組織的な授業改善の方法

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(1)ᐇ㊶ሗ࿌. ᮾி⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱◊✲ࠉ๰หྕ㸦➨ ྕ㸧. ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ᪉ἲ. ⏣୰ ᆒ. $EVWUDFW㸸The provision of Article of the School Education Law stipulates that teachers have to make sure that their students not only acquire knowledge and skills, but that they also utilize these competencies to solve problems. To do this they need to foster their students` ability to think, judge and express thoughts independently. Repetition and drill learning have been used as the typical method for acquiring knowledge and skills so far. But teaching methods for fostering the ability of students to think, judge and express themselves has not been established among teachers and is considered to be a challenging task. Teachers have to keep improving their teaching styles and techniques to achieve this aim. Improving teaching styles and techniques requires systematic approaches within the profession, and not merely be left to the teachers̓own discretion. Teachers have to collaborate with each other to identify and discuss their problems in teaching and confer together to ¿nd solutions. The school principal also plays an important role in this process. A professional development program usually adopts the cycle system of plan, do, check and action. Teachers also have to be reÀexive and establish an evaluation method, such as through feedback from the students or test results. In this paper, I propose systematic approaches to improving teaching which I will illustrate by describing some programs carried out at a high school in Kanagawa prefecture.. ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ⾲⌧ຊࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࠊᩍ⛉఍. 㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ᤵᴗᨵၿࡣࠊᩍᖌࡢᮏົ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ᭱㔜せㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ ᡭἲࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅㄒࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽᭱㏆ࡣゝࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊᩍᖌࢆ୍ᅜ୍ᇛࡢ୺࡟࡞ࡒࡽ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩍᖌࡣᩍᐊ࡟ධࡗࡓࡽࠊࡲࡿ࡛࠾Ẋᵝࡢࡼ࠺࡟௚ࡢᩍဨ࠿ࡽᖸ΅ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃᤵᴗࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢼₻ࡀᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ㜼ᐖࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ே஦ホ౯ࡀᐃ╔ࡋࠊᰯ㛗ࡀᤵᴗほᐹࢆ⾜࠸ᩍဨࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋᨵၿࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾࠊୖグ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㢼₻ࡣⷧࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊ౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢᡭἲࡀ☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋᤵᴗ ᨵၿࡀᩍᖌࡢᮏົ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚஫࠸࡟ษ☩⌶☻ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᤵᴗࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ᪉⟇ ࡀ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ᚲせ࡞ࡶࡢࡣࠊᰯ㛗ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠊ⫋ဨࡢព㆑ᨵ㠉ࠊィ⏬ᛶࠊ⥅⥆ᛶࠊ⤌⧊ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⫋ဨࡢព㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᤵᴗᨵၿࡢヨ⾜㘒ㄗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㔊ᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ⥅⥆ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡀ⫋ဨࡢព㆑ᨵ 㠉ࠊேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆಁࡍࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊఱࡼࡾࠊ⏕ᚐࡀᜠᜨࢆཷࡅࡿࠋ. ᩍ⫱ᨭ᥼ᶵᵓᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱ࢭࣥࢱ࣮. ̿̿.

(2) 㸬ᰯ㛗ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ ᰯ㛗ࡣࠊ⫋ဨࡢᴗົ⟶⌮ࠊᴗົࡢ㐍⾜⟶⌮ࢆ⾜࠺ᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊᰯ㛗ࡀᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ಀ ࡿ᭱኱ࡢ㈐௵ࢆ㈇ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᰯ㛗ࡣࠊᩍဨࡀᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟୺యⓗ࡟㛵ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞௙⤌ࡳ࡙ࡃࡾࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡲࡎࠊᰯ㛗ࡣᏛᰯཬࡧ⏕ᚐࡢᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋᐇែࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊ⫋ဨ࠿ࡽࡢ᝟ሗࠊᏛ⩦≧ἣㄪ ᰝࡸᏛຊ᳨ᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡞࡝ࠊᵝࠎ࡞᝟ሗࢆ㞟ࡵࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆಙࡌ࡚ᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᩍ⫱࡛ ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩘ್ࢆぢ࡚Ꮫຊࡢ┠ᶆࢆୗࡆࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᰯ㛗ࡣᐇែᢕᥱ࠿ࡽᤵᴗᐇ᪋ ୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚ඃඛ㡰఩ࢆỴࡵࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴࡢࡓࡵࡢศ࠿ࡾ᫆࠸┠ᶆࢆ⫋ဨ࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ ᰯ㛗ࡣᖺᗘึࡵࡀ᭱ࡶᛁࡋ࠸ࠋ␗ື┤ᚋࡢࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ୍㐌㛫࡛ㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊᶆㄒࢆᐃࡵࠊᖺ㛫ࡢᤵ ᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࢆᡤᤸࡍࡿศᤸ࡜༠㆟ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᐃࡵࠊ ᭶୰࡟ࡣࠊᖺ㛫ィ⏬࡟ᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴᚲせࡀ ࠶ࡿࠋ ᭶ᙜึ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊᏛᰯࡀືࡁฟࡋ࡚࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣࠊ⫋ဨࡢඹ㏻⌮ゎࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊᐃ ࡵ࡚ࡶࡑࡢ㏻ࡾ࡟ࡣື࠿࡞࠸ࠋᰯ㛗࡟ࡣࠊ⫋ဨࢆື࠿ࡍᕤኵࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡋࠊ⫋ဨࡀᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚෇⁥࡟ ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡞ẁྲྀࡾຊࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ. 㸬☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࡢ⫱ᡂ ☜࠿࡞ᏛຊࡣࠊᏛᰯᩍ⫱ἲ➨ ᮲➨ 㡯࡟つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢෆᐜࡣ ࡘࡢせ⣲࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ ձࠉᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑ཬࡧᢏ⬟ࢆ⩦ᚓࡉࡏࡿ ղࠉࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ⾲⌧ຊࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⬟ຊࢆࡣࡄࡃࡴ ճࠉ୺యⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴែᗘࢆ㣴࠺ ࡇࢀࡽ ࡘࡢせ⣲ࢆᤵᴗࡢ୰࡛⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㅮ⩏ㄪࡢ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊղࠊճࡣ ࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ࡜ࠊձࡶỴࡋ࡚⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗࡢ฼Ⅼࡣ⏕ᚐࡢ≧ἣࢆẼ࡟ࡏࡎ࡟ࠊ ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛ᤵᴗࢆ㐍⾜࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣᩍᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ฼Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟฼ࡍࡿࡇ ࡜ࡣఱࡶ࡞࠸ࠋ ୍᪉ࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࡿᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢ᝿ᐃእ ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ㌑ࡁ࡟Ẽ௜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶከࠎ࠶ࡿࠋ᝿ᐃእࡢᒎ㛤࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࡇࡑࠊᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟຊࡀၥࢃࢀ ࡿࠋᵝࠎ࡞᝿ᐃእࡢ஦ែ࡟ᑐᛂ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᩍᖌࡣ⤯࠼ࡎᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ດࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕ࡯࡝ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᩄឤ࡛ࠊᤵᴗᨵၿࡢពḧࡀᙉ࠸ࠋ. 㸬☜࠿࡞Ꮫຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿ 㸦㸧⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢᚲせᛶ ⏕ᚐ࡟ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࠊᢏ⬟ࢆ⩦ᚓࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࠊᬯၐࡸࢻࣜࣝ࡞࡝ࡢ཯᚟⦎⩦ࡢᣦᑟἲࡣ⏝ ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ⩦ᚓࡉࢀࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせ࡞ᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ ⾲⌧ຊ➼ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡓࡵ࡟ゝㄒάືࡢ඘ᐇࢆᅗࢀࠊ࡜つᐃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᣦᑟἲࡀ༑ศ࡟☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᣦᑟἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࠊᩍᖌ ࡀ㐃ᦠࠊ༠ാࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊ⏕ᚐࡀ࡝ࢇ࡞ඛ⏕࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦άືࡢ඘ᐇࡀᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ ࡚ಖドࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩍဨ㞟ᅋࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠗඛ⏕ࡣ୍ᅜ୍ᇛࡢ୺࠘࡜࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࡣ Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ. ̿̿.

(3) ᮾி⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱◊✲ࠉ๰หྕ㸦➨ ྕ㸧. 㸦㸧⤌⧊㯤࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢᐇ㝿 ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࡣᐇែᢕᥱ㸦Research㸧эィ⏬㸦Plan㸧эᐇ᪋㸦Do㸧э᳨ド㸦Check㸧эᨵၿ㸦Action㸧 ࠿ࡽᡂࡿࠋ ձᐇែᢕᥱ ᐇែᢕᥱ㸦Research㸧ࡣࠊࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࠘ࡸࠊ⏕ᚐࠊಖㆤ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬⦅ᡂ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡞࡝ࡀ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜࡸ⮬἞యࡀᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᏛ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ࡛⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᭷ຠ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࢆከࡃࡢ⏕ᚐࡀཷ㦂ࡍࡿᏛᰯ࡛ࡣࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ඲ᅜࡢᖹᆒⅬ ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࡾࠊ㏆㞄ࡢᏛᰯྠኈ࡛᝟ሗ஺᥮ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ࠊᩍ⛉ࡈ࡜࡟ᣦᑟࡢᡂᯝࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᭷ ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟ࡟♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊ⚄ዉᕝ┴ࡢ࠶ࡿ㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࡛࠘ࠊ⤖ᯝࡣ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋᩍဨ୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟ྠᵝࡢ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࡀ㓄௜ࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᩍဨ୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾࡢᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ ┠ᶆࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࠘ࡣᐇែᢕᥱ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡶ ࡞ࡿࠋ ࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࠘ࡢホ౯㡯┠ࡣḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ඛ⏕ࡣᤵᴗࡢࡓࡵ࡟༑ศ‽ഛࢆࡋࠊᩍᮦࡀᕤኵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬⯆࿡࣭㛵ᚰࡀࢃࡁࠊࡶࡗ࡜Ꮫࡧࡓࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ᤵᴗࡀࢸ࣏ࣥࡼࡃ㐍ࡳࠊ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍ࠸ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ၥ㢟₇⩦ࡸㄽ㏙ࡢ࡯࠿ࠊពぢ࡞࡝ࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡸ⏕ᚐྠኈ࡛ヰࡋྜ࠺ᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᐇᢏ⛉┠࡛ࡣ୺యⓗ࡟άື ࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬ㄝ᫂ࡀ⡆₩࠿ࡘ୎ᑀ࡛ศ࠿ࡾ᫆࠸ᤵᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㸬⏕ᚐ୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟┠ࢆ㓄ࡗࡓࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸ᣦᑟࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬⚾ࡣᤵᴗ࡛ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸Ⅼࡣඛ⏕ࡸ཭㐩࡟㉁ၥࡋࠊ⮬ศ࡛ㄪ࡭ࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿດຊࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇᢏ⛉┠࡛ࡣࠊ ྠᵝ࡟ࠊᢏ⬟ࡢྥୖ࡟ດຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸬⚾ࡣᤵᴗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ពḧⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ. ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓホ౯㡯┠ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡀ ẁ㝵࡛ྛᩍဨࡢᤵᴗࢆホ౯ࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ ࡘ ࡢ㍈ୖ࡟࡜ࡾࠊ ࡘࡢⅬࢆ⤖ࢇࡔࢢࣛࣇ㸦࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ㸧ࡀḟࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࡣࠊ ඲⫋ဨࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆᐇ⥺࡛⤖ࢇࡔࢢࣛࣇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡟⮬ศࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ㔜ࡡࡿ࡜ࠊ⫋ဨࡀ⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽ࡝ ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࠊ௚ࡢᩍဨ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᩍ⛉ࡈ࡜ࡢᖹᆒ್ࠊ඲⫋ဨࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄢ㢟ࠊ Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ. ̿̿.

(4) ୖグࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࡣᖹᆒ್ࢆ⤖ࢇࡔࢢࣛࣇ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽࡢホ౯ࡀ㧗࠸ᩍဨࡣࡇࡢᐇ⥺ࡢእഃ࡟ᐇ⥺ࡀ ṇඵゅᙧ࡟㏆࠸ᙧ࡛ᥥ࠿ࢀࡿࠋ཯ᑐ࡟ࠊ⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽࡢホ౯ࡀప࠸ᩍဨ࡯࡝ᙧࡢࣂࣛࣥࢫࡀᔂࢀ㠃✚ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ ղᤵᴗᨵၿ᪉㔪ࡢᥦ♧ ᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬㸦Plan㸧ࢆ❧࡚ࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᰯ㛗ࡀᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠿ࡅࡿᛮ࠸ࡸᨵၿࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢔ࢆ⫈ྲྀ ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ⮬ᰯ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ᭱ၿࡢᤵᴗ᪉ἲࢆᥦ᱌ࡋࠊ⫋ဨ఍㆟࡛ඹ㏻⌮ゎࢆᅗࡿࠋ⚄ዉᕝ┴ෆࡢ࠶ࡿ㧗 ➼Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗᨵၿ᪉㔪ࡣḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ౛㸧ᤵᴗ᪉㔪 ࠗⓎᒎⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆྵࡴᩍᮦࡢ⢭㑅࠘ࠊࠗࢫࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤࠘ࠊ ࠗᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴ⏕ᚐࡢ άື࠘ࢆᣦᑟἲࡢ┠ᶆ࡟タᐃࡋࡓࠋ ࠗⓎᒎⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆྵࡴᩍᮦࡢ⢭㑅࠘ࡣᙜึࠊ ࠗᩍᮦࡢ⢭㑅࡛࠘࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⫋ဨࡢᥦ᱌࡟ࡼࡾࠊ ࠕⓎᒎⓗ࡞͐ࠖ ࢆྵࡵࡿෆᐜ࡟ኚࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࠋ㐍Ꮫᰯ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⫋ဨࡶධヨ࡟ሓ࠼ᚓࡿᏛຊࢆఙࡤࡋࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ ពḧࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋᩍဨࡀᩍᮦࢆඹ᭷໬ࡋࠊ⏕ᚐࡀ࡝ࡢᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ༑ศ࡟⢭㑅ࡉࢀࡓྠࡌ ᩍᮦ࡛Ꮫ⩦࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠗࢫࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤࠘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᒎ㛤ࡀ㐜ࡃ㔝⌫ࡢヨྜࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗࢆࡍࢀࡤ⏕ᚐࡣ⯆࿡ࢆኻ࠺ࠋ ㄝ᫂ࡣ⡆₩ࠊ࠿ࡘ᫂☜࡟ࠊࡑࡢศࠊ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢ᫬㛫ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࠋᏛ⩦άືࡶࠊᩘᏛ࡛ ศࡢ₇⩦ ᫬㛫ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊ ศ₇⩦ࠊ ศ࣌࢔࣮࣡ࢡࠊ ศ₇⩦࡞࡝ࠊᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆᕤኵࡍࡿࠋᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢ⟅࠼ྜࢃࡏ ࡟᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡼࡾࠊ⏕ᚐྠኈㄝ᫂ࡉࡏྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀࠊຠᯝࡀୖࡀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ᫬㛫ࢆ༊ษࡗ࡚ࠊࣂࢫ ࢣࢵࢺ࣮࣎ࣝࡢࢤ࣮࣒ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ⥭ᙇឤࠊ඘ᐇឤࢆຍ㏿ࡉࡏࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀࠊࢫࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕ ࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡣࢫࢺࢵࣉ࢛࢘ࢵࢳࢆᣢࡗ࡚ᤵᴗ࡟⾜ࡃᩍᖌࡀᩓぢࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࠗᛮ⪃ຊࠊุ᩿ຊࠊ⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴ⏕ᚐࡢάື࠘ࡣ⏕ᚐࡀᤵᴗࡢ୰࡛ࠊ⮬ศࡢ⪃࠼ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿάືࠊ࠸ࢃ ࡺࡿゝㄒάື࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐ࡟ゝㄒάືࢆ⾜ࢃࡏࡿୖ࡛ࡢㄢ㢟ࡣࠊ⥭ᙇឤࡢᣢ⥆࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡀ⏕ᚐࢆື࠿ ࡍຊࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊゝㄒάືࡢ㊃᪨ࡀୖᡭ࡟ఏࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜⏕ᚐࡣάື࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋఱࢆᏛࡤࡏࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠊ ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟άືࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆࠊẁྲྀࡾⰋࡃ⣲᪩ࡃⓗ☜࡟ᣦ♧ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕ᚐࡀືࡁࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⏕ᚐࡣࠊάືࡢ㊃᪨ࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ ศ࡜ゝࢃࢀࢀࡤ ศ࡛ゝㄒάືࢆᐇ᪋࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ ឤࢆព㆑ࡋࡓάືࢆᐇ᪋ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛ࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊ⥭ᙇឤ࡜඘ᐇឤࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࠋ ᤵᴗࡢ୺ᙺࡣ⏕ᚐ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᤵᴗᨵၿࡣᩍᖌࡢᴗົ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ୺యࡣᩍᖌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡀㄢ㢟ព ㆑ࢆඹ᭷ࡋࠊ༠ാࡋ࡚ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟⮫ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ճᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃ ィ⏬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᤵᴗᨵၿ᪉㔪࡜ἲࡸᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᖺᗘᙜึ ࡢ ᭶୰࡟ᖺ㛫ࡢࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆヲ⣽࡟ᥦ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࡣࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⾜஦࡟ඃඛ ࡉࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵᩥ໬⚍ࡸయ⫱⚍ࠊᐃᮇࢸࢫࢺࠊ㛗ᮇఇᴗࠊ࡞࡝㔜せ࡞⾜஦ࡢணᐃࢆ๓ᖺᗘ࡟సᡂࠊ ☜ᐃࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡁࠊࡑࡢྜ㛫࡟ᤵᴗ஫ぢ㐌㛫ࠊ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࠊᤵᴗᨵၿ༠㆟ࡢࡓࡵ ࡢᩍ⛉఍➼ࡢ᪥⛬ࢆỴࡵ࡚⫋ဨ࡛ඹ㏻⌮ゎࢆᅗࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࡢ᪥⛬ࢆỴࡵࡿ㝿ࡣࠊ ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᩍ⛉ㄪᰝᐁࡸ┴ࡢᣦᑟ୺஦࡟ຓゝ⪅ࢆ࠾㢪࠸ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ஦๓࡟ᰯ㛗ࡀ᪥⛬ㄪᩚࡍࡿ ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᖺᗘᮎ࠿ࡽᖺᗘึࡵ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢᰯ㛗ࡣᛁࡋ࠸ࠋ ḟ࡟♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊୖグࡢ࠶ࡿ㧗ᰯࡢᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊཧຍ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ௚ᰯᩍဨࡸࠊຓゝ⪅࡛࠶ࡿᩥ 㒊┬ᩍ⛉ㄪᰝᐁࡸ⚄ዉᕝ┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡢᣦᑟ୺஦࡟㓄ᕸࡉࢀࡓᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࡢᢤ⢋࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙜ᪥ࡢ㓄ᕸ㈨ ᩱ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬ࡢ௚ࠊᩍ⛉఍ࡢሗ࿌ᵝᘧࡸᩍ⛉఍ࡢ㞟⣙⤖ᯝ࡞࡝ࡶྵࡲࢀࠊᩍ⛉఍ࡢ ༠㆟ෆᐜࢆ㞟⣙ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ィ⏬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤌⧊࡜ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗᨵၿࡢྲྀ⤌ࡳࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࢀࢆḟᖺᗘ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃᕤኵࡸヨࡳࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ̿̿.

(5) ᮾி⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱◊✲ࠉ๰หྕ㸦➨ ྕ㸧. Ϩࠉᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ┠ᶆ ࠗⓎᒎⓗ࡞ෆᐜࢆྵࡴᩍᮦࡢ⢭㑅࠘ࠊ ࠗࢫࣆ࣮ࢹ࢕࡞ᤵᴗᒎ㛤࠘ࠊࠗᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿ⏕ ᚐࡢάື࠘ࢆ ࡘࡢᰕ࡜ࡍࡿ ศᤵᴗࢆᒎ㛤ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗ◊✲ࢆ᥎㐍ࡋࠊࡑࡢᡂᯝࢆᏛ ᰯ඲య࡛ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᏛຊྥୖ㐍Ꮫ㔜Ⅼᰯ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ࠕࠐࠐ㧗ᰯࡢᤵᴗࠖࢆ☜❧ࡋࠊ⏕ᚐࡢࡼ ࡾⓎᒎⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࡢྥୖ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࠋ ϩࠉ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ ࠙ᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓࡼࡾⓎᒎⓗ࡞Ꮫຊࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿᤵᴗࠚ Ϫࠉᖺ㛫ணᐃ ᭶ ᪥㸦᭶㸧㹼 ᭶ ᪥㸦㔠㸧ࠉᤵᴗ஫ぢᮇ㛫ࠉࠉ ᭶ ᪥㸦᭶㸧. ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯㸦LHR㸧ࠉ. ᭶ ᪥㸦ⅆ㸧. ᩍ⛉఍ࠉ 㹙ձᤵᴗ஫ぢ࣭ ࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖࢆཷࡅ࡚㸦Ѝ㞟⣙㸧ղ ᭶ᤵᴗ◊ ✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗ⪅ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࠊᙺ๭ศᢸࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㹛. ᭶ ᪥㸦᭶㸧. ᩍ⛉఍ࠉ 㹙ᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗ᱌ࡢ᳨ウ㹛 ᭶୰࡟ᤵᴗ᱌ࢆ㉳᱌. ᭶ ᪥㸦ᮌ㸧. ᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࠊ◊✲༠㆟఍㸦ศ⛉఍࣭඲య఍㸧 ◊✲༠㆟఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᤵᴗࢆཷࡅࡓ⏕ᚐࡶྛࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ධࡗ࡚ពぢࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ. ᭶ ᪥㸦㔠㸧. ᩍ⛉఍ࠉ 㹙◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⥲ᣓ㹛ࠉ㸸ࠉᏛ⩦᥎㐍 G ࡛㞟⣙. ᭶ ᪥㸦᭶㸧. ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯㸦LHR㸧 ࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ. ᭶ ᪥㸦ⅆ㸧. ᩍ⛉఍ࠉ㹙ᤵᴗᐇ㊶౛ሗ࿌㹛㸦ู⣬մ㸧㸸ࠉᏛ⩦᥎㐍 G ࡛㞟⣙. ᭶ ᪥㸦ⅆ㸧. ᩍ⛉఍ࠉ㹙ᤵᴗホ౯ࢆཷࡅ࡚㹛ࠉ㸸ࠉᏛ⩦᥎㐍 G ࡛㞟⣙. մᤵᴗᨵၿࡢᐇ᪋ ᐇ᪋㸦Do㸧࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᡤᤸࡍࡿࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦ศᤸ㸧ࡀィ⏬㏻ࡾ࡟⫋ဨࡸྛᩍ⛉࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊᩍ⛉఍ࡢ༠㆟ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊሗ࿌ᵝᘧࢆᐃࡵࠊᡤᤸࡍࡿࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᖺᗘᙜึ࡟ᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶᛀࢀ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ ᩍ⛉఍ࡢ༠㆟࡛ฟࡓㄢ㢟ព㆑ࡸࡑࢀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿᤵᴗࡢᕤኵ࡞࡝ࢆࠊ⫋ဨ఍㆟࡛඲⫋ဨࡀඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ ࡁࡿࠋୖグィ⏬ࡢ஦ᴗ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࢖㸧ᤵᴗ஫ぢ㐌㛫 ࠉ⮬ศࡢᩍ⛉ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ௚ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࢆཧほࡋࠊཧほࡋࡓᤵᴗࡢホ౯ࢩ࣮ࢺࢆᤵᴗ⪅ࠊཬࡧᢸᙜ ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦ศᤸ㸧࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿࠋᩍ⫱ᐇ⩦࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ࠊ ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ౛ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࣟ㸧ᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ ࠉྛᩍ⛉ࡣ༙ᖺ㛫࠿ࡅ࡚ࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡬ࡢ‽ഛࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᩍ⛉ࡢ௦⾲ࢆỴࡵࠊ௦⾲⪅ࡀᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡀࠊ ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᤵᴗࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ࠿ࡣᕤኵࢆ㔜ࡡࡓᩍဨࡀ᱌ࢆฟࡋྜ࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᩍ⛉఍ࢆⓎ⾲఍ࡲ࡛࡟ ᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࠋ ࠉᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࡣᤵᴗࡢᩥ໬⚍࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௚ᰯ࠿ࡽከࡃࡢᩍဨࢆᣍࡁࠊ┴ࡢᣦᑟ୺஦ࠊᅜ࠿ࡽᩍ⛉ㄪᰝ ᐁࢆຓゝ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚࠾㏄࠼ࡋࠊ୍ᖺ㛫ࡢᤵᴗ◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡍࡿ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࠋ◊✲ᤵᴗᚋࡢ◊✲༠㆟࡟ࡣ ᤵᴗࢆཷࡅࡓ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡶཧຍࡉࡏࠊᚷ៸࡞࠸ពぢࢆゝࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࠋ ࠉ኱ษ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣㄢ㢟ࡢᣦ᦬ࢆᜍࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࠋࡴࡋࢁㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᚰᵓ࠼ࡀ㔜せ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤㄢ㢟ࡢゎỴࠊᤵᴗᨵၿࡣ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ ࣁ㸧ᩍ⛉఍ ࠉ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ࡣࠊᩍ⛉఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲༠㆟ࡢάᛶ໬ࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࠋ ࠉ ᭶ࡢᩍ⛉఍࡛ࡣࠊࠕձᤵᴗ஫ぢ࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠉղ ᭶ᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵ ᴗ⪅ࢆỴࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࠊᙺ๭ศᢸࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ୺࡞㆟㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋձࡢᤵᴗ஫ぢ࣭ࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗ ̿̿.

(6) ホ౯ࠖࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᢸᙜ㒊⨫ࡀ඲ᩍ⛉ࡢᩍ⛉఍ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㞟⣙ࡋࠊᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⰻ࠿ࡗࡓⅬࠊㄢ㢟 Ⅼࠊᨵၿ᪉⟇ࢆ㞟⣙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉ ᭶ࡢᩍ⛉఍࡛ࡣࠊ㹙ᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿᤵᴗ᱌ࡢ᳨ウ㹛ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࠊ ᭶ࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟ᱌ᥦฟ ࡟ྥࡅࠊᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᕤኵࢆヰࡋྜ࠺ࠋ ࠉ ᭶ࡢᩍ⛉఍࡛ࡣࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍ࢆཷࡅ࡚௒ᚋࡢᤵᴗᨵၿࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠉࡲࡓࠊ ᭶ࡢᩍ⛉఍࡛ࡣࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅ࡚ࠊ⤖ᯝࡢศᯒ࡜௒ᚋࡢᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ᪉ྥ ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヰࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋホ౯⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊㄢ㢟ࢆᩍ⛉ࡢඹ㏻ㄆ㆑࡜ࡋ࡚ᣢࡕࠊᩍဨࡀ஫࠸࡟ 㐃ᦠࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆᩍ⛉ෆ࡛ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࠉ஫ぢ㐌㛫ࡸࡑࡢ┤ᚋ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ༠㆟ࠊᤵᴗ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍࡟ ྥࡅࡓ◊✲༠㆟ࠊⓎ⾲఍ᚋࡢ཯┬࡞࡝ࠊ⠇┠ࠊ⠇┠࡛༠㆟ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ಀࡿ༠㆟ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊ ព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵ࠶࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ յ᳨ド㸦Check㸧 ᳨ド㸦Check㸧ࡣࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࠘ࠊࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡞࡝ࡢᖹᆒⅬ࡞࡝ࠊศ࠿ࡾ᫆࠸ᣦᶆࢆ⏝࠸ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠗ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯࠘ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᩍဨ୍ேࡦ࡜ࡾ࡟ࣇ࢕࣮ ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᩍ⛉࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛᰯ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊᨵၿࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⫋ဨࡀඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࢆホ౯ࡍࡿほⅬูホ౯࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶᣦᑟࡢᡂᯝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋホ౯ࡀప࠸ࡢࡣ ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ࡟ࡶㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࡢホ౯࠿ࡽᣦᑟୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋᨵၿࡍࡿࠊ࠸ ࢃࡺࡿࠊᣦᑟ࡜ホ౯ࡢ୍య໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඲ᅜᏛ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝࡸࠊᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡀ༢⊂࡛ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᏛ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ࠿ࡽࡶ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦≧ἣࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ࡀฟ᮶ࡿࠋ ≉ูάືࡢᩥ໬ⓗ⾜஦࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᏛ⩦Ⓨ⾲఍ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶⰋ࠸ࠋ⏕ᚐࡢ⏕ࡁ⏕ࡁࡋࡓጼࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛ ᩍဨࡶᡂᯝࢆᐇឤ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞⮬ಙࢆᚓࡿᶵ఍࡜࡞ࡿࠋ ᳨ド࡛㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᳨ド⤖ᯝࢆ⏕ᚐࠊಖㆤ⪅࡟࿘▱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᳨ドࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᚓࡽࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࢆṇ ┤࡟ఏ࠼ࠊࡑࢀࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࠊᰯ㛗ࡀᩥ᭩࡛㏻▱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ḟࡢᩥ᭩ࡣᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖ⤖ᯝࡢࠊಖㆤ⪅࡬ࡢࠕ࠾▱ࡽࡏࠖࡢᢤ⢋࡛࠶ࡿࠋホ౯⤖ ᯝࡀ࣮ࣞࢲ࣮ࢳ࣮ࣕࢺ࡛♧ࡉࢀࠊホ౯⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓㄢ㢟ࡢᢕᥱࠊᨵၿ᪉㔪ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦࠾▱ࡽࡏ㸧 ௒ᖺᗘ ᭶ᐇ᪋ࡢࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖ⤖ᯝࢆཷࡅࡲࡋ࡚ࠊㄢ㢟ᨵၿⅬ➼ࢆ࠾▱ࡽࡏ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ ⏕ᚐ⮬㌟ࡢྲྀ⤌≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠕࠉᏛ⩦࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣⱥㄒࡸᩘᏛࢆ㝖ࡃᩍ⛉࡛᭱ࡶཝࡋ࠸ホ౯࡜ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࠕࠉᤵᴗࡢ඘ᐇឤࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ௚ࡢ㡯┠࡟ẚ࡭ࠊࡸࡸཝࡋ࠸ホ౯࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲ ࡍࠋ୍᪉ࠊࠕࠉᤵᴗࡢ‽ഛ࣭ᩍᮦࡢᕤኵࠖࡢホ౯ࡣᮏᰯ⫋ဨࡢ᪥㡭ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡢᡂᯝࡀ⾲ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅ ࡜ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ ௒ᚋࡣࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࠊᤵᴗࡢ㉁ᨵၿࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓྛᩍ⛉◊✲఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋࠊ⏕ᚐࡢ୺యⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢ ྲྀ⤌ࢆ඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࠊ▱㆑ᢏ⬟ࡢ☜ᐇ࡞⩦ᚓ࡜ࠊࡇࢀࡽࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚ࠉᛮ⪃ຊุ࣭᩿ຊ࣭⾲⌧ຊࢆ⫱ࡴᩍ ᮦࡢෆᐜ᳨ウࡸᩍᤵ᪉ἲࡢᨵၿ࡟ྥࡅࠊᩍ⫋ဨ୍ྠࠊࡉࡽ࡟◊㛑ࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ཧࡾࡲࡍࠋ. ̿̿.

(7) ᮾி⌮⛉኱Ꮫᩍ⫋ᩍ⫱◊✲ࠉ๰หྕ㸦➨ ྕ㸧. նᨵၿ㸦Action㸧 ᨵၿ㸦Action㸧ࡣㄢ㢟࡜ྥࡁྜ࠼ࢀࡤࠊ⮬ࡎ࡜᪉⟇ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࠋㄢ㢟࡜ṇ㠃࠿ࡽྥࡁྜ࠸ࠊᨵၿࡢ᪉⟇ ࢆᰯ㛗ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢࡶ࡜ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࠊ඲⫋ဨࡀඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᫬ᮇࡣ ᖺᗘᮎࠋᚲࡎࠊ୍ᖺࡢ⥲ᣓࢆࡋ࡚ࠊḟᖺᗘࡢィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⚄ዉᕝ┴࡛ࡣ୍ᖺ㛫ࡢィ⏬ࢆᏛᰯ┠ᶆࡢ୰࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡳࠊ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ➼࡛࿘▱ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᖺᗘᮎ࡟ ࡣᏛᰯホ㆟ဨ఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋࠊ⮬ᕫホ౯ࢆᰯ㛗ࡀㄝ᫂ࡋࠊᏛᰯホ㆟ဨࡸ➨୕⪅ᶵ㛵࠿ࡽእ㒊ホ౯ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛᰯホ౯࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟➼ࡢᣦ᦬஦㡯ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫホ౯࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟බ㛤ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ ࡃࠊ┴ᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍࡟ሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓホ౯⤖ᯝࢆḟᖺᗘࡢᏛᰯせぴ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊᨵၿ᪉ ⟇ࢆᏛᰯ┠ᶆ࡟ྲྀࡾ㎸ࡳࠊᏛᰯせぴࡸ࣮࣒࣮࣍࣌ࢪ࡟ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚ࠊホ౯⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ ㄢ㢟ࡢᨵၿ᪉⟇ࢆḟᖺᗘࡢᏛᰯ┠ᶆ࡟⏕࠿ࡍࠋ. 㸬ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡜ே஦ホ౯ ⚄ዉᕝ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᩍဨࡣᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࠊ⏕ᚐᣦᑟࠊᏛᰯ㐠Ⴀࡢ ࡘࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮࡛ࣜᖺᗘᙜึ࡟┠ᶆࢆ❧࡚ࠊ ᰯ㛗࡜㠃᥋ࡋࠊᰯ㛗ࡣᙜヱᩍㅍࡢᤵᴗほᐹࢆᖺ ᅇᐇ᪋ࡋࠊᖺᗘᮎ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᩍဨࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࢆᰯ㛗ࡀᣦ ᑟࠊཬࡧホ౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖺᗘᙜึ࡜ᖺᗘᮎࠊᰯ㛗ࡣྛᩍဨ࡜ಶู࡟㠃᥋ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ┠ᶆࡢጇᙜ ᛶࡸᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᣦᑟࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾࠊᙜヱᩍㅍࡣ⮬ࡽࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊ⫋ົ⾜ືࡢᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࡞ ࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺᗘᮎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛᩍဨࡢ㡯┠ูࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂ≧ἣࢆᰯ㛗ࠊᩍ㢌ࡀホ౯ࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢホ౯ࡣᙜヱᩍㅍᮏே࡟ 㛤♧ࡉࢀࠊᰯ㛗ࡣホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࠊὀពࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ ࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࠖ ࡣࠊᰯ㛗࡟ࡼࡿᴗ⦼ホ౯࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᴗ⦼ホ౯࡟┤⤖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᰯ㛗ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ ࡛ࡶ⮬ࡽࡢᤵᴗほᐹࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᩍဨࡢᴗ⦼ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. 㸬⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࡢ⤒ᖺኚ໬ ࡇࡇ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓ㧗ᰯ࡛ࡣࠊ๓࣮࣌ࢪ࡟♧ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᖺ ᅇࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯ࡢ࠶࡜ࠊẖᖺࠊ⏕ᚐࠊ ಖㆤ⪅ྥࡅ࡟ホ౯⤖ᯝࡢࠕ࠾▱ࡽࡏࠖࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ࠾▱ࡽࡏ࠿ࡽࢢࣛࣇࡢࡳࢆᢤ⢋ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ ᖺ㛫ࡢ㛫࡟⫋ဨ඲యࡢᤵᴗຊࡀྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ⤌⧊ⓗ࡞ᤵᴗᨵၿࢆࠊ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓᡂᯝࡀ୍┠░↛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ. ̿̿.

(8) ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉࠉ ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠉࠉ. 㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥௜୰ᩍᑂ⟅⏦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ୺యⓗࠊᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸Ꮫࡧ㸦࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ㸧 ࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᤵᴗᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⏕ᚐࡀఱࢆࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫࡧࠊ ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢳ࣮࣒Ꮫᰯ࡜ ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ࡜ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽࡢᏛᰯࡣࠊࠕ⏕ᚐࡀఱࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫࡧࠊఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ࠿ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ஦๓࡟ࡑࡢ᪉ 㔪ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࠊィ⏬ࢆෆእ࡟♧ࡋࠊᐇ㊶ࡋࠊࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆホ౯ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊホ౯⤖ᯝ࡟┿ᦸ࡟ྥࡁྜ࠸ࠊ ㄢ㢟ࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ඲ᩍဨࡀ୍య࡜࡞ࡗࡓᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⫋ဨ඲ဨࡢᤵᴗຊྥୖࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊఱࡼ ࡾࠊࡑࡢᜠᜨࢆ⏕ᚐࡀཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩୍ぴ ⚄ዉᕝ┴❧ཌᮌ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠊᖹᡂ ᖺᗘࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗホ౯⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠖ㸦⏕ ᚐࠊಖㆤ⪅ྥࡅ࠾▱ࡽࡏ㸧 ⚄ዉᕝ┴❧ཌᮌ㧗➼Ꮫᰯᤵᴗᨵၿィ⏬㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ∧㸧. ̿̿.

(9)