LINEARI ZED GROW’IH.CURVE★DURING AIX)LESCENT PERIOD
蜘 PRINCIPLE(正「㎎3T CV.MtOtosaburo MASUYAMA
(Received JUly 3, 1981) Let us imagine that there exists a tnatura11 scale Xrt/fbr a sex whidl is a monotone increasing fしmction of age舌, such that the height of the i−th per・㎝・f th・・…S・x b・i㎎.hi・(tノ・th・P・桓t・(Xrt).. hirt)) li・・n加・ straight lines, correSponding to the period befbre the start of gro嚇h spurtV=1)田1d廿皿t after it(ゴ=2〕.1βt th㎝be
〔1〕 ヱガ’・ピβ♂叫 z・ユ・2・…・N・
Iheir respeCtive mean lineS are again straight, i.e.〔2〕. ヱ・ゴ=・・ジカ・〆「力九
曲ereゐ・ゴ咀y・r・m・y・・t b・equa1・t…See・・蜘・ti・di・g・娠Fig・II。&IIb・
If not,1et us stretch Or、 contract X(t)−axis mifb皿y fbr each period, s°as t°haveゐ㌍1血th・・evised X−axi・・th・・thi・・ew・Xrt) de・・t・・th・ 鵬血h・ight砧ノ・1・・the・…dS・if・w・・take’・Xrtノ』−h・rカノ・s’ @a natural’ S・a1・,d鳩n血per・・n・19・・軸q晒・i・generally・・pre・eht・d by・t・aight 1ines,
which we saw in the references 【2,3,4].1・With this new・axis we さxpect to have(3) ・ヅ゜・°㌍ヱ・.、
which is proved to be appr切dmately true. wh㎝ゴ=ヱ[2]. The goodness of fit of line fbr the adolescent period is fairly good, as shown in Table I. But, to皿y regret, since our subj ects are pq)ils ・ 1n a metropolitan j unior high school in 1980, we couユd not have sufficient degrees of freed(皿for the residual variance. we have’used the、 cross−sectional data as of Apri1 閲1977 in place of thelo㎎itu血己㎝e to c卿『
浮狽?@’h. rカノ, but biases arisen frαm thls Teplac㎝ent are negligibly small fbr eadh age’【3]. 脆may drop heτeafter the sec㎝d suffixブ, if・there is no fear of 孤biguity. ★ In the sense of distance or..atteined height cuTve. 169M.MAsurAMA
AS 工s notiCe《1.‡n the previous.paper .[3L shorte士・(taller)pupil befbre the gr(期th spurt has usuaJly an acceleTated (retarded〕 speed after the start シ シ ・fthe sp賦・H・nce・w・・may・xpert 4 ppg・tive Cg亘rlati㎝b・tween ・i ・ndカi・ In fact there exists:.a Stエr6ng correlati’oh, correlation coefficients being〔3。) ・。一一゜・99ヱ’飢d「』㌍一゜・9θ8・
where栩 and f stand fbr皿ale and female.respectively. This high correlation means that there holds almost a linea士relati㎝b・t・㏄・・i2飢d互2・.S血re坤C c・efficientρf Vr「iatign・f r is頑m°「e
larg・品飢.血・F・f.b・.wg・90pstruct th・嘩・S・i・n lin・gf…カt°6btain
・ αプ=268・02−165・08 bi・fb・m・1・and
〔4) ・ α二’ = 157.24 −’.ヱ56.6θ Z)} fbr female. ’ .. ・ t’ t if th・g・・wth・urve i・bおicallyおt・㎝ih・d by h・・edity, it i・1ik・1y th・t th・ curve i・det・min・d by・n・pa剛ete・・NOte th・t{b・ゴ=2・i2 i・. usually not significant1γdifferent, fir(川I zero..Thus setting . .. 、〔5) ・プ=o「ヱー bi)
under the condition (3),we obtain . .、 、 .〔6) i『 ㌦一・6・…en・and es−・56…en・’』 ど
,th・・th・・麺・i・ed 9i・嚇・㎜C・ii・. pass th・g嘩・fi・・d P・i・t、、〔ら.の・・’tli・ center.of a target, or we’have. . . .(tノ=crユーカ.ノ+わ.h. rtノ . 、 「 (7〕 、. h ¢ t t ・ −c・ bi[h・「カノーo]・ if we neglect a皿1nor deviation fr㎝the center. The standard deviati㎝s of the estimates O,s are.5:93窃η.for male.and 5.94σηfbr female respective.1y」 The solution.ofI the:equatioh 『.(8)∴:』
D.‘?Eちノ』・ ..... ..’ 、.
・・apP・輌…y㌔一・4・・Y’ and t。f,一・5・・ Sy’・See F・g・1・. 、、.If、.ε1・fi)⊆ed poillt・does e)(is;, 1. et it ㎏.anew. rF」 Fノ, say a fbcus・ di being the vertiCal dt;stailce .frP]皿tiiis fo(;us to the i−th..、1‡ne 〔1〕・we miniJpiZg the sum of squared distance to dbtain the. est皿te of F, i.ξ「. .〔・) ・.・㌃・64…㎝一孤dFf=・56…㎝ ・.
with standard devi・ti・ns 7.03en ・nd 5. OOen’ respectively. meseパaiu6s are sufficiently close to those c values in (6)..We note. that o=、E−holds砲enthe relati・n・i=0「1−bi/h・1dS f・r a11 i=1・2・…・n・ .
GROWTH(URVE 蜘NG ADOLES〔ENT PERIOD Forゴ」ヱ 1iheqrized grbwth・cUrves distribute radially in.. the first qu・drant ・n th・. h・「カノー㌧「tノーP1・n・・幽F・rゴ土2th・y c㎝・e・g・tσs㎝e e・ct・nt・ as if there.exists a target or a fbcus. \ ・. ・ ・ . ・ The same conclusion is()bta血ed fr㎝the vie叩oint of the variability of height・ ・ 「 . 、 .. . . . 一 . . . ・ .∼ ・…t・y・・t’・h・varエ…var・孤ce m・・・…f(a、.・∂’…
’際}’._’『 ・
th・n th・vari・ng・・f㌧rカノi・.given.by . .’...t :
’ Vh・rtノー㌦・丁2〃。bh・(・」・・ ・bh・lrtフ (1°)@ 一・㌦一吻・%品i≠・。〆%]・
and its m丘ni皿um by 、(11) h・唖。一一σ。〆%・ ^・
It・・㎝・・ical v・1u・i・265. OSe’n f・r m・1・andユ56.70em f・r f・m・1・…pecti・ely. Sec°ndly.1et the squa「ed c°efficient°f va「iati°h°f・hi「t)・is given.by’ ・Vh.2(・)一%r耽2r・ノ.” 『.’.
〔12)@ 一・。[・/h.・一。〆・。]…%.・。;ル。・.−
Hence its・Inini㎞um is attained by. ・… 』 . ∴ ’(・3い
h…。巨㌧㌦・ん・一一・ノ・。、. 『. ...−
「「≠煤Et一㌔, Wh・・e・e hbv・ (・4〕 ・Vh(・。)−r・b−0。シ・。ノ2/2・ In our case we have(15・) h・「協一168・2°㎝・’血・Vh「t,,mr・一…6r…一・5・.
and
〔・5b〕 h・r協一ユ57…㎝…h・・、r協一・…5・r・一・・ノ・
We n°te that by the Schwa「z血equa1’ty we have the’nequa”ty. ..㌦(16) h・「㌔ノ≧h・。励・ ... ,..、..=
171
M.MASUYAMA
Even th皿gh h・「揚..se㎝・t・b・・uffiとiently・1・se t。 th・t・皿ina1垣ght °fth・・efer・nce・P・rS・n・血e c・rr・・p㎝血㎎咋i・1a・g・r・th・n・th・・act・・1 termal CV, whidh is appτoximately 3%, prdbably because our sample size is mt large enough. NdW we want to (血edこq〕our model with the data based.αn large santples [2, 5],assuming』狽戟Eat th・e・gα五・ity. h・1ds apP・Oxim・t・1y. Firstly we fit a(luadratic equation 〔・7) 7h2(・)一・+Bh・・(・)・4 yh・2r・) to these data. If our model is sufficiently accurate and the sample size is la「ge en°軌the c・effi・i・nt・α・β ・nd y、 sh。uld c・rr・r卯nd t・γ。・2%飢d% in the equati㎝(10)respectively, so that (18) ρ一.β/[2∼。β戸/2] 11rast nearly equal to (一 ユノ. necessary infOrmations’: Estimates are given in the following table with .1977. . Va 2 、Tnale IOI.32 2 female 86.491979
2 ]nale ユ0ユ.59 2 female 86.86 2 feniale★ユ43.64 μ藺 一60.37 −47.ユ9 一 60.34 −48.0ユ ー ヱ33●34.%、
2 0.5968 2 0.5465 ρ 一ρ・.998 −0.998 0.59482・’−0.55322.
0.92882一
0.999 0.9θ8 0.999. t ヱ4・−17 12−17n
ユユ2ユ9 ∼ヱ76ユ4 1ヱ430∼ ユ79θユ ..ヨ,4.rユ7 708736∼ 88ユ760 ヱ2一ユ7 705409 ∼ 845876 1ユーユ7 705409∼ 905ユユ8 Fig. IIIa {} I I Ib correspond to the.relation (12). Secondユy, applying the principle of least CV,.w’e.obtain the following table:1977
male female1979
male female f㎝ale★ h.ftノ ㎝ ヱ70.05 158.51 ユ7ヱ.05 157.13 154.75r?) CVh nin 3.38% 3.ユ7 3.ヱ6 3.20 3.ヱ1 tNote that if we include one point in the transiti㎝al period between the pre− adolescent and adolescent periQdS, we Obtai1ユan unreasonable τesult. ’㎜㎝堀㎜NG『㎜正S…OD
Thirdly,.1et the mean, the sum of squares, the variation and the variance of a variate X in a§amPle of size n be denoted・by xe Qte’ Sac and Vx respectively・ Then、we have . ・ ・.一(・9) %一・。抱r・・,戊2・・α ri−・・,一・九 ’
〔20) Q、.●.−sヱ.6−% ’.. 信一方・、一刀・
.‘、. and hence we’obtain the relation (・・). ・・−ce/eヱー、・ヱ/2−r・d…b)i/2−r・ノVb,ヱ/2,. if the relation ’ . 』 ‘ ’ .(22〕 .、.・%=c「ヱ、T bi) ・ 、《.(5)).. is exact・Note that (撒defined・in the relation∴.〔21〕lsatisfies・the inequality エ〔23〕 L鞠・…h・v’・。iガ’∵.≡.∫「,.r’
N・w ass叩1㎎・g・in.the e・g・dicity.・鳩a頃γthi・re1・tign t。・・t迦・t・ th・ab・clsS・1・f th・.、cent・・ρf th・targ・t「0・の・Then.・w・ 9・t the壬g11㎝i・gTable fr㎝ Tables in the second pToposition.
h・卵。o カイ㌔ノ h・。励o、.hr 一(t。」、 ’
male 269.5enlヱ69.8‘加170.ヱ㎝ 、ヱ70.6cM.17ρ.8°m 171.2‘朝feinale ヱ58.0 ヱ58.3 158.5 ヱ56.6 156.θ 75ク.ヱ
. . 1977 1979 We note that O is sufficiently closβto th『teエninal height h.(tm) of the・・fe・・nce p・r・・n i・・a・in・…ごIt・b・1d. @b・i。t・t。。ti㎎t。。。。1yse biodhemically the reason砲y this 輌)irical law holdS:A王present’we とan say this mudh;seemingly the.earlyl deyeloper excretes’in general more gTowth. and sex ho皿ones and excess of sex hormone reduces the growth speed owing to its calcifying effect. The correlation coefficient betWeen twoあ.s before and after the spurt is negative but…ma11. Se㎝i㎎1y, the gro眈h and sex hbrmone syst㎝s are not closely interdependent...・ : 1 ・T[h・・…也・t−・ノぴ・・ノV6)ヱ/2・。・一ρ・・−Ud,/・r・。%・1/2・・, and h・,「tm)勃・af.Min・(・÷〔16)) … . ..’. h. 6bserved.in:1977 areヱ69.5em〔male) andヱ56ど9(姻(female).The salr4)1e、i、e竺。f。rd。。,。2 i。。aCh.。。,。..、. . ,..一..t.・
174
.;馳lσ.・聡㎜.・』
・㍉The same revised・scale, as of・APri1・1977・・;.「is apPlied’to the:i皿tenLationa1 ’ alld 麺terna1・01d data of’meal19rolmb.cirrves,ごor』the Ctrrves」Of other{referさnce persons of the same sex in Table I I and to the inte皿1 data of diffbrent・s叙 1n 1977 in Table III.工n the last case the/f賑Le.φata..〔ヱ〕 is analysed against the male data〔x〕. See Fig.・IV. Tb bear ready,・comparison preadolescent data are also included in these tables.” − 一’ .』. ’ ● . .・ .「 L − .「 ... . L It w()uld be of.inteTest to note..that・ thiエesidual variance obtailled』fr㎝・ab・es・G・…e ・i2一了…9・22舳’dfゴ・・ahd・五2−C・,・,・8ノ・2軸ガ滅
20respectively. [bese two variances fbr the caseゴ=2a士e significantly smaller than that fbr the 《;aseゴ=ユ 12]. This suggeSts tiS l that by the monthly or bimonthly observation of. a puPi1 I s stature around the . start・of the growth spurt we can esti皿ate his (or her) height in the. future、 fairly well by our method of linearization. 1’Thg ’re・idl・a・Variance・b・・血・d・fttm・ib・e:・r・.isr㌔r一迦75/2,蜘 ・two ごases (i) and(iv) are「p◎oled.−Its nu血ber Of degrees of freed㎝is.6. 恥te 1・L・t・s set・−bi−ei ・nd int・・duce ・ w・ight ・i・ whi・;h・will・b・d・fi・・d later. Then we have ,、 ’ 曽 1 ∵・〔24〕・.’
マ!:1 二IX・;㌘{㌧・㎡・…躍イΣ麗1ツ
’ t 2. Henceρrg) =min. i興)1ies that our estimate is given by〔25) 』2一Σ』・推〆・嘱2.』.‘ −1:’噛.
釦dcgnsequent1γ. ouT. resid皿1 sum. o£squareS by .。 .. 、 、 : .....{・6)一・・er2ノ…・Wt・Z2一伽i・a・V8/z, wi・a2・㌧三…
witl、 df」’h’・.’・ゴH。。ce面遺恒 ;』.‘x・∵∵ヂ.−一:』..’..
〔27〕・D,
諱♂烽撃戟F1、1、1・..頑....一『..
2・(tWing・t・th・inequality CVh<<1・the p・血ciplet。f・・1・a・t〔y i・. nearlyeq己mle
Ot t°the p「桓両1e°f leaE}t SDσ・9 being Z°g h・ 3・ InSt甲(l of the mean heights’as of 1977(or 1979):those.of二〇1der date (say, of 1968〕 may be used as the abscissa to,lfind out the irregulaユrities,in apersonal gr(姉・, since the linearity Of:g羊owth St’i 11 holdS『,the塗ein (cf.Table・II)・−th・ugh・th・ e・timat…f⑳c・effici・ntS・・ε㎝d b戸・bi・・ed・
1. No.
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3201
3202
3203
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
Male
一CMI 160.10 160.10 156.37 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 164.85 156.37 160.10 160.10 164.85 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 GROWTH(]URVE DURING ADOLES〔ENT PERIOD 一(吻 y 162.20 170.85 154.73 167.20 161.00 160.00 170.85 157.35 159.75 163.05 166.30 169.69 149.10 169.95 157.45 15S.15 156.00 155.95 175.95 157.45 160.93 156.80 150.10 159.30 163.65 154.00 163.30 165.15 155.20 165.10 ααη 96.00 −25.13 −28.23 62.31 −59.83 49.59 112.88 −143.53 −47.28 −126.79 66.93 −56.75 −38.60 23.65 −27.49 一134.69 −70.35 4.13 95.90 −212.35 一44.76 −47.47 −48.33 70.19 78.08 一105.47 119.13 35.41 −60.11 76.77 b O.414 1.224 1.170 0.655 1.379 0.690 0.362 1.879 1.293 1.810 0.620 1.414 1.172 0.914 1.155 1.810 1.414 0.948 0.500 2.243 1.315 1.276 1.552 0.541 0.534 1.621 0.276 0.810 1.345 0.552 Table lal2]n
3 3△一ぷ.02/5
y x 0.000 0.1113216
3217
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
★3311
3312de3313
3314
3315
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3501
3502
3503
3504
160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 156.37 160.10 160.10 (n=1) 160.10 160.10 164.85 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 164.85 i60.10 160.10 160.10 〔n=1〕 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 147.60 166.00 160.70 159.00 156.00 173.05 160.25 160.35 158.50 167.45 150.70 163.05 153.40 161.15 157.57 160.15 165.85 148.70 154.80 157.05 166.40 171.10 161.05 168.30 174.10 163.90 171.20 163.50 150.15 152.25 167.50 155.95 158.20 M.MASUYAMA’ 一128.43 83.19 −60.13 −205.37 −103.47 32.27 −2.61 −24.59 20.48 −89.26 67.87 66.44 −72.95 −134.21 −61.04 一80.00 −74.30 一132.86 −104.67 一34.53 22.86 66.21 −106L70 118.61 一4、12 −79.01 −10.98 」19’D 96 70.10 −10..61 79.17 −34.51 −29.50 Table Ib 1.724 0.517 1.379 2.276 1.621 0.879 1.017 1.155 0.862 1.603 0.517 0.603 1.414 1.845 1.398 1.500 1.500 1.’7 59 1.621 1・.162 0・897 0.655 1.672 0.310 1.081 1.517 1.138 0.897 0.500 1.017 0.552 1.190 1.172 (“3517) 3 0.0073505
3506
3507
3509
3510
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3508
II.3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
160喝 10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160:10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10 160.10Female
(n=1〕、 154.80 151.53 154.30 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 151.S3 151.53 154.80 151.53 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 154.80 154.80㎜㎝…㎜田S…OD
157.65 158.30 166.85 163.40 156.05 172.55 164.90 166.95 158.45 165.10 149.30 157.00 159:00 159.77 162.00 161.25 153.00 148.15 160.50 146.40 150.03 148・47 155.70 159.97 164.80 148.50 160.50 154.50 150.80 145.35 153.45 一38.33 −112.21 −1.53 29.82 −39.93 98..02 21.36 15.13 −26.49 −39.17 一82.571., −47.27 一92.55 24.88 −255.00 16.i3 36.90 80.43 −187.80 −48:69 69.92 84..63 0.90 28.51 −144.80 13.05 63.75 ・・ 387.30 42.63 −309.38 27.68 Table I C 1.224 1.690 1.052 1.207 1.224 0.466 0.897 0.948 1.155 1.276 1.448 1.’276 1.625 0.890 2.500『 0.938一 0.750 0.438 2.:250 1.287 0.529 0.421 1.000 0.867 2.000 0.875 0.625 3.500 0.714 2.938 0.813 (→3216〕 333
3 3 0.’P99
0.010 0.033’ .0.015 0.000 3 0.100 (÷3248)3151
3152
3231
3232
3233
3234★3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3331
33323334
333S
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3344
154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 151.53 154.80 151.53 154.80 154.80 1SI.53 154.80 151.53 151.53 154.80 1S4.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 〔n=ヱ) 151.53 151.53 151.53 154.80 151.53 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 159.95 146.80 148.65 149.10 161.85 150.75 151.77 155.77 156.90 147.73 152.20 157.90 151.43 149.65 150.70 153.17 159.90 153.20 159.40 145.20 160.25 143.45 156.55 153.70 152.63 150.23 152.43 157.87 158.60 147.43 159.70 1S7.05 155.40 158.60 M.・MASUYAMA 一81.93 −46L70 −267.38 −334.65 −21.98 一303.98 99.48 112.95 40.80 −36.38 113’. 50 80.50 −76.07 120.63 −76.23 一45.16 43.80 −233.80 101.35 −338.S5 15.13 −一@98.43 11.43・ −78.50 −50.41 一23.07 6.56 29.24 −15.55 一95.20 4.go −7.43 −212.25 61.85 Table I d 1.563 1.250 2,688 3.125 1.188 2.938 0.345 0.’283 0.750 1.215 0.250 0.500 1.501 0.188 1.498 1.309 0.750 2.500 0.375 3.125 0.938 1.563 0.938 1.500 1.340 1.144 0.963 U.849 1.125 1.601 1.000 1.063 2.375 0−D625
33
3 3 3 3 O’. 012 0.012 0.002 0.047 0.020 0.019 (→3149) 3333
3 0.033 0.ユ13 0.149 0.034 0.0583345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3450
3451
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537・3538
3539
3540
3542
GROWTH CURVE DUR][NG ADOLES(田NT PERIOD 151.53 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 152.10 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 154.80 151.53 〔n=ヱ) 154.80 154.80 151.53 151.53152ユ0
151.47 159.10 158.35 154.70 154.45 145.95 166.75 152.70 143.05 145.90 154.00 152.50 159.05 159.10 154.80 155.45 155.77 163.33 工56.00 154.80 157.80 154・80 154.65 154・80 166.55. 154.80 154.45・ 154.80. 158.45 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 151.53 154.80 151.53 154.80 151.53 151.53 148.00 152.90 162.45 161.85 158.03 157.80 152.13 159.40 157.93 156.50 一79.81 −23.65 129.33 −・R8.80 −68.08 一34.17 −133.18 75.30 36.63 −202.40 37.90 −69.88 33.28 6.42 一38.7σ 一38.38 80.37 −75.72 123.98 61.05 −106.58 137.53 −203.53、 32.68 一84.20 36.80 56.03 −41.33 13.51 22.35 32.81 4.60 −47.20 −22.49 1.526 0.875 0.188 1.250 1.438 1.184 1.938 0.500 0.688 2.250 0.750 1.468 0.813 1.008 1.250 1.188 0.498 1.578 0.211 0.625 1.688 0.188 2.313 0.813 1.500 0.750 0.688’ 1.313 0.954』 0.873 0.787 1.000 1.354 1.181 Table Ie 3 3 333
3 333
0.002 0.011 0.023 0.020 0.054 0.000 0.OlO 0.009 0.023M.MASUYAMA
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3S50
3551
3552
154.80 151.53 154.80 154.80 154.80 149.50 154.80 154.80 154.80 154.80 146.55 149.25 162.50 158.25 158.05 157.00 154.85 156.50 154.35 158.15 1.43 106.46 65.75 71.18 51.63 73.94 106.48 59.75 −203.63 32.38 0.938 0.283 0.625 0.563 0.688 0.556 0.313 0.625 2.313 0.813 4 O.e32 Table Ifpopuユation
American
〔Caucasian) 1934−59Londoner
1959−65Indian
1968French
1955Japanese
19601968
mfmfmfmfmfmf
KMI
166.93 161.40 166.37 156.13 168.23 156.28 162.30 154.00 166.93 156.28 166.93 155:70蜘
y 168.85 161.40 166.73 161.17 158’D 80 149,90 154.60 154.33 161.23 152.60 163.40 152.88㎝
a
一144.19 −298.54 −132.08 −255.87 −207.39 s410,39 −−8.44 10.62 −94.54 −259.26 −25.72 −63.80Table
II[1, ab
1.875 2.943 1.796 2.671 2.171 3,585 1.005 0.933 1.532 2.635 1.133 1.392 ] 4 △ 0.001052 0.065084 0.001578 0.191887 0.014582 0,011438 0.059038 0.029899 0.151526 0.128161 0.036385 0.094381 ピ 14−17 14−17 14−16 14−i6 15−−17 14←17 13−15 12−15 14−17 14−17 14−17 13・−16 ★ filles fonm6es.㎜㎝…G㎜一ERIOD
population
AJilerican .〔cau(as ian) 1934−59Londoner
1959−651ndian
1968Frehch
l955Japanese
19601968
mfmf皿f皿f皿f皿f
IEem 123.63 123.22 123.63 120.32 123.63 117.53 126.30 126.00 123.63 123..22 123.63 123.22 一em y l25.17 124.65 123.00 119.10 115.98 109.95 124.44 123.60 119.40 118.68 121.08 120.65㎝
a
一4.20 5.52 −10.12 −7.01 −6.04 −8.14 −−n.94 11.70 5.05 6.01 −2.08 0.29b
1.046 0.967 1.077 1.048 0!.987 1.005 0.993 0.888 0.925 0.914 0.996 0.977. △ 0.661 0.516 0.270 0.308 1.212 0.264 0.037 0.156 0.317 0.122 0.028 0.211ピ
5←10 5−10 5←10 5−9 5←10 5−9 6−10 6−10 5−10 5−10 5−10 5−10 Table II b (i) 〔ii) (iii〕 〔iv) (v〕 121.02 123.68 162.30 164.98 「166.93 120..40 123.35 154.88 155.82 1S6.28 一4.12 −7.96 104.85 119.61 127.60 1.029・ 1、062 0.308 0.220 0.ユ75 0.117 0.888 1.221 ’ 0.067 0.0025 5−9 5−10 12−17 13−17 14−17 Table III 4. After submitting the first皿anusc苦ip土.to.the.editors†.Dぼ㌔ K. FUkutomi sent to the author a皿other report [A.1].Its analysis reconfinns tlle validity of our mode1.1966−70 V。’ U、、b Vb P.・ .t n
mal・ 85.422.4ヱ.・5・.48322.・.997・4.・・r・.25)・7.75、、ヱ.、69
fet,ia1。 ヱヱ4.532−78.820.68922..0.99915.50rO.25)17.75 90’∼14ヱ
The author nrust express his obligation to Dr. K. Fukutσrni and Prof. Dr. M..Takaishi, who kindly sent ccpies of survey reports for the writer’s use.M.MASUYAMA
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