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(2) Vol 13, No. 1 Journal of Hokkaido Gakugei University Dec. 1962. On Earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima^. collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaido Hideji YAMAGUCHI Biological Laboratory, Hakodate Branch, Hokkaido Gakugei University. tHP^-r; 4b'/&7tit@15®-7 ^ $ $ 7;'g,®te!)!?I^-3v^T (with 4 Illustrations,. Owing to a shortage of written informtion about the terricolous oligochaetes found in. Hokkaido, there is lack of knowledge on this subject. This can be remedied by a study of the various species to be found in this territory. The present paper is the result of a study of the species belonging to the genus Pheretima, based on many specimens collected from several localities in Oshima and. Hiyama districts from 1954 to 1960. From the writer's observations the specimens may be classified according to the. following 13 species, of which the 5 (shown by asterisk) are new to the southern part of Hokkaido. T:" Pheretima carnosa (Goto et Hatai) ......................................................... p. l Ph. marenzell.eri Cognetti .................................................................. p. 3 Ph.. oyamai.. Ohfuchi. ............................................................................ p.. 4. Ph. diver gens (Michaelsen) .................................................................. p. 5 * Ph. micronaria (Goto et Hatai) ............................................................ p. g # Ph. hupei.ensis (Michaelsen) ............................................................... p. 9 •:r Ph. acincta (Goto et Hatai) .................................................................. p. 10 Ph. phaseltis Hatai .............................................................................. p. n. Ph. communissima (Goto et Hatai) ...................................................... p. 13 Ph.. ugrestis (Goto et Hatai) ............................................................... p. 13 Ph. hilgendorfi (Michaelsen) .••••.......................................................... p. 14 Ph. mttata (Goto et Hatai) .................................................................. p. 15 w Ph. irregularis (Goto et Hatai) ............................................................ p. 17. In the following pages, will be found the writer's notes on these species. The present writer would like express his cordial thanks to Messrs S. Shirogane of. the Oshima Agricutural Experiment Station, T. Takahashi of the Fukushima Primary School, I. Tuji of the Sengen Middle School and H. Kimura of the Kamioka Middle School, for helping and facilitating in various ways the collection of the material for study. 1. Phretima carnosa (Goto et Hatai) 1899 1899, I'criclitietn carnosd, Golo and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japon. Vol 3, p. 15, fig. 4.. 1 -.
(3) Hideji Yainaguchi 1936, Pheretimu (Ph., carnosa. Kobayashi, Sic. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 11, pp. 115-138, fig. 1-3.. 1937, Ph. carnosa, Ohfuchi, Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull. No. 12, pp. 56-62, fig. 9.. Material : 18 clitellate and 3 aclitellate specimens collected from Shirikishinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 305-5). External characters : Length 230-325 mm, breadth about 7-9 mm. Number of segments 120-137. Prostomium epilobous. Clitellum in XIV-XVI as usual in the genus, without intersegmental furrow and setae in fully developed ones. Color of preserved. material in formalin : dark bluish purple dorsally and light pinkish gray ventrally and chocolate in clitellum. Setae enlarged in the anterior segments from IX forward, those in the ventral side being especially large. Setal number as follows : 32-39/VI, 38-40/VII,. 43-46/VIII, 48-50/IX and 52-60/XIII. . First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs in V/VI, VI/VII, VII/VIII and VIII/IX, located in the ventro-lateral sides separated by a distance slightly larger then 1/3 of the circumference. Each pore minute and found on a sub-circular papilla, so-called spermathecal papilla, showing about 0.5x0.8 mm in diameter. The spermathecal papillae were found just anterior to intersegmental furrows in all specimens. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/12-14,. VII/13-15, VIII/15-17, IX/17-19. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male porophores situated in pair ventrolaterally in XVIII. Each is circular or oval, slightly convex with a few circumferential furrows around it, forming as a whole a slightly elevated part with somewhat rhombic shape. Male aperture visible as a small circular pore in the center of the convex area, separated by a distance slightly larger than 1/3 of the circumference. Vental surface of XVIII is slightly concave and crescentically widened on both sides. Male pore setae were 16-18 in number. Preclitellar genital papillae were not observed except in one case which shows a pair of them on IX, located. in front of the chaetal line and inside of the spermathecal pore line (the fourth type by Kobayashi, 1936). No postclitellar genital papilla was observed in all specimens.. Internal anatomy : Septa V/VI - VII/VIII and X/XI - XIII/XIV much thickened, VIII/IX thin and membraneous, IX/X wanting. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in. X vestigial on one side. Gizzard found between VII/VIII and X/XI. Intestine begines to widen in XVI' Intestinal coeca paired and simple, showing conical form originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXIII ; both the ventral and dorsal margins nearly smooth, or with slight septal constrictions, or the ventral margin only with a few indistinct outgrowth. Lymph glands, club-shaped beginning to appear in XIV/XV,. XV/XVI or XVII/XVIII ; those posterior to the intestinal coeca fairely large. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII, being relatively small, not meeting mid-dorsally ; the posterior pair slightly larger than the anterior. Testis sacs 2 pairs in X and XI, moderetely large ; the anterior pair attached to the anterior face of septum X/XI and projecting into X, connecting with each other by a median broad bridge and forming as a whole a thick V-shaped sac. The posterior pair completely fused, forming a transverse sac.. Pseudovesicles 2 pairs in XIII and XIV, attached to the posterior faces of XII/XIII and. - 2 -.
(4) On Earthwonns belonging to the genus Piieretinui, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaido. XIII/XIV respectively. The posterior rather small in comparison with the anterior. Prostate glands moderate in size, each divided into 3-4 main lobes and usually extending in 3-4 segments from XVII to XX. Spermathecae 4 pairs, the first and the second pairs. being placed in VI and VII respectively, and the remaining twe pairs found in VIII (between VII/VIII and VIII/IX). Ampulla heart- or elongated pear-shaped ; its duct stout and long but shorter than the ampulla in length, and distinctly marked off from the latter in normal specimens. ' Diverticulum, tubular and slightly longer than or about equal to the main portion in length, the distal end of the diverticulum forming a rounded or somewhat elongated swelling. Remarks : The writer's specimens are undoubtedly identical with the present species, because their important characteristics mostly agree with the diagnosis of the species. given by Kobayashi (1936). According to him, the original description given by Goto and Hatai was inaccurate on several points, and Ph. pingi Stephenson and Ph. kyamikia Kobayashi must be placed in the synonymy of the present species and consequently it is. widely distributed in China, Korea and Japan (Kyushu, Shikoku, the central and the northern Japan and Hokkaido). It seems to be a new report on the species from the southern part of Hokkaido. 2. Pheretima marenzelleri Cognetti 1906 1938, Pit. marenzelleri, Kobayashi, Ann, Zool. Japan. Vol. 17,pp. 407-408, pl. 22-fig. 1.. Material '• One clitellate specimen, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 304-1 ) ; 9 clitellate, Kameda in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 322-1, -2, and -3-a). External characters '. Length 180-234 mm, breadth 6 mm, number of segments 123-131. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preser^red material in formalin : dark bluish purple dorsally, pale yellowish gray ventrally and light chocolate in c'litellum. Setae enlarged in the anterior segmets from II to IX, like the previous species. Setal number. as follows : 32-35/VI, 36-38, VII, 37-39, VIII 35-39/IX and 40-45/XIII. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs in V/VI, VI/VII, VII/VUI and VIII/IX, being located about 1/3 of the circumference apart. The pore minute, found on an evident spermathecal papilla just in front of an intersegmental furrow, like that found in Ph. carnosa and others. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/11-12, VII/12, VIII/12-13, IX/12-14. Female pore single, midventraily on XIV. Male pores found in all specimens, they are situated ventro-laterelly in the chaetal line of XVIII, being about 1/3 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute, found in the center of a circular, slightly darkened porophore which is provided with a few circumferential furrows around it, forming as a whole a somewhat, rhombic, slightly elevated patch, its prsterior border being extended to the intersegmental furrovy XVIII/XIX. Male pore setae 8-9 in number. No genital papilla was observed in all specimens. Intenml anatomy : Septum VIII/IX completely present, but thin and delicate, and push-. ed backwards into the posterior side of the gizzard, IX/X wanting, X/XI - XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV also thickened but slightly less than the former. Hearts 4 pairs.
