The Faculty of Economics and Business Administration Journal, KUAS, Vol.4, March * IN N=115 Ashley, J. B. et. A

1 ㄽ ᩥ

ෆᐃᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ᪂ධ♫ဨ࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㐣⛬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⫋ᴗほࡢኚ໬

ʊ ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ⤒㦂࡜ᑵ⫋ᚋࡢ⮬ᕫၨⓎ⾜ືࡢᙳ㡪ʊ

ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫᐈဨ◊✲ဨ ி㒔⏘ᴗ኱Ꮫඹ㏻ᩍ⫱ᶵᵓ ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭⤒ႠᏛ㒊 ᑎ⏣ ┒⣖ ᯇᑿ ᬛᬗ ୕ಖ ⣖⿱

せ ᪨

ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪ᑎ⏣࣭ᯇᑿ࣭୕ಖ㸦2021㸧࡟ࡘ࡙ࡁ㸪ࠕ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐃ

⪅㏣㊧ㄪᰝࠖࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ꮫ⏕ᮇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃධ⫋ᚋࡢ᪂ධ♫ဨࡢึ

ᮇⓗ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡟࡝࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᩍ⫱ᏛࡢどⅬ

࠿ࡽศᯒࢆ⾜࡞࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅉᏊศᯒᚋࡢ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡸ୍ඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪

࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉෆᐜ㸦࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺⓗ௙஦ࡸ఍♫ᖿ㒊ࡢㅮ⩏࡞࡝㸧㸪ᙧᘧ㸦㛗ᮇ㸧ࡑࡋ࡚ධ♫

ᚋࡢ⫋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫၨⓎάືࡀ┦஌ࡍࡿᙧ࡛㸪࡜ࡃ࡟௙஦ᚿྥ⫋ᴗほࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸪⫋ᴗほ㸪ෆᐃᏛ⏕㸪᪂ධ♫ဨ㸪⮬ᕫၨⓎ⾜ື

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

ᮏ✏࡛ࡣᑎ⏣࣭ᯇᑿ࣭୕ಖ㸦2021㸧࡟ࡘ࡙ࡁ㸪2020ᖺ1᭶࡟ᑵ⫋ෆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ኱Ꮫ4ᖺ⏕ࢆ㉳Ⅼ࡜ࡋ㸪ᙼ

ࡽࡀෆᐃඛ௻ᴗ➼࡬ࡢᑵ⫋㸦ධ♫㸧ᚋ1ᖺ┠ࡢ2021ᖺ1᭶᫬Ⅼࢆ2Ἴ࡜ࡋࡓࠕ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢຠᯝ᳨ド

࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐃ⪅㏣㊧ㄪᰝ㸦୕ಖ⣖⿱௦⾲㸧ࠖࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸦௨ୗ

IN㸧⤒㦂⪅࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࣇࣝࢱ࢖࣒᭷⫋⪅ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦N=115㸧࡟㝈ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫ⏕ᮇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩ

ࢵࣉࡀࡑࢀ࡟⥆ࡃධ⫋ᚋࡢ᪂ධ♫ဨࡢึᮇⓗ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡟࡝࠺ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᩍ⫱ᏛࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽศᯒࢆ⾜࡞࠾࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱ࡢୡ⏺࡛ࡣ㸪ᇶ♏ຊࡸࢥࣥࣆ

ࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࡢᙧᡂࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡀ㸪⫋ᴗࡢࠕ౯್ࡢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㑅ᢥࡢ⤫ྜⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ

㸦Ashley, J. B. et. Al., 2018㸧ࠖࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡇࡑࡀ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱ࡢୖ఩┠ⓗ࡟⨨࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ

㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ᒁ㸪2004㸧ࠋ

㸰㸬ඛ⾜◊✲

ᮏ◊✲ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡘࡂࡢ3ࡘࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲≧ἣࢆᢲࡉ࠼࡚࠾࠿ࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ➨1࡟㸪⫋

*ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪௧࿴ඖᖺᗘ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠࣭ᇶ┙◊✲C㸦19K02716㸧ࠕ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ື࡜⤌⧊♫఍໬

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⦪᩿◊✲ࠖ㸦୕ಖ⣖⿱௦⾲㸧ࡢศᢸ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

2

ᴗほᙧᡂ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸦ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞◊✲㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ➼࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡉࢀࡓ

◊✲㸪➨2࡟㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ㸦ຠᯝ᳨ド㸧ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ⫋ᴗほࢆ┠ⓗኚᩘ໬ࡋࡓ◊✲㸪ࡑࡋ࡚➨

3࡟㸪᪂ධ♫ဨࡢ⫋ሙ㐺ᛂ࣭⮬ᕫၨⓎάືࡢ⫋ᴗほ࣭⤌⧊♫఍໬స⏝ࢆၥ㢟࡟ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

2-1. ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡢ⦪᩿ⓗศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲

ࡲࡎ㸪⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⫋ᴗほࡢᙧᡂࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᢅ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢኚ໬ࢆศᯒࡋ࡞ࡅ

ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ◊✲ᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ᮶ⓗ࡟ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⦪᩿ศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⫋ᴗほࢆྵࡴ࢟ࣕࣜ

࢔Ⓨ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㸪2001ᖺ௨㝆2015ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸪᪥ᮏࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑎ⏣௚㸦2016, 1-2㸧࡛

ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭱᪂ࡢᡂᯝࡶ཯ᫎࡉࡏࡿᙧ࡛㸪◊✲≧ἣࢆᴫほࡍࡿࠋ

ᾏእࡢ⫋ᴗほࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞ಶே㏣㊧ⓗ࡞◊✲ ࡲࡎ㸪࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᚰ⌮Ꮫ⣔ࡢ3㞧ㄅ 㸦Journal of Vocational Behavior, Journal of Career Development, Journal of Career Assesment㸧ࡢ2015ᖺ௨㝆ࡢᥖ㍕

ㄽᩥ࠿ࡽ◊✲≧ἣࡢ⿵㊊ࢆࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ࡛”work values”ࢆ௜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ㸪8௳ぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪

⦪᩿ศᯒ㸦ࣃࢿࣝㄪᰝ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪3௳ࡢㄽ✏ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Sortheix, F. M. et. al., 2015; Lechner, C. M. et. al., 2017; Lechner, C. M. et. al., 2018㸧ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶJournal of Vocational Behavior ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡉࢀࡓ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃᅪࡢㄪᰝ◊✲

࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⫋ᴗほࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ⊂❧ኚᩘࡶ኱ᣓࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪ᑵᴗ๓ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵ

ࣉ➼ᑵປ⤒㦂ࡸᑵ⫋ᚋࡢ᪂ධ♫ဨࡢࠕࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ືࠖ㸦௙஦ࡢࢥࣥࢸ࢟ࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᏛ⩦ࡀᯝࡓ ࡍ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ᙺ๭㸪Ashford et. al., 2007, p.451㸧ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

