日本産ムカデノリ科の分類学的研究への寄与 （2）
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(2) Vol. 13 No. 2 Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei .University Mar. 1963. A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE. FROM JAPAN (2) Seisaku KAWABATA Biological Laboratory, Iwamizawa Branch, Hokkaido Gakugei University, Hokkaido, Japan,. Contents ffl. Description of the species with special reference to the anatomy and the developmental morphology •••••••••••••••31 IV. Conclusion .••••••••••••••••......••.•.•.•.•......•..••••.••••••••....... .35. V.. Summary. VI.. .....•.•••..•..... Literature. ••...................................... .......•••36. ...........................................................-.. •. .36. VII. Explanation of plates •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••'38. I. Description of the species with special reference to the anatomy and the developmental morphology 5. Pachymeniopsis pseudoelliptica sp. nov. (in manuscript) Pl. 15-19 Of the marine algae belonging to genus PacJzymeniopsis Yamada three species have hitherto been known, such as P. elliptica Yamada (Syn. Grateloupia elliptica Holmes), P. yendoi Yamada (Syn. Pachymenia carnosa Yendo) and P.lanceolata Yamada (Syn. Aeodes lanceolata Okamura). In addition to the species above enumerated, the writer proposed to give a description of a new species belonging to Pachymeniopsis based on the following materials. The description is in manuscript.. Material The materials were collected by Prof. Yamada and Mr. Tazawa from. Saga Prov. Tosa on April 29 1956, from Yabitsu and Koza, Prov. Kii in July 1957, and by the writer from. Kominato Prov. Awa in April 1956, 1957. The following account is the result of the observation on the structure of the thallus and the reproductive organ basing on the present materials.. Structure of the Thallus The thallus grows on rocks exposed to strong surf, being membranaceous, expanding irregularly leaf like,about 5 - 10 cm across, and adheres to substratum with undersurface of the. (37). 190.
(3) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPA (2) basal portion, irregulary lobed or split into segments, at the margin provided with protuberances, strongly rolls up in fresh water (Pl. 16, c-d). The thickness of the thallus is less than 1000 P-. The cortical layer consists of 6-12 layers of cells. The upper and the under cortex are usually unequal in their thickness (Pl. 15, a ; Pl. 17, c, d). The cortical cells are oblong or elongated, the outermost cells of cortex being irregularly shaped, oblong, spherical or frequently linear. The inner cortex is usually composed of stellate cells, but in some thalli the stellate cell are not conspicuous. The transverse connections are usually found among the inner cortical cells, but rarely among the upper and middle ones (Pl. 15, a ; Pl. 17, a-d).. The medullary layer is about 500 P- thick, constructed of filaments with the diameter of about 7 p.. Some of the medullar cells become very large and spherical, and attain 25 P. in diameter (Pl. 17, a, d; Pl. 22, f). Tetrasporangia The tetrasporangia arise from the middle cortical layer, as the branches of cojrtical filaments, and are divided into cruciate, being scattered on both surfaces of the thallus, which are sometimes produced in cystocarpic frond (Pl. 15, h, i).. Spermatangia The spermatangia arise from spermatangial mother cells which are terminally formed at the apex of cortical filaments. The sterile filaments are composed of long or oblong cells, while the filaments bearing spermatangia are spherical. The latter are derived from cells of 2 nd or 4 th layer from the surface. The spermatangial mother cell are located near the base of the steril surface-cell (pl. 19, a).. Development of the Cystocarp The carpogone and the auxiliary cell are formed in separate ampullae which start as secondarily developed lateral branches from the cells of middle corti&al layers (Pl. 15, b, d ; Pl. 18, a, c).. The carpogonial branch consists of hypogynous cell and carpogone. The supporting cell is usually the 6 th from the cell of middle or inner cortical filament. The trichogyne is remarkably swollen at the part close to the carpogone, with thick gelatinous wall (P1.15, b ; pl. 18, a, b). After fertilization, the gelatinous wall of the trichogyne increases in thickness, while at the same time, the supporting cell and its adjecent cells become very large and protoplasmic (Pl. 15, c). After connection with connecting filaments, the auxiliary cell which has thick gelatinous wall, cuts off the primary gonimoblast, namely the gonimoblast mother cell. From the primary gonimoblast the secondary gonimoblast is cut off, then a number of gonimoblast cells are cut off from it (Pl. 15, e-g ; Pl. 19, b). In the cystocarp several nuclei are formed, some of them being rudimental (Pl. 16, a; Pl. 19, d). The ampullar filaments, now exhausted, are surrounding the basal portion of the cystocarp, consequently the upper part of the cystocarp is directly surrounded by the medullary filaments (Pl. 16, a; Pl. 19, c). It is diffecult to make. 191. (32).
(4) Seisaku Kawabata. witKout staining a clear distinction between the filaments originated from medullary cells and those originated from ampullar filamentous cells, but when stained with cotton blue, the latter is more deeply affected than the former. The cortical filaments surrounding the carpostomata are slighly curved toward inside, but they show no special form as in those of Pachy-. meniopsis elUptica Yamada (Pl. 16, a ; Pl. 22, f). The four species above mentioned i. e. Pachymeniopsis lanceolata Yarn., Pachymeniopsis yendnoi Yarn., Pachymeniopsis elliptica Yarn. and the present species perfectly coincide with each other in showing the characteristics of the genus Pachymeniopsis Yarn. Yendo (1916) identified a small red alga collected from Prov. Hiuga, prov. Sagami and Prov. Shima with Sarcocladia crateriformis J. Ag.. Judging from the account given in his Note on Algae new to Japan p. 60, his material seems to considerably resemble the present material in such characters as having a minute perf oration in some small specimens, though it is not a constant character, and having a tendency to roll up downwards when taken off from. substratum.. His material was young and was not able to examine the reproductive organ, while t c present material is adult and the cystocarps are quite matured.. Okamura (1936) noticed that the Sarcocladia crateriformis J. Ag. identified by Yendo was nothing but a young frond of Grateloupia elliptica Holmes. Though the writer has not been able to examine Narita's specimen which was examined by Yendo. he is driven to consider that at least the very same algae as the present material may have been mixed among the Narita's specmens. In fact, the young frond of Grateloupia elliptica Holmes so much resmbles the present species, that it is very difficult to distinguish each other, but the present material is quite matured in spite of its small size, measuring less than 15 cm in length, while. the Grateloupia elliptica Holmes, namely Pachymeniopsis elliptica Yamada, attains a length of at least 20 cm when matured.. 6. Phyllymenia sparsa (Okam.) Kylin Pl. 20-21 Kylin, Guttung der Phodophyceen, 1954, p. 220 ; Syn. Cyrtymenia sparsa Okam., Icon. Jap. Alg. Vol. 7, 1934, No. 4, pp. 33-36, pl. 319, 320 ; Schmitz, Kliner Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Florideen VI, 1896, Nouva Notarisia p. 39 ; Takamatsu, Mar. Alg. from Tsugaru Strait, Notheastern Honshu Jap. 1938, p. 39 ; Kawabata, On the Maine Algae from the Coast of Ibaraki Prefecture, Botany and Zoology (Shokubutsu and Dobutsu) Vol. 7, 1939, No. 9, p. 55. Japanese name : Hizirimen The present species was described as a new species by Dr. Okamura basing on. the specimens collected from. Onahama Prov. Iwaki. Recently Kylin, 1954,removed the present species. from Cyrtymenia to Phyllmenia. Material The examined materials were collected from Oarai Prov. Hitachi by the writer in April. 1954 and May 1955. Structure of the Thallus. (. 33. ). 192.
(5) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) Thallup is about 30 cm or more in length, 3-10 cm in breadth, about 500 -" thick, furnished with short stipe, becoming broadly. expanded, irregularly lobed, with similarly shaped lobes. The surface of the thallus is rugose when fertile, while even and smooth when young (Pl. 21,. e).. .. The cortex is composed mostly of 5-6 layers of cells. The cortical filament is once or twice dichotomously divided, composed of spherical cells, tapering upward. The outer cortical cells are disposed densely.. The. inner cortical cells are large, spherical or irregularly shaped, more or less loosely connected with each other. The transverse connections of cor.tical cells are only found among the inner cortical cells, though rarely in the middle cortical layer, and never in the outer cortical layer. The medullary filaments are about 5 ?• in diameter, dichotomously or irregularly branched, rather loosely interlaced. The cells of tetrasporic thalli are larger than those of sexual thalli (Pl. 20, g ; Pl. 21, c). Tetrasporangia The tetrasporangia arise from the cells of middle cortical layer, being homologous with the third cells from apical cells of the ^cortical filaments. Okamura refers in his description to the present species as "having tetraspores and cystocarps evenly scattered over the surface'',. but in the present investigation the tetrasporangia are found produced on the part of concave surface, not on the co vex surface. This fact is quite different from. the character of genus Cyrtymenia described by F. Schmitz in his Kleiner Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Florideen VI, Nouva Notarisia (Pl. 20, g). Spermatangia The spermatangia are produced from the spermatangial mother cells, which are homologous to the cells of the surface layer. The spermatangial mother cells more protoplasmic than the sterile cortical cells, cut off spermatangia transversely or diagonally to the surface The surface of spermatangial area is lower than the sterile area. The spermatangia are not evenly stained wi'th cotton blue, but densely stained in one side of them (Pl. 20, h).. Development of the Cystocarp The carpogonial branch as well as the auxiliary cell arises from the bottom of the ampulla which grows in .the inner cortex. The supporting cell is usually assumed to be the third cell from the terminal cell of medullary filament, bearing carpogonial branch. The carpogonial branch is two-celled, being composed of a hypogynous cell and a carpogone. The gelatinous wall of trichogyne is very thick, especially in the part of carpogone. The auxiliary cell is densely protoplasmic, grows rapidly and attains a considerable size, and arises intercalarly from the filament at the bottom of the ampulla (Pl.20, a-c ; Pl, d). After fertilzation, though the writer was not able to ascertain the developmental stages of the fusion cell, the carpogone seems to fuse with the hypogynous cell and the neighbouring cells, and becomes a large, irregularly shaped fusion cell (Pl. 20, b). From the fusion cell several connecting -filaments are given, off. The connecting filaments seek out the auxiliary cells and fuse with them. After fusion of connecting filaments with auxiliary cell, the auxi-. 193. (. 34. ).
(6) Seisaku Kawabata. liary cell issues out a new connecting filament which continues growing towards the other auxiliary cell (Pl. 20, d). Consequently, some auxiliary cell seems as if it was connected with two connecting filaments from the fusion cell at the same time (Pl. 20, e, f). After fusion with connecting filament, the auxiliary cell cuts off a primary gonimoblast, which cuts off a secondary gonimoblast successively. From. this secondary gonimoblast a number of gonimoblasts are produced (Pl. 20, f ; Pl. 21, b). The ripe cystocarp is invested with enveloping filaments, which originated from ampullar filaments and medullary filaments, and is immersed deeply into medullary layer. The depression at the part of carpostoma is remarkable as shown in Pl. 20, i. It is easy to discern the cystocarp in dry materials, while in the fresh material is rather difficult due to the rugosity on the surface. This alga was described by Dr. Okamura (1937) as a new species belonging to genus Cyrtymenia. Recently Kylin (1954) has removed it to the genus Phyllymenia. The writer has not been able to examine any specimens of Phyllymenia, but comparing the present species with Phyllymenia. hieroglyhica J. Ag. which is illustrated by Kutzing (1867) in Tab. Phyc. XVIII, T. 18, it has been noticed that the present species do'es not coincide with the latter in several characters, such as tetrasporangium-formation, enveloping filaments of cystocarp etc.. As has already been proposed by Prof. Yamada, the writer also wishes to establish a new genus for the present alga.. ly. Conclusion As the result of the present study it would be concluded as follows. The fundamental differences in developmental stages among the species exameined her are only a few, except the differences in the size of cells, the features of ripe cystocarps and in the distribution of tetrasporangia on the surface of thallus. As regards the structue of the thallus there are remarkable differences noticed among species. The following table and the semidiagram (Pl. 22) show the data of measurment in the cross section of the thallus and remarkable characters of the reproductive ogans. As a key for classification of species or genera, the type of developmental process of gonimoblast can hardly be used, though there remains the possibility of classification based on the type of gonimoblastformation and the type of the rudimental nucleus in the cystocarp in future. The differences of inner structure of the thalli would be a more available standard for the classification. Table 1 thickness. thickness. w. w (about). 400. 60. of thallus. Grateloupia. Pachymeniopsis. lanceolata. of. cortex. thickness of medulla. C"). (about). 280. envelopment of cysptocarp. tetrasporangium. invested with. enveloping filameats throughly. scattered on both surfaces evenly. under half of the. mature tetra-. nucleus invested with enveloping fi laments. C 35). sporophyte is rugose. other remarks. medullary fi lament. very lax. ripe cystocarps gathering in an irregular patches 1QA.
