JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 国際連合による地理区分でみる地域ごとの研究活動の 特徴 Author(s) 村上, 昭義; 伊神, 正貫 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 772-775 Issue Date 2019-10-26Type Conference Paper Text version publisher
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16538
Rights
本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.
㸰㹅㸮㸱
ᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡼࡿᆅ⌮༊ศ࡛ࡳࡿᆅᇦࡈࡢ◊✲άືࡢ≉ᚩ
ۑᮧୖ⩏㸪ఀ⚄ṇ㈏㸦ᩥ⛉┬࣭㹌㹇㹑㹒㹃㹎㸧 DPXUDNDPL#QLVWHSJRMS ࡣࡌࡵ ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛾ศᯒ䛛䜙◊✲άື䛾ᅜ㝿䛜㐍ᒎ䛧䛶䛔䜛≧ἣ䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹ᨻᗓ䛾䛂⤫ྜ䜲䝜䝧 䞊䝅䝵䞁ᡓ␎䛃䛻䛿䚸䛂㻞㻜㻞㻟 ᖺᗘ䜎䛷䛻 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛻䛚䛡䜛᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ䛾ቑຍ⋡䜢Ḣ⡿ ⛬ᗘ䛻䛩䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖┠ᶆ್䛜ᥖ䛢䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䛭䜒䛭䜒Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ䛜ᣑ䛧䛶䛔䜛⫼ᬒせᅉ䜎䛷ศ ᯒ䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹ᮏሗ࿌䛷䛿䚸㻞㻜㻝㻥 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶䛻බ⾲䛧䛯⛉Ꮫ◊✲䛾䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾 㻞㻜㻝㻥㼇㻝㼉䛻ᥖ㍕䛧䛯䝕 䞊䝍䜢୰ᚰ䛻䚸ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ䛻䜘䜛ᆅ⌮༊ศ䠄㻡 ༊ศ䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸ᆅᇦ䛤䛸䛾◊✲άື䛾≉ᚩ䜢ศᯒ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸ᆅ ⌮ⓗഃ㠃䛛䜙䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䛾≧ἣᢕᥱ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹㻌 ㄽᩥศᯒ࡛ࡳࡿᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲ࡢ≧ἣ せᅜࡢᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡ࡢ᥎⛣ 䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䛻㘓䛥䜜䜛ୡ⏺䛾ㄽᩥ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ䛿ቑຍ䛧䚸䛭䛾ᙧែ䜒༢ᅜ䛛䜙」ᩘᅜ䜈 䛸◊✲άື䝇䝍䜲䝹䛾ኚ䛜㉳䛝䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ⾲㻌 㻝䠅䚹せᅜ䛿ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䜢ቑຍ䛥䛫䛶䛚䜚䚸ⱥᅜ䚸䝗䜲䝒䚸䝣䝷 䞁䝇䛷䛿䚸㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䛷䛿ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䛜⣙ 㻢䡚㻣 䛸㧗䛔䚹᪥ᮏ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䠄㻟㻞㻚㻥䠂䠅䛿䚸୰ᅜ䚸㡑ᅜ䛻ẚ 䜉䛶㧗䛟䚸㐣ཤ 㻝㻜 ᖺ㛫䛾ቑຍ䜒䛝䛔䠄㻗㻥㻚㻠 䝫䜲䞁䝖䠅䚹䛺䛚䚸୰ᅜ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䛿᪥ᮏ䜘䜚ప䛔䛜䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ ㄽᩥᩘ䛷䛿䚸᪥ᮏ䜢ୖᅇ䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸ୡ⏺➨ 㻞 䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 ᅗ⾲㻌 㻝㻌 㻌 せᅜ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䠄㻞 ᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ䚸ከᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ䠅䛸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ㻌ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ
㻞ᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ ከᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ 㻞ᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ ከᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ ⱥᅜ 㻠㻢㻚㻣㻑 㻟㻝㻚㻝㻑 㻝㻡㻚㻢㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻥㻚㻠䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻢㻢㻚㻝㻑 㻔㻗㻠㻚㻟䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻟㻡㻚㻠㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻡㻚㻝㻟㻜㻚㻣㻑䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻢㻥㻘㻣㻜㻝 䝗䜲䝒 㻠㻣㻚㻜㻑 㻟㻝㻚㻟㻑 㻝㻡㻚㻣㻑 㻡㻥㻚㻞㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻞㻚㻞䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻟㻝㻚㻣㻑 㻔㻗㻜㻚㻟䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻞㻣㻚㻢㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻝㻚㻤䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻢㻝㻘㻟㻥㻟 䝣䝷䞁䝇 㻠㻤㻚㻟㻑 㻟㻝㻚㻥㻑 㻝㻢㻚㻠㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻠㻚㻝䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻢㻞㻚㻠㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻚㻣䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻟㻟㻚㻢㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻞㻚㻠㻞㻤㻚㻤㻑䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻠㻡㻘㻠㻢㻟 ⡿ᅜ 㻞㻤㻚㻥㻑 㻞㻞㻚㻟㻑 㻢㻚㻣㻑 㻠㻟㻚㻜㻑 㻔㻗㻝㻠㻚㻝䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻞㻥㻚㻡㻑 㻔㻗㻣㻚㻞䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻝㻟㻚㻢㻑 㻔㻗㻢㻚㻥䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻝㻡㻢㻘㻡㻢㻠 ᪥ᮏ 㻞㻟㻚㻡㻑 㻝㻤㻚㻜㻑 㻡㻚㻡㻑 㻔㻗㻥㻚㻠䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻟㻞㻚㻥㻑 㻔㻗㻟㻚㻝䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻞㻝㻚㻜㻑 㻔㻗㻢㻚㻟䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻝㻝㻚㻤㻑 㻞㻡㻘㻤㻤㻢 ୰ᅜ 㻞㻝㻚㻢㻑 㻝㻤㻚㻝㻑 㻟㻚㻡㻑 㻔㻗㻠㻚㻞䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻞㻡㻚㻤㻑 㻔㻗㻞㻚㻞䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻞㻜㻚㻟㻑 㻔㻗㻞㻚㻜䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕㻡㻚㻡㻑 㻤㻜㻘㻡㻠㻢 㡑ᅜ 㻞㻢㻚㻠㻑 㻞㻝㻚㻡㻑 㻠㻚㻥㻑 㻟㻜㻚㻝㻑 㻔㻗㻟㻚㻣䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻞㻜㻚㻥㻑 㻔㻙㻜㻚㻢䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻥㻚㻞㻑 㻔㻗㻠㻚㻞䝫䜲䞁䝖㻕 㻝㻣㻘㻝㻣㻢ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡
㻞㻜㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻣ᖺ 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ㻔ᣓᘼෆ䛿䚸㻞㻜㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻣ᖺ䛛䜙䛾ቑῶ㻕 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ 㻔ᖹᆒ್㻕 㻌 䠄ὀ 㻝䠅㻌㻭㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻘㻌㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣 䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ᩚᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜚ศᯒ䚹ከᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛿䚸㻟 䛛ᅜ௨ୖ䛾◊✲ᶵ㛵䛜ඹྠ䛧䛯ㄽᩥ䜢ᣦ䛩䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹㻌 㻌 せᅜࡢ 7RS㸣⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘࡢඹⴭᙧែࡢኚ せᅜ䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛾ඹⴭᙧែ䛾⣔ิኚ䜢ᩚᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛷♧䛩䠄ᅗ⾲㻌 㻞䠅䚹᪥ᮏ䛾ᩚᩘ䜹䜴 䞁䝖ἲ䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛾ఙ䜃⋡䛿䚸㻞㻜㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻣 ᖺ䛛䜙 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䛾㛫䛿㻗㻝㻞䠂䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾ᵓ㐀 䜢ඹⴭᙧែู䛻ぢ䛶䜏䜛䛸䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ䛜ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛾䚸ᅜෆㄽᩥᩘ䛜 㻞㻜㻜㻜 ᖺ௦๓༙䛛䜙ῶᑡ䛧 䛶䛔䜛䚹ⱥᅜ䚸䝗䜲䝒䚸䝣䝷䞁䝇䛷䛿ᅜෆㄽᩥᩘ䛿 㻞㻜㻜㻜 ᖺ௦๓༙䛛䜙ྠ⛬ᗘ䛾ᩘ䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ䛜 ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌2G03.pdf :2 ᅗ⾲㻌 㻞㻌 㻌 