Vol．7，No．5，6 254
HabitatPreftrenceofApodemusspeciosusandMicrotusmontebelli
inLowlandHabitatsinWesternHonshuand
NorthernShikoku，Japan＊ YukibumiKANEKO BiologlCalLaboratory，FacultyofEducation，KagawaUniversity， Takamatsu，Japan ABSTRACT．− Using3473trap−nights，COllectionofsmallmammalswascarriedout onthelowlandhabitatsinthedistricts ofKyoto，Chugoku，andnorthernShikoku． Traps were set within the runway of voles，mice and moles・When肋rotusmontebelliwasnotcollected，Apodemus軍eCiosusenteredintothetrapsonthehabitats
ofriverbanks，abandonedpaddy丘elds，footpathsbetweenpaddyfieldsandvegetable fields．Furthermore，A．坤eCiosuswasrestrictedtoslopesinthepresenceofM・mOnte−
belli，Whilein the area where M・mOntebelliwas absent A・4，eCiosus was we11re−
presentedonthe且atareaaswell・Thesefindingsarediscussedwithotherreports・ ItissuggestedthatthedensityofMmontebellia鮎ctedthehabitatofA・4，eCiosusin lowlandhabitats． IntrodtlCtion InthelowlandhabitatsofnorthernShikoku，Apodemus軍eCiosushasbeencaught predominantlyonriverbanks，fl00dgrasslandandpaddyfields，WhileMicrotusmon−
tebellihas notbeen captured onthese habitats（KANEKO，1972）・Althoughmany papers have been published on the interspecific relationship between Microtinae
rodentswhichinhabitalpineregionsorfbrestareasinJapan（ToKUDA，1950；OTA， 1958；OTA＆JAMESON，1961），1ittleisknownoftherelationshipbetweenM・mOnte− belliand A．軍eCiosusin agriculturalland・In previous papers（KANEKO，1972； 1973a・b）thepresent authorhas notcomparedpreciselythehabitatpreftrence of M．montebelliand A．軍eCiosus between western Honshu and northern Shikoku・
Therefbre the aim ofthe presentpaperis to clearthe habitatpreference between
M．montebelliandA．軍eCiosususlngthesamesampleasinthepreviouspapers・ Co11ectingIJOCalitiesandTrapplng
Thenumberofco11ectlnglocalitiesinwesternHonshuissixinKyotoPref・，SeVen
in Okayama Pref・，tWOin Hiroshima Pref・，Onein TottoriPref・and onein
Shimane Pref．，reSPeCtively．The number oflocalitiesin AwajiIslandis twoin
HyogoPref・andthenumberinnorthernShikokuistwoinTokushimaPref・，fourin KagawaPref．andfburinEhimePref・，reSPeCtively（Fig・1）・Localitiesinvestigated， collectingperiodsandaltitudeareshowninTablel・Trapsweresetwithintherunway ofvoles，miceandmoles．Pumpkinseedswereusedasbait．Trapswereexamined dailywhentheircatchwasremoved・Theremovalmethodwasemployedontwoor ＊ContributionNo．41fromtheBiologicalLaboratory，FacultyofEducation，KagawaUniversity・
1979年3月 HabitatPreferenceofApodemus3PeCiosusandMicrotusmontebelli 255 Tablel．Localitiesinvestigated，COllectingperiodandaltitude．
Locality Date Altitude
alSaga，Uky6Ward，KyotoCity，KyotoPref． 2 Umezu，Uky6Ward，KyotoCity，KyotoPref． 3 Nishikyogoku，Uky6Ward，KyotoCity，KyotoPref． 4 Kisshoin，MinamiWard，KyotoCity，KyotoPref． 5 Takeda，FushimiWard，Kyoto City，KyotoPref． 6Iwakura，Saky6Ward，KyotoCity，KyotoPref． June19−21，27−29，’70 40−60m Jul．む−6，’70 20−30m Junell−13，’71 20−30m Apr．16−18，’71 10−20m Apr．24−26，’71 10−20m May14−16，’71 100 m b HinoRiver，YoshiokaTown，YonagoCity，TottoriPref．Apr．5，’71 0−10m C HiiRiver，Kawato，TakeshiTown，IzumoCity， SbimanePref． d 6taRiver，Yagi，SatoTown，AsaDistrict，Hiroshima PI・ef． e Tonoshiki，JinsekiTown，JinsekiDistrict， HiroshimaI）ref． f TakahashiRiver，Kawabe，MabiTown，KibiDistrict， OkayamaI〉ref． g TakahashiRiver，KaminakaharaTown，SOjaCity， OkayamaI）ref． h AshimoriRiver，Ogawa＆Takatsuka，TakamatsuTowrl， KibiDistrict，OkayamaPref． i AsahiRiver，Hara，OkayamaCity，OkayamaPref． j SatomiRiver，Michikoshi，TamashimaCity， Okayaman−ef． k TakahashiRiver，NishiharaTown，KurashikiCity， OkayamaI〉ref． 10ku，OsakiTown，TamanoCity，OkayamaPref． m SumotoRiver，KamoTown，SumotoCity，HyogoPref． n MiharaRiver，Koi，MiharaTown，MiharaDistrict， HyogoPre仁 O YoshinoRiver，Takahama，Shimod6motoTown， TokushimaCity，TokushimaPref． p YoshinoRiver，KawashimaTown，OeDistrict， TokusbimaPref． q K6toRiver，IchinomiyaTown，甘akanlatSuCity， KagawaPref． r DokiRiver，Matsuki∴MinamiTown，MarugameCity， ⅩagawaPref． S Nishihara，Sard6Town，ZentsqiiCity，濫agawaPref． t SaitaRiver，Motoyama，ToyonakaTown，Mitoyo District，KagawaPref・ D．＄γJet， u NakayamaRiver，Ipponmatsu，KomatsuTown，Sus8 EhimePref． V Kaida，NyugawaTown，Susa District，EhimePref． W ShigenobuRiver，FurukawaTown，MatsuyamaCity， Ebime‡lref． X ShigenobuRiver，MorimatsuTown，MatsuyamaCity， EbimePrer． Apr．6，Jul．27，’71 Apr．3，’71 0ct．16−17，’72 Jan．14，り3 Jan．15，’73 Jan．16，’73 JaIl．17，’73 0ct．15，’70 0ct．16，’70 0ct．18，’72 Mar．19，ワ1 Mar．20，’71 Mar．21，’71 Mar．22，’71 Mar．23−24，’71 Mar．25，’71 Mar．26，’71 Mar．27−28，’71 Mar．29，’71 Mar．30，’71 Mar．31，’71 Apr．1，ワ1 0−10m lO−20m lO−20m lO−20m lO−20m lO−20m lO−20m O−5m O−5m O−5m O−10m 20−30m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m O−50m、 0−50m
OLIVE 香川大学学術情報リポジトリ
哺乳動物学雑誌
256 Vol．7，No．5，6
Fig．1．Map ofwesternHonshu，ShikokuandKyushu to show29localities where Smallmammalsweretrapped，1970−73．Sma11Romanlettersindicatelocalities investigatedasshowninTablel．
three successivenightsinninelocalities（seeTablel）・Stations ofsnap−traPSWere
laidinlineswithaboutalOmeterinterval・Onestationwaslaidwiththreetrapsat adistanceofonetotwometers．Ateachlocalitytrapstationsconsistedof12to33， most，丘equently17．Mostly，theauthortriedtolaytraplinesinseveralneighboring habitatsinalocality． Tenprincipalhabitatswererecognized：（A）riverbanks，（B）fl00dgrasslandwith tallherbs，（C）ricestacks，（D）vegetablefields，（E）abandonedpaddies，（F）fbotpaths betweenpaddy丘elds，（G）dikesinpaddy丘elds，（H）denseshrubsorbamboogroves，（Ⅰ） PaStureS，（J）composts，（K）agriculturalroadsand（L）mulberryfields，butitismorere− vealingtotreatthedatain14categoriesbydividingtheriverbanksintothickgrowth Ofgrassorshrub（Al）andsparselycoveredwithgrassorshrub（A2）sections，the abandoned paddiesinto thick growth ofgrass（El），SPareSely coveredwith grass
（E2）and fbotpaths（E3）sections，and also separating slopes ofvergeinvegetable fields（D2）丘omtheflatareaofvegetablefields（Dl）・
ResⅥ1ts
The distribution of smallrodents according to habitats（Table2）is given
separatelyin the districts of Kyoto，Chugoku except Kqjima Peninsula，Kqjima Peninsula，AwajiIsl．and northern Shikoku．Microtus montebelliwas not caught in allhabitats of northern Shikoku，AwajiIsl．and Kqjima Peminsula where Apodemus軍eCiosuswascollected．InHonshu，eXCePtKqjimaPeninsula，M・mOn− tebelliwasfoundonriverbanks，fl00dgrasslandwithtallherbs，abandonedpaddies，
fbotpathsbetweenpaddyfields，dikesinpaddyfieldsandslopesofvergeinvegetable
1979年3月 HabitatPrefbrenceofJ4podbmus岬eCiosusandMicrotusmontebelli 257 トト 占V一に﹁ れ○−○ ︻M O ○卜 ︻ −寸 ○ 竺＝M かめ C 寸やー○ ト∽ ○ 仇 ○ M O ト︻やト 竺［一岩 ロメO嘉一S 8JO卓JOZ ．召ぷqd占笥S邑台苫巴盛苛口○邑空こOJぷ己n已−雲○ト︰↑↑ ど卓ぎ壷≡さ虔﹁屋÷眉琶卓旨妄≦︰、ぢ弓⋮⊇竃ぷミ巧、Dモe≦︰昏三宮喜召邑：さ長さ肯︰還∴彗遥茎墨迂⊇盲点彗︰真言 ．︸琶−00SS︻Oq∈お篭已○⋮−空貞d琶hO軋瀞 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 寸 く＝〉 lハ M 卜1＝〉 ▼・｝ （＼ M ∞ ○ れ ー︻ 卜 ○ 寸 0 0 O N M 「】 ▼−■ N ト ▼・づ ▼・・・■ ⊂〉†・｛ く＝〉 ⊂〉 ▼・・■ N −・｛▼・・■ ︻れ O M︻ N︻ 0 0 卜01− ∽︻ ∽︶d美qd月JO∽乱合︶d巴名葛□○邑d七−雲○︸p□d︸烏n8∽︸8pOhコd已ごOh岳8日n∽．N Olqd↑ 芸の︸0叫Jl溜p︶8J名石︸d邑空︸p已dSld己竃d−〇．〇Z ヒ〓≦ござ∵苛 ﹄n∽已叫白山一 言名義 りM ︷ ○ 寸 りり O N 寸 N︻ 0 0 ︻ 寸N 0 0 0 のMt− N 仇 ．nぷ○ぷ3∽已月盲○百p已d︸0叫h︸溜pヨぷ○ぎ占U ↑↑﹁ 篭喝 0仇 ○ ∞Ml 0 れ寸 ○ コ○ M ト︻ Nり ○︻ 寸N− ○り N寸 りt M NNやN ∽ M ON nり 0 0 0 0 N 0 0 0 0 （＝〉 ⊂〉 N N く＝〉 ⊂）N ⊂〉 く＝〉（1 ⊂〉 ⊂〉（＝〉 ⊂〉1＝〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉（＝〉（＝〉 ▼■ く＝〉 ▼→ ⊂〉 ▼・｛く⊃ ⊂〉 （：紹r＼l（¶ ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 N ⊂〉 ⊂〉l√lく⊃ Nlハ 寸 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ▼→ ⊂〉 N ∝〉・寸・M（＝〉（＝〉 ▼・・｛ N ▼・・■ 0 0 − ○ れき叫UO︸O入出眉 双岩−m MM O− ↑ト 鵬虔﹁ぎ苫 、■ヾ M ▼一寸ln l√l＼D 一っ＼M F− m ＼、D（）0 寸 寸 ⊂〉 001′l N＼．D ＼、⊂〉 ▼・｛ ▼・・■ くコ〉 く＝〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ▼・｛ ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 き叫UO︸Oh出 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 t＝〉 ⊂〉 ▼・イ く＝〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂）⊂〉 く＝〉 N ▼・｛ ⊂〉 N ⊂〉 N N（＝〉 ⊂〉 一＝〉 M ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉l√l⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ⊂〉 ℡＼ 1＝〉（＝ ▼・・・づ M Nl√1 ⊂〉 N N 寸 卜l√lN ⊂〉 （＝〉 ∞ ▼・｝ t・｛ ぐヾ ー．て∼≦ 寸N O㈲ t雲○ト 碁︶d︶叫qdH J 匹 h − H ロ ﹄ M山 N囲 一国 凪匡 −白 じ 閂 Nく ︻く
OLIVE 香川大学学術情報リポジトリ
Vol．7，No．5，6
258
阜摘㍉︵ぎ
20 柑
Fig．2．Profile diagram ofsix types ofhabitats to show capture rate ofMicrotus montebelliand Apodemus speciosus．AreaIindicates the totalcapture rate
in Kyoto City and Chugoku district exceptKQ3imaPeninsula，Where肱monte−
belliwas trapped．AreaIIshows the totalcapture ratein Kq5ima Peninsula， AwajiIsl．and northern Shikoku，Where M．montebelliwas not captured． Totalcapture ratewas calculated according to the followlng formula：tOtal
animals xlOO／totalnumberoftrapsondifferenthabitatsinrespectiveareas．
and slopes of vergein vegetablefields・However，atJinsekiin the district of Chugoku，tWO，4podemus軍eCiosuswerecollectedonthefbotpathbetweenabandoned Paddieswhichwere adjacentto a shrubby hillside・Both species were caughtin neighboring traps on river banks and slopes ofvergein vegetablefields・Where
there was no capture of M．montebelli，A．軍eCiosus enteredinto traps on river banks，abandonedpaddy丘elds，footpathsbetweenpaddyfieldsandslopesofverge invegetable丘elds．A．軍eCiosuswas alsofbundondenseshrubsorbamboogroves withoutthereferencetotheoccurrenceofM．montebelli．InFig．2comparisons of
thecapturerate（totalanimalsxlOO／th領Otalnumberoftrapsondifferenthabitats）of
M．montebeHiandA．軍eCiosusbetweenthetwoareaswhereM・mOntebelliwaspresent or absent are made onfive habitats．A．軍eCiosus was commonly found with M・ montebelliontheslopesofbanksorvegetablefields，WhereasA・甲eCiosusoccurredon abandonedpaddiesandfbotpathsbetweenpaddy丘eldsintheareawhereM・mOnte−
belliwasnotcaught．
Discussion
FromFig．2Apodbmus軍eCiosuswasrestrictedto sIopes ofbanks orvegetable fields，When M．montebelliappeared，While，in the area where M．montebelliwas absent，A．軍eCiosuswaswellrepresentedonthe且atareaasabandonedpaddiesand fbotpaths between paddyfieIds．NAWA（1961）collected smal1mammals onriver banks ofArakawa River，nOrtherndistrictofTokyo and showed thatA．軍eCiosus
WaS CaPtured from the upperside ofbanks to thelower border ofbanks and not PreSented on vegetablefields alongriver，While M nwntebelliwas collected on
1979年3月 HabitatPreferenceofApodemus坤eCiosusandMicrotusmontebelli 259
grassy slopes of banks and vegetablefields alongriver，Furthermore YosHIDA
（1969）reported that M．montebelliwas not caught on dikes and river banks at YanagawaCity，nOrthernKyushuforsevenyears，WhereasA・4？eCiosuswaspresented on these habitats．According to CoRBET（1966）A．jylvaticus，Whichis a typical
mouse ofthe deciduous and Mediterrenian woodlandzones，thrives on the tree−1ess moors ofseveralislandsinthe absence ofMicrotusthatwould normally dominate thesehabitatsonthemainlandofEngland．
Inthepreviouspaper（KANEKO，1973b），theremovalmethodofsmallmammals was carried outduringthreenightsin arectangulararea（60m x50m）of young a肋restedlandsin Hiroshima Pref．，M．montebelliwaspredominantlycapturedin theareafbrthreedaysandnights．OneanimalofA．4，eCiosuswascapturedateach ofthree margins ofthe area，reSPeCtively，at the second（two ftmales）and third
night（onefemale）・Theoutsideofthelastェarginhadbeendamagedbyalandslide，
sotherewerenotreesandgrass．Thereforeltisconcludedthatwiththedecreasein
the number ofM．montebelli，A．軍eCiosus entered the area fYom three directions． GRANT（1971）showedin experimentalenclosures that，fbllowing the removalof Microtus，the ffequency of occurrence of woodland species of Peronv）SCuS rOSe
sharply，andfurther，WhennewMicrotuswereaddedto thegrassland，itdidresult inarestrictionofthecaptureofPeromyscusinthegrasslandtothetwo traprows adjacenttothehabitatinterface．SincePeronv，SCuSShowsaremarkableconvergence toApodemusinappearenceandecology，ltSuggeStSthatthedensityofM・mOntebelli affectedthehabitatofA．甲eCiosusinlowlandhabitats． Acknowledgement
Iwishto express my thanks to Mrs・M．W．Slocumfbr checkingthe English language． 摘要 金子之史：本州西部およゝび鱒四国の農耕地におけるアカ ハタネズミの棲息場所の比較 ．と 、、ヽ ズ 、ネ 小哺乳煩の採集を，京都，中国および北四国地方の平野部の農耕地・堤防・河川敷で行い，ノ、タネ ズミとアカネズミの棲息場所の選択の比較を試みた。ギロチソトラップはネズミあるいはモグラの地 中の坑道に設置した。ハタネズミが採集されないところでほ，アカネズミは堤防，休耕地，畦および 野菜畑で採集された。比較検討の結果，ハタネズミが採集されるところでのアカネズミは斜面に限っ て捕獲された。一方，ハタネズミが採集されないところのアカネズミは平面および斜面で描獲され た。これらの結果をいままでの調査報告と比較検討した。そして，ハタネズミの密度の増減が，平野 部の農耕地周辺にいるアカネズミの棲息場所の選択の仕方に影響を与えていると示唆された。 Refbrences CoRBET，G．B．1966．Theterestrialmammals ofWesternEurope．G．T．Foulis，London．264pp．
GRANT，P．R．1971．Experimentalstudies ofcompetitiveinteractionin a two−SPeCies system．III．
哺乳動物学奔臣誌
2（；0 Vol．7，No．5，6
Microt鵬andPero〝り岱CuSinenclosures．J．Anim．Ecol．，40：323−350．
KANEKO，Y．1972．OccurrenceofsmallmammalsfromthenorthernpartofShikoku．Mem．Fac． Educ．，KagawaUniv．，ⅠⅠ，（213）：1−7．qnJapanesewithEnglishabstract．）
．1973a．On smallmammals collected on the district ofChugoku and the AwajiIsland．
Reports on NaturalEnvironmentalPreservation ofSourrounding Area by the13ridging
WorkfortheConnectionbetweenHonshuandShikokuIslands，（ScientificPart）：114−122．
（InJapanesewithEnglishabstract．）
．1973b．GeographicallysmallscaledistributionofJapanesemeadowmice，Microtusmonie− belli．Distributionalpattern ofsmallrodentsin the alluvialarea ofKyoto City．Mem．
Fac．Educ．，KagawaUniv．，II，（224）：1−13．￠nJapanesewithEnglishabstract．）
NAWA，A．1961．Notes onsma11mammalsfoundontheriverbanks ofArakawaRiver，nOrthern districtofTokyo．J．Mamm．Soc．Japan，2：23−28．（InJapanese．）
OTA，K．1958．StudiesontheinterspecificrelationshipofMuridrodents．ⅠⅠⅠ．Habitatsegregation inasmalltreestand．Jap．J．Ecol．，8：149−156．（InJapanesewithEnglishsummary．） ＆JAMESON，E．W．，JR．1961．EcologicalrelationshipsandeconomicimportanceofJapanese
Microtinae．Ecology，42：184−186．
ToKUDA，M．1950．Field mice and shrew−mOles of Mts．Ontake and Yatsugatake with special refbrenceto“sympatric”and”a1lopatric”mammalianspeciesfbundinthesedistricts．Zool． Mag．，59：210−213．qnJapanesewithEnglishresume．）
YosHIDA，H．1969．Distributions ofinsectivores and murine mammalsin Fukuoka Preftcture． BiologicaFukuoka，（9）：1−6，けnJapanesewithEnglishsummary．）
