶~:;;;;-.

(S . 117, Anm . 1)'L. 63. de re iudicata. 全把 l

知和菜

¥J;

心゜

( ‑s:t' ) ,,Aemilius Macer. Der Name dieses J uristen , <lessen Werks unter Caracalla und Alexander Severus entstanden sind,

(17)

findet sich bei einer senatorischen Familie wieder, die sich von der Zeit des Pius bis ins dritte Jahrhundert verfolgen laBt ;

ihr altestes Glied scheint M. Aemilius Macer , leg. Aug. pr. pr. cos. design., zu sein, der auf einer Inschrift von Timgad aus

dem Jahre 144 n . Chr. (?) begegnet ……. " (Kunkel,Die Romische Juristen, Herkunft und soziale Stellung, 2001, Bohlau

Verlag, S . 256 f.)

,, Dass Aemilius Macer nicht in Rom, sondern in der Provinz schrieb, habe ich 1976 dargetan. Der Pandektenjurist

schrieb zwischen 210 und 235 n. Chr . fonf Monografien von je zwei libri: Publicorum, De officio praesides 、 Ad legem

vicesimae hereditatium (nach 217), De re militari und De appellationibus (zwischen 230 und 235). …………

(Liebs,Romische J urisprudenz in Africa, Zweite neu bearbeitete Auflage, Dunker & Humblot・Berlin, 2005, S. 38 f. 臼薬

さ室 !1.1‑61'‑Q )

" Macer probably also belongs to the Sabinian mass , which has eight of his 10 books. They include his two books each

of publica iudicia,de officio praesides, de appelationibu s, and de 1・e militari." (Tony Honore, Justinian's Digest: Character

and Compilation, Odm 廿 University Press, 2010, p . 55‑56. fL‑‑

蓬竺匿旦吋t,Q)

,,Auch Aemilius Macer, aus seit dem 2. Jh. in Africa nachweisbar senator i scher Familie und also vielleicht in hohen

Amtern, schrieb seit Caracalla fonf publizistische Monographien in je zwei Buchern : de publicis iudiciis , ad legem

vices i mam hereditatum, de officio praesides (mit auffallendem Titel, ……)， de re militari und de appletaionibus. Das

wenige Uberlieferte gestattet keine Charakteristik des thematisch i nteressanten und zeitgemaBen Oeuvres . "

(Wieacker/Wolf, Romische Rechtsgeschichte, Zweiter Abschnitt, C. H. Beck, Mi.inchen, 2006 , S . 145 . fL‑‑

薬坦匡山が

Q )

( u; )

~ 忌寂活至さ＇「論め心菜心'(抽溢~-0皿旦0

:;

~」（撼ギ兵翠1a屈ー寓）や~t,Q゜

( (.C) ) Lenel , Palingenesia II , S. 67 4 (1038) .

( c.‑‑ ) Heumann / Seckel G Duumviri

G醤宦竺％や~l'Q0

Duumvirn, die beiden obersten Magistrate in den Munizipien , die

reg1erenden Btirgerme1ster, denen u.a. die Leitung der stadtischen Verwaltung, der Vorsitz im Stadtrat, das Recht der

Protokollaufnahme und die Jurisdiktion in Bagatellsachen (aber nicht das imperium, I. 26§1 D. 50 ,

1.

I. 4 D . 2, 1) zustand ;

sie wurden jahrlich aus den Dekurionen (I. 7§2 D. 50, 2) vom Volke (I. 1 C. Th. 12 , 5) oder zumeist von den Dekurionen

~ ~Q

LEGUM DELECTUS

⑰ 砂

( 1 1) ギギ (1 111 キ叶く）

(18)

巨坦

:lllR~(ftj~

自食ギ< (1111 キ甘）

(I. 46 C. 10, 31) gewahlt (I. 6§1 D. 3, 4. I. 1§9 D. 27, 8. I. 35§1 D. 44, 7. I. 52§12 D. 47, 2. I. 13§5 D. 47, 10. I. 9 C. 6, 9. I.

3 C. 11, 36).

怜怨似茶忘王ぬ菜ヤ:;.~

゜

傘王「ロート坦.

~ITT~』

1 111 ば罠出 (1

0)~\鹿゜

( oo) Bd. 2, S . 986.

( O') )

~ 忌翠エ怜晦峯竺「売冊11如ヰペ心」や~~(振翠＝寓）゜

ぼ） Kaser, RP I, S. 198.

(~) Anm. 36.

(~) P. 361‑362. 心） P. 362‑364.

( ;::!::) Von der [rechtskraftig] abgeurtheilten Sache, der Wirkung der Urtheile und den Zwischenerkenntnissen. (Georg Carl

Treischke: Bd. 4. S . 346 . )

ぼ） Kaser/Hackl, ZP

ざ

S. 378, Anm. 29, S. 379, Anm. 34, S. 382, Anm. 56, S. 382, Anm . 58, S. 382, Anm. 59, S. 482, Anm.

32, S. 487, Anm . 19, S. 500, Anm.

52~-怜区'S.

499, Anm. 41, S. 500, Anm. 47~.;q:;. \J'}J~~

拭如

nnBF̲̲:i ヤか ‑0 0

ぼ） Girard/Senn, op. cit, p. 1094, n. 1 翁産゜

(~) P. 579.

（臼） F. L. Keller, Ueber Litis Contestation und Urtheil nach classischem Romischem Recht, Zurich, GeBner'sche

Buchhandlung, 1827.

ぼ） Kaser/Hackl, ZP, S. 378, Anm . 30~Keller~ 榔細全迦 l 恰ゆ菜¥‑‑':;.

~

゜

（怠） Kelller, S. 373, Anm. 21 ざ，， V gl. die oben angefi.ihrten L. 2. L. fi . C . Quib . res iud. n. no." 心観ニャニ心゜卜）菜ざ淀壬

~C. 7, 56

如迦

⇒ ャ:;.

~

゜

（芍） S. 373 ff.

（斜） Tony Honore, Emperors and Lawyers, Second Edition, Clarendon Press, Oxford. [~

臣~]

ぼ） Karl Hackl, PRAEIUDICIUM im klassischen romischen Recht, Anton Pustet, Salzburg, 1976, S . 21, Anm. 12.

(19)

環）

怜澁淀口屈鱈~o

ぼ）怜澁淀ロ It';J. 谷ニャ

1]11咋冬又リ心心1

話圏緊

1°'r‑,Q

゜

ぼ） Keller, Litis Contestation, aaO, S.

314~\淫゜Keller豆母□炉如11

I I 111 母匁一ャ;

r‑,Q 0

（芯） Kaser/Hackl,

RZゴリ(;~

似炉く回忘庄 ⇒ ¥J;

r‑‑Q0

S . 216, Anm. 55., S. 270, Anm. 8., S. 351, Anm., 8., S. 375, Anm. 7.,

S. 484, Anm., S. 487, Anm. 19.

啜） P. 96.

（自） Ibid.

（宮） P. 95‑96.

（窃） P. 96, n. 291.

啜） Kaser, RP II, S. 333, Anm.

9~\芦

啜） Ulpian, Pioneer of Human Rights, Second Edition, Oxford University Press, 2002.

（苫） P. 213‑214 .

ぼ） Keller, Li tis Contestation, aaO, S. 358 f.

~\淫

（案） Kaser/Hackl, RZ, S.

379~\産゜

[資料] ドマのLEGUM DELECTUS について（二）