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Eiji TAKAGI ࣞ!࿐!ם!ঢ  A computational model of strategic evolution in romantic relationships. ႪՔ۾߸̤̫ͥͅ୽ၞૺا͈ࠗॳκΟσ

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(1)

ၯ₹ᄢቇ♿ⷐ㧔ᢎ㙃ቇㇱ㧕╙Ꮞ╙ภ ᐕ

㧙㧙

ႪՔ۾߸̤̫ͥͅ୽ၞૺا͈ࠗॳκΟσ

A computational model of strategic evolution in romantic relationships.

ࣞ! ࿐! ם! ঢɖ

Eiji TAKAGI

㜞ᧁ(2010)ߢ૞ᚑߒߚᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ᕜᗲ㑐ଥߦ߅ ߌࠆᚢ⇛߇ㅴൻߔࠆࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ૞ᚑߒ㧘⹜ⴕ⊛ߦታᣉߒߚ㧚ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯ࠪ

࡚ࡦ⚿ᨐߢߪᰴߩ⚿ᨐ(ࡕ࠺࡞ߩ੍᷹)߇ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧚

1)

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ⋧ᚻߦ᳞߼ࠆ௑

ะߪ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇㜞޿⠪߶ߤᒝ޿㧚ᦸ߹ߒߐߦࠃࠆߎߩ⋧㆑ߪ㧘ਔᕈ߇⥄↱ߦࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭

ߢ߈ࠆ႐วߦ㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

2)

␠ળ⊛ߦᦸ߹ߒ޿⠪ߪᕜᗲߦ߅ߌࠆⓍᭂᕈ㧔ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭߿ฃ

⻌ߩߒ߿ߔߐ㧕߇ૐߊߥࠆ㧚߹ߚࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭߦਇᐔ╬߇޽ࠆߣ߈㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭߩߥ޿

஥ߪⓍᭂᕈ߇ૐਅߔࠆ㧚

3)

⋧ᚻߣߩ㊒ว޿ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߪ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㜞޿⠪߶ߤᒝ

޿㧚㊒ว޿ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߪ߹ߚ㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭ߇ਔᕈߦ޽ࠆ႐วߦ㜞ߊߥࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ᚢ

⇛ㅴൻߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞㑆ߩᦸ߹ߒߐߦ߅ߌࠆ㊒ว޿߇㜞߹ࠆߎߣ߽␜ߐࠇߚ㧚ߎߩ

ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐߪ㧘⋧੕૞↪⁁ᴫߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃߆ࠄ୘ੱ࡟ࡧࠚ࡞ߩᔒะ߇↢߹ࠇࠆ น⢻ᕈࠍ␜ໂߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ࠠ࡯ࡢ࡯࠼㧦ᕜᗲ㑐ଥ㧘ᚢ⇛㧘ㅴൻ㧘⸘▚ᯏࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

㧝 ߪߓ߼ߦ

㧝㧝 ໧㗴⸳ቯ

ᧄⓂߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘ᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩ⸘▚ࡕ࠺࡞(㜞 ᧁ, 2010)ࠍ೨ឭߦߒߡ㧘ߘߩਛߢㅴൻߔࠆᕜᗲ ⴕേߩᚢ⇛ㅴൻࠍⷰኤߒ㧘ߘߩ⚿ᨐࠍಽᨆߔࠆ ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ㅴൻߐߖࠆᚢ⇛ᰴరߣߒߡ㧘 ޟ␠ળ

⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㧔଀㧦⋧ᚻߩኈ⽩㧕ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠ㧘 ޟᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑ะޠ㧘ޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔ ࠆ௑ะޠࠍㆬ߱㧚

㧝㧞 ㅴൻ⊛ࡕ࠺࡞ߩᗧ⟵

ᧄ Ⓜ ߢ ޿ ߁ ⸘ ▚ ࡕ ࠺ ࡞

(computational model)ߣߪ㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕ

࠺࡞ߣห⟵ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⃻⽎ߩㆊ⒟ࠍࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦ

ࠣ⸒⺆ߢࠦ࡯࠼ൻߒߚℂ⺰ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᜰߔ㧚

ࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߪ㧘⸘▚ᯏࠍ

↪޿ߡ㧘೨ឭ߇૗ࠍᏫ⚿ߔࠆ߆ࠍផ⺰ߔࠆᕁ⠨

ታ㛎ߢ޽ࠆ㧚␠ળ⑼ቇߢߪ㧘ଢቱ਄㧘ࠦࡦࡇࡘ

࡯࠲ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕ࠺࡞ࠍޟන⚐ផ⺰ဳޠ ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߣޟㅴൻဳޠߩࡕ࠺࡞ߦ඙ಽߒߡ⠨߃ ࠆߩ߇ଢ೑ߢ޽ࠆ(㜞ᧁ, 2004)㧚

න⚐ផ⺰ဳߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ৻

ቯߩⴕേ࡞࡯࡞㧔ᚢ⇛㧕ࠍਈ߃㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻

߇ߘࠇࠄߩᚢ⇛ࠍ߽ߞߡ⋧੕૞↪ߔࠆᏫ⚿ࠍ⸘

▚ߦࠃࠅዉߊ㧚␠ળ⑼ቇߦ߅ߌࠆࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲

ߚ߆߉࡮߃޿ߓ

ၯ₹ᄢቇᢎ㙃ቇㇱᢎ᝼㧘␠ળᔃℂቇ

(2)

㧙㧙

ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࡕ࠺࡞ߩᄙߊߪߎߩဳߦ⹥ᒰ ߔࠆ㧚ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩⴕേ࡞࡯࡞ߪਈઙ㧔ᄖ↢

ᄌᢙ㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩᅷᒰᕈߩᩮ᜚ߪࡕ࠺࡞ߣߪ

೎ߦ᳞߼ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚

ઁᣇ㧘ㅴൻဳߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘න⚐ផ⺰ဳߢߪ

޿ࠊ߫ᄖ↢ᄌᢙߢ޽ߞߚᚢ⇛㧔ⴕേ࡞࡯࡞㧕ࠍ

ౝ↢ᄌᢙൻߒ㧘ᚢ⇛ߩㅴൻߣဋⴧ⁁ᘒߣࠍหᤨ

ߦផ⺰ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߔࠆ㧚

ߎߩὐࠍᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢ଀␜ߒߡߺ ࠃ߁㧚ᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻߇੤㓙⋧ᚻ(mate)ߦ᳞߼ࠆߩߪ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹

ߒߐ㧔଀㧦ኈ⽩㧕ߣᘒᐲߩ㘃ૃᕈߢ޽ࠆ㧘ߣߒ ࠃ߁㧚ਔ⠪ࠍߤߩ⒟ᐲ㊀ⷞߔࠆ߆ߩࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲

ࠍᚢ⇛ᰴరǩߣߒ㧘⋧ᚻߦኻߔࠆࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻

ߩ⹏ଔߪǩ࡮⋧ᚻߩᦸ߹ߒߐ㧗(㧝㧙ǩ)࡮⋧ᚻ ߣߩ㘃ૃᕈ ߢਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ߎߩߣ ߈㧘න⚐ផ⺰ဳߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘ǩߩ୯߇ࠛ࡯ࠫ

ࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦಽᏓߒߚߣ߈ߦᕜᗲ㑐ଥ ߩᒻᚑߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᏫ⚿߆↢ߓࠆ߆ࠍផ⺰ߢ߈ ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒǩߩ୯߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ ߦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢಽᏓߔࠆ߆ߪ㧘ਈઙߣߒߡ ࡕ࠺࡞ߦਈ߃ߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒㅴൻဳ

ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘ǩߩ୯ࠍㅴൻߔࠆᚢ⇛ᰴరߣߒ ߡቯ⟵ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ǩ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ୯ߣߒ ߡޟㅴൻޠߔࠆ߆㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ․ᕈߦᔕߓ ߡߤߩࠃ߁ߦᄌൻߔࠆ߆ࠍ㧘ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ ߩ⚿ᨐߣߒߡ᳞߼ࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪ㧘ǩ ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆᚢ⇛ᰴర߇㧘⢛᥊ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ೨ឭߣߒ ߚߣ߈㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥಽᏓߢ಴⃻ߔࠆ߆ࠍࡕ࠺࡞

ߣߒߡផ⺰ߔࠆߎߣࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒ ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ㅴൻဳࡕ࠺࡞ߩᗧ⟵ߪ㧘ࠃࠅ৻⥸⊛ߦᰴߩࠃ ߁ߦ⴫⃻ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿㧚␠ળ⑼ቇ߇ኻ⽎ߣߔࠆ␠

ળ⊛⁁ᴫߪ㧘᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߟ߹ࠅ⋧੕૞↪ߩ᭴ㅧ ߣ㧘୘ੱ⊛ⷐ࿃ߟ߹ࠅࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩⴕേ࡞࡯

࡞߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚ផ⺰ဳߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘ߎߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ

࿃ߣ୘ੱ⊛ⷐ࿃ࠍਈઙߣߒߡਈ߃ߚߣ߈ߩ⋧੕

૞↪ߩᏫ⚿ࠍផ⺰ߔࠆⵝ⟎ߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚ઁᣇ㧘ㅴ ൻဳߩࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘⋧੕૞↪ߩᏫ⚿ߣߒߡ୘ੱ⊛

ⷐ࿃߇᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߩਅߢߤߩࠃ߁ߦᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ ࠆ߆ࠍℂ⺰⊛ߦផ⺰ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚⸒

޿឵߃ࠇ߫㧘୘ੱߩ޽ࠅᣇ߇␠ળ⊛ߦߤߩࠃ߁ ߦⷙቯߐࠇࠆ߆ࠍផ⺰ߔࠆⵝ⟎ߣߒߡ㧘ㅴൻဳ

ߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᧄⓂߦ߅ߌࠆ⹜ߺߪ㧘ᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩࡕ࠺࡞

㧔㜞ᧁ, 2010㧕ࠍ೨ឭߦߒߚߣ߈ߦ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚ ࡦ࠻ߦߤߩࠃ߁ߥᕜᗲ਄ߩᚢ⇛߇↢߹ࠇᓧࠆ߆ ࠍផ⺰ߔࠆ⹜ߺߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

㧝㧟 ᚢ⇛ߩㅴൻ

ᧄⓂ߇ขࠅ਄ߍࠆᕜᗲᚢ⇛ߩᰴరߣߪ㧘ᣢㅀ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㧔଀㧦⋧ᚻߩኈ⽩㧕 ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠ㧘ޟᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑ะޠ㧘 ߅ࠃ߮ޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ᧄⓂߩಽᨆ߇⢛᥊ߣߔࠆᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑࡕ࠺࡞

ߢߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ⇣ᕈߦ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߣ ᘒᐲߩ㘃ૃᕈࠍ᳞߼ࠆߣ઒ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚╙㧝ߩ ޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߣߪ㧘ߘߩ ߁ߜߩ೨⠪ࠍࠃࠅ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะࠍ⴫ߔ㧚ߎߩ௑

ะ߇ᒝ޿ߎߣߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᕜᗲ⋧ᚻߦᄖ

⷗߿⾗↥ߣ޿ߞߚ᧦ઙࠍࠃࠅ᳞߼ࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧

ߔࠆ㧚ㅒߦߎߩ௑ะ߇ૐ޿ߣ߈ߪ㧘ᕈᩰ⊛ߥ⋧

ᕈࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚 ޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ㊀ ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᧦ઙߢ㜞߹ࠆ߆߇㑐 ᔃߩὶὐߢ޽ࠆ㧚

╙㧞ߩޟᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑ะޠߪ㧘ᕜᗲ ߦ߅޿ߡⓍᭂ⊛ߦ⥄ಽ߆ࠄേߊ߆㧘ㅒߦᒁ߈ߎ

߽ࠆ߆ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ᧦ઙߢⓍᭂᕈ ߇ㅴൻ⊛ߦ↢߹ࠇࠆ߆߇㑐ᔃߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚

╙㧟ߩᚢ⇛ᰴరޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߪ㧘

⋧ᚻࠍ⥄ಽߣ㊒ࠅว߁㧔␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ᳓Ḱ߇

⥄ಽߣㄭ޿㧕 ▸࿐ߦ᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߢ޽ࠆ㧚৻⥸ߦ㧘 ᕜᗲ㑐ଥߢߪ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ᳓Ḱ㧔଀㧦ኈ⽩᳓

Ḱ㧕ߩ㊒ว޿௑ะ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚ߎߩ㊒ว޿௑ะߪ

(3)

㧙㧙

᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߛߌ߆ࠄ੍߽᷹ߢ߈ࠆ(Kalick &

Hamilton, 1986;

㜞ᧁ, 2010)㧚ઁᣇߢ㧘୘ੱ࡟

ࡧࠚ࡞ߢ⋧ᚻࠍ㊒ࠅว߁▸࿐ߦ㒢ቯߔࠆ௑ะ߇

↢ߓࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߔࠆ⼏⺰߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ(ᅏ

↰, 1997)㧚⢛᥊ߣߥࠆᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ

୘ੱ࡟ࡧࠚ࡞ߢ㊒ว޿ㅊ᳞ࠍߒߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽ᦸ

߹ߒߐߩ㊒ว޿㧔⋧㑐㧕߇↢ߓࠆߎߣ߇੍᷹ߐ ࠇࠆ߇㧘ઁᣇߢㅴൻ⊛ߦޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑

ะޠ߇୘ੱߩᚢ⇛࡟ࡧࠚ࡞ߢ↢ߓࠆ߆ุ߆߇㧘 ߎߎߢߩಽᨆߩὶὐߢ޽ࠆ㧚

╩⠪ߪㆊ෰ߦ㧘㜞ᧁ(1992)ߩᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑࡕ

࠺࡞ࠍ૶޿㧘ߎߎߢㅀߴߚߩߣห᭽ߩᚢ⇛ㅴൻ ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታᣉߒߡ޿ࠆ (㜞ᧁ,

1993)㧚

એਅߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߪ㜞ᧁ(1993)

ߩಽᨆߦᡷༀࠍᣉߒߡౣታᣉߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚 એਅ㧘ᡷༀὐߩ᭎⇛ࠍㅀߴߡ߅ߊ㧚

╙㧝ߦ㧘੹࿁ߩಽᨆߢߪ⢛᥊ߣߥࠆᕜᗲ㑐ଥ ᒻᚑࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᡷ⸓ߒߡ޽ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ࡊࡠࠣ

࡜ࡓߩࠦ࡯࠼ࠍᣂߚߥࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡒࡦࠣ઀᭽ߦ⋥

ߒ㧘ਇㆡಾߥࠦ࡯࠼ߩᡷ⸓ࠍⴕߞߚ(㜞ᧁ, 2010)㧚

╙㧞ߦ㧘㜞ᧁ(1993)ߢ⫥ߞߚࡊࡠࠣ࡜ࡓ਄ߩ

೙⚂ࠍ޿ߊ߱ࠎߣ߽✭๺ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚㜞ᧁ(1993) ߢߪ㧘⸘▚ᤨ㑆ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᢙࠍ

100ߦ㒢ቯߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᚢ⇛ᰴరࠍหᤨߦㅴൻ

ߐߖࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘୘ޘߩᚢ⇛ᰴరߩㅴൻࠍ೎

ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣߒߡⴕߞߚ㧚ⶄᢙߩᚢ⇛

ᰴరࠍหᤨߦㅴൻߐߖߚߣ߈ߩᏫ⚿ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߩ ߪ㧘੹࿁߇ᦨೋߦߥࠆ㧚

╙㧟ߦ㧘㜞ᧁ(1993)ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ᚢ⇛ᰴ

రࠍㆡಾߦቯ⟵ߒ⋥ߒߚ㧚 ޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ㊀ ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᕜᗲߩ⚿ᨐߩᚑഞᐲ

(fitness)ࠍ㧘㜞ᧁ(1993)ߢߪࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߏߣ

ߩㅴൻߒߚǩߩ୯ߢ⸘▚ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒߎߩ ភ⟎ߢߪ㧘ห৻ߩ᧦ઙߢࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚑഞᐲ ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠄߥ޿ߚ߼㧘੹࿁ߪᚑഞᐲ ࠍหߓǩ=0.5ߢ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߦߒߚ㧚 ޟᕜᗲߦኻߔ ࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑ะޠߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘㜞ᧁ(1993)ߢߪࡊ

ࡠࡐ࡯࠭࡮ฃ⻌ߩ⏕₸߇࠺ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻ߩ႐วߣ ૐ޿႐วߣࠍᲧセߔࠆߛߌߛߞߚ㧚੹࿁ߪ㧘⏕

₸ߪ࠺ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻୯ࠃࠅ㜞ߊߥࠆߎߣ߽⸵ߒߡ

޿ࠆ㧚 ޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߦߟ޿ߡߪ㜞ᧁ

(1993)ߣหߓᠲ૞ࠍߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

㧞㧚ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ

㧞㧝 ⢛᥊ࡕ࠺࡞

ᧄⓂߢߪᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑࡕ࠺࡞(㜞ᧁ, 2010)ࠍ

⢛᥊ߦߒߡ㧘ߘߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߦㅴൻน

⢻ߥᰴరࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ㧚ߘߩ⢛᥊ߣߥࠆࡕ࠺࡞ߩ

᭎⇛ߪᰴߩߏߣߊߢ޽ࠆ㧔࿑㧝㧕㧚

ో૕ߩᵹࠇ ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ㧘㧝࿁ߩ⹜ⴕߪ㔌

ᢔ⊛ߢ෻ᓳ⊛ߥ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇࠆ㧚ฦ࡜

࠙ࡦ࠼ߪࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߩធ⸅ዪ㕙ߣ࠺࡯࠻㑐 ଥߢߩធ⸅ዪ㕙߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚ోࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇⋧

੕૞↪߆ࠄㅌ಴ߒߚߣ߈㧘ߟ߹ࠅਅ⸥ߩޟᇕ⚂

㑐ଥޠߦ౉ߞߚߣ߈㧘⹜ⴕߪ⚳ੌߔࠆ㧚

ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩዻᕈ ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪหᢙߩ↵

ᅚߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍ↢ᚑߔࠆ㧚ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᢙ ߪว⸘256㧘↵ᅚฦ128ߣ߅ߊ㧚

ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐޠ㧘ޟᘒᐲޠ㧘 ޟ૏⟎ޠߣ޿߁㧟ߟߩዻᕈࠍᜬߟ㧚

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ(social desirability)ߣߪ㧘ኈ

⽩(physical attractiveness)ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘 ⇣ᕈߦߣ ߞߡ৻᭽ߦ㝯ജ⊛ߣߥࠆ㧝ᰴర⊛ߥⷐ࿃ࠍᜰߒ ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘଻᦭ߔࠆ⾗Ḯ㧔⾗↥㧕ߩ ᄢ߈ߐߥߤߣ⸃㉼ߒߡ߽ࠃ޿㧚ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢߪ

࠺ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻ߢ㧘ޟᄖ⷗ޠߪ 0.0 ߆ࠄ 10.0 ߹ ߢߩ㧝ᰴరߩታᢙ୯ߣߔࠆ㧚⹜ⴕߩ㐿ᆎᤨߦ৻

᭽ੂᢙࠍઍ౉ߔࠆ㧚

ᘒᐲߪ㧞୯[1/0]ࠍߣࠆ10ߩᰴరߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇ ࠆ㧚࠺ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻ߢ㧘ฦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᘒᐲߩ ฦᰴరߩ୯߇㧘⹜ⴕ 㐿ᆎᤨߦ ੂᢙߢ᳿߹ࠆ

(p=.5)㧚છᗧߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻࡮ࡍࠕߩᘒᐲߩ㘃

ૃᕈߪหߓ୯ߣߥࠆ㧚ᱜ⏕ߥ㘃ૃᕈ߇⋧ᚻࠛ࡯

(4)

㧙㧙

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆߣߪ㒢ࠄߥ޿㧘ߣ઒ቯߒ ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

૏⟎ߪ㧘㧞ᰴర࡙࡯ࠢ࡝࠶࠼ⓨ㑆਄ߩฦࠛ࡯

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ૏⟎ࠍ⴫ߔ㧚࠺ࡈࠜ࡯࡞࠻⸳ቯߢߪ

256ߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ16˜16ߦ㧘਄ਅᏀฝߦ╬

㑆㓒ߦਗ߱ߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߩ〒㔌 ߣߪ㧘ฦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ૏⟎ߩ㑆ߩ㧘㧞ᰴర࡙

࡯ࠢ࡝࠶࠼〒㔌ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߚߛߒᧄⓂߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟

࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ㧘૏⟎ߣ〒㔌ߪ૞↪ߐߖߥ޿㧚

㑐ଥߩᲑ㓏

ෳട⠪㑆ߩ㑐ଥߪޟ㕙⼂ߥߒޠ㧘 ޟ⍮

ࠅว޿㑐ଥޠ㧘ޟ࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥޠ㧘ޟᇕ⚂㑐ଥޠߩ㧠 Ბ㓏ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇ㧘ᄾᯏ߇޽ࠇ߫㓞ធߔࠆᲑ㓏߳

ߣផ⒖ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚

ߔߴߡߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪೋᦼ⁁ᘒߢޟ㕙⼂ߥ ߒޠߩ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩᓟ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢ ߩធ⸅߇↢ߓ㧘ធ⸅ࠍ⚻㛎ߒߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ ࡍࠕߪޟ⍮ࠅว޿㑐ଥޠߦ⒖ⴕߔࠆ㧚⍮ࠅว޿

㑐ଥߩࡍࠕߩዋߥߊߣ߽ ᣇ߇⋧ᚻߦ࠺࡯࠻ࠍ

↳ߒㄟߺ㧘⋧ᚻ߇ฃ⻌ߔࠇ߫㧘ߘߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻ࡍࠕߪޟ࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥޠߣߥࠆ㧚ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻

ߪหᤨߦⶄᢙߩ࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦ౉ࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ

޿ߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߪ㧘უࠇߡ⍮

ࠅว޿㑐ଥߦᚯࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠆ㧚

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥࡍࠕߩዋߥߊߣ߽ ᣇ߇⋧ᚻߦࡊ ࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߒ㧘⋧ᚻ߇ฃ⻌ߔࠇ߫㧘࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߪ ޟᇕ⚂㑐ଥޠ߳ߣ⒖ࠆ㧚ᇕ⚂㑐ଥߦ౉ߞߚࠛ࡯

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ⋧੕ធ⸅ߩ႐㕙߆ࠄㅌ಴ߔࠆ㧘ߣ઒

ቯߔࠆ㧚

ធ⸅

ฦ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼ߢ㧘છᗧߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢ ߪ㧝࿁ߩធ⸅߇↢ߓᓧࠆ㧚ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢធ

⸅߇↢ߓࠆ⏕₸ߪ㧘஧ὼ⊛ធ⸅ߩ⏕₸ߣㆬᛯ⊛

ធ⸅ߩ⏕₸߆ࠄߥࠆ㧚

ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢ஧ὼ⊛ធ⸅߇↢ߓࠆ⏕₸

(P_Base)ߪ৻ቯߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ធ⸅ߒߡ⍮ࠅว޿

㑐ଥߦߥߞߚߣ߈㧘⋧ᚻࠍㆬᛯ⊛ធ⸅ࠍߔࠆᯏ ળ߇޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚⍮ࠅว޿ห჻( i,j )ߩធ⸅⏕

₸ߪ㧘P_Base ߦᰴߩ୯ࠍട▚ߒߚ୯ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

Sqrt(t_attr [i,j ]*t_attr [j,i ])/50.0

࿑㧝㧦ᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭎ᔨ࿑

㧔㜞ᧁ㧔㧕߆ࠄౣ㍳㧕

(5)

㧙㧙

t_attr [i,j ]

ߣ

t_attr [j,i ]

ߪ⋧੕ߦኻߔࠆ㝯 ജ᳓Ḱࠍᜰߔ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘෺ᣇߩ㝯ജߩᐞ૗ᐔဋ ߇㜞޿߶ߤ㧘ㆬᛯ⊛ߥធ⸅⏕₸߇㜞߹ࠆ㧚

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞㑆ߢߪ㧝࡜࠙ࡦ࠼

ߦ㧡࿁ߩធ⸅߇ᔅߕ޽ࠆߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡ㧘

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻࡮ࡍࠕߢߪ㗫❥ߥធ

⸅߇↢ߓ㧘ធ⸅ߦ⛯ߊએਅߩㆊ⒟߽㗫❥ߦ↢ߓ ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚

ᔃℂ⊛ⷐ࿃ ࿑㧝ߦ޽ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘୘ޘߩࠛ࡯ࠫ

ࠚࡦ࠻߇․ቯߩઁߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦᛴߊኻੱ㝯 ജߪ㧘⋧ᚻߩᄖ⷗㧘⋧ᚻߣߩᘒᐲ㘃ૃᕈ⹏ቯ㧘 ߘߒߡႎ㈽ጁᱧߦၮߠߊߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚

╙㧝ߦ㧘⋧ᚻߩ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ᳓Ḱ߇㜞޿߶

ߤ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ⋧ᚻࠍᅢ߈ߦߥࠆ㧚ᦸ߹ߒ ߐ᳓Ḱߪធ⸅ߒߚ⍍㑆ߦ㧘⺋Ꮕ߽ߥߊ㧘ᱜ⏕ߦ

⹺⼂ߐࠇࠆߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚

╙㧞ߦ㧘Byrneࠄ(1965)ߩ⍮⷗ߦၮߠ߈㧘⋧

ᚻߣ⥄ಽߩᘒᐲߩ㘃ૃᕈ߇㜞޿߶ߤ⋧ᚻࠍᅢ߈ ߦߥࠅ߿ߔ޿ߣ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚ઁ⠪ߩᛠីࠍ⚻ߡ⋧

ᚻߩ୯߇ಽ߆ߞߚᘒᐲᰴరߛߌߦၮߠ߈㧘ࠛ࡯

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ⥄ಽߣ⋧ᚻߩᘒᐲ㘃ૃᕈࠍ▚಴ߔࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ᓥߞߡធ⸅߇ㅴ߻ߦᓥ޿㧘ᣂߚߦᘒ ᐲᰴరߩ୯߇ಽ߆ࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅ㧘ߘߩ୯ߦᓥߞ ߡ㘃ૃᕈߩ⹏ቯ߽ᄌൻߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚

㧝࿁ߩធ⸅ߢ⋧ᚻߩᘒᐲߩฦᰴర߇ಽ߆ࠆ⏕

₸(P_found)ࠍ0.1 ߣ߅޿ߚ㧚 ⍮ࠅว޿Ბ㓏ߢಽ ߆ࠆߩߪ╙㧝㨪㧡ᰴరߩ୯ߛߌߢ޽ࠆ㧚࠺࡯࠻

Ბ㓏ߢߪోߡߩᰴరߩ୯߇หߓ

P_found

ߩ⏕

₸ߢಽ߆ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᘒᐲᰴరߩඨಽߪ㧘࠺࡯

࠻㑐ଥߦ౉ߞߡߪߓ߼ߡಽࠆ㧘ߣ઒ቯߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ୯߇ోߊಽ߆ࠄߥ޿⋧ᚻߦߪᗐቯ㘃ૃᕈ 0.5 ࠍઍ౉ߔࠆ㧚

╙㧟ߦ㧘⋧ᚻߣߩធ⸅ߢႎ㈽ࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠇ߫⋧

ᚻ߳ߩ㝯ജߪჇߔ㧚ࠦࠬ࠻ࠍ⚻㛎ߔࠇ߫㝯ജߪ ૐਅߔࠆ㧚

㝯ജߩ⸘▚ ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߩ㝯ജߪᰴߩᣇᴺ

ߢ⸘▚ߔࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐߣ㘃ૃᕈߦၮߠߊ㧘

j

ߦኻߔࠆi ߩ㝯ജattr 1

ij

ߪᰴᑼߢ᳿߹ࠆ㧚

attr1ij = ǩi㨯SDj_val + (1-ǩi)㨯10㨯Simij

SDj_val

ߪ㨖ߩᦸ߹ߒߐߦኻߔࠆ㨕ߩ⹏ଔ

୯㧘Sim

ij

ߪij 㑆ߩ㧔㨕߇⍮ⷡߒߚ㧕ᘒᐲߩ㘃

ૃᕈ㧘

ǩi

ߪቯᢙ[0.0҇ǩ

i

҇1.0]ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ǩi

߇㜞

޿߶ߤ㧘㘃ૃᕈߦᲧߴߡ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇ᒝߊ 㝯ജࠍⷙቯߔࠆ㧚ႎ㈽⚻㛎ߩጁᱧߦၮߠߊ㝯ജ 㧔ᓟㅀ㧕ࠍ

attr 2

ߣߔࠇ߫㧘j ߦኻߔࠆi ߩ✚

ว⊛ߥ㝯ജ

t_attrij

ߪᰴᑼߢ᳿߼ࠆ㧚

t_attrij = Ǫ㨯attr 1ij + (1-Ǫ)㨯attr 2ij

ᧄⓂߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߢߪ㧘ǩߪㅴൻࠍ⚻

ߡᄌൻߔࠆ୯ߢ޽ࠅ㧘Ǫߪ0.5 ߣ߅޿ߚ㧚 ធ⸅߇޽ࠇ߫ߘߩ࡜࠙ࡦ࠼ߢޟ⚿ᨐޠ߇಴ࠆ ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ធ⸅ߩ⚿ᨐߪޟ⦟޿㧛ᖡ޿㧛ߤߜࠄ ߢ߽ߥ޿ޠߩ૗ࠇ߆ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⏕₸⊛ߦ᳿߹ࠆ㧚

⚿ᨐ߇⦟ߌࠇ߫㝯ജߪჇᄢߒ㧘ᖡߌࠇ߫ᷫዋߔ ࠆ㧚

㑐ଥߩㆬᛯ ࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦߥ޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻i

ߪฦ⹜ⴕߢ߹ߛ࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦߥ޿⍮ࠅว޿ߩਛ ߆ࠄᦨ߽ᅢ߈ߥ⋧ᚻj ࠍㆬ߱㧚

i

߇j ࠍ࠺࡯࠻㑐 ଥߦ⺃߁⏕₸ P_proposal㧘㨖߇⺃޿ߦᔕߓࠆ

⏕₸

P_accept

ߪએਅߢ޽ࠆ㧚

P_proposal = P_accept = t_attrij /10.0㧚

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߩ⋧ᚻࠍᦨ⚳⊛㑐ଥߦ⺃߁⏕₸㧘 ߅ࠃ߮ᔕߓࠆ⏕₸ߪߘࠇߙࠇ㧘

P_proposal = t_attrij /20.0, P_accept = t_attrij /10.0㧚

ߚߛߒ Kalick ࠄ(1986)ߦߥࠄ޿㧘ฦ⏕₸ߦ ߪᰴߩᤨ㑆࿶ജ㑐ᢙ

press

ߩ୯ࠍട߃ࠆ㧚

press =

ቯᢙ࡮N

3.

N

ߪᣢߦᇕ⚂㑐ଥߦ౉ߞߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᢙ ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅޟᄁࠇᱷߞߡ޿ࠆޠ߶ߤࡄ࡯࠻

࠽࡯ࠍ⷗ߟߌࠆᣇะ߳ߩ࿶ജ߇㜞޿㧚

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦ߅ߌࠆᄌൻ

ฦ⹜ⴕߢ㧘࠺࡯࠻㑐

ଥߩᒰ੐⠪ߪ㧡࿁ߩធ⸅㧔⹜↪ᦼ㑆㧕ߩᓟߦ㑐

ଥߩ⛮⛯㧛⸃ᶖࠍ್ᢿߔࠆ㧚ዋߥߊߣ߽ ᣇ߇

㑐ଥࠍ㝯ജ⊛ߢߥ޿ߣ್ᢿߔࠇ߫࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߪ

(6)

㧙㧙

⸃ᶖߔࠆ㧚ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ㧘⃻࿷ߩ⍮ࠅว޿㧔࠺࡯

࠻㑐ଥߦߥ޿㧕ߩਛߢࠃࠅᅢ߈ߥ㧔㝯ജࠍᗵߓ ࠆ㧕ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇⷗಴ߖࠇ߫⸃ᶖࠍ↳ߒ಴ࠆ㧚

⛮⛯ࠍ᳿߼ߚࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞ߪห⹜ⴕߢᇕ⚂㑐ଥ߳ߩ

↳ߒ಴ࠍߔࠆᯏળࠍ߽ߟ㧚

࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥߦ߅ߌࠆᄌൻߩ⚿ᨐ ࠺࡯࠻ߩ↳ߒ

಴߇ᚑഞߒߚߣ߈ߪᒰੱߦᚲቯߩႎ㈽߇↢ߓ㧘

⋧ᚻ߳ߩ㝯ജ߇ะ਄ߔࠆ㧚࠺࡯࠻࡮ᦨ⚳⊛㑐ଥ

߳ߩ↳ߒ಴ࠍᢿࠄࠇߚߣ߈ߣ㧘࠺࡯࠻㑐ଥ߇⸃

ᶖߒߚߣ߈ߪ㧘ࠦࠬ࠻߇↢ߓߡ㝯ജ߇ૐਅߔࠆ㧚

㧞㧞 ㅴൻࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⸳ቯ

ታ㛎⸘↹ ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃㧔㧞᳓Ḱ㧕

˜ᕈ೎㧔㧞᳓Ḱ㧕

˜␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ(㧠᳓Ḱ)ߩታ㛎⸘↹ࠍ⸳

ቯߒߚ㧚╙㧝ߩᐔ╬ⷐ࿃߇ⵍ㛎⠪㑆ⷐ࿃㧘ᓟߩ 㧞ⷐ࿃߇ⵍ㛎⠪ౝⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ㧘㜞ᧁ(2010)ߢ߽↪޿ߚᐔ╬

㧛ਇᐔ╬᧦ઙࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚ᐔ╬᧦ઙߣߪਔᣇߩ ᕈߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ᐔ╬ߦࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߢ߈ࠆ᧦

ઙߢ޽ࠆ㧚ਇᐔ╬᧦ઙߣߪ ᣇߩᕈߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚ ࡦ࠻ߛߌ߇ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߢ߈ࠆ᧦ઙߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࡊࡠ ࡐ࡯࠭ߢ߈ߥ޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߽㧘ฃߌߚࡊࡠࡐ

࡯࠭ࠍᜎุߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ࠆ㧚ଢቱ਄㧘ਇᐔ╬

ߢࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߢ߈ࠆ஥ߩᕈࠍ↵ᕈ㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭

ߢ߈ߥ޿஥ߩᕈࠍᅚᕈ㧘ߣ๭ࠎߢ߅ߊ㧚

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߪ[0.0, 1.0]ߩ▸࿐ߩ୯߇ࠛ࡯

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚

2.5߈ߑߺߦ㧠

ߟߩ㓏ጀߦ඙ಽߒߚ㧚ฦᕈߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᢙߪ

128ߥߩߢ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀᒰࠅ32ߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻߇޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚

ᐔ╬㧛ਇᐔ╬ߩฦ᧦ઙߢ50⹜ⴕߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟

࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩⷰኤࠍⴕߞߚ㧚

1⹜ⴕߢ100਎ઍߩㅴ

ൻࠍታᣉߔࠆ㧚ฦ਎ઍߣ߽㧘ోࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ ᇕ⚂㑐ଥߦ౉ߞߚߣ߈ߦ⚳ੌߔࠆ㧚

ฦ⹜ⴕߩೋᦼ⁁ᘒߢ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߩ ୯(1߆0)ߪੂᢙߢഀࠅᒰߡࠄࠇࠆ(p

=.5)㧚਎ઍ

㑆ߢࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߪ⛮ᛚߐࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ

ਅ⸥ߩᚻ㗅ߦᓥ޿㧘ᕈ˜ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߩߘࠇߙ

ࠇߢ㧘

1/4ߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦᚢ⇛ߩ౉ࠇᦧࠊࠅ߇

↢ߓࠆ㧚

ᚢ⇛ߩቯ⟵ ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߪᣢㅀߩ㧟ߟ

ߩⷐ⚛߆ࠄᚑࠅ┙ߟ㧚

╙㧝ߩޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠ

(ǩ)

ߪ[0.0, 1.0]ߩ▸࿐ߢᄌ⇣ߔࠆᄌᢙߢ޽ࠅ㧘㧠୘

ߩ㧞୯ᄌᢙ(0/1)ߦࠃߞߡቯ⟵ߔࠆ㧚

╙㧞ߩޟᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆⓍᭂ⊛௑ะޠߪห᭽ߦ 㧠୘ߩ㧞୯ᄌᢙߢቯ⟵ߒ㧘[0.0, 15/7]ߩ▸࿐ߢ ᄌ⇣ߔࠆ㧚ᣢㅀߩࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭⏕₸(P_proposal) ߣฃ⻌⏕₸(P_accept) ߪ㧘ߎߩ୯ࠍ߆ߌߚ୯ߣ ߒߡౣቯ⟵ߔࠆ㧚

╙㧟ߩޟ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ⷞߔࠆ௑ะޠߪ㧝୘ߩ㧞 ୯ᄌᢙߢቯ⟵ߒߚ㧚୯߇0ߩߣ߈ߪ㊒ว޿ࠍ㊀ ⷞߔࠆ௑ะߪࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ↢ߓߥ޿㧚1ߩߣ ߈ߪ㧘␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄ಽߣߩᏅ߇2.0 એౝߩ⋧ᚻߦኻߒߡߪࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߣฃ⻌ߩ⏕₸

߇㧡ഀჇߒߣߥࠅ㧘ߘࠇએᄖߩ⋧ᚻߦኻߒߡߪ ห⏕₸߇㧡ഀߦᷫࠆ㧚

ว⸘ߢ㧥୘ߩ㧞୯ᄌᢙߦࠃߞߡฦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻ߩᚢ⇛ࠍቯ⟵ߒߚ㧚

ㅴൻߩᣇᴺ ߹ߕᚢ⇛ߩᚑഞᐲ(fitness)ࠍ㧘ᦨ

⚳⊛ߦᇕ⚂ߒߚ⋧ᚻ߆ࠄ᳞߼ࠆᰴߩᢙ୯ߣቯ⟵

ߒߚ㧚i ߪᒰߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㧘j ߪᇕ⚂ߒߚ⋧

ᚻߩ⇣ᕈࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ࠍᜰߔ㧚

fitnessi = 0.5㨯SDj_val + 0.5㨯10㨯Simij

ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᇕ⚂ߒߚ⋧ᚻߩ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߣ㧘 ߘߩ⋧ᚻߣߩᘒᐲ㘃ૃᕈ߇╬ߒߊ㧘ട▚⊛ߦᇕ

⚂ߩᚑഞᐲߩะ਄ߦነਈߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪᕈ೎㧙ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߩ㧤ߟߩ㓸࿅

೎ߦᚢ⇛߇ㅴൻߔࠆ⸳ቯࠍߒߚ㧚ᒰೋ㧘ㅢᏱߩ ㆮવ⊛ࠕ࡞ࠧ࡝࠭ࡓ(GA)ࠍ↪޿ߡߎߩᚢ⇛ㅴ ൻࠍ⹜ⴕߒߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒㅢᏱߩGAࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߣ

⹜ⴕ߅ࠃ߮਎ઍߏߣߩ⚿ᨐ߇቟ቯߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇ ಽ߆ߞߚ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘GAߢߪߥߊ㧘ᰴߩᚢ⇛

⟎߈឵߃ࠍㅴൻߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓߣߒߡណ↪ߒߚ㧚

(7)

㧙㧙 ߥߗGAߢߪ⚿ᨐ߇ਇ቟ቯߦߥࠆ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘

⠨ኤߩ୘ᚲߢ⸅ࠇߚ޿㧚

ណ↪ߒߚߩߪᰴߩᣇᴺߢ޽ࠆ㧚਄⸥ߩᚑഞᐲ ߦࠃߞߡᕈ೎㧙ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߏߣߦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻ࠍ㗅૏ߠߌ㧘਄૏1/4ߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ᚢ⇛ߢਅ

૏1/4ߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ࠍ⟎߈឵߃ߚ㧚ߟ߹

ࠅᄬᢌߒߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪᚑഞߒߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻ߩᚢ⇛ࠍណ↪ߔࠆߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ߘߩ਄ߢ㧘⏕₸

0.005ߢฦࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߩฦᰴరߢ⓭ὼ

ᄌ⇣ࠍ⿠ߎߒߚ㧚

ࠦ ࡯ ࠼ ൻ

ࡊ ࡠ ࠣ ࡜ ࡓ ߩ ࠦ ࡯ ࠺ ࠖ ࡦ ࠣ ߪ

Windows

਄ߩ Pascal ߢ޽ࠆ Delphi 2009 ߢታᣉߒߚ(࿑㧞)㧚

㧟 ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐ

㧟㧝 ᚢ⇛ߩㅴൻ

ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⹜ⴕߩ㐿ᆎᤨὐߢฦࠛ࡯

ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᚢ⇛ߪੂᢙߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘 㐿ᆎᤨὐߢߩᚢ⇛ߩ୯ߩᦼᓙ୯ߪߤߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚ

ࡦ࠻ߢ߽หߓߢ޽ࠆ㧚એਅߩಽᨆߢߪ㧘ᦨ⚳਎

ઍ㧔100਎ઍ⋡㧕ߢߩ㧘ฦ⹜ⴕߦ߅ߌࠆᕈ೎㧙

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߏߣߩ32ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩ ᚢ⇛ߩᐔဋ୯ࠍᓥዻᄌᢙߣߒߡᛒ߁㧚ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃

(2)˜ᕈ೎(2)˜␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ(5)ߩಽᢔಽ

ᨆ㧔ᓟߩ㧞ⷐ࿃ߪⵍ㛎⠪ౝⷐ࿃㧕ࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㊀ⷞ(ǩ) ㅴൻᓟߩǩߩᐔဋ୯

ߪ.709(ᮡḰ⺋Ꮕ.003)ߛߞߚ㧚ᚢ⇛ߩᚑഞᐲߪ ǩ=.5㧘ߟ߹ࠅ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߣᘒᐲ㘃ૃᕈߦห ߓ࠙ࠚࠗ࠻ࠍ߆ߌߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ㅴൻࠍ⚻

ߡ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᔒะߪ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ᳞

߼ࠆᣇะߦᄌൻߒߚߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚

⹜ⴕ㑆ߢ⺋Ꮕ߇ዋߥߊ➅ࠅ㄰ߒᢙ߇ᄙ޿ߩߢ㧘 ᬌቯߢߪ߶ߣࠎߤߩਥലᨐ㧘੤੕૞↪ലᨐ߇᦭

ᗧߣߥࠆ߇㧘ㅴൻᓟߩǩߩ୯ߦኻߔࠆ㗼⪺ߥല ᨐߣߒߡ⏕⹺ߢ߈ߚߩߪ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߩਥല ᨐ(F (1,98)=1174.6,

p =.000)ߣᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ˜

ᐔ ╬ ⷐ ࿃ ߩ ੤ ੕ ૞ ↪ ല ᨐ

(F (1,98)= 111.9,

p =.000)ߢ޽ࠆ(࿑㧟)㧚 ࿑㧟ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ㧘

ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ߇㜞޿߶ߤǩߩ୯߽㜞޿㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘

࿑㧞㧦ᕜᗲㅴൻࡕ࠺࡞ߩࡈࠜ࡯ࡓ

(8)

㧙㧙 ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇㜞޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩጀߢ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹

ߒߐߦߎߛࠊࠆ௑ะ߇ᒝߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘

␠ળ⊛ߦᦸ߹ߒ޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ⋧ᚻࠍㆬᛯߢ ߈ࠆ┙႐ߦ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ᳞߼ࠆ ߎߣ߇ᚑഞࠍ߽ߚࠄߒ߿ߔ޿ߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߦࠃࠆǩߩ୯ߩᄌ⇣ߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫ

ࠚࡦ࠻ߦࠃࠆㆬᛯߦ೙㒢߇߆߆ࠆਇᐔ╬᧦ઙߢ ߪᒙߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᢙ୯ߪ⇣ߥࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘એ਄

ߩ௑ะߪ߅߅߹߆ߦ㜞ᧁ(1993)ߩ⚿ᨐߣ╓วߒ ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ᕜᗲߦኻߔࠆⓍᭂᕈ Ⓧᭂᕈࠍ⴫ߔ⏕₸ߩଥᢙ

ߩ ో ૕ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߪ ㅴ ൻ ᓟ ߦ

1.683(

ᮡ Ḱ ⺋ Ꮕ.005)ߣߥߞߚ㧚㜞ᧁ(2010)ߢ⸳ቯߒߚ⏕₸ߩ

1.683୚ߦㅴൻߒߚߎߣߪ㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭⏕₸߿

ฃ⻌⏕₸ߪ㜞ᧁ(2010)ߦ߅ߌࠆࠃࠅ㜞ߊ⸳ቯߔ

ߴ߈ߢ޽ߞߚߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߔࠆߛࠈ߁㧚

㗼⪺ߥᬌቯ⚿ᨐߣߒߡᰴߩ㧞ὐࠍᜰ៰ߢ߈ ࠆ㧚᧦ઙ೎ߩଥᢙߩᐔဋ୯ࠍ࿑㧠ߦ␜ߔ㧚

╙ 㧝 ߪ 㧘 Ⓧ ᭂ ᕈ ߦ ኻ ߔ ࠆ ᕈ ೎ ߩ ਥ ലᨐ

(F (1,98)= 77.0, p =.000)ߣᕈ೎˜ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃ߩ੤

੕૞↪ലᨐ(F (1,98)= 36.3, p =.000)ߢ޽ࠆ㧚࿑

㧠ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ਇᐔ╬᧦ઙߢࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭

ᮭࠍᜬߟ↵ᕈߪⓍᭂᕈࠍ㗼⪺ߦ਄ߍߡ߅ࠅ㧘Ⓧ

ᭂᕈߦ߅ߌࠆᄢ߈ߥ↵ᅚ㑆ᩰᏅ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚╙㧞 ὐߪ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߩਥലᨐ߇㗼⪺ߢ޽ߞߚߎ ߣߢ޽ࠆ(F (1,98)= 126.4, p

=.000)㧚࿑㧠ߦ⷗

ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ߇㜞޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߪ

Ⓧᭂᕈ߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦૐ޿㧚ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀߦࠃࠆߎ ߩᏅߪ㧘ᐔ╬᧦ઙߢᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ(ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃˜ᦸ߹

ߒߐ㓏ጀ ߩ੤੕૞↪ല ᨐߪ

F (1,98)= 6.8, p =.011)㧚

એ਄ߩ௑ะߦኻߔࠆ⺑᣿ߦߪ޿ࠈࠎߥ⸃㉼ߩ น⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚㧝ߟߩน⢻ᕈߪ㧘Ⓧᭂᕈ ߩૐߐ㧔ᶖᭂᕈ㧕߇㊁ᔃߩ޽ࠆ⇣ᕈ߆ࠄޟ៦ขޠ ߐࠇࠆߎߣ߳ߩ㒐ⴡߣߥࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ㧚ਇᐔ╬

᧦ઙਅߩᅚᕈߪࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭࠍ৻ᣇ⊛ߦᜬߟ↵

ᕈߩ㙄㘩ߦߥࠅ߿ߔ޿㧚⒟ᐲߩᏅߎߘ޽ࠇ㧘ᦸ

߹ߒߐߩ㜞޿ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦߪห᭽ߩ㒐ⴡߦࠃ ߞߡ⥄Ꮖࠍ଻⼔ߔࠆ૛࿾߇޽ࠆน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆ㧚

㊒ว޿㊀ⷞ௑ะ

ᦨ⚳਎ઍߢ㊒ว޿ᚢ⇛ࠍㆬᛯ

࿑㧠㧦Ⓧᭂߐଥᢙߩᐔဋ୯

࿑㧟㧦ǩߩᐔဋ୯㧔ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ˜ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃㧕

(9)

㧙㧙 ߒ ߚ ࠛ ࡯ ࠫ ࠚ ࡦ ࠻ ߩ Ყ ₸ ߩ ో ૕ ߩ ᐔ ဋ ୯ ߪ.353(ᮡḰ⺋Ꮕߪ.008)ߛߞߚ㧚ో૕ߩ1/3⒟ᐲ ߇㊒ว޿ᚢ⇛ࠍណ↪ߒߚߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚⛔⸘⊛ߦ

᦭ᗧߛߞߚߩߪ㧘ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐ(F

(1,98)=

14.8, p =.000)

ߣ ᦸ ߹ ߒ ߐ 㓏 ጀ ߩ ਥ ല ᨐ

(F (1,98)=997.2, p =.000)ߛߌߛߞߚ㧚

᧦ઙ೎ߩ

ᐔဋ୯ࠍ࿑㧡ߦ␜ߔ㧚࿑㧡ߦ⷗ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᦸ߹

ߒߐ㓏ጀߦࠃࠆᏅ߇㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘ᦸ߹

ߒߐ߇ᦨ㜞ߩጀߪᄢඨ߇㊒ว޿ᚢ⇛ࠍᜬߟ߇㧘 ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇ૐਅߔࠆ߶ߤ㊒ว޿ᚢ⇛ࠍᜬߟᲧ₸