(5) Hideji Yaniaguchi. in X-XIII, but those in X vestigial on the right or the left side. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal coeca similar to that of Ph. canwsa in position and form.. Lymph glands begin to appear usually in XVII/XVIII, being very small, but those from XXVI/XXVII large and club-shaped. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII, relatively small. Testis sacs 2 pairs in X and XI, relatively large. Their features are similar to those of Ph. carnosa. Pseudovesicles 2 pairs in XIII and XIV, posterior pair being smaller than the anterior. Prostate glands moderate in size, expanded 2-4 (commonly 3) segments from XVII to XX. Spermathecae pairs in VI, VII and VIII, being the last segment provided with 2 pairs, as well as Ph. carnosa. Each spermatheca is rather small and destitute of diverticulum, consisting of a heart-shaped ampulla and its stout duct. Remaks : The present material is identical with the species referred as Ph. mcirenzelleri by Kobayashi (1938). It is similar to Ph. carnosa not only in external characteristies but also in internal structure (compare with the information by Kobayashi). But the both species are easily distinguishable by difference in number of male pore setae. 3. Pheretima oyamai Ohfuchi 1937 1937, Ph. oyainai, Ohfuchi, Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull. No. 12,pp. 62-66, fig. 10. 1938, Ph. oyamai, Kobayashi, Ann. Zool. Japon. Vol. 17, pp. 409-410.. Material: 3 cUtellate specimens, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 299-5 , 306-1-1) ; one, Fukushima in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 316-8-1) ; one, Gobanzaka in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 317-9-1) ; one, Yakumo in Yamakoshi-gun, Oshima (No. 321-1-2). External characters : Length 120-190 mm, breadth about 6 mm, number of segments 117 -126. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved material in formalin : purplish brown dorsally, being concentrated anteriorly, and light yellowish ventrally. On the postclitellar segments the dorsal coloration of intersegmental furrows deeper than the rest and extending into lateral surfaces, showing a banded appearance. Such banded coloration somewhat resembles Ph. vittata, but is not quite distinct. Clitellum pinldsh to purplish brown in color. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Setae on the anterior segments from II to IX slightly larger than those on the sucessive segments. Setal number as. follows : 35-37/VI, 39-40/VII, 36-39/VIII, 41-43/IX and 44-45/XIII. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs in V/VI - VIII/IX, found in the ventro-lateral sides about 1/3 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute, located near the posterior to an intersegmental furrow. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/11-12, VII/12-14, VIII/12-13, IX/12-14. Postclitellar genital papillae were found in 4 specimens. In 2 specimens, a single papilla placed on the ventral side, presetal and median to the spermatheca pore line on the right side of VIII. In the other one, 2 papillae were found in a similar position on the right side of VIII and on the left. side of IX. Another one is provided with 2 pairs in a similar position on VIII and IX. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores. situated ventrally in the chaetal line of XVIII, being separated by a distance of about 1/3 of the circumference. Each pore minute, found in the center of a slightly darkened, circular porophore with one or two circumferential furrows around it, forming as a whole. 4 -.
