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1 x2+ 1 ·(x2+ 1)0 =p x2+ 1 + x 2√ x2+ 1 ·2x =p x2+ 1

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1章 微分法 §2 いろいろな関数の導関数 (p.43p.44) 練習問題2-A

1. 1y0 ={(e2x+ 1)3}0 {(e2x+ 1)3}2

=3(e2x+ 1)2·(e2x+ 1)0 (e2x+ 1)6

=3(e2x+ 1)2·(e2x)·(2x)0 (e2x+ 1)6

=6e2x(e2x+ 1)2 (e2x+ 1)6

= 6e2x (e2x+ 1)4

2y0 ={sin4(12x)}0 {sin4(12x)}2

=4 sin3(12x)· {sin(12x)}0 sin8(12x)

=4 sin3(12x) cos(12x)·(12x)0 sin8(12x)

= 8 sin3(12x) cos(12x) sin8(12x)

= 8 cos(12x) sin5(12x)

3y0 =x0p

x2+ 1 +x(p x2+ 1)0

=p

x2+ 1 +x· 1 2 · 1

x2+ 1 ·(x2+ 1)0

=p

x2+ 1 + x 2

x2+ 1 ·2x

=p

x2+ 1 + x2 x2+ 1

= (x2+ 1) +x2

x2+ 1

= 2x2+ 1

x2+ 1

4y0 = 2 logx·(logx)0

= 2 logx· 1 x

= 2 logx x

5y0 = 1

logx ·(logx)0

= 1

logx · 1 x

= 1

xlogx

2. 1y= sin−1 1

2 とおくと siny= 1

2

³

π

2 <=y <= π 2

´

であるから   y= π

6  よって

   与式= sin π 6 = 1

2

2sin 2π 3 =

3

2 であるから   与式= sin−1

3 2 y= sin−1

3

2 とおくと

siny=

3 2

³

π

2 <=y <= π 2

´

であるから   y= π

3 よって, 与式= π

3 3. 1)  y0= 1

1 + (sinx)2 ·(sinx)0

= 1

1 + sin2x ·cosx

= cosx 1 + sin2x

2)  y0= p 1

1(cosx)2 ·(cosx)0+ 1

= 1

1cos2x ·(−sinx) + 1

=sinx sin2x + 1

=sinx

sinx + 1 (sinx >= 0)

=−1 + 1 =0 4. 1左辺= 1

2a(log xa log x+a )0

= 12a

³ 1

xa ·(xa)0

1

x+a ·(x+a)0

´

= 12a

³ 1

xa 1 x+a

´

= 12a · (x+a)(xa) (xa)(x+a)

= 12a · 2a x2a2

= 1

x2a2 =右辺

(2)

2左辺= 1 x+

x2+A ·(x+p

x2+A)0

= 1

x+ x2+A

× µ

1 + 1

2 · 1

x2+A ·(x2+A)0

= 1

x+

x2+A · µ

1 + 2x 2

x2+A

= 1

x+

x2+A ·

x2+A+x x2+A

= 1

x2+A =右辺

5. f(x) =x46x3+ 8x21とおくと,y =f(x) (−∞,∞)で連続である.

   f(−1) = (−1)46·(−1)3+ 8·(−1)21

= 1 + 6 + 81 = 14>0    f(0) =−1<0

   f(1) = 146·13+ 8·121

= 16 + 81 = 2>0    f(2) = 246·23+ 8·221

= 1648 + 321 =−1<0    f(3) = 346·33+ 8·321

= 81162 + 721 =−10<0    f(4) = 446·43+ 8·421

= 256384 + 1281 =−1<0    f(5) = 546·53+ 8·521

= 625750 + 2001 = 74>0  よって,方程式f(x) = 0は,区間(−1,0),(0,1), (1,2),(2,5)のそれぞれに少なくとも1 つずつの実数 解をもつが,4次方程式の実数解は高々4個であるか ら,各区間に(少なくともではなく)1つずつ実数解を もつ.

 したがって,与えられた方程式は−15の間に4 個の実数解をもつ.

6. 1左辺= e−xe−(−x) 2

= e−xex 2

= −(exe−x) 2

=exe−x 2

=sinhx=右辺

2左辺= e−x+e−(−x) 2

= e−x+ex 2

= ex+e−x 2

= coshx=右辺

3左辺=

µex+e−x 2

2

µexe−x 2

2

= e2x+ 2ex·e−x+e−2x 4

e2x2ex·e−x+e−2x 4

= e2x+ 2 +e−2x

4 e2x2 +e−2x 4

= 44 = 1 =右辺

4左辺=

µexe−x 2

0

= exe−x·(−x)0 2

= exe−x·(−1) 2

= ex+e−x 2

= coshx=右辺

5左辺=

µex+e−x 2

0

= ex+e−x·(−x)0 2

= ex+e−x·(−1) 2

= exe−x 2

= sinhx=右辺

6左辺=

µexe−x ex+e−x

0

= (exe−x)0(ex+e−x)(exe−x)(ex+e−x)0 (ex+e−x)2

= (ex+e−x)2(exe−x)2 (ex+e−x)2

= 4

(ex+e−x)2

= 1

µex+e−x 2

2

= 1

cosh2x =右辺

(3)

練習問題2-B

1. 1y0 = (

x)0sin 1 x +

x·³ sin 1

x

´0

= 1

2

x ·sin 1 x +

x·cos 1 x ·

³1 x

´0

= 1

2

x ·sin 1 x +

x x2 ·cos 1

x ·³

1 x2

´

= 1

2

x ·sin 1 x

x x2 ·cos 1

x

= 1

2

x ·sin 1 x 1

x

x ·cos 1 x

= 1

2x x

µ

xsin 1

x 2 cos 1 x

2y0 = 1 tan x

2

·³ tan x

2

´0

= 1

tan x 2

· 1 cos2 x

2

·

³x 2

´0

= 1

sin x 2 cos x

2

· 1 2

= 1

2 sin x 2 cos x

2

= 1

sinx

3y0 =r 1 1

³1 x

´2 ·

³1 x

´0

=r 1 x21

x2

·

³

1 x2

´

= 1

x2·

x21 x

= 1

x2 x21

x

(x >1より,x =x)

= 1

x x21

4y0 = 1 1 +

³1x 1 +x

´2 ·

³1x 1 +x

´0

= 1

(1 +x)2+ (1x)2 (1 +x)2

× (1x)0(1 +x)(1x)(1 +x)0 (1 +x)2

= −1·(1 +x)(1x)·1 (1 +x)2+ (1x)2

(1 +x)2 ×(1 +x)2

= −1x1 +x (1 +x)2+ (1x)2

= −2

1 + 2x+x2+ 12x+x2

= −2

2x2+ 2 = 1 x2+ 1

2. 1) 両辺の自然対数をとると   logy= logxlogx

= (logx)2  両辺をxで微分すると    y0

y = 2 logx· 1 x  よって

y0=y· 2 x logx

=xlogx· 2 x logx

=2xlogx−1logx

2) 両辺の自然対数をとると   logy= log(logx)x

=xlog(logx)  両辺をxで微分すると y0

y =x0log(logx) +x{log(logx)}0

= log(logx) +x µ 1

logx · 1 x

= log(logx) + 1 logx  よって

y0=y

½

log(logx) + 1 logx

¾

=(logx)x

½

log(logx) + 1 logx

¾

3) 両辺の絶対値の自然対数をとると   log y = log (x+ 3)2(x2)3

(x+ 1)4

= log (x+ 3)2 + log (x2)3 log (x+ 1)4

= 2 log x+ 3 + 3 log x2 4 log x+ 1  両辺をxで微分すると

y0 y = 2

x+ 3 + 3

x2 4 x+ 1

= 2(x2x2) + 3(x2+ 4x+ 3)4(x2+x6) (x+ 3)(x2)(x+ 1)

= x2+ 6x+ 29 (x+ 3)(x2)(x+ 1)  よって

y0=y· x2+ 6x+ 29 (x+ 3)(x2)(x+ 1)

= (x+ 3)2(x2)3

(x+ 1)4 · x2+ 6x+ 29 (x+ 3)(x2)(x+ 1)

= (x+ 3)(x2)2(x2+ 6x+ 29) (x+ 1)5

(4)