ߪ࠯ࡠߦㄭߠߊ㧚㊒ว޿ᚢ⇛ߪᦸ߹ߒ޿ጀߦߣ ߞߡߪ៦ขࠍ࿁ㆱߔࠆᚻᲑߦߥࠆ߇㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ ߩૐ޿ጀߦߣߞߡߪᐘㆇࠍᚻ᡼ߔߛߌߩ⚿ᨐࠍ

߽ߚࠄߔߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚

㧟㧞 ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㊒ว޿߳ߩᓇ㗀

න⚐ផ⺰ဳߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍታᣉߒߚ㜞 ᧁ(2010)ߩಽᨆߩਥⷐߥ࠹࡯ࡑߪ㧘ᕜੱห჻ߢ

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐ㧔ኈ⽩㧕߇⋧㑐ߔࠆߎߣ㧘ߟ߹

ࠅ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㊒ว޿ߛߞߚ㧚␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹

ߒߐ߇㑐ଥߔࠆࡍࠕ㑆ߢ㊒ว߁ߎߣߪ⏕┙ߐࠇ ߚ⍮⷗ߢ޽ࠆ㧚Kalik & Hamilton (1986)߅ࠃ

߮㜞ᧁ(1992, 2010)ߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ߇␜ߔ ߩߪ㧘ߎߩ㊒ว޿௑ะߪ୘ੱߩᔃℂ௑ะߦၮ⋚

߇ߥ޿ߣߒߡ߽㧘᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓᓧࠆ ߎߣߛߞߚ㧚

ߒ߆ߒ㧘਄⸥ߩ㧟㧝ߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻ߩ௑ะߪ㧘ߎߩ㊒ว޿ࠍᒝൻߔࠆᣇะߦ૞↪

ߔࠆߎߣߦ⌕⋡ߔߴ߈ߛࠈ߁㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘㧟㧚 㧝ߢㅴൻߩ⚿ᨐ↢ߓߚǩߩჇᄢ㧘߅ࠃ߮㊒ว޿

㊀ⷞᚢ⇛ߩㆬᛯߪ㧘޿ߕࠇ߽ᕜᗲ㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆࡍ ࠕ㑆ߩᦸ߹ߒߐߩ⋧㑐ࠍ㜞߼ࠆߎߣ߇੍ᦼߐࠇ ࠆ㧚

ߎߩࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘 ฦ⹜ⴕߩ╙

㧝਎ઍߢߩᇕ⚂㑐ଥߦ޽ࠆࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢߩ ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙߣ㧘ᦨ⚳਎ઍߢߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙ ࠍ▚಴ߒ㧘ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃ࠍⵍ㛎⠪㑆ⷐ࿃㧘਎ઍ㧔╙

㧝vsᦨ⚳㧕ࠍⵍ㛎⠪ౝⷐ࿃ߣߒߡ㧘ಽᢔಽᨆࠍ ㆡ↪ߒߚ㧚ಽᢔಽᨆߢߪ㧘⋧㑐ଥᢙߦFisherߩ

Zᄌ឵ࠍᣉߒߚ㧚⚿ᨐߪ㧘ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐ (F (1,98)=531.6, p =.000)㧘

਎ઍⷐ࿃ߩਥലᨐ

(F (1,98)=679.1, p =.000)㧘ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃˜਎ઍⷐ࿃

ߩ੤੕૞↪ലᨐ(F (1,98)= 42.8, p =.000)߇૗ࠇ

߽᦭ᗧߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ㧚

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߦ㑐ߔࠆᇕ⚂ࡍࠕ㑆ߩ⋧㑐 ଥᢙߩᐔဋ୯ࠍ࿑㧢ߦ␜ߔ(࿑㧢ߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙߩ ୯ߪZᄌ឵ߒߡ޿ߥ޿୯ߢ޽ࠆ)㧚ᐔ╬᧦ઙߢਇ ᐔ╬᧦ઙࠃࠅ⋧㑐߇㜞޿ߩߪ㜞ᧁ(2010)ߩ⚿ᨐ ߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ㧚╙㧝਎ઍߦᲧߴ㧘ᚢ⇛ㅴൻߒߚ ᦨ⚳਎ઍߢߪߎߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙ߇㗼⪺ߦჇᄢߒߡ޿

ࠆ㧚╙㧝਎ઍߩᢙ୯ߪᚢ⇛ࠍੂᢙߢ᳿߼ߚ⚿ᨐ ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㜞ᧁ(2010)ߩኻᔕߔࠆ᧦ઙߢߩ⋧㑐ଥ ᢙߪߎߩᢙ୯ࠃࠅ⧯ᐓ㜞޿㧚ߒ߆ߒᚢ⇛ㅴൻᓟ

࿑㧢㧦ᇕ⚂㑐ଥࡍࠕ㑆ߩ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ⋧㑐

࿑㧡㧦㊒ว޿㊀ⷞㆬᛯᲧ₸ߩᐔဋ୯

㧔ᦸ߹ߒߐ㓏ጀ˜ᐔ╬ⷐ࿃㧕

(10)

㧙㧙 ߩ⋧㑐ଥᢙߩᣇ߇㜞޿ߩߪ᣿ࠄ߆ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

㧠 ⠨ኤ

㧠㧝 ᚢ⇛ߩㅴൻߦ㑐ߔࠆ߹ߣ߼

਄⸥ߩ㧟ߢᓧࠄࠇߚਥⷐߥ⚿ᨐߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦ ⷐ⚂ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

1)

␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ⋧ᚻߦ᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߪ㧘ᦸ

߹ߒߐ߇㜞޿⠪߶ߤᒝ޿㧚ᦸ߹ߒߐߦࠃࠆ ߎߩ⋧㆑ߪ㧘ਔᕈ߇⥄↱ߦࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ߢ߈ ࠆ႐วߦ㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

2)

␠ળ⊛ߦᦸ߹ߒ޿⠪ߪᕜᗲߦ߅ߌࠆⓍᭂ

ᕈ㧔ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭߿ฃ⻌ߩߒ߿ߔߐ㧕߇ૐߊ ߥࠆ㧚߹ߚࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭߦਇᐔ╬߇޽ࠆߣ ߈㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭߩߥ޿஥ߪⓍᭂᕈ߇ૐਅ ߔࠆ㧚

3)

⋧ᚻߣߩ㊒ว޿ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߪ␠ળ⊛ᦸ

߹ߒߐߩ㜞޿⠪߶ߤᒝ޿㧚㊒ว޿ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ

௑ะߪ߹ߚ㧘ࡊࡠࡐ࡯࠭ᮭ߇ਔᕈߦ޽ࠆ႐ วߦ㜞ߊߥࠆ㧚

એ਄ߩ㧟ὐ߇㧘ᧄⓂߢ᭴▽ߒࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪ

ࡦࠍታᣉߒߚㅴൻࡕ࠺࡞ߩ੍᷹ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 એ਄ߩ1)㨪3)ߩ⚿ᨐߦኻߒߡߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ

๧߇޽ࠆߣ╩⠪ߪ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ᧄⓂߩಽᨆߢ↪޿ߚࡕ࠺࡞ߪ㧘޿ࠊ߫ޟᕜᗲ

Ꮢ႐ޠߢ޽ࠆ㧚หᕈ㑆ߢ࡜ࠗࡃ࡞㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆߎ

ߣࠍ೨ឭߦ⇣ᕈ㑆ߢ㚟ߌᒁ߈߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ㧚

ߎߩ⁁ᴫ․ᕈ߇᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆ㧚ᧄⓂߢⷰኤߒߚᚢ⇛ㅴൻߪ㧘ߎߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ

࿃ߦኻߔࠆㆡᔕߣߒߡ↢ߓߡ޿ࠆߣ⷗ࠆߎߣ߇ ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

ᧄⓂߢ⏕⹺ߐࠇߚޟ␠ળ⊛ᦸ߹ߒߐࠍ⋧ᚻߦ

᳞߼ࠆ௑ะߪ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇㜞޿⠪߶ߤᒝ޿ޠ

[1)]

ߣ޿߁௑ะߪ㧘ᕜᗲᏒ႐ߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߩਛߢ㧘

⥄ಽߩᓧᗧಽ㊁ߦ․ൻߒߡㆡᔕߔࠆ෻ᔕߣ޿߃ ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㜞޿⠪߇ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㜞޿

⇣ᕈࠍᓧࠆน⢻ᕈߪ㜞޿ߚ߼㧘⋧ᚻߩᦸ߹ߒߐ

ࠍ⋡ᜰߔᔒะࠍ߽ߟߎߣߢᚑഞᐲࠍ㜞߼߿ߔ޿

߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ㧚ㅒߦᦸ߹ߒߐ߇ૐ޿⠪ߪ㧘⧰ᚻߥ ᣇ㕙ߪ᡼᫈ߒߡ㧘⋧ᕈ㧔ᘒᐲߩ㘃ૃᕈ㧕ࠍ᳞߼

ߡࡊ࡟ࠗߔࠆߎߣ߇ㆡᔕ⊛ߣߥࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ห᭽ߦ㧘ᦸ߹ߒߐ߇㜞޿⠪߇ᶖᭂ⊛ߥ௑ะࠍ

␜ߔߎߣ߿[2)]㧘㊒ว޿ㆬᛯࠍ␜ߔߎߣߪ[3)]㧘 ߎߩ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߩਛߢෂ㒾ࠍ࿁ㆱߔࠆߣ޿߁ᗧ

๧ߢ㧘 ㆡᔕ⊛ߥ෻ᔕߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߛࠈ߁㧚

㧠㧞 ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㊒ว޿߳ߩ฽ᗧ

ᧄⓂߩಽᨆߢ೽ᰴ⊛ߦ␜ߐࠇߚߩߪ㧘ᚢ⇛ㅴ ൻߩ⚿ᨐ㧘ࠞ࠶ࡊ࡞㑆ߩᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㊒ว޿߇㜞

߹ࠆߎߣߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐߪ㧘⁁ᴫߩ᭴ㅧ⊛

ⷐ࿃߳ߩㆡᔕߣߒߡ㧘ᚢ⇛߇㊒ว޿ࠍᒝൻߔࠆ ᣇะߦᄌൻߒߡⴕߊߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧚ᦸ߹ߒߐߩ㊒

ว޿ߪ㧘Kalick & Hamilton (1986)એ᧪ߩಽᨆ ߇␜ߒߡ߈ߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߛߌߢ߽↢ߺ

಴ߐࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘หߓ᭴ㅧ⊛ⷐ࿃ߪ୘ੱ࡟ࡧ ࠚ࡞ߩᚢ⇛ߦ߽૞↪ߒ㧘୘ੱ࡟ࡧࠚ࡞ߢ߽㊒ว

޿ߦዉߊᔒะࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔน⢻ᕈ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߇␜

ߐࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆ㧚

㧠㧟 ੹ᓟߩ⺖㗴

ᧄⓂߪ㊀ⷐߥ⺖㗴ࠍᄙߊᱷߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ࡧࠔ࡝

ࠛ࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ޽ࠆ੍᷹ࠍ↢ߺ಴ߔߚ߼ߩࡕ࠺࡞

ߩᡷ✬߿㧘ࡕ࠺࡞߆ࠄߩ੍᷹ࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ

⚻㛎⊛࠺࡯࠲ߩ૕♽⊛෼㓸߇ᰴߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߦߥ ࠆߎߣߪ޿߁߹ߢ߽ߥ޿㧚

ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᧄⓂߩ૞ᬺࠍߔࠆ਄ߢᄢ߈ߥ⺖㗴ߣ ᗵߓࠆߩߪޟㅴൻ⊛⸘▚ޠߩᣇᴺߩᬌ⸛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ᣢㅀߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᧄⓂߩಽᨆߦㅢᏱߩGAࠍㆡ↪

ߔࠆߣ㧘቟ቯߒߚ⚿ᨐߪᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ߞߚ㧚૕♽

⊛ߥᬌ⸛ߪᧂታᣉߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߦ߽ห᭽

ߩ⚿ᨐ߇↢ߓߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ශ⽎߇޽ࠆ㧚

ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߩᦨㆡߥᚢ⇛ࠍផቯߔࠆ਄ߢ㧘

GAߪᦨ߽ㆡߒߚ⸘▚⊛ᣇᴺߩࠃ߁ߦᕁ߃ࠆ㧚

ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᧄⓂߩࠃ߁ߦⶄᢙߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇⋧

(11)

㧙㧙

੕૞↪ߔࠆ႐㕙ߢߪ㧘GAߩㆡ↪ߦߪ໧㗴߇޽

ࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿㧚

ේೣߣߒߡGAߪหߓ⺖㗴ߦ⋥㕙ߔࠆⶄᢙࠛ

࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻߇ޟⷫޠߣߥࠆ⸳ቯߢ↪޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ

޽ࠆ㧚ߘߩࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻㑆ߢߪ⋧੕૞↪ߪ㧘ㅢ Ᏹߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ߘߩᗧ๧ߢ㧘ᧄⓂߩ⺖㗴ߢ

GAࠍ૶߁ߎߣߪ㧘ㅢᏱߩGAߩㆡ↪႐㕙ߣߪ⇣

ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚

⋧੕૞↪ߔࠆࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦGAࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆ ߎߣߩ໧㗴ὐߣߒߡᕁ޿ߟߊߩߪ㧘ࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ

࠻㓸࿅߇ᷙวᚢ⇛ߢဋⴧߔࠆ႐วߢ޽ࠆ㧚ᷙว ᚢ⇛߇ဋⴧ⁁ᘒߣߥࠆ႐วߣߪ㧘ⶄᢙߩᚢ⇛߇ 㓸࿅ౝߢ߶߷หߓ೑ᓧ㧔ㆡᔕᐲ㧕ࠍ₪ᓧߔࠆ႐ วߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⁁ᴫߢߪ㧘ߘߩⶄᢙߩᚢ⇛߇ㆡ ᔕᐲߩ㜞޿ᚢ⇛ߣߒߡหߓ⏕₸ߢޟⷫޠߦㆬᛯ ߐࠇ㧘੤Ꮕᚻ⛯߈ߩਛߢߘࠇࠄߩᚢ⇛߇ಽ⸃ߐ ࠇߡㆮવߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ㧚ߘߩࠃ߁ߥㆊ⒟߇⹥

ᒰߔࠆߥࠄ㧘GAߩᚻ⛯߈ߦࠃߞߡᦨㆡߥᚢ⇛

ߩㅴൻ߇㒖ኂߐࠇࠆ߆߽⍮ࠇߥ޿㧚

ߎ߁ߒߚน⢻ᕈߪ߹ߛචಽߥᬌ⸛ࠍ⚻ߡ޿ߥ

޿㧚૗ࠇߦߖࠃ㧘⋧੕૞↪ߔࠆࠛ࡯ࠫࠚࡦ࠻ߦ ㆡ↪ߔߴ߈㧘න⚐ߥㅴൻ⊛⸘▚ᣇᴺࠍ᣿⏕ߦߔ ߴ߈ߥߩߛࠈ߁㧚

ᒁ↪ᢥ₂

Byrne, D., & Nelson, D. (1965). Attraction as a linear function of proportion of positive reinforcements.

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 659-663.

Kalick, S.M., & Hamilton III, T.E. (1986). The matching hypothesis reexamined. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 673-682.

ᅏ↰⑲ቝ

(1997)

ޡੱߦ߭߆ࠇࠆᔃޢޔࠨࠗࠛࡦࠬ␠㧚

㜞ᧁ⧷⥋

(1992)

ᕜᗲᏒ႐ߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯࠲࡮ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯

࡚ࠪࡦ

.

ޡၯ₹ᄢቇ♿ⷐޢ

, 28

, 55-74.

㜞ᧁ⧷⥋

(1993)

ᗲߪᏒ႐ߛ㧦ᕜᗲ㑐ଥߩࠦࡦࡇࡘ࡯

࠲࡮ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦ

.

ޡᣣᧄࠣ࡞࡯ࡊ࡮࠳ࠗ࠽ࡒ࠶

ࠢࠬቇળ╙

41

࿁ᄢળ⊒⴫⺰ᢥ㓸ޢ

, 22-25.

㜞ᧁ⧷⥋

(2004)

ޟ␠ળ⃻⽎ߩ⸘▚ᯏࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦޠ

┻᧛๺ਭ㧔✬㧕ޡ␠ળᔃℂቇߩᣂߒ޿߆ߚߜޢ

,

⺈ାᦠ ᚱ

, Pp.195-219(

╙㧥┨

).

㜞ᧁ⧷⥋

(2010)

ޟ〒㔌ⓨ㑆ࠍዉ౉ߒߚᕜᗲ㑐ଥᒻᚑߩ⸘

▚ࡕ࠺࡞ޠ

,

ޡၯ₹ᄢቇ♿ⷐޢ

, 46

, 2

, 133-141.

参照

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