(6) On Earrhworms belonging to the genus Pheretinia, collected from tlie Southern Part of Hokkaido. a somewhat rhombic and slightly elevated patch. Male pore setae 8-9 in number. Postclitellar genital papillae were found in 5 speciens. In 2 specimens, a single pair of the papillae found precetally, bing close to the rhombic patch and just antero-meclial. In the remaining three, a single papilla was found in the same position on the right or left side. Internal anatomy '. Septum VIII/IX present, but thin and delicate, being similar to that. of Ph. maremelleri, IX/X wanting, X/XI - XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV also thickened but slightly thinner than the foregoing septa. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X being vestigial on the left side. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal coeca similar to Ph. carnosa and Ph. marenzelleri in position and form. Lymph glands begin. to appear in XVI/XVII or XVII/XVIII, in very small size. But those behind the intestinal coeca large and lobate or club-shaped. Seminal vesicles, testis sacs and psoudovesides are similar to Ph. marenzelleri in number, position and form. Prostate glands rather poorly developed, usually occupying 1-2 segments (XVIII, XVII-XVIII or XVIII-. XIX). spermathecae 4 pairs, located in VI. VII and VIII, the last pair being placed just in front of VIII/IX. Each spermatheca small and destitute of diverticulum, being composed of a somewhat flattened ovoidal ampulla and a thick duct.. Remarks : According to the original description given by Ohfuchi (1937), his specimens are destitute of preclitellar genital papillae. But Kobayashi (1938) found them in specimens from Hokkaido, their position being presetal in VII-IX. In the writer's material, they are presetal in VIII-IX, as described above. The present species is easily distinguishable from other octothecal species of Japan by. the banded coloration and the presence of the postclitellar genital papillae located just antero-medially to the rhombic patch on XVIII. 4. Pheretima divergens (Michaelsen) 1892 (Fig. D 1930, Pericliaefa sp. (the 7th sp.), Yamaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 42, pp. 55-56, figs. 9, 10 fin Japanese). 1936, Ph- diuergens, Kaburaki and Miraka, Plants and animals in Nikko. p. 511. 1937, Pli- diuergens, Ohfuchi, Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull. No. 12, pp. 67-108. figs. 11-28. 1938, Pit- (liuergens, Kobayashi, Ann. Zool. Japon. Vol. 17, pp. 405-407. 1943, Ph- clioei'ffens, Iwata, Sappro Norin Gakukai-ho Vol. 2. P. 47 (in Japanese).. Material '• All clitellate. One specimen, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (MO. 298-1) ; 3 Shirildshinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 305-4-2, 305-8) ; 1, Fukushima in Matsumaegun, Oshima (No. 316-8-1) ; 10, Gobanzaka in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 317-9-1 and 2, 317-10) ; 2, Kameda in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 322-4-d). External characters : Length 120-239 mm, breadth 5-6 mm, number of segments 109118. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preseved specimens in formalin : bluish purple dorsally, being concentrated anteriorly, and light yellowish gray ventrally. The dorsal coloration becomes gradually brownish purple toward the posterior on the postcli-. tellar region. Clitellum uniformly light chocolate in color. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Setae on the anterior segmets from IX foreward slightly larger than those on successive. - 5 -.
(7) •. VIII. .w......*.^. • •~. XVIII I -. .•....-!»•.. • ©. »_ __ 9. ••^ ^•»^. .•.•....•.ft.. .®®...*0.. ^••^•«. '•• ~"~9W. _»^ _ ®®^. ®@ ••. •®_»®^. •^.----•.. ®.. _• ...... ®.. ,•.......®... -®......; w.. ~® •-. .•.®...®».. ®e ~9» .•.».... ®-. • ©® ••. .®------®-. 9 ®^. ;• ; ;;7»:. :©.... _.®,. © •. •^^® •. x :®..... .^.1. © © ©0. ~@•". ^ © ©© ©® a. ©@ ©®. A®. ..®®.. ;••;. .»•.. •'• ®~9. • '—y. • a. f........... <?..-.-..%. • "—•". vm. »^^~—w XVIII. ^.-.-..».. a. -• - -.••-. ^••7;7®®-. .••... 99. -®.®-.®®.. ©@®®®©. ©@ ec®. .®®..»»®.. .••...».®.. ® ©. • ©. .».©....••. ©. <?'......<.. • ^......%. 9. '•..-.-.•.. H Fig. 1.. J*. -®. .. .7A. L. e......%. .*......9.. M. Diagrammatic figure showing variation in arrangment of genital papillae and male pores in Ph. divