TRU Mathematics 16−2 〔1980)
ON THE L INEARI ZED OROWTH CURVE
Mbtosaburo MASUYAMA 〔Received NOvember 14, 1980) ・°1・th・preVi・u・.P・per[1]t・…。。g。am。−ar。 i。t。。duced。n.whiCh.ma、。 and female personal height growth curves are represented by two broken lines respectlvely. See Fig.1 G 2. The point of intersection corresponds to the start of grc嚇spurt. The fitting is usually fairly good, as is seen in these fi gures. SUbj ects are 14 years old as of Apri1 1, 1980. The slope わ・ the residual sum of squares △, and the number of plotted polnts ln the graph which are used in the estimation of the slope are given in the fbllowing table, where the regression line befbre the start of the growth spurt is defined by y一y“b「・t−・ノー・・ゐXt as usual with xt=the mean height at the age t as of 197g APril lst, the ・卿1e si・e b・i・g・f th・・rder・f 2・4 f・r each・ge class (i.e. the data given by the Ministry of Education〕 わ=°゙♂・娠Ch i・d㎞・n・i・nless・and
・一㌔一・1,,2/・.・ [[he unweighted means ・nd d・Vi・・i・n・are万一…8・(・〕・・…5〔f〕孤d・わ一 〇.o∂ク〔m〕, 0.ヱ22(f) respectively. (m and f stand for male and female 「espectively・〕If…et X−Z・gi♂・its st麺・d d・Vi・ti・n・ar・・.・37(・) and O.ρ52(f) respectively. The weighted mean of the residual variance is ・2−r…48/2(・)飢dr・.462/2〔f〕・i・h・h・number。f d。grees。f.freed。mτ. 328 〔m〕 and 392〔f〕 respectively. Thus the horizontal deviation of the order °fl・0㎝〔>2・〕・r・・re f・・m th・fitt・d lin・i・th・9r・ph m・y i頑cat。 th。 exlstence of assignable causes, i.e. (i〕the err・r血鵬asu・・Tnent・r in rec・rding, (ii)the obseエvation on the mdue date, (iii〕 the(:hromosomal aberration, chronic disease, etc, 137138
Age
17 M.MASUYAMA Growth Curve (Height, Male) #3315 16 P5 P㎏ P3 P ’ 12 @1 P0 @9 10 120 130 1㌔0 150 160 170 180 19 Fig.1㎝
Age
:7 P6 15 1鳥 13 12 ON THE LINEAR工ZED GROWTH〔㎜ Growth Curve 〔Height, Female〕 #3552 5 鳥 3 2 1 0 9 8 ,’ L1 7 6 110 120 ;30 lkO ISO Fig.2 160 170 180 190㎝
■ 139140
Age
17 i宝5 14 13 i2 11 10 9 8 7L加
61
M.MASUYAMA Growth Curve q・gi・・.・i・h Ch・・miO・・m・・ ・berr・ti・n . 110 120 130 1’40 Fig.2a 150 160 170 180㎝
1. No. 3102 3103 3104 3105 3106 3107 3108 3109 3110 3111 3112 3113 3114 3115 3116 3117 3201 3202 3203 3205 3206. 3207 3208 3209 3210 3211 3212 3213 3214 3215
Male
129.15 129.13 129.13 123.78 129.13 123.78 126.38 129.13 130.72 129.13 131.86 129.13 131.86 129.13 126.42 123.78 129.13 130.72 129.13 130.58 129.64 129.13 126.20 131.86 126.42 129.13 126.42 131.96 131.96 123.78 y 131.35 132.48 128.17 124.48 125.42 121.05 134.15 125.72 128.74 129.00 133.40 132.85 124.94 133.07 123.48 119.28 125.43 133.30 141.98 122.58 131.84 124.90 121.30 123.36 127.12 124.48 126.20 137.96 122.95 126.08 ON THE LINEAR工ZED GROWIH CURVB s 138.35 508.27 508.27 147.49 508.27 147.49 287.37 508.27 432.75 508.27 285.23 508.27 285.23 508.27 287.41 147.49 508.27 432.7S 508.27 252.21 500.57 508.27 287.41 285.23 287.41 508.27 287.41 843.18 508.27 147.49 5 y 169.25 659.25 477.69 153.07 345.63 128.45 331.29 495.79 436.35 492.38 389.02 532.44 248.23 536.03 177.05 121.87 369.33 339.94 690.21 276.69 491.97 476.60 252.74 277.93 304.31 335.11 397.36 706.80 465.54 157.81 o 勒 152.63 578.73 492.64 149.43 417.93 137.54 308.42 501.10 433.98 500,03 332.88 519.59 266.03 521.87 225.37 133.95 432.73 380.87 592.21 263.96 495.79 490.80 269.17 281.33 295.49 412.67 337.56 771.81 485.83 152.48 α 一11.1 −14.6 3.2 −0,.9 19.2 5.6 −1.5 −1.6 −2.4 2,0 一20.5 0.8 2.0 0.5 24.3 6.9 15.5 18.3 −8.5 −14.1 3.4 0.2 2.9 −−U.7 −2.9 19.7 −22.3 17.2 −O.5 −1.9 カ 1.103 1.139 0.968 1.013 0.822 0,933 1.073 0.986 1.003 0.984 1.167 1.022 0.933 1.027 0.784 0.908 0.851 0.880 1.165 1.047 0.990 0.966 0.937 0.986 1.028 0.812 1.174 0.915 0.956 1.034 △ 0.866 0.287 1.375 1.674 1.989 0,196 0.286 1.767 1.145 0.460 0,532 1.276 0.115 0.210 0.322 0.217 0.913 4.729 0.193 0.433 0.914 2.673 0.651 0.447 0.513 0.151 0.897 0.319 1.157 0.171 14146646
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142 3216 3217 3301 3302 3303 3304 3305 3306 3307 3308 3311 * 3312 de 3313 3314 3315 3401 3402 3403 3404 3405 3406 3408 3409 3410 3411 3412 3413 3414 3415 3416 3417 3501 3502 3503 3504 126.42 126.42 129.13 129.13 129.13 129.13 129.13 129.13 129.13 129.13 125.08 129.13 128.60 126.42 131.96 129.13 128.60 129.13 129.13 123.78 131.86 129.13 127.73 129.13 126.42 137.91 129.13 129.13 129.64 123.78 126.38 129.13 126.42 129.13 129.13 119.48 131.64 128.60 125.93 126.23 135.70 126.52 130.18 126.03 135.13 112.68 134.70 127.28 129.04 130.47 125.43 133.38 119.10 122.55 120.05 125.50 133.42 134.78 129.77 130.72 141.04 129.78 137.98 128.34 123.23 115.33 129.20 124.96 127.80 126.23 287.41 287.41 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 251.23 508.27 499.74 287.41 843.18 508.27 499.74 508.27 508.27 147.49 285.23 508.27 253.35 508.27 287.41 961.13 508.27 508.27 500.57 147.49 287.37 508.27 287.41 508.27 508.27
M.MAsuyAMA
247.83 255.11 422.38 465.65 455.33 516.20 420.81 447.67 511.97 697.65 238.51 554.32 463.51 278.39 782.07 597.07 493.35 481.72 320.42 123.05 240.64 424.97 318.93 484.53 338.47 1133.06 500.90 556.65 572.57 152.19 239.55 438.20 359.09 421.60 466.61 堪 266.69 270.59 462.07 485.86 480.27 512.14 460.63 476.80 509.97 594.82 244.98 520.14 481.11 282.65 811.81 550.80 496.19 494.60 403.20 134.38 261.57 463.88 284.19 496.03 311.14 1043.46 504.20 531.62 535.22 149.67 262.27 470.01 319.44 462.39 486.86 2.2 12.6 11.2 2.5 4.2 5.6 9.5 9.0 −3.5 −16.0 一121.9 −132.1 3.5 4.7 3.4 一14.5 5.7 −6.6 20.1 7.3 4.6 15.6 −8.5 3.7 −6.1 一8.7 1.7 2.9 −10.3 −2.4 一〇.0 9.8 −15.6 10.3 2.5 0.928 0.941 0.909 0.956 0.945 1.008 0.906 0.938 1.003 1.170 0.974 1.023 0.963 0.983 0.963 1.084 0.993 0.973 0.793 0.911 O.917 0.913 1.122 0.976 1.083 1.086 0.992 1.046 1.069 1.015 0.913 0.925 1.111 0.910 0.958 0.359 0.363 2.313 1.212 1.517 0.164 3.362 0.387 0.294 1.542 0.014 22.036 0.333 0.429 0.462 0.181 0.683 0.425 0.567 0.622 0.769 1.610 0.135 0.458 1.641 0.222 0.742 0.602 0.301 0.298 0.179 3.573 4.041 0.951 0.2585510610
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3505 3506 3507 3508 3510 3512 3513 3514 3515 3516 3517 3508 11. 3131 3132 3133 3134 3135 3136 3137 3138 3139 3140 3141 3142 3143 3k44 3145 3146 3147 3148 3149 3150 129.13 129.13・ 129.13 129.13 129.13 126.42 129.13 123.78 129.13 126.42 129.13 129.13
Female
123.20 123.20 123.20 126.18 129.32 123.20 123.20 126.18 129.32 123.20 126.18 126.18 123.20 126.18 123.20 126.18 126.18 133.80 123.20 129.32 129.95 126.40 132.58 128.32 123.13 135.36 133.67 127.20 127.48 130.10 119.82 124.47 126.78 125.78 126.45 131.02 134.37 120.65 120.38 126.96 123.47 122.25 126.86 128.68 129.23 133.22 116.63 128.26 118.38 133.28 115.68 130.08 ON THE I、1鳳R工ZED GROWTH CLRV}1 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 508.27 287.41 508.27 147.49 508.27 287.41 508.27 508.27 160.18 160.18 160.18 337.79 632.95 160.18 160.18 337.79 632.95 160.18 337.79 337.79 160.18 337.79 160.18 337.79 337.79 327.90 160.18 632.95 489.06 415.12 485.57 457.67 457.93 364.45 390.05 123.50 429.83 268.88 399.21 438.23 208.13 115.29 147.89 229.93 840.79 184.85 209.61 343.95 551.63 136.59 446.93 263.67 205.51 391.73 203.17 455.39 372.31 425.31 145.35 854.17 497.84 459.27 496.53 481.86 482.00 323.34 445.17 134.84 466.70 277.80 450.36 471.65 182.55 135.58 153.43 278.59 729.30 172.07 183.10 340.26 590.64 147.74 388.06 297.97 181.40 362.76 180.25 391.09 354.20 373.42 152.53 733.55 3.5 9.7 6.4 5.9 −0.7 一6.9 20.6 14.0 8.9 7.9 5.4 4.6 一13.6 21.5 8.4 27.0 −14.6 一一P1.7 −20.5 ・・n.1 2.8 8.6 一18.1 17.4 −10.3 −2,3 −22.0 一17.8 −13.7 −19.1 −1.6 −19.8 0.979 0.904 0.977 0.948 0.948 1.125 0.876 0.914 0.918 0.967 0.886 0.928 1.140 0.846 0.958 0.825 1.152 1.074 1.143 1.007 0.933 0.922 1.149 0.882 1.132 1,074 1.125 1.158 1.049 1.139 0.952 1.159 1.434 0.129 0.504 0.855 0.842 0.679 0.158 0.223 1.295 0.967 0.169 0.574 0.083 0.530 0.926 0.158 0.467 0.007 0.308 1.210 0.467 0.324 1.127 0.826 0.076 2.146 0.333 2.598 0.903 0.051 0.102 4.027 143ζU6666