᪥ᮏ ࣃࢿࣝㄪᰝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⏕ᮇ࠿ࡽ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ึᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ⫋ᴗほࡢ⦪᩿◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪2010ᖺ௨㝆࡟㝈 ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪2004ᖺ௨᮶ࡢᮾ኱♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ⥅ᢎࡋࡓ㸪⫋ᴗほࢆྵࡴ⏕άព㆑ࡢྛ✀ࡢ

ࣃࢿࣝㄪᰝࢆ෌ศᯒࡋࡓྜྷᕝ㸦2012㸧ࡽࡢ2004ᖺ࠿ࡽ2011ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ㛗ᮇ⦪᩿◊✲㸪ࣛ࢖ࣇࢥ࣮ࢫ◊✲ࡢ୍

⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ⫋ᴗጾಙࠖ࡜࠸࠺ኚᩘࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳࠕ⫋ᴗ㐩ᡂࠖࢆศᯒࡋࡓྜྷᒸ㸦2015㸧ࡢ◊✲࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢ

௚㸪◊✲࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾㄪᰝሗ࿌ࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ཌ⏕ປാ┬㸦2015㸧ࡢ➨1ᅇᐇ᪋᫬㸦2002ᖺ࡟20ṓ㹼34ṓ࡛࠶

ࡗࡓ㟷ᖺ⏨ዪ㸧ࡢᑵປᐇែࡸ⫋ᴗほࢆ㏣㊧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ

௨ୖ㸪ෆእࡢ⫋ᴗほࡢ⦪᩿◊✲࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⏕ᮇ࠿ࡽᑵ⫋ᚋࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ึᮇࡲ࡛࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓ㏣㊧◊✲ࡣ⟶ぢ ࡢ㝈ࡾぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

2-2. ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ึᮇࡢ♫఍໬࣭⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ

࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸࢻ࢖ࢶ 㧗➼ᩍ⫱ẁ㝵ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ㸦CO-OP㸧ᩍ⫱ࡸ௻ᴗᐇ⩦ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿㅖᅜ࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿࡑࢀࡽࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑎ⏣௚㸦2021㸧ࡢ1-2ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡍ࡛࡟ㄽཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢእⓗ㸦㈤㔠㸪㞠⏝ᶵ఍☜ಖ➼࡬ࡢ㸧ຠᯝࢆၥ㢟࡟ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋ୍᪉

࡛࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⦪᩿㏣㊧◊✲ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ୺࡞ࡶࡢࢆ࠶ࡆࡿ࡜㸪Saniter et.al.㸦2014㸪ࢻ࢖ࢶ㸧, Nunley et.al.㸦2014㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸧㸪Rose et.al.㸦2014㸪㡑ᅜ㸧㸪Saltikoff㸦2017㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⫋ᴗほࢆྵࡴ

ෆᐃ࣭ᚰ⌮ᩍ⫱ⓗຠᯝ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣ࠶ࡲࡾぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

᪥ᮏ ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲ࡣᅽಽⓗ࡟㸪኱Ꮫഃࡀᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍ࠸࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ஦๓࣭஦ᚋࡢ⦪᩿◊

✲ࡀከ࠸ࠋἙ㔝㸦2011㸧㸪▮ᓮ࣭୰ᮧ㸦2013㸧㸪㡲Ọ௚㸦2015㸧࡞࡝ࡢ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᇶ♏ຊᙧᡂຠᯝ

3

࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᮏ✏ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂຠᯝࢆㄽドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡟㸪ᖹ㔝㸦2010㸧㸪⸨ᮏ㸦2013㸧㸪 ᑎ⏣࣭Ἑ㔝㸦2020㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪༞ᴗᚋࡢάືࡢ୰࡛ࡢຠᯝ᳨ドࡢ◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ

2-3. ணᮇⓗ♫఍໬࣭ཧධᚋ♫఍໬࡜ࡢ㛵㐃

ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛㸪࢖ࣥࢱ̿ࣥࢩࢵࣉࢆ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡸSchein, E. H.㸦1968㸧ࡸVan Maanen / Schein, E. H.

㸦1977㸧࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ⤌⧊♫఍໬ࠖࡢ୰࡟఩⨨௜ࡅࡿ⦪᩿ⓗ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ᭱㏆ࡢJournal of

Vocational Behaviorࡢᥖ㍕ㄽᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪Pan, J. et.al.㸦2018㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕึᮇ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡢᙧᡂࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧࡛࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ➼ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᨭ᥼ㅖάືࡢึᮇ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔

ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿຠᯝࢆㄽドࡋࡓᑠᮡ㸦2007㸧ࡸ㸪ᑵᴗయ㦂ࡸ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱ࢆᑵ⫋ᚋࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛᪥࣭ⱥ࣭⊂ࡢ 㸱࠿ᅜẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓᒣ⏣㸦2008㸧ࡢ◊✲㸪᪂ධ♫ဨࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㐺ᛂຊ㸦࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⮬ಙ➼4ᑻᗘ㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢖

ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᮇ㛫ࡸෆᐜ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ኚ໬ࢆ㏣㊧ࡋࡓྂ⏣㸦2010㸧ࡢ◊✲㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ධ♫ᚋ᪂ධ♫ဨࡢ⦪

᩿ศᯒ㸦ධ♫┤ᚋ࡜1ᖺᚋ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ಶே㸫⤌⧊㸦P-O㸧ࡢ㐺ྜ࡜ಶே㸫⫋ᴗ㸦P-V㸧ࡢ㐺ྜࡢẚ㍑ศᯒࢆ

⾜࡞ࡗࡓ➉ෆ㸦2012㸧ࡢ◊✲࡞࡝ࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ෆእࡢࡇࡢ✀ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᇶ♏ຊࡸࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮࡞࡝ࡢᴫᛕࡢ୰࡛ᢅࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀከࡃ㸪

⫋ᴗព㆑࣭⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢࡀᕼᑡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪໅ປほ࣭⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡣVan Mannen㸦1977㸧

ࡸᑿᙧ㸦2012㸧ࡀゝ࠺ࠕணᮇⓗ♫఍໬ࠖࡸ㸪༞ᚋึᮇࡢ♫఍໬άື㸦Grant and Ashford, 2008㸧ࡸ୕ಖ࣭ᯇᑿ

㸦2020㸧ࡀ࠸࠺ࠕࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ືࠖࡼࡾᇶᮏⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

௨ୖࡢⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ࡜㸪⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡢኚ໬㸪≉࡟Ꮫ⏕ᮇ࠿ࡽᑵ⫋ᚋࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ึᮇࡲ࡛࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓ◊✲

⮬యࡀᕼᑡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᳨ウࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

㸱㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢศᯒᡭ㡰࣭᪉ἲ࡜タᐃኚᩘ

3-1. ㄪᰝᐇ᪋ࡢ᪉ἲ࣭ㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ᩘ

2020ᖺ1᭶࡟ᑵ⫋ෆᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ኱Ꮫ4ᖺ⏕ࢆ㉳Ⅼ࡜ࡋ㸪ᙼࡽࡀෆᐃඛ௻ᴗ➼࡬ࡢᑵ⫋㸦ධ♫㸧ᚋ1ᖺ┠ࡢ 2021ᖺ1᭶᫬Ⅼࢆ2Ἴ࡜ࡋࡓ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝᐇ᪋࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣᰴᘧ఍♫࣐ࢡ࣑ࣟࣝࡢ͆QuickMill͇

ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟➨1Ἴ㸪➨2Ἴ࡜ࡶ࡟ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓㄪᰝ༠ຊ⪅ᩘࡣ192ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪➨2Ἴㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛㠀ṇつ⫋⪅࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ115ྡࢆศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ㄪᰝᐇ᪋࡟

࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲೔⌮ᑂᰝࢆ㏻㐣ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

3-2.౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿኚᩘ

ᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡣࠕ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࡟㛵ࡍࡿෆᐃ⪅㏣㊧ㄪᰝ㸦୕ಖ⣖⿱௦⾲㸧ࠖ

࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄪᰝ඲యࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୕ಖ࣭ᯇᑿ࣭ᑎ⏣㸦2021㸧ࡸᑎ⏣௚㸦2021㸧

࡞࡝࡟ㆡࡿࡀ㸪඲యࡢ㡯┠ᩘࡣࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ㡯┠㸪➨1, 2Ἴ㸦௨ୗ㸪➨1Ἴࢆt1㸪➨2Ἴࢆt2࡜⾲グ㸧࡟ඹ㏻ࡍ

ࡿࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ື࡟ಀࡿ㡯┠࡞࡝㸪ྜィ150㡯┠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣෑ㢌࡟♧ࡋࡓㄢ㢟ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡓࡵ

࡟㸪┠ⓗኚᩘ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚௨ୗࡢ㡯┠ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ

┠ⓗኚᩘ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑎ⏣௚㸦2021㸧࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ⫋ᴗほࡢ14㡯┠ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᅉᏊศᯒ

4

ࢆ⾜࠸㸪t1, t2࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡼࡾཝᐦ࡞ᅉᏊࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓୖ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ

ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᛶู㸪ᡤᒓᏛ㒊㸦ᩥ⣔࣭⌮⣔㸧㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⤒㦂ᮇ㛫㸦ࡇ

ࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1᪥㸪2᪥㹼7᪥௨ෆ㸪2㐌㛫㹼1࠿᭶௨ෆ㸪1࠿᭶௨ෆࡢ4ࡘࡢᮇ㛫ࡈ࡜࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢲ࣑࣮ኚ

ᩘࢆタᐃ㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᙧᘧ㸦༢఩ࡢ᭷↓㸪᭷ൾ࠿↓ൾ࠿ࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ

ࢆタᐃ㸧ࢆ⨨࠸ࡓ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶt1࡟ ᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪㔞ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⤒

㦂ෆᐜ㸦t1㸧㸪⫋ሙ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦㸦t2㸧㸪ᒣᮏ࣭୕ಖ࣭ᑎ⏣㸦2017㸧࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓ⫋ᴗᇶ♏ຊࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ௙஦࣐ࢿࢪ

࣓ࣥࢺຊࠖࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊࠖࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㡯┠㸦t2㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪⫋ົ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ື࡜ࡋ

࡚㸪ࠕࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏⾜ືࠖࠕࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ᥈⣴⾜ືࠖࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ㡯┠㸦t2㸧ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ㓄⨨ࡋࡓࠋ ௨ୖࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࣇ࢙࣮ࢫ㡯┠ཬࡧࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆ㝖ࡃ㔞ⓗኚᩘ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕ4㸸ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ࠿ࡽࠕ1㸸 ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡢ4௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋ

3-3.ศᯒᡭ㡰࣭᪉ἲ

ศᯒࡣ㸪SPSS 26.0ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ձ⫋ᴗほࡢᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪஦ᚋࡢศᯒࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᅉᏊᑻᗘ

ࢆᚓࡿࠋղḟ࡟㸪ྛ✀ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜┠ⓗኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ⫋ᴗほ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢ඲యഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦ᙉ ไᢞධἲ㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ճ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⥲ᣓ⾲࡛ࡣぢ࠼࡞࠸ഴྥࢆぢࡿࡓࡵ㸪㔜ᅇᖐኚᩘࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ

᥈ࡾ㸪մࡑࡢ࠺࠼࡛㸪ୖグㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢୗ఩㡯┠࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⫋ᴗほᅉᏊ࡜ࡢศᩓศᯒࢆ⾜࡞࠺ࠋ

5 න෾ੵͶ࢘͑଎ఈร਼͹ىफ़౹ܯྖʤ1ʻ̏̏̓ʥ

ήϩʖϕ ร਼໌ߴ໪਼ʥ ฑۋ஍ ඬ६ยࠫ

੓ʀ଒੓ WB஋੓ξϝʖ

ʤξϝʖʥ WBཀྵܧξϝʖ

΢ϱνʖϱܙࣞܙࣞ WB݆Ґ৏ξϝʖ ʤξϝʖʥ WBୱҒໃB༙ঊŨƆŸŘ

΢ϱνʖϱܨݩ಼༲ྖ WB΢ϱνʖϱસझฑۋ

WB৮৖Ͳ͹ָस

WB࢕ࣆϜϋζϟϱφྙࣙ৶

ྖదઈ໎ร਼ WBαϝϣωίʖεϥϱࣙ৶ WBϋρφϭʖέߑ஛ߨಊ WBϓΡʖχώρέ୵ࡩߨಊ

WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴

WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈ

໪దร਼ WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴

WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈ

ˠ஋੓ξϝʖ஋੓ɾঃ੓ɾཀྵܧξϝʖɾชܧଠʥ ɻɻ݆Ґ৏ξϝʖɾ݆າຮʥɾୱҒໃ༙ঊξϝʖʤɾଠɾ

㸲㸬⫋ᴗほࡢᅉᏊศᯒ࡜ศᯒᑻᗘࡢタᐃ 4-1. ⫋ᴗほࡢᅉᏊศᯒ

ࡲࡎ㸪t1㸪t2ࡢ14㡯┠࡟ࡘࡁ㸪୺ᅉᏊἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅉᏊ㍈ࡢᅇ㌿࡟ࡣ㸪ࣉ࣐ࣟࢵࢡ ࢫᅇ㌿ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓࠋᅉᏊᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ3ᅉᏊ㸦እⓗ㸻⤒῭ࡢᏳᐃᚿྥ㸪௙஦࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺᚿྥ㸪⮬ᚊᛶᚿྥ㸧

ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ኚᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪t1ࡢ➨3ᅉᏊ㸦ࠕ㢳ᐈࡢࡓࡵࠖࠖ㸧㸪t2ࡢ➨3ᅉᏊ㸦⊂❧ࡋ

࡚Ẽවࡡ࡞ࡃ㸧㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ1㡯┠ࡢࡳ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋึᮇᅛ᭷್ࡣ㡰࡟3.442㸪2.227㸪1.223㸪1.043࡛࠶ࡾ㸪4 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡶ᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁࡓࡀ⣡ࡲࡾࡀࡍࡄࢀࡎ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟2ᅉᏊᵓ㐀࡟ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪t1㸪t2ࡢᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀ

࡯ࡰᑐᛂࡋࡓ㸦⾲2㸪⾲3ཧ↷㸧ࠋ

➨1ᅉᏊࡣࠕ㈐௵⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡉ࠸ࡣ࠸ࡀ᣺ࡿ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠕ᪂ࡓ࡞ࡶࡢࡸࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࢆసࡾࡔࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠕᑓ㛛▱

㆑ࡸ≉ᢏࢆ⏕࠿ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࠖࠕ఍♫ࡢᏑ⥆࣭Ⓨᒎࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᑾࡃࡍࡇ࡜ࠖ࡞࡝8㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪௒ᅇࡢศᯒᑐ㇟⪅

ࡀෆᐃᏛ⏕࡛࠶ࡗࡓ᫬ࡢศᯒ㸦ᑎ⏣௚㸪2021㸧࡛ࠕ⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ᚿྥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆࠕ௙஦ᚿྥࠖ㸦௙஦ᮏ఩㸧

࡜࿨ྡࡋࡓࠋ➨2ᅉᏊࡣࠕ೺ᗣࢆࡑࡇ࡞࠺ᚰ㓄ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࠕኻᴗࡢᚰ㓄ࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖࠕാࡃ᫬㛫ࡀ▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ

ࠕ㧗࠸཰ධࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ࡞࡝6㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ᑎ⏣௚㸦2021㸧࡜ྠࡌࡃࠕ⤒῭࣭Ᏻᐃᚿྥࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ

6 4-2. ศᯒᑻᗘࡢᵓᡂ

ศᯒᑻᗘࡢᵓᡂ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪ࠕ⊂❧ࡋ࡚Ẽවࡡ࡞ࡃࠖ㸦⮬ᚊᛶᚿྥ㸧࡜ࠕ௙஦࡟ἐ㢌ࠖ㸦⫋ேẼ㉁㸧ࡢ2ᑻᗘ ࡀ୙Ᏻᐃ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦t1Ѝt2࡛㏫㌿ࡍࡿ㸧ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ2㡯┠ࢆ㝖እࡋ࡚➨1ᅉᏊࢆ7㡯┠㸪➨2ᅉᏊࢆ5㡯┠

࡛஦ᚋࡢศᯒࡢࡓࡵࡢᑻᗘ໬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋt1ࡢ2ᑻᗘ࡜ࡶಙ㢗ᛶࡀࡸࡸప࠸㸦0.697㸪0.675㸧ࡀ㸪t2࡛ࡣ㸪ጇᙜ

࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦0.782㸪0.768㸧ࠋ

නW೧݆ʥB৮ۂ؏͹Ҿࢢ෾ੵ݃Վ1

ʤϏνʖϱߨ྽ʙԾஊऊౕ૮ؖʀ৶བ੓Ѝʥॵغݽ༙஍

୊Ҿࢢ

࢕ࣆࢦ޴

୊Ҿࢢ ܨࡃʀ҈ఈ ࢦ޴

பड़ޛ͹

ڠ௪੓Ѝ ฑۋ஍ ඬ६ยࠫ

WB੻೜ंͳ͢ͱɾ͠͏ͺ͏͗৾Ζ͓Ζ͞ͳ WB৿ͪ͵΍͹ΏγʖϑηΝࡠΕड़ͦΖ͞ͳ WB઒໵எࣟΏಝٗ͗ਫ਼͖ͦΖ͞ͳ

WBࣙ෾͗࢕ࣆͶງಆͲ͘Ζ͞ͳ

WB΋͖ͥ͢͏՟ୌͶேકͲ͘Ζ͞ͳ WBಢཱི͢ͱɾਕͶـ݋͸͵͚ΏΗΖ͞ͳ WBճऀ͹ଚକʀ൅ఴ͹ͪΌͶਜ͚ͤ͞ͳ

WBޒٮ͹ͪΌͶ͵Ζ͞ͳ

WB݊߃Νͨ͞͵͑ৼഓ͗͵͏͞ͳ

WBࣨۂ͹ৼഓ͗͵͏͞ͳ

WBଠ͹ͽͳ͖ΔΓ͏඲ՃΝण͜Ζ͞ͳ

WBಉ͚࣎ؔ͗୻͏͞ͳ

WB஧ؔͳֺ͚͢ಉ͜Ζ͞ͳ

WB߶͏फ೘͗ಚΔΗΖ͞ͳ

୊Ҿࢢ

୊Ҿࢢ

Ҿࢢபड़๑कҾࢢ๑յ఺๑.DLVHU͹ਜ਼وԿΝ൒͑ϕϫϜρέη๑

஭ʁʰࣙ෾͗࢕ࣆͶງಆʱʰଠ͹ͽͳ͖ΔΓ͏඲Ճʱͺ̐ͅͲҾࢢؾ଒͗ٱ఺͹ͪΌɾऊౕߑ੔͖Δࡡঈ

4-3.2᫬Ⅼẚ㍑

᪂ࡓ࡟ᵓᡂࡋࡓ2ࡘࡢ᪂ศᯒᑻᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿt1࡜t2ࡢኚ໬ࡢ≧ἣ㸦⾲4㸧ࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᑐᛂࡍࡿt᳨ᐃ࡛ࡣ᭷

ពᕪ᭷ࡾ࡟ࡣ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪୧ᑻᗘ࡜ࡶࢃࡎ࠿࡞ࡀࡽୖ᪼㸦ྥୖ㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ㸦⾲3ཧ↷㸧ࠋ௙஦ᚿ

ྥ࡛ࡣࠕᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡸᢏ⾡ࡢ≉ᢏࡀ⏕࠿ࡏࡿࠖ(⮬ᕫᐇ⌧ᚿྥ㸧㸪ࠕ㢳ᐈࡢࡓࡵ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦ዊ௙ᚿྥ㸧࡞࡝ࡀ㸪

⤒῭࣭Ᏻᐃᚿྥ࡛ࡣࠕ೺ᗣࢆᦆ࡞࠺ᚰ㓄ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦ປാ᮲௳ᚿྥ㸧㸪ࠕ㧗࠸཰ධࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ㸦ᡤᚓᚿ

7

ྥ㸧ࡀ㸪t2ࡢ㈇Ⲵ㔞㸪ᖹᆒ್࡛㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

௨ୗ㸪ࡑࡢࢃࡎ࠿࡞ྥୖࡸኚ໬㸪ࡲࡓt2࡛ࡢ2ࡘࡢ┠ⓗኚᩘࡢ⛬ᗘࡀఱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ

᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ

නW೧݆ʥB৮ۂ؏͹Ҿࢢ෾ੵ݃Վ1 ʥ

ʤϏνʖϱߨ྽ʙԾஊऊౕ૮ؖʀ৶བ੓Ѝ ॵغݽ༙஍

୊Ҿࢢ

࢕ࣆࢦ޴

୊Ҿࢢɻܨ ࡃʀ҈ఈࢦ

޴

பड़ޛ͹

ڠ௪੓ʙЍ ฑۋ஍ ඬ६ยࠫ W͖Δ͹

ܑ޴

WB৿ͪ͵΍͹ΏγʖϑηΝࡠΕड़ͦΖ͞ͳ ˤ WBճऀ͹ଚକʀ൅ఴ͹ͪΌͶਜ͚ͤ͞ͳ ˤ

WB઒໵எࣟΏಝٗ͗ਫ਼͖ͦΖ͞ͳ

WB੻೜ंͳ͢ͱɾ͠͏ͺ͏͗৾Ζ͓Ζ͞ͳ

WB΋͖ͥ͢͏՟ୌͶேકͲ͘Ζ͞ͳ

WBޒٮ͹ͪΌͶ͵Ζ͞ͳ ˤ

WBଠ͹ͽͳ͖ΔΓ͏඲ՃΝण͜Ζ͞ͳ ٱ఺

WBಢཱི͢ͱɾਕͶـ݋͸͵͚ΏΗΖ͞ͳ

WB݊߃Νͨ͞͵͑ৼഓ͗͵͏͞ͳ ˤ

WBࣨۂ͹ৼഓ͗͵͏͞ͳ

WBಉ͚࣎ؔ͗୻͏͞ͳ ˤ

WB߶͏फ೘͗ಚΔΗΖ͞ͳ ˤ

WB஧ؔͳֺ͚͢ಉ͜Ζ͞ͳ

WBࣙ෾͗࢕ࣆͶງಆͲ͘Ζ͞ͳ ٱ఺

୊Ҿࢢ

୊Ҿࢢ

Ҿࢢபड़๑कҾࢢ๑ɻյ఺๑.DLVHU͹ਜ਼وԿΝ൒͑ϕϫϜρέη๑

஭ʁʰࣙ෾͗࢕ࣆͶງಆʱʰଠ͹ͽͳ͖ΔΓ͏඲ՃʱͺͅͳҾࢢؾ଒͗ٱ఺͹ͪΌɾऊౕߑ੔͖Δࡡঈ

8

නɻ৮ۂ؏Ҿࢢऊౕ͹ଲԢ῅ݗఈʤଲԢγϱϕϩ͹౹ܯྖɾGI ʥ

ฑۋ஍ ਼ౕ ඬ६ยࠫ Wɻ஍ ༙қི֮ʙ

ܑ޴

ϘΠ WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼ ɻQV

WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼ ˤ

ϘΠ WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈร਼ QV

WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈร਼ ˤ

㸳. ⫋ᴗほࡢᙧᡂせᅉ

ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪᪂ධ♫ဨࡀᏛ⏕ࡢ㝿࡟⤒㦂ࡋࡓ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡸ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡓ⬟ຊ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ධ♫ᚋࡢࣉ

ࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ືࡀ㸪⌧ᅾࡢ⫋ᴗほ2ᑻᗘ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

5-1. 㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡜ኚᩘ㛫ࡢ┦㛵

ࡲࡎ㸪⾲1࡟♧ࡋࡓ2ࡘࡢ┠ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ᐃኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ

න৮ۂ؏ऊౕ͹॑յؾ෾ੵ݃Վ

ͅ࢕ࣆࢦ޴ Wܨࡃʀ҈ఈࢦ޴

ఈ਼ʥ ඬ६Կ㔴 ఈ਼ʥ ඬ६Կ㔴

WB஋੓ξϝʖ WB஋੓ξϝʖ

WBཀྵܧξϝʖ WBཀྵܧξϝʖ ̊ WB͖݆Ґ৏ξϝʖ WB͖݆Ґ৏ξϝʖ WBୱҒໃʀ༙ঊξϝʖ WBୱҒໃʀ༙ঊξϝʖ WB΢ϱνʖϱ͹֦झܨݩฑۋ஍ WB΢ϱνʖϱ͹֦झܨݩฑۋ஍

WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼ WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈࢦ޴ร਼

WB࢕ࣆϜϋζϟϱφྙࣙ৶ WB࢕ࣆϜϋζϟϱφྙࣙ৶ WBαϝϣωίʖεϥϱྙࣙਐ WBαϝϣωίʖεϥϱྙࣙਐ

WB৮৖Ͳ͹ָस WB৮৖Ͳ͹ָस WBϋρφϭʖέߑ஛ߨಊ ̊ WBϋρφϭʖέߑ஛ߨಊ WBϓΡʖχώρέ୵ࡩߨಊ WBϓΡʖχώρέ୵ࡩߨಊ

5̐

௒੖ࡃΊ5

1

SSS̊S

4ኚᩘࡀࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪7ኚᩘࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᩘ㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ᖹᆒ್ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ

9

ᩘ㡯┠ࡀᖹᆒ໬ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪㠀ᖖ࡟኱ᣓࡾ࡞ศᯒ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⾲5ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࡎ࠿࡟⤒῭࣭Ᏻ ᐃᚿྥࡢᏛ㒊ࢲ࣑࣮࡛ࢲ࣮࢞㸦͊㸻p<.10㸧࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⌮⣔ࡼࡾᩥ⣔༞⪅ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ2ኚᩘࡸ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢ♫఍໬⾜ື㸦Ꮫ⩦ດຊ㸧࡟ࡣ᭷ពᕪࡀฟ࡚ࡇࡎ㸪ࡴࡋࢁ኱Ꮫ

༞ᴗ㛫㏆ࡢ᫬ᮇࡸධ♫ᚋࡢᑵປάືࡢ୰࡛ᇵࡗࡓ⫋ᴗほࡸ⫋ᴗᇶ♏ຊࡢ᪉ࡀ᭷ព࡟స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿

ࡿࠋ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾᙳ㡪ຊࡢᙉ࠸㡯┠ࡔࡅࡀ⾲ฟࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⣽㒊ࡀぢ࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ

නɻյؾ෾ੵ͹֦ร਼ͳ΢ϱνʖϱร਼ͳ͹૮ؖʤ3HDUVRQʁย૮ؖʥ

ร਼໌ WB͖݆Ґ

৏ξϝʖ

WBୱҒໃʀ

༙ঊξϝʖ

WB΢ϱνʖ ϱસझฑۋ ʴ࢕ࣆࢦ޴ʵ

WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼

WB஋੓ξϝʖ

WBཀྵܧξϝʖ ̊

WB݆Ґ৏ξϝʖ

WBୱҒໃB༙ঊŨƆŸŘ

WB΢ϱνʖϱસझฑۋ

WB࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼

WB࢕ࣆϜϋζϟϱφྙࣙ৶

WBαϝϣωίʖεϥϱྙࣙ৶ ̊

WB৮৖Ͳ͹ָस

WBϋρφϭʖέߑ஛ߨಊ

WBϓΡʖχώρέ୵ࡩߨಊ

ʴܨࡃʀ҈ఈࢦ޴ʵʤ৏ىร਼஦ɾWW͹࢕ࣆࢦ޴ร਼Ґ֐ಋͣ஍ʥ

WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈร਼

WBܨࡃʀ҈ఈร਼

SS̊S

5-2. ೫┦㛵

ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᅇᖐศᯒ࡟౑ࡗࡓኚᩘ࡜࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ㛵㐃3ኚᩘ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࢆ୧⫋ᴗほᅉᏊࡈ࡜࡟ぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪 ᵝᏊࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲6ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟௙஦ᚿྥ⫋ᴗほࡢሙྜ㸪ඛࡢศᯒ࡟౑ࡗࡓኚᩘ

࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ⤒㦂ࡢᖹᆒ್㸦⤒㦂ࡢᖜᗈࡉ㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᮇ㛫㸦1᭶௨ୖ㸧㸪 ࡑࡋ࡚ධ♫ᚋࡢ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦࡞࡝࡛᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

10

5-3. ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ2ኚᩘ࡜ࠕ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ࠖࡢ5ୗ఩ኚᩘ࡜ࡢศᩓศᯒ

᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽྛኚᩘ⩌࡜⫋ᴗほ2ᅉᏊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃㸦ྛኚᩘ⩌ࡀ⫋ᴗほ2ᅉᏊࡢቑῶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸧࡟ࡘ࠸

࡚㸪ኚᩘ⩌ෆࡢୗ఩ኚᩘ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢศᯒ㸦཯᚟ ᐃ࡟ࡼࡿ2ඖ㓄⨨ศᩓศᯒ㸧ࢆヨࡳࡿࠋ

ᛶูཬࡧ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᮇ㛫㸪ᙧᘧ㸪ෆᐜࡢศᯒ ⏨ዪู㸪Ꮫ㒊⩌ู㸦ᩥ⣔㸪⌮⣔㸸ࡑࡢ௚5ேࢆ㝖ࡃN=110㸧

ู㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥᮇ㛫㸦1᪥㸪2᪥㹼1࠿᭶㸪1࠿᭶௨ୖ㸧ู࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅉᏊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪t1Ѝt2࡬ࡢ཯᚟

ຠᯝ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢᕪ␗㸪஺஫స⏝ࡶࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉᙧᘧ㸦༢఩᭷࣭↓ൾ㸪༢

఩᭷࣭᭷ൾ㸪༢఩↓࣭↓ൾ㸪༢఩↓࣭᭷ൾ㸧࡛ࡣ㸪஺஫స⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ពഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㸦p<.10㸧ࠋ

௚᪉㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢಶࠎࡢ⤒㦂ෆᐜ࡜⫋ᴗほࡢ2ᅉᏊᑻᗘࡢ཯᚟࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢᅇᖐศᯒ࡛ぢ

ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸦㠀⌧ሙⓗ⤒㦂࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿ఍♫ㄝ᫂఍㸪ᗑ㢌࣭࢜ࣇ࢕ࢫ࡛ࡢ⡆᫆࡞సᴗ㸪఍♫

ぢᏛࢆ㝖ࡃ6㡯┠㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⤒㦂ෆᐜࡢྛ㡯┠㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ4௳ἲ㸧࡟ࡘ

࠸࡚㸪ࠕ㸦4㸧ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ㸦3㸧࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⪅ࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡋ㸪ࠕ㸦2㸧

࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ㸦1㸧ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⪅ࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ ᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲7࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ձ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺ࡜ྠࡌ௙஦㸪ղ࣐ࢼ࣮ㅮᗙ㸪ճ♫ဨ࡜ྠࡌ௙஦㸪մ㤳⬻㝕ࡢ ㅮ⩏㸪յၥ㢟ゎỴᆺࡢㄢ㢟㸪նᑓ㛛㛵㐃ࡢ௙஦ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ձ࡜մ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ

࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡾ᭷ព࡟㸪ࡶࡋࡃࡣ᭷ពഴྥ࡛௙஦ᚿྥࡢ2ᅇ┠ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸦ձࡀp<.05㸪մࡀp<.10㸧㸪

࠿ࡘ2ᅇ┠ࡢ್ࡀྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋմ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⤒῭Ᏻᐃᚿྥ࡟࠾࠸࡚஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦p<.05㸧ࠋ

නɻW࢕ࣆࢦ޴৮ۂ؏BW࢕ࣆࢦ޴৮ۂ؏͹ൕ෰ͳήϩʖϕร਼ͳ͹෾ࢆ෾ੵ͹݃Վࣞʤ༙қ༙ࠫ͹Ίʥ ɻɻDൕ෰ްՎɾEήϩʖϕؔްՎɾDʹEިޕࡠ༽

΢ϱνʖϱερϕ͹ܙࣞ ୱҒ༙ໃʀๅृ༙ໃ D) QVɾE) QV DʹE) S ̊

΢ϱνʖϱερϕ͹ܨݩ಼༲ Πϩώ΢φͳಋͣ࢕ࣆ D) QVE) S ˢ̐ʾ̏

DʹE) ɾQV

ड೶ਠ͹ߪٝ D) QVE) S ̊ˢ!

DʹE) QV

৮৖Ͳ͹ָसʤࣙހܔ൅ʥ׈ಊ ࢕ࣆ͹಼༲͹୵ٽ D) QVE) S ˢ!

DʹE)ʻQV

࢕ࣆ͹઒໵எࣟ͹หک D) QVE) S ˢ!

DʹE) QV

ۂແͶචགྷ͵ςʖϩָसD) QVE) S ̊!

DʹE) QV

࢕ࣆ͹ஊखΕ͹୵ٽ D) QVE) S ˢ!

DʹE) QV

ೖʓ࢕ࣆ͹ٗढ़͹࿋ຑ D) QVE) S ˢ!

DʹE) QV

̊SSS

11

⫋ሙᏛ⩦㸦⮬ᕫၨⓎάື㸧࡜⫋ᴗほ ධ♫ᚋࡢᮏேࡢ⫋ົດຊ㸪⮬ᕫၨⓎࢆᚰ᥃ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࡢୗ఩ኚᩘ

࡛ࡣ㸪඲5㡯┠࡟࠾࠸࡚௙஦ᚿྥࡢሙྜ㸪᭷ពᕪ᭷ࡾ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⤒῭࣭Ᏻᐃᚿྥࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢୗ఩ኚᩘ㸪 ࡑࡋ࡚3ࡘࡍ࡭࡚ࡢศᯒ㸦᳨ᐃ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ពഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

௙஦ࡢෆᐜࡢ᥈ồ࡛ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫㸦p<.001㸧࡛㸪ᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡢຮᙉ࡛ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫㸦p<.05㸧࡛㸪ࢶ࣮ࣝࡢᏛ

⩦࡛ࡶࡸࡣࡾࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫㸦p<.10㸧࡛㸪௙஦ࡢẁྲྀࡾࡢ᥈ồ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫㸦p<.05㸧࡛㸪ࡉࡽ࡟᪥ࠎ

௙஦ࡢ㘐☻࡛ࡶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫㸦p<.001㸧࡛㸪ࠕᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡀࠕᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡼࡾ᭷ពࡶࡋࡃࡣ᭷

ពഴྥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㸴. ⪃ᐹ

6-1. ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡲࡎ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࡢᮇ㛫㸪ᙧᘧ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡛ࡣ᫂☜࡞ഴྥࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡟౑ࡗࡓ㸦೫㸧┦㛵ࡸୗ఩ኚᩘ࡜⫋ᴗほ࡜ࡢศᩓศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ពᕪࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ࢖ࣥࢱ

࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ௨እࡢ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢୗ఩ኚᩘࡀ⫋ᴗほ㸪࡜ࡃ࡟௙஦ᚿྥࡢࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪┤᥋ⓗࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㛫 ᥋ⓗ࡟ࡶ┦஌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡛᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸪௙஦ᚿྥࡢሙྜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ௙஦࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ

ࢺ⮬ಙ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡸ㸪⤒῭࣭Ᏻᐃᚿྥ⮬ಙࡢሙྜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⮬ಙ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝㸪ྂ⏣

㸦2010㸧࡛ࠕ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⮬ಙࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ኚᩘ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡟㏆࠸⫋ᴗ⬟ຊ㸦ᇶ♏ຊ㸧ࡀ⫋ᴗほ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㏆

᥋ࡋࡓせᅉ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᮇ㛫ࡸᙧᘧ࡛ࡣ㸪༢఩ࡢ᭷↓㸪ሗ㓘ࡢ᭷↓࡛4ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࡀ㸪᫂☜࡞ഴྥࡀ

ฟࡎ㸪Klein㸦2011㸧ࡀゝ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡞࡝Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ୍࡛⯡ⓗ࡞voluntaryࡢ᭷ൾࡢ㸪࠿ࡘ㛗ᮇࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥ

ࢩࢵࣉ㸦௻ᴗᐇ⩦㸧ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ↓ൾࡢ▷ᮇࡢࡶࡢ࡟㞟୰ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏㄪ ᰝ࡛ࡶࡑ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪༢఩↓࣭᭷ൾࡀࢃࡎ࠿9ேࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪᫂☜࡞ഴྥࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ

࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢෆᐜ࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ㛵ಀ⪅ࡀዲࡳ㸪ࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗᐇ㊶⤒㦂㸦ྂ⏣㸦2010㸧࡛ࡣ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩ

ࢵࣉ୍⯡࡛࡞ࡃࠕ௙஦య㦂ࡢ᭷↓ࠖࡀኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ♫ဨ࡜ྠࡌ௙஦㸪ㄢ㢟ゎỴᏛ

⩦㸪ᑓ㛛㛵㐃ࡢ௙஦࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ពእ࡟ࡶ࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺⓗ௙஦ࡸ㸪⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢㅮ⩏➼ࡀ᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄢ㢟◊

✲ⓗ௙஦㸪ᑓ㛛㛵㐃ࡢ௙஦ࡣᏛᴗ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢ௻ᴗ⌧ሙ࡛ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡸ⤌⧊♫఍໬

ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㞴ࡋ࠸ၥ㢟ࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺⓗ௙஦ࡣ㸪♫ဨ࡜ྠࡌ௙஦࡜ࡲ࡛࠸

࠿࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㐺ᗘࡢ㈐௵ᛶࢆၥࢃࢀࡿ⿵బⓗ௙஦㸦ᐇ㊶⤒㦂㸧࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㤳⬻㝕ࡢ ㅮ⩏ࡣt2ࡢ௙஦ᚿྥ⫋ᴗほ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞࡟࠾࠸࡚㣕㌍ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪఍♫ព㆑ࡢᙧᡂ

࡞࡝࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡌࡻ࠺࡟᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏⓗ࡞ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔព࿡ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࠋ

6-2. ධ♫ᚋࡢ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂ࡜ࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

t1Ѝt2࡬ࡢ⛣⾜㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ఍♫ࡢᏑ⥆࣭Ⓨᒎࠖࠕ೺ᗣࢆᦆ࡞࠺ᚰ㓄ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ⫋ᴗほࡢୗ఩

ኚᩘࡢ㈇Ⲵࡀ኱ࡁࡃቑࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᑻᗘ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠋࢃࡎ࠿࡟ྥୖࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋෆᐃ᫬㸫ධ♫┤ᚋ࡜࠸

࠺1ᖺ࡟ࡶ‶ࡓ࡞࠸ᮇ㛫࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ࡯࡝᫂☜࡞ኚ໬ࡀぢ࠼࡟ࡃࡃ㸪ᑎ⏣௚㸦2021㸧࡛ࡶグࡋࡓࡀ㸪Gault et. al.

12

㸦2000㸧㸪Saniter, N., Siedler, T.㸦2014㸧ࡽࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⦪᩿◊✲࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ධ♫᫬㸫5ᖺᚋࡢ2

Ἴ㸪3Ἴࡃࡽ࠸ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂ࡛ࣝほᐹࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ධ♫ᚋࡢ㐺ᛂ⾜ືࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᵓ⠏ࡸࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ᥈⣴㸪㸦㸻⫋㈐࣭┠㓄ࡾࡢ⠊ᅖ㸧࡛ࡣ㸪୧

⫋ᴗほᚿྥ࡟ᕪࡀ࡞࠸㸦⫋ᴗே㸻⤌⧊ே࡞ࡽᙜࡓࡾࡲ࠼ࡢࡇ࡜ࡔࡀ㸧ࠋࡴࡋࢁ㸪௙஦ᚿྥࡢሙྜ㸪௙஦࣐ࢿࢪ

࣓ࣥࢺຊ⮬ಙࡀ㸪⤒῭࣭Ᏻᐃᚿྥࡢሙྜ㸪ࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥຊ⮬ಙ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ㸦⾜

ືⓗ㸧㸪࠿ࡘᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞⬟ຊࡢ᪉ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

⮬ᕫၨⓎάື㸦Ꮫ⩦άື㸧ࡢⅬ࡛ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࣉࣟ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ⾜ືࡢ୰࡟࠶࠼࡚ࠕ⫋ሙ࡛ࡢຮᙉࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ ࠕ⮬ᕫၨⓎάືࠖࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅ࡚ࡳࡓࠋ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟㸪඲5㡯┠࡛⤒㦂ෆᐜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ⫋

ᴗほ㸦௙஦ᚿྥ㸧ࡀࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪᭷ព࡟ാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋOff-JTⓗᏛ⩦࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㸪

୰ཎ㸦2014㸧ࡽࡀゝ࠺⫋ሙᏛ⩦㸪ࡶࡗ࡜ゝ࠼ࡤ௙஦࡟༶ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫၨⓎ㸦Ꮫ⩦㸧ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿࠋලయ

ⓗ࡟ᩍᮦ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡟ࡶᣊࢃࡽࡎ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᕤኵ࣭᥈ồ࡛௙஦ࡢ㉁ࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡃດຊࡀ⫋

ᴗほ࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ཯࡛ᫎ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