せᅜ䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛻䛚䛡䜛ඹⴭᙧែ䛾⣔ิኚ䠄ᩚᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䠅㻌 4,394 4,265 3,454 3,765 2,397 2,180 3,738 2,639 2,269 2,623 5,434 2,520 4,311 1,762 2,730 1,314 1,729 1,325 1,502 8,488 1,480 7,232 1,137 5,142 495 2,245 1,294 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 18,000 20,000 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ ⱥᅜ 䝗䜲䝒 䝣䝷䞁䝇 ᪥ᮏ 㡑ᅜ ᅜෆㄽᩥ ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛾䛖䛱 2ᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛾䛖䛱 ከᅜ㛫ඹⴭㄽᩥ 25,708 25,300 21,537 7,744 16,531 10,066 2,550 12,583 4,369 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ 2000-2002 ᖺ 2005-2007 ᖺ 2010-2012 ᖺ 2015-2017 ᖺ ⡿ᅜ ୰ᅜ 㻌 䠄ὀ 㻝䠅㻌㻭㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻘㻌㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣 䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ᩚᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜚ศᯒ䚹㻟 ᖺᖹᆒ್䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻞䠅㻌ㄽᩥ䛾⿕ᘬ⏝ᩘ䠄㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䛾್䠅䛜ྛᖺྛศ㔝䠄㻞㻞 ศ㔝䠅䛾ୖ 㻝㻜䠂䛻ධ䜛ㄽᩥᩘ䛜 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂ㄽᩥᩘ䛷䛒䜛䚹㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛸䛿䚸 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂ㄽᩥᩘ䛾ᢳฟᚋ䚸ᐇᩘ䛷ㄽᩥᩘ䛾 㻝㻛㻝㻜 䛸䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻⿵ṇ䜢ຍ䛘䛯ㄽᩥᩘ䜢ᣦ䛩䚹௨㝆䛾ᅗ⾲䛷䜒ྠᵝ䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹㻌 ᪥ᮏࢻࢶࡢ 7RS㸣⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘࡢඹⴭᙧែูࡢ᥎⛣ ᅗ⾲㻌 㻟 䛻䚸᪥ᮏ䛸䝗䜲䝒䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛻䛚䛡䜛ඹⴭᙧែ䛾⣔ิኚ䜢ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛷♧䛩䚹ᅜ 㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛻䛚䛔䛶⮬ᅜ䛾㈉⊩ᗘศ䛾䜏䜢䜹䜴䞁䝖䛩䜛ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛷䛿䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛾㔜䜏䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛺 䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛿䚸ᅜෆㄽᩥᩘ䛾ῶᑡ䛜య䛾ㄽᩥᩘ䛻ᙳ㡪䜢䛘䜛≧ἣ䛻䛒䜛䚹䝗䜲䝒䛿䚸ᅜෆㄽᩥᩘ䛜⥔ᣢ䛥䜜 䜛୰䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭㄽᩥ䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸య䛸䛧䛶䜒ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾䝗䜲䝒䛾䛛䜙ศ䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䚸ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁 䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜛ㄽᩥᩘ䛾⥔ᣢ䞉ቑຍ䛻䛿䚸ᅜෆㄽᩥᩘ䜢⥔ᣢ䛧䛺䛜䜙䚸ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽䜢ᣑ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ 䛷䛒䜛䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹㻌 ᅗ⾲㻌 㻟㻌 㻌 ᪥ᮏ䛸䝗䜲䝒䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛻䛚䛡䜛ඹⴭᙧែ䛾⣔ิኚ䠄ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䠅㻌 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16
䠄
A䠅᪥ᮏ
ᅜෆㄽᩥ䠄1䛛ᅜ䠅 2䛛ᅜඹⴭ 3䛛ᅜඹⴭ 4䛛ᅜ௨ୖඹⴭ 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16䠄
B䠅䝗䜲䝒
ᅜෆㄽᩥ䠄1䛛ᅜ䠅 2䛛ᅜඹⴭ 3䛛ᅜඹⴭ 4䛛ᅜ௨ୖඹⴭ 䠄ὀ䠅㻌 㻭㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻘㻌㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣 䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜚ศᯒ䚹㻟 ᖺᖹᆒ್䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹㻌 ᅜ㝿㐃ྜࡢᆅ⌮༊ศ࡛ࡳࡿ◊✲άືࡢ≧ἣ ୡ⏺యࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡢㄽᩥᩘࡢᵓᡂ ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ䛻䜘䜛ᆅ⌮༊ศ䠄㻡 ༊ศ䠅䛷Ⰽศ䛡䜢⾜䛳䛯䚸ୡ⏺య䛾ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛾ㄽᩥᩘ䛾≧ἣ䜢ᅗ⾲㻌 㻠 䛻♧䛩䚹 䜸䝺䞁䝆䛜䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ䚸⥳䛜䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䚸㉥䛜䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䚸⣸䛜䜸䝉䜰䝙䜰ᆅᇦ䚸Ⲕ䛜䜰䝣䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䜢♧䛩䚹 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䛷䛿䚸୰ᅜ䛾ㄽᩥᩘ䛾ᣑ➼䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛜䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ䛸䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛻௦䜟䜚䚸ㄽ ᩥ䛷䜏䜛▱㆑ฟάື䛻䛚䛡䜛ୡ⏺᭱䛾ᆅᇦ䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛾ㄽᩥᩘ䛜ୡ⏺᭱ᆅᇦ䛸䛺䛳䛯 䛾䛿䚸㻞㻜㻝㻞㻙㻞㻜㻝㻠 ᖺ䛷䛒䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛿䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛷䛿 㻞 ␒┠䛾⨨䜢༨䜑䜛䚹㻌ᅗ⾲㻌 㻠㻌 㻌 ୡ⏺య䛾ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛾ㄽᩥᩘ䛾ᵓᡂ㻌 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟 ᆅᇦ 341,607 䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ 296,749 䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ 249,514 䠄㻭䠅㻞㻜㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻣ᖺ䛾≧ἣ 䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ 378,009 䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ 567,725 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟 ᆅᇦ 449,831 䠄㻮䠅㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣ᖺ䛾≧ἣ 䠄ὀ 㻝䠅㻌㻭㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻘㻌㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣 䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ศᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜚ศᯒ䚹ᩘᏐ䛿䚸ㄽᩥᩘ䛾 㻟 ᖺᖹᆒ್䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻞䠅㻌ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛿䚸ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ䛻䜘䜛ୡ⏺ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛻䜘䜛䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻟䠅㻌ㄽᩥᩘୖ䛾ᆅ⌮༊ศ䜢䚸ᕥୖ䛛䜙ᕥୗ䚸ྑୖ䚸ྑୗ䛾㡰䛷㓄⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻞 Ⅼ䛷ㄽᩥᩘᙜ䛯䜚䛾㠃✚䛿୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹 ㄽᩥᩘୖ ᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡢඹⴭ㛵ಀ ୡ⏺䛻䛚䛡䜛ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䜢ྍど䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸ⱥᅜ䚸䝗䜲䝒䚸䝣䝷䞁䝇➼䛾䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ㅖᅜ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䛾ᣑ 䜔䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ䛾ᵝᏊ䜢ぢ䜛䠄ᅗ⾲㻌 㻡䠅䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸ྛᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䜢⤖䜆⥺䛜ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䜢⾲䛧䛶䛔 䜛䚹㻞㻜㻜㻡㻙㻞㻜㻜㻣 ᖺ䛛䜙 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䜢ẚ䜉䜛䛸䚸ᕥഃ䛾䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ㅖᅜ䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䠄⥳⥺䠅䛜䚸ከ䛟䛾ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛻 ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸␗䛺䜛ᆅᇦ㛫䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䠄㟷⥺䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䚸ୡ⏺య䛷άⓎ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䠄⣸⥺䠅䜒ᗈ䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ㅖᅜ䛻ẚ䜉䜛䛸ᑠ䛥䛔䚹㻌 ᅗ⾲㻌 㻡㻌 㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䛻䛚䛔䛶ㄽᩥᩘୖ 㻝㻜㻜 䛛ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䛾 㻞 Ⅼ䛾≧ἣ㻌 ق$كফ峘૾ய ق%كফ峘૾யق%ك ফ峘૾ய 䠄ὀ 㻝䠅㻌 㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻞㻜㻝㻣 ᖺ䛻䛚䛔䛶ㄽᩥᩘ䛜ୖ 㻝㻜㻜 䛛ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䜢♧䛩䚹ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ㛫䛾⥺䛾ኴ䛥䛿ඹⴭㄽᩥᩘ䚸䛾㠃✚䛿ㄽᩥᩘ䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛䚹ඹⴭ ㄽᩥᩘ䛜 㻡㻜㻜 ௳௨ୖ䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㟷⥺䛿␗䛺䜛ᆅᇦ㛫䛾ඹⴭ䚸㉥䚸⣸䚸㯮䚸⥳䚸㯤䛾⥺䛿ྠ䛨ᆅᇦෆ䛾ඹⴭ䜢ព䛩䜛䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹㻌 ᆅ⌮༊ศูࡢඹⴭᙧែࡢྜ᥎⛣ 䜰䝆䜰䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛾 㻟 䛴䛾ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛻䛚䛡䜛䚸ᆅᇦෆ䛾༢ᅜ ㄽᩥ䠄ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䠅䚸ᆅᇦෆ䛾ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦྠኈ䛾䜏䛾ඹⴭㄽᩥ䠄ᇦෆඹⴭ䠅䚸ᆅᇦእ䛾ඹⴭㄽᩥ䠄ᇦእඹⴭ䠅 䛻ศ㢮䛧䛯ඹⴭᙧែ䛾᥎⛣䜢ぢ䜛䠄ᅗ⾲㻌 㻢䠅䚹䛣䛾 㻟 䛴䛾ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛾 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛿䚸㻞㻜㻝㻢 ᖺ䛷⣙ 㻢 ௳䛸ྠ⛬ᗘ䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛤䛸ඹⴭᙧែู䛾ఙ䜃䜔ᵓᡂ䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛ᵝᏊ䛜ศ䛛䜛䚹㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥ ᩘ䛾᥎⛣䛻ὀ┠䛩䜛䛸㻔ᅗ⾲㻌 㻢㻔㻭㻕䠅䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛿䚸ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䚸ᇦෆඹⴭ䚸ᇦእඹⴭ䛾䛔䛪䜜䛾ศ㢮䜒ቑ ຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸୰ᅜ䛾ᙳ㡪䛜䛝䛟䚸ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛷୰ᅜ䛾ㄽᩥ䛿⣙ 㻟 ศ䛾 㻞 䜢༨䜑䚸ᇦእඹⴭ䛷୰ᅜ 䛸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦእ䛾ㄽᩥ䛜⣙༙ᩘ䜢༨䜑䛶䛔䜛䚹䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ䛿䚸ᇦእඹⴭ䚸ᇦෆඹⴭ䛜䛝䛟ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹
2G03.pdf :4 䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛷䛿䚸ᇦእඹⴭ䛜㢧ⴭ䛻ቑຍ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䛿㏆ᖺ䚸ῶᑡഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䚹㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽ ᩥᩘ䛾ඹⴭᙧែู䛾ྜ䛻ὀ┠䛩䜛䛸㻔ᅗ⾲㻌 㻢㻔㻮㻕䠅䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䠄୰ᅜ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢㝖䛟䛯䜑䚸୰ᅜ䜢㝖䛔䛯⤖ᯝ䠅 䛿䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛻ẚ䜉䛶䚸ᇦእඹⴭ䛾ྜ䛜ᑠ䛥䛔䛜䚸㏆ᖺ䚸ᇦෆඹⴭ䛾ྜ䛜ᣑഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䚹 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ䛿ᇦෆඹⴭ䛾ྜ䛜䛝䛟䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛿ᇦእඹⴭ䛾ྜ䛜䛝䛔≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛴䚹㻌 ᅗ⾲㻌 㻢㻌 㻌 㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛾䜰䝆䜰䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ䛾ඹⴭᙧែ䛾᥎⛣㻌 䠄㻭䠅㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛾᥎⛣㻌 22,480 10,112 29,074 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ 28,889 2,216 31,431 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ 0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ ᇦእඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ䠄䛖䛱୰ᅜ䛸ᇦእ䠅 ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦෆඹⴭ䠄䛖䛱୰ᅜ㛵ศ䠅 ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䠄䛖䛱୰ᅜ䠅 䠄㻮䠅㼀㼛㼜㻝㻜䠂⿵ṇㄽᩥᩘ䛾ྜ䛾᥎⛣㻌 36.5% 16.4% 47.1% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦ ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ 46.2% 3.5% 50.3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䜰䝯䝸䜹ᆅᇦ ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ 43.2% 11.1% 45.7% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 19 82 19 84 19 86 19 88 19 90 19 92 19 94 19 96 19 98 20 00 20 02 20 04 20 06 20 08 20 10 20 12 20 14 20 16 䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䠄୰ᅜ䜢㝖䛟䠅 ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ ᇦෆඹⴭ ᇦእඹⴭ 䠄ὀ 㻝䠅㻌㻭㼞㼠㼕㼏㼘㼑㻘㻌㻾㼑㼢㼕㼑㼣 䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ᩚᩘ䜹䜴䞁䝖ἲ䛻䜘䜚ศᯒ䚹㻟 ᖺ⛣ືᖹᆒ್䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻞䠅㻌ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛿䚸ᅜ㝿㐃ྜ䛻䜘䜛ୡ⏺ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛻䜘䜛䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻟䠅㻌ᆅᇦෆ䛾༢ᅜㄽᩥ䠄ᇦෆ༢ᅜ䞉ᆅᇦ䠅䚸ᆅᇦෆ䛾ᅜྠኈ䛾䜏䛾ඹⴭㄽᩥ䠄ᇦෆඹⴭ䠅䚸ᆅᇦእ䛾ඹⴭㄽᩥ䠄ᇦእඹⴭ䠅䛸ศ㢮䛧䛯䚹㻌 䠄ὀ 㻠䠅㻌䠄㻮䠅䛾䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䠄୰ᅜ䜢㝖䛟䠅䛸䛿䚸୰ᅜ䛾༢ᅜㄽᩥ䚸୰ᅜ䛸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦእ䛾ඹⴭㄽᩥ䜢㝖䛔䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹ᇦෆඹⴭ䛻䛿䚸ᆅᇦෆ䛾ඹ ⴭ┦ᡭᅜ䛸䛧䛶୰ᅜ䛜㛵䛧䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䜒ྵ䜑䛯⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹㻌 䜽䝷䝸䝧䜲䝖䞉䜰䝘䝸䝔䜱䜽䝇♫㻌 㼃㼑㼎㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼄㻹㻸㻌㻔㻿㻯㻵㻱㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻤 ᖺᮎ䝞䞊䝆䝵䞁㻕䜢ᇶ䛻䚸⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䛜㞟ィ䚹㻌 ࡲࡵ 䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ㅖᅜ䛾ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ⋡䛾㧗䛥䛿䚸䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦእ䛾ඹⴭ䛻ຍ䛘䛶䚸ᇦෆඹⴭ䛜䛝䛺ྜ䜢༨䜑䛶 䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾⫼ᬒせᅉ䛻䛿䚸Ḣᕞ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䝺䞊䝮䝽䞊䜽䝥䝻䜾䝷䝮䛾䜘䛖䛻䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ᆅᇦෆ䛷䛾ඹ ྠ◊✲䜢ಁ䛩䜘䛖䛺◊✲㈨㔠䛾ᯟ⤌䜏䛜ᙳ㡪䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛㼇㻞㼉䚹᪥ᮏ䜒Ḣ⡿ㅖᅜ୪䜏䛻ᅜ㝿ඹⴭ䛾ᣑ 䜢┠ᣦ䛩䛺䜙䜀䚸ᆅ⌮༊ศ䛤䛸䛾ᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲䛾≧ἣ䜢㋃䜎䛘䚸ᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲䜢䜘䜚୍ᒙ᥎㐍䛩䜛䜘䛖䛺䝣䜯 䞁䝕䜱䞁䜾䛾ᅾ䜚᪉䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛ᚲせ䜒䛒䜛䛰䜝䛖䚹䛭䛾㝿䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦෆ䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䜢ᣑ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜔䜰䝆䜰ᆅ ᇦ䛸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦእ䛸䛾ඹⴭ㛵ಀ䜢ᣑ䛧䛶䛔䛟䛺䛹䚸䜰䝆䜰ᆅᇦ䛸䛧䛶䛾ᅜ㝿ඹྠ◊✲䛾ᅾ䜚᪉䜢⪃䛘䜛䛣䛸䜒 㻝 䛴䛾ほⅬ䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹㻌 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㼇㻝㼉 䛂⛉Ꮫ◊✲䛾䝧䞁䝏䝬䞊䜻䞁䜾 㻞㻜㻝㻥䛃䚸ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ䚸ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ㻙㻞㻤㻠㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻥 ᖺ 㻤 ᭶㻌 㼇㻞㼉 䛂⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁ືྥሗ࿌䡚㻱㼁 ⦅䡚㻔㻞㻜㻝㻡 ᖺᗘ∧㻕䛃ᅜ❧◊✲㛤Ⓨἲே⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡⯆ᶵᵓ◊✲㛤Ⓨ ᡓ␎䝉䞁䝍䞊䚸㻯㻾㻰㻿㻙㻲㼅㻞㻜㻝㻡㻙㻻㻾㻙㻜㻠㻘㻌㻞㻜㻝㻢 ᖺ 㻟 ᭶㻌