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3234 t 3235 3236 3237 3238 3239 3240 3241 3242 3243 3244 3245 3246 3247 3248 3249 3250 3251 3331 3332 3334 3335 3336 3337 3338 3339 3340 3341 3342 3344 129.32 129.32 126.18 129.32 129.32 123.20 126.18 127.56 126.18 129.32 129.32 123.20 123.20 123.20 126.18 129.32 126.18 123.20 129.32 126.18 123.20 129.32 126.18 129.32 129.32 123.20 126.18 123.20 123.20 129.32 129.32 123.20 126.18 129.32 129.32 131.98 121.92 119.28 119.85 133.23 117.95 127.34 134.66 125.24 124.60 128.18 125.10 122.78 127.40 121.86 128.73 133.82 120.40 132.00 116.80 129.13 116.98 125.92 127.65 130.62 124.90 123.86 120.38 124.48 129.27 122.03 127.]8 126.80 120.90 132.72 632.95 632.95 337.79 632.95 632.95 160.18 337.79 540.37 337.79 632.95 632.95 160.18 160.18 160.18 337.79 632.95 337.79 160.18 632.95 337.79 160.18 632.95 337.79 632.95 632.95 160.18 337.79 160.18 160.18 632.95 632.95 160.18 337.79 632.95 632.95M.MASUYAMA
537.25 525.25 240.35 447.80 498.41 121.85 562.15 653.85 305.15 580.06 794.25 180.30 170.01 324.66 329.01 666.99 402.93 156.34 774.82 267.92 142.11 429.35 405.61 554,76 445.73 165.62 253.67 171.25 214.85 623.17 593.25 136.17 313.70 593.88 602.67 582.72 576.27 284.62 530.81 561.49 139.24 435.01 594.34 320.74 605.54 708.63 169.81 165.00 227.51 332.95 649.66 368.81 157.92 700.14 300.03 150.85 520.68 370.01 591.58 530.70 162.42 292.22 165.57 185.39 627.83 612.61 147.45 325.29 611.44 617.36 12.9 4.2 13.0 11.4 18.5 一107.1 一35.1 −5.6 5.4 0.9 一16.6 −5.5 −4.1 −47.6 −2.5 一4.0 −3.9 −1.1 −11.0 4.7 13.1 10.6 −12.3 6.8 22.2 一〇.0 14.7 −7.0 −18.1 1.0 一3.1 13.8 5.3 −4.0 6.6 0.921 0.910 0.843 0.839 0.887 0.869 1.288 1.100 0.950 0.957 1.120 1.060 1.030 1.420 0。986 1.026 1.092 0.986 1.106 0.888 0.942 0.823、 1.095 0.935 0.838 1.014 0.865 1.034 1.157 0.992 0.968 0.921 0.963 0.966 0.975 0.768 0.587 0.531 2.650 0.320 0.813 1.927 0.150 0.592 0.741 0.884 0.281 0.042 1.519 0.839 0.187 0.243 0.648 0.355 1.427 0.044 1.020 0.298 1.849 0.762 0.929 0.880 0.106 0.280 0.414 0.335 0.436 0.446 3.217 0.5166651010
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3345 3346 3347 3348 3349 3350 3432 3433 3434 3435 3436 3438 3439 3440 3441’ 3442 3443 3444 3445 3446 3447 3448 3450 3451 3531 3532 3533 3534 3535 3536 3537 3538 3539 3540 3542 129.32 123.20 123.20 129.32 132.24 126.23 123.20 123.20 126.18 126.23 126.18 123.20 129.32 129.32 126.18 123.20 129.32 123.20 129.98 126.18 123.20 129.32 126.18 129.32 129.32 126.18 129.32 126.18 126.18 126.18 126.18 123.20 123.20 123.20 126.18 127.78 126.73 129.55 126.12 132.46 118.08 130.63 118.83 114.98 117.50 123.86 120.58 132.95 135.75 123.84 121.23 128.53 128.13 136.38 126.34 125.33 129.27 133.06 125.25 131.22 116.02 126.20 129.32 129.50 128.02 129.20 118.60 124.30 126.83 126.20 ON THE I、INEARI ZI…D GROW皿{ CURVE 632.95 160.18 160.18 632.95 376.57 337.75 160.18 160.18 337.79 337.75 337.79 160.18 632.95 632.95 337.79 160.18 632.95 160.18 619.75 337.79 160.18 632.95 337.79 632.95 632.95 337.79 632.95 337.79 337.79 337.79 337.79 160.18 160.18 160.18 337.79 505.63 147.99 176.05 741.01 182.59 359.43 154.33 204.87 244.29 275.66 323.31 193.29 633.07 671.16 276.45 171.15 804.41 177.15 701.23 411.27 157.23 661.57 396.39 555.60 635.、29 251.09 600.48 366.43 269.78 409.35 262,56 149.22 176.78 152.97 427.58 565.07 153.67 167.54 684.32 260.58 347.94 157.09 180.80 286.53 305.10 330.08 175.72 632.44 651.24 305.45 164.49 713.43 168.37 658.66 371.93 158.24 646.75 365.72 592.50 632.66 291.06 615.36 351.78 301.05 371.38 297.74 154.52 168.10 156.51 379.86 12.5 8.5 0.7 −13.7 41.0 一12.0 9.8 −20.2 7.9 3.5 0.6 −14.6 3.4 2.7 9.8 一5.3 −17.2 −1.4 −1.8 −12.6 3.6 −2.9 −3.6 4.2 2.0 7.3 0.5 −2.1 17.0 .10.7 18.0 }O.2 L5.0 6.4 −15.7 0.893 0.959 1.046 1.081 0.692 1.030 0.981 1.129 0.848 0.903 0.977 1.097 0.999 1.029’ 0.904 1.027 1.127 1.051 1.063 1.101 0.988 1.022 1.083 0.936 1.000 0.862 0.972 1.041 0.891 1.099 0.881 0.965 1.049 0.977 1.125 1.154 0.563 0.812 1.151 2.279 0.982 0.268 0.793 1.241 0.052 O.772 0.520 1.133 1.105 0.671 2.232 0.276 0.169 1.217 1.740 0.904 0.714 0.439 0.968 2.920 0.288 2.220 0.072 1.472 1.031 0.120 0.160 0.368 0.043 0.408 145
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146 170em 169 168 167 ユ66 165 160 155 150 145 140 135 130 ヱ25 120 115 110 Growth Curve M.MASUYAMA 〔Height, Male.) Type I I
ー
﹁ ‘ 1 \ | 5 6 2 8 9 ユ0 11 Fig.3 12 13 14 ユ5 ユ6 ヱ7 Yeαrs o了αge156,70m 156.6 156.5 ユ56 155 150 145 ヱ40 135 130 125 120 ユ15 110 105 ON THF. LINEARI ZED GROIVrHσ[JRVE Growth Curve (Height, Female.) TYpe I I 147 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Fig.4 12 13 14 ヱ5 16 17 YθOtiρS ofP 伽n
148
M.MASUYAMA
3543 3544 3545 3546 3547 3S48 3549 3550 ’3551 3552 126.18 123.20 123;20 ;29.32 126.18 126.18 123.20 129 ・. 32 129.32 129.32 119.36 125.48 127.48 135.13 127.58 130.98 126.20 132..05 124.23 137.93 337.79 160.18 160.18 632.95. 337.79「 337.79 .160.18 632.95 632』.95. 632.95 286.85 321.91 264.69 712.03 316.89 617.05 159.30 490.22 556.89 794.59 310.57 226.68 205.72 670.80 326.96 456.20 159.63 556.21 593.49 708.26 3.3 −48.9 −30.8 −1.9 5.4 一39.4 3.4 18.4 3.0 −6.8 0.919 1.415 1.284 1.060 0.968 1.351 0.997 0.879 0.938 1.119 1.314 1.119 0.480 1.125 0.413 0.932 0.218 1.448 0.408 2.0685﹄﹁46ζ∨
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★1@Data with the asteris](are not used in computing the residual variances etc., because Ial’s are too large. 2°Ev・n th・ugh・th・ c・rrelati・n diag・a・・ int・・duced・ih th・・efeτ㎝ce【1], 砲id1皿ay. be called of type I, is easy to construct and to intelprete, fr㎝ the theoretlcal point of view・ it would be interesting to inter(麺ge the‘roll of the height h rt) and’the age t, since this enables us to esti皿ate the personal rate constant K relative to that of the「referential pers㎝ of the same sex. The follouing two grapl}s,曲idl may be called of t)?e II, aTe prepared fbr this purpose. Accordi皿g to T.B.Robertson [3] the growth curve is appToximated by 〔2・1) hrtノーH/[1・・φ{一κ〔t−t。川・ where H andカ are two constants sudh that h Ce。ノ =Hand h〔t ) =H/2. We have り り further th・.rel・ti㎝4碗/4カ=瓦/2・t t一ち・ In genera1 ,’by the notion of dimensian we may set (2・2) ・%「t)/Hi =f[κi (t−t。i刀 fbr the i−th person. f is a.n蜘otone increasi皿g fUnction of its argロnent. If w・ c・Uld knc・ Hi・ w・w・uld haw p1・tted KCt−』t。」・n th…輌ate 飢dn肥d it孤㎝・fte・h(t)/e・宜en p1・tting㌧兎・g・in・tちwe・w。}ild h・v・ the relation ・㎝皿LI㎜ZED㎝㎜H㎜
149 〔2・3) ζ㌃≠・¢吟・α≠・」・IK・ where we set(…) ・、イユ・聴・an・ %・告㌔が
But i皿P「actice Hi i・m㎞・wn・・tl・at as・uming・th・t互i・n・a・1y・qual t・H・〔2,5〕 ガヱ随〃=カ
fb・the referenti・1 P・…ni・p1・tted・n th・・rd血・t・and・we・n・me it a・㎝. hCt). Thus the s1°pe°・th・n・・n・gr・m・f切…d・e…t・epresent・・xact・y・Ki・i・・h・ fbrmula (2.2). In our nomogram we set K= 2.00 both fbr male and femaleきThe standard deVi・ti・n・f〃−Z・9ヱOK i・0・038 fb・m・1・孤d・・05ヱfb・f・m・1・. Since the correlation coefficient betweenカ and K is fairly high, i.e. ?=@0・78 for male and O・97 for female, we may set apProximately 〔2.6) K= oZ), where o = ユ.98ヱfbT male alld 1.946 fbr fe珊ale. Tlie data were collected by Miss Mari Masワama at the Y jmior secondary sdlool i皿the city of M・The authoτapPreciates greatly her he1P.REFERENCES
[1] MasCyaina, M・〔1979): Inference on age at eruption of tooth and height growth, TRこ1 Math., 15−1, 69−76. [2] Masuッama, M.(1979〕:Sinty6 no Nobi1(ata to Ha no Haekata, K∂sei mo sihy∂3 26, No.10, 27−30. [3] Yagi 呂Koizumi (1929):Kctnsfi Seibutu≦7czZ u. Sy6kab6. 、禮蒜。ま’。q説、蒜ass迦e ‘he R°be「ts°n m°de1・H can b・ e・t’mat・d晒・ 〔A.1) ヱ/h rtチ〈幻=θ魂)ζ一 斑/hζt)+’{ヱ ー e哩)c−− Kd)}/窟 fbT a given constant d. The linear relation betwe㎝ヱ/h〔t)and 1/hζtナd)be
w「識。=艦翌鵠。劉3誌e麟。P,:il・;罐・S−1。2:Fig・A−2・
estlmated fbr the r鋼ge 6∼10 yearS of age fbr male and 6∼9yearsoof agelg「。鑑麟;罐鑑e議鑑t霊::s°n・e・pect’・・1y・蹴tt’・・
★ Namely, the readings on the original ncmogra皿for rnale areびpt 2.Oen a皿d ヱ2.Ooη2 fbr x= 6 and ll yectr?a oアage respective1γ, s◎ t正vat we have rヱ2.0 − 2.0ノ/〔ヱユ ー 6ノ ー−2.00.150
M.MASUYAMA
8 7 6 6 7 8 Fig.A−1.ON IEH巳 LIN正IARr ZED (㎜ (;URV]巳 8 7 6 6 7 Fig.A−2 8 151
152
M.MASUYAMA
Growth Cu[rve (Height, Male) ”3103 Type R 1 … 一 一 一 占 0 5 0 5 0 5 0 5 05 4 4 3 3 2 2 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13years°f age Fig.A−3(刑 THE I、INEAI{[ZED GRC㎜ (1醐] Gr(ル曲Curve (Height, Female〕 Type R ユ53 #3132 ﹁ , 7 ⑨ 4・ ‘茄 3・ お 加 u m 田1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 7 8 9 Fig.A−4 10 11 12 y・ar・・f・限
154