㸵. ⤖ㄒ࡜ㄢ㢟 7-1. ⤖ㄒ

඲య࡜ࡋ࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡣ⫋ᴗほ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┤᥋ⓗ࡟స⏝ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⫋ᴗ⬟ຊ㸦▱㆑㸪ᢏ⾡㸪 ẁྲྀࡾ࡞࡝ࡢ௙஦⬟ຊ㸧ࡸࡑࡢ௚ࡢせᅉࢆ⤒⏤ࡋ࡚స⏝ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸪࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࠋ࢖ࣥࢱ

࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢෆᐜ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪௻ᴗᑵປ࡬ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ‽ഛ㸪⤌⧊࡬ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ࡢ♫఍໬࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾ㸪ᐇ 㝿࡟⤌⧊࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᐇົ⤒㦂㸦࢔ࣝࣂ࢖ࢺⓗ௙஦㸧㸪ෆᐃᏛ⏕ࡸ᪂ධ♫ဨࢆᦂࡉࡪࡿ㸦࢟ࣕࣜ࢔య 㦂ࡢඹ᭷໬ࢆᅗࡿ㸧㤳⬻㝕ࡢࡲ࡜ࡲࡗࡓㅮヰ㸪ࡼࡾ✚ᴟⓗ࡛㸪࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞㸪Ꮫ⩦⾜ື㸪⮬ᕫၨⓎࡢᙺ๭ࡀ 㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

7-2. ㄢ㢟

ࡲࡎ㸪⫋ᴗほࡢኚᩘࡢ㔞࡜ᑻᗘᵓᡂࡢၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋSuper㸪D.㸦1970㸧ࡢ15ᑻᗘ㸪Cloy, R. M. et. al.㸦1999㸧

ࡽNational Center for O* NET㸦1999㸧ࡢ6౯್⩌㸪Schein E. H.㸦1990㸧ࡢ8࢟ࣕࣜ࢔࣭࢔࣮ࣥ࢝㸪Krumm➼ ࡢ࣑ࣗࣥࢫࢱ࣮⫋ᴗほ5⩌21ᑻᗘ㸪Krumm㸦2012㸧࡞࡝࠿ࡽぢ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ⫋ᴗほࡢ㡯┠

タᐃࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ඲యࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ᩘ㸦㔞㸧ࡢୖ࡛ࡢไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡟ࡏࡼ㸪㐩ᡂ㸪฼௚୺⩏㸪⮬ᚊ ᛶ㸪࣮࣡ࢡࣛ࢖ࣇ࣭ࣂࣛࣥࢫ࡞࡝ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪2ἼࡢᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟୙୍⮴

࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௙஦ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᛶࡸᮏᙜࡢព࿡࡛ࡢ௙஦ᚿྥ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ௙஦࡟ἐ㢌ࠖ㸦⫋ேᚿྥ㸧ࡀศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡏࡊࡿ

ࢆᚓ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢ඘ᐇࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓ㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢព⩏ࢆぢฟࡍࡢࡀᮏ✏ࡢ୺ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢෆᐜࢆ㝖ࡃ࡜㸪ᮇ㛫㸪ᙧᘧ࡟

࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡞ഴྥࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㉁ၥ㸦ᅇ⟅㸧ࡢᑻᗘタᐃࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࡜ࡃ࡟㸪 ༢఩タᐃࡢ௙᪉ࡸ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢᮇ㛫タᐃࡀ኱ࡲ࠿ࡍࡂ࡚㸪ᴟࡵ࡚ศᩓࡀᝏ࠸⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ෌᳨ウࡢ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟㸪௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ୗ࡟♧ࡋࡓ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡢ඲యᅗ㸦ᅗ1㸧࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞㸪ከᵝ࡞せᅉࢆ⤌ࡳ

13

㎸ࢇࡔ◊✲ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⫋ᴗほ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺㧗ḟࡢព㆑࣭ほᛕࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫᴗ㸪࣎ࣛࣥࢸ࢕࢔άື࡞࡝ᮏ

ேࡢ୺ᑟⓗ㸦㔜どࡍࡿ㸧άື㸪඘ᐇࡋࡓ㸦ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧⫋ົ⤒㦂㸪ୖྖ࣭㒊ୗ㛵ಀ㸪⫋ᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᙧᡂ࡞࡝

ࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ᅗ1. ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ࡜㛵㐃せᅉ࡟ࡼࡿ⫋ᴗほᙧᡂࡢ௬ㄝᅗ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦࿴ᩥ⊩࣭ⱥᩥ⊩ࡢ࢔ࣝࣇ࢓࣋ࢵࢺ㡰㸧

⸨ᮏెዉ (2013). ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡢ⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡿ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢኚ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍⪃ᐹ ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦㤶ᕝ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪10, 143-151.

ྂ⏣ඞ฼ (2010). ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ⤒㦂ࡀ᪂ධ♫ဨࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔㐺ᛂຊ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲

ᖺሗ㸪13, 1-9.

ྂ⏣ඞ฼ (2014). ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉᐇ⩦୰⮬ᚊᛶ඘㊊ࡀ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔⮬ᕫຠຊឤ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ࢖ࣥࢱ

࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲ᖺሗ㸪17, 1-9.

ᖹ㔝኱ᫀ (2010). ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ࡜኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑵᴗព㆑࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇド◊✲㸪⏕ά⤒῭Ꮫ◊✲㸦⏕ά⤒῭Ꮫ఍㸧

31, 49-65.

Ἑ㔝ᚿ✑ (2011). ᩥ⣔኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉࡀ኱Ꮫ࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ㸫᪩✄⏣኱Ꮫࢆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸫

᪥ᮏ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉᏛ఍◊✲ᖺሗ㸪14, 9-15.

ཌ⏕ປാ┬ (2015). ➨3ᅇ21ୡ⣖ᡂᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝ㸦ᖹᡂ24ᖺᡂᖺ⪅㸧ཬࡧ➨13ᅇ21ୡ⣖ᡂᖺ⪅⦪᩿ㄪᰝ 㸦ᖹᡂ14ᖺᡂᖺ⪅㸧ࡢᴫἣ

ᑠᮡ♩Ꮚ⦅ (2007). ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᑵ⫋࡜࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ ວⲡ᭩ᡣ㸪pp. 155-214.

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௧࿴ඖᖺᗘᏛ⏕ᨭ᥼ࡢ᥎㐍࡟㈨ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲஦ᴗ◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩㸦⊂❧⾜ᨻἲே᪥ᮏᏛ⏕ᨭ᥼ᶵᵓ㸧 https://www.jasso.go.jp/statistics/jasso-research/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2021/03/09/r1jasso-research_report2.pdf.

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㍑̿ ⏕ᾭᏛ⩦࣭࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᩍ⫱◊✲㸦ྡྂᒇ኱Ꮫ㸧㸪12, 1-13.

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࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ⤒㦂࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ࡳࡓෆᐃᏛ⏕࡜᪂ධ♫ဨࡢኚ໬̿ ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ⤒῭⤒ႠᏛ㒊ㄽ 㞟㸪2, 175-190.

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ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ◊✲ᖺሗ㸦᪥ᮏ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉᏛ఍㸧㸪1, 31-36.

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