(7) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) 1000. P. yendoi. or. 300. 400. more. 1000 p.. ellipiica. or. more. p.. up to. pseudo-. 1000. ellipiica. 250 or. under half of. sparsa. shows unequal. thickness of. nucleus invested with enveloping fi laments. cortex. 500. cortex. 70. shows special shape in the upper part of the cystocarp. filaments, showing special shape of cystocarps. 200. Phyllymenia. under half of the. with enveloping. 500. upper. 300. rudimental nucleus in cystocarp not detected. nucleus invested. more. under. only basal por- scattered on tion invested both surfaces with enveloping evenly fila- ments. 350 throughly. cortex in. opposite. side produced ,in the part of concave surface of rugosity. auxiliary cell produces a new connecting. filament from it. V . Summary In the present work, the systematic study of Grateloupiaceae was made with special references to the structure of thallus and the development of reproductive organ basing on the species from Japan closely resembling in external characters. Five genera such as Aeodes, Pachymenia, Grateloupia, Phyllym.enia (Cyrtymenia) and Pachymnoiepsis from Japan were studied, and six species belonging them were observed in detaital, one of which was defined as a new species by the writer. The critical considerations were given on each species. In addition to these species, the microphotograph of the Aeodes nitidissima J. Ag. (the type species of genus Aeodes J. Ag.) from Auckland, the Grateloupia filicina (Wulf.) Ag. (the type species of Grateloupia Ag.) from Muroran, Hokkaido, and the Grateloupia Uvida (Harvey) Yamada from Chikura Prov. Awa were explained for reference.. VI. Literature Agardh, C. A., 1822, Species algarum rite cognitae cum synonymis, differentiis specificis et descriptionibus succinctis. Vol. 1, pars 2, pp. 221-225, Lund. Agardh, J. G., 1851, Species, genera et ordines algarum, Vol. II,, p. 173, Lund. ., 1876, Idem. Vol. Ill, Epicrisis systematis Floridearum pp. 143-145, Lund. Balakrishinan, M. S., 1949, The developmental morphology and cytology of Grateloupia lithophila Borgesen. Journ. Ind. Bot. Soc. Vol. XXVIII, No. 4, pp. 205-212. Berthold, G., 1884, Die Cryptonemiaceen des Golf es von Neapel und der abgrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 12. Daines, L. L., 1913, "Comparative development of the Cystocarps of Antithamnion and Prionitis. Univ. Calif. Publ. Botany, 4, 283-302." De-Toni, J. B., 1905, Sylloge Algarum IV. Sylloge Floridearum, pp. 1536-1619, Patavii. Fritsch, F. E., 1952, The structure and reproduction of the Algae, Vol, II, pp. 486-8, 583, 668-9. Harvey, W., 1849, British Marine Algae p. 137, Pl. 17, A. London. Hasegawa, Y., 1949, A list of the marine algae from Okushiri Island. Sci. Pap. Hokkaido Fish. Sci. Inst. No. 3, p. 56.. Hirohashi, T., 1937, On the distribution of marine algae in Awashima, Etigo. (III). Botany and zoology,. 195. (36).
(8) Seisaku Kawabata Vol. 5, No. 6, p. 1123. (Japanese) Hirose, H., 1958, A list of marine algae from Tajima. Hyogo-Seibutsu Vol. 3, No. 4. (Japanese) Holmes, E. M., 1895, New marine algae from Japan. Joun. Lin Soc. Vol. 3, p. 253. Inagaki, K., 1933, Marine red algae of Oshoro Bay, Hokkaido and its adjacent waters p. 26. Inst. Alg, Res., Bull., No. 2, Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ. (Japanese) Kawabata, S., 1939, On the marine algae from the coast of Ibaraki Prefecture. Bot. and Zool. Vol. 7, No. 9, p. 55. (Japanese) ., 1954, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of Grateloupia tw'uturu Yamada, Sorui Bull. Jap. Soc. Phycol, Vol. II, No. 2, pp. 1-4. (Japanese) ., 1954, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of Pachywieniopsis lanceolata Yamada. Sorui, Vol. II, No. 3, pp. 11-15. (Japanese) ., 1955, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of a red algae belonging to the Grateloupiaceae. Sorui, Vol. Ill, No. 1, pp. 6-10. (Japanese) ., 1956, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of Cyrtymenia sparsa Okam,, Sorui, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 8-13. (Japanese) ., 1957, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of Pachymeniopsis yendoi Yarn., Sorui, Vol. V, No. 1, pp. 8-12. (Japanese) ., 1958, The structure of the frond and the reproductive organ of Pachymeniopsis elliptica Yamada. Sorui, Vol. VI, No. 1, pp. 16-23. (Japanese) ., 1960, A list of marine algae in the vicinity of the Shirikishinai Marine Station. Journ. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ., Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 285-296. (Japanese) Kawashima, S., 1955, A list of the maine algae from the coast of Iwate Prefecture, II, Rhodophyceae. Sorui, Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 3. (Japanese) Kiitzing, Fr., 1867, Tabulae phycologicae, XVIII, T. 17-22. Nordhausen Kylin, H., 1930, Uber die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Florideen. Lunds Univ. Arsskr. N. F, Avd. 2 Bd. 26, Nr. 6, ss. 213-224. 1937, Anatomie der Rhodophyceen. Handb. d. Pflanzenanatomie. Hrsg. van K. Linsbauer, Abt, II, Bd. 6, Teilb. 2, S. 221. Berlin. ., 1954, Die Gattungen der Rhodophyceen. SS. 213-224, Lund. Okamura, K., 1902, Nippon Sorui Mei-i. Ed. I, Tokyo. ., 1927, Report of the biological survey of Mlutsu Bay, 4. Marine algae and adjacent waters, I. Imp. Univ. 4th Ser., Biol. Sendai Jap. Vol. HI, No. 1, p. 16. ., 1930, On the algae from the Island Hatidyo. Rec. Oceanogr. works in Jap., Tokyo, Vol. II, No. 2, p. 95. ., 1930, Sorui Keito-gaku. pp. 353-355. Tokyo (Japanese) ., 1936, Nippon Kaiso-shi. pp. 592-557. Tokyo. (Japanese) Saito, Y., 1956, List of the marine algae from Nou, Echigo Prov. and its vicinity. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 96-108. (Japanese) Sjostedt, L. G., 1962, Floridean Studies. Lunds Univ. Arsskrift, N. F. Avd. 2. Bd. 22, Nr. 4. Schmitz, Fr., 1889, Systematische Ubersicht der bisher bekannten Gattung der Florideen. Flora, Bd. 72, p. 18. Marburg. ., 1896, Kleiner Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Florideen Vt, Nouva Notarisia. Padova. Schmitz, Fr. und Hauptfleisch, 1897, P., Rhodophyceae,-in Engler und Pantl, Die natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien,. I. :. 2,. s.. 508.. Leipzig.. ,A'. Segawa, S., 1935, On the marine algae of Susaki. Prov. Idzu, and its vicinity. Sci. Pap. Inst. Algolog. Res.,. (57). l°e.
(9) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) Fac. ScL, Hokkaido Imp. Univ. Vol. I, No. 1, P. 75. , Smith, G. M., 1944, Marine algae of the Monterey Peninsula, California. pp. 238-249. Stanford Univ. Press. New York. • Takamatsu, M., 1938, Marine algae from Tsugaru Strait, Northeastern Honshu Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Res. Bull., No. 8, p. 39. Sendai, Japan. ., 1939, Marine algae from the coast of Japan Sea in Northern Honshu, Japan. Saito Ho-on Kai M;useum Res. Bull. No. 17, Bot. No. 6, p. 53. Sendai Japan Taylor, w. R,, 1928, The marine algae of Florida with special reference to the Dry Tortugas, pp. 197-200. Washington. ., I960, Marine algae of the Easterm Tropical and Subtropical Coast of the Americas. Univ. of Mishigan Studies Sci. Ser, Vol. XXI, pp. 415-429. Tazawa, N., 1960, On the male reproductive organs of Grate-lozipia turuturu Yamada, Grateloupia elliptica Holmes, and a few algae being similar to them. Sorui, Vol. VIII, No. 3, pp. 34-39. (Japanese) Toldda, J., 1954, The marine algae of Southern Saghalien. Mem. Fac. Fish., Hokkaido Univ. Vol. 2, No. 1, p. 163. _, 1959, A list of marine algae collected in the vicinity of Oshoro Marine Biological Station, at Oshoro, Hokkaido, Japan. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ. Vol. 10, No. 3, p. 185. Yamada, Y., 1941, Notes on some Japanese algae IX. Sci. Pap. Inst. Algolog. Res., Fac. Sci., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Vol. II, No. 2, pp. 205-206. _, 1952, On the Grateloupia elliptica Holmes and a group of red algae closely related to it. Manuscript of lecture at 17th Annual Meeting of Bot. Soc. Jap. Yendo, K., 1911, Kaisan Shokubutsu-gaku, p. 736. Tokyo. (Japanese) _, 1914, Notes on algae new to Japan, II. Bot. Mag. Tokyo, Vol. 28, p. 279. _, 1916, Notes on algae new to Japan, IV. Id. Vol. 30, p. 60.. VI. Explanation of plates Plate 15 Pachymeniopsis pseiidoelliptlca sp. nov. a. Cross section of a frond. Note the unequal thickness of the cortices on both sides. X 100. b. Carpogonial ampulla with a carpogonial branch, x 300. c. Carpogonial ampulla after fertilization. Note the Increasing the plasma of ampullar filamentous cells,. and the thick gelatinous wall of the trichogyne. X 300. d. Part of cortex with an auxiliary ampulla. X 300. e, f. Auxiliary ampullae showing the auxiliary cells connected with connecting filaments (CF), and cutting off gonimoblasts (G). e, X200. f, X300. g. Young cystocarp showing the auxiliary cell (A) and the gonimoblast. X 200. h. Transverse section of a tetrasporic frond. X 200. i. Transverse section of the same frond with h, to show the variation of the appearance of cortex in the same frond. x 200.. Plate 16 Pachymeniopsis pseudoelliptica sp. nov. a. Mature cystocarp in transverse view, showing the remains of ampullar filaments (AF). X 100. b. Part of a cystocarp showing the ripe carpospores, the mdimental ones, the gonimoblast (IG, IIG) and. the auxiliary call (A). X 300.. C3S).
(10) Seisaku Kawabata c. Habit of a mature cystocarpic f.ronds from Yabitsu, Prov. Kii. X2/s. d. Habit of a young frond from Koshigoe, Prov. Sagami. 2/6. e. Habit of a mature male frond from Saga, Prov. Tosa. l/s.. Plate 17 Pachymeniopsis pseudoelliptica sp. nov. a. Part of a cortex in transverse view, showing the dichotomously branched filaments. X 400. b. Part of a cortex with no stellate cells in the inner cortex. X 400. c, d. Transverse sections of a fronds, showing the difference between upper cortex and under one. X100.. Plate 18 Pachymeniopsls pseudoelliptica sp. nov. a. Part of a female frond with carpogonial ampulla showing the carpogonial branch and the trichogyne in transverse view. X 400. b. Carpogonial ampulla showing the long trichogyne. X 400. c. Part of a female frond with the auxiliary ampulla in transverse view. x 400. d. Part of a female frond in transverse view, showing the auxiliary ampulla and the stellate cells of inner cortex. X 100.. Plate 19 Pachymeniopsis pseudoelliptica sp. nov. a. Part of a male frond in transverse view, showing the spermatangia. X 500. b. Gonimoblast formation. X 400. c. Mature cystocarp. X 100. d. Nucleus showing the ripe carpospores and the rudimental ones. X 100.. Plate 20 Phyllymenia sparsa (Okam.) Kylin a. Part of a female frond with the carpogonial ampulla in transverse view. X 400.. b. Carpogonial ampulla with fusion cell (F) growing out a connecting filaments (CF). X 400. c. Part of a female frond showing the auxiliary ampulla with connecting filament. X 400.. d. Auxiliary ampulla, showing the auxiliary cell which is connected with connecting filaments (CF) and cutting off the gonimoblast (G). Note the growing of the connecting filaments. X 400. e. Auxiliary ampulla with two connecting filaments and two gonimoblasts. X 400. f. Auxiliary ampulla with an auxiliary call cutting off the gonimoblasts. x 400. g. Part of a tetrasporic frond in transverse view. X 400. h. Part of a male frond in transverse view showing the spermatangia. X 400. i. Transverse section of a cystocarpic frond. X 35.. Plate 21 Phyllymenia sparsa (Okam.) Kylin a. Mature cystocarp in transverse view. x 200. b. Young cystocarp. X 400. c. Part of a cystocarpic frond in transverse view. x 100. d. part of a female frond with the auxiliary ampulla in transverse view. X 400. e. Habit of a tetrasporic frond. l/s.. (35). 198.
(11) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) Plate 22 Semi-diagram of examined species. (in transverse view) a. Grateloupia turuturu Yamada. b. Phyllymenia sparsa (Okamura) Kylin c. Pachywienippsis lanceolata Yamada d. Pachymeniopsis yendoi Yamada. e. Pachymeniopsis elliptica Yamada f. Pachymeniopsis pseudoelliptica sp. nov.. Plate 23 Aeodes nitidissima J. Ag., from Auckland. a. Part of a cystocarpic frond in transverse view, showing the cystocarp with network of filaments. x 100. b, c. Young cystocarp showing the gonimoblasts and the network of filaments. x 400.. Plate 24 Aeodes nitidissima J. Ag., from Auckland. a. Part of a female frond with the carpogonial ampulla in transverse view. x 400. b. Part of a female frond with the auxiliary ampulla in transverse view. x 400.. c. Auxiliary cell (A) after connected with connecting filament (CF). X 400.. Plate 25 a. Grateloupia filicina (wulf.) Ag. from Muroran Hokkaido. Cross section of a thallus showing the cystocarp. x 100. b. Grateloitpia livida (Harvey) Yamada from Chikura Prov. Awa. Cross section of a thallus showing the cystocarp. X 100.. 199. (. 40. ).
(12) Seisaku Kawafcata. (4-7). 200.
(13) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2). <D. 0. 201. (42).
(14) Siesaku Kawabata. Plate 17. i^yii^y. nf^w i U <k> \» I ^.'(. ^ T?. f^^\ J. ^ ^\V.f. •1^/?^. •••.•;1"^ 1 '• ,1 ^.'. ^^< -'. ^-^'<? ^ <>:: '1' '*.. '••. t. •<..>»•*". *t.. .:»s.^><t '-1T^' ^ *t. ?','s^'1 ... ir "' »»-...<«,• ,_»»"'><> • .. '.> -; '. *. ; '. :'"i. •• il. •'M ^J';..¥.t •r *:. (43). 202.
(15) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2:; Plate 18. a. wmw. •;< .ft'.;. (^ -^ '^1 ^.*i. >\\M^,i :s. ^•^^Y.' ^. ^^ i ^\ ]. ^t ^?-^j. 1^'^:^T^. "'1^.'M>€^-^r^l-yL.4 r-1^";'. ~^'w^-;^. ^ V'i^.-^r--s5 ^T .^"-^-^r-. '^'^ k^-<. w^'^-^y ^^i) •jji'^. re^'s.-i;'. ws.y^ 203. (44).
(16) Seisaku Kawabata. Plate 19. ^^"'^"<^"^-¥T'. --"'^. ^^SJ^JSf^—" ^<71^PT'^. vu ^'•t>'< ^ ^ •,./ L: - '^,.^, —^. •^Ssf ^^ '"•^ ]^ •^'f'\ •A-. . ^ ^' -<\-^ \ "' "' *' tk>i>t^:. <»"jteJL^d^~) *' ^>4<;^i^ ':-k 1ni. o y -^. s^^t.^ !^^i..rfX??FJ^. •• -«t»<. A ''®^. w^. •vjSf^. (.45'). r<'^k,*? J --;, fv,.'fT^-lr'f -M. \ •<r;'" €. *". '-. ».,'-* I*. , », ? ^. 9fU.
(17) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2). sd 'CH. -?ns.
(18) Seisaku Kawabata. Plate 21. (47). 206.
(19) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) Plate 22. ^ij!ilii{Jisi!J!!. 207. (4.5).
(20) Seisaku Kawabata. ^Si3^W: y€yT^y^"^--'-^'" <^ri.^ u' ^"'f^'. ^r<^^<'. '<\">>?<». WiK '^. ^y^,. Wh'^.-**'?'1. ^. '^^M^. ^feS^^i ^yy^^"' '^^ 'r^.^A*.^'-'~~:T'- \^ -°*'' A ^^f'.. . •~~ _\. (.49-). 208.
(21) A CONTRIBUTION TO THE SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF GRATELOUPIACEAE FROM JAPAN (2) Plate 24. a. 'r^\s. 9T^. 209. (50).
(22) Seisaku Kawabata. Plate 25. (52). 210.
(23)
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