4) 両辺の自然対数をとると    logy= log 3

s

x2+ 1 (x+ 1)2

= log

½ x2+ 1 (x+ 1)2

¾1

3

= 13{log(x2+ 1)log(x+ 1)2}

= 13{log(x2+ 1)2 log(x+ 1)}

 両辺をxで微分すると y0

y = 1 3

µ 1

x2+ 1 ·2x2· 1 x+ 1

= 23 µ x

x2+ 1 1 x+ 1

= 23 · x(x+ 1)(x2+ 1) (x2+ 1)(x+ 1)

= 2(x1) 3(x2+ 1)(x+ 1)2  よって

y0=y· 2(x1) 3(x2+ 1)(x+ 1)

= 3 s

x2+ 1

(x+ 1)2 · 2(x1) 3(x2+ 1)(x+ 1)

= 3

x2+ 1 p3

(x+ 1)2 · 2(x1) 3(x2+ 1)(x+ 1)

= 2(x1)

3(x+ 1)p3

(x2+ 1)2(x+ 1)

3. y0= (sinx+a)0(x21)(sinx+a)(x21)0 (x21)2

= cosx·(x21)(sinx+a)·2x (x21)2

= (x21) cosx2x(sinx+a) (x21)2

よって

  左辺= (x21)· (x21) cosx2x(sinxa) (x21)2

+ 2x· sinx+a x21

= (x21) cosx2x(sinxa) x21

+ 2x(sinxa) x21

= (x21) cosx x21

= cosx=右辺

4. lim

x→0f(x) = lim

x→0

(

2x+ 11)(

2x+ 1 + 1) x(

2x+ 1 + 1)

= lim

x→0

(2x+ 11 x(

2x+ 1 + 1)

= lim

x→0

2x x(

2x+ 1 + 1)

= lim

x→0

2

2x+ 1 + 1

= 2

2·0 + 1 + 1 = 2 2 = 1 また,f(0) = 1

よって,lim

x→0f(x) = 1 =f(0)

であるから,f(x),x= 0で連続である.

5. 1) f(x)が,x= 1で連続であるための条件は,

x→1limf(x) =f(1)である.

f(1) = 1 = 1 また

lim

x→1+0f(x) = lim

x→1+0

x

= 1 = 1 lim

x→1−0f(x) = lim

x→1−0(ax2+bx)

=a·12+b·1 =a+b よって,求める条件は

a+b= 1

2) f(x)が,x= 1で微分可能であれば,x= 1 で連続で,lim

x→1

f(x)f(1)

x1 が存在する.

lim

x→1+0

f(x)f(1) x1

= lim

x→1+0

x 1 x1

= lim

x→1+0

x 1 (

x+ 1)( x1)

= lim

x→1+0

1 x+ 1

= 1

1 + 1 = 1 2 lim

x→1−0

f(x)f(1) x1

= lim

x→1−0

ax2+bxab) x1

= lim

x→1−0

a(x21) +b(x1)) x1

= lim

x→1−0

a(x+ 1)(x1) +b(x1)) x1

= lim

x→1−0

(x1){a(x+ 1) +b}

x1

= lim

x→1−0{a(x+ 1) +b}

= 2a+b

(5)

よって,2a+b= 1 2

また,1)より,a+b= 1であるから

a+b= 1 2a+b= 1

2

これを解いて,a=1

2, b= 3 2 6. 1f0(0) = lim

x→0

f(x)f(0) x0

= lim

x→0

x2sin 1 x 0 x

= lim

x→0xsin 1 x  ここで,x= 0\ のとき   0<= sin 1

x <= 1より   0<= xsin 1

x <= x lim

x→0 x = 0であるから   lim

x→0xsin 1 x = 0  よって,f0(0) = 0

2x= 0\ のとき

f0(x) = (x2)0sin 1

x +x2·³ sin 1

x

´0

= 2xsin 1

x +x2·cos 1 x ·

³1 x

´0

= 2xsin 1

x +x2·cos 1 x ·³

1 x2

´

= 2xsin 1

x cos 1 x x−→ 0のとき,2xsin 1

x −→0であるが,

cos 1

x の極限値は存在しない(振動する)ので,

x→0limf0(x)も存在しない.

 よって,lim

x→0f0(x) =f0(0)とはならないので,

f0(x)x= 0で連続ではない.

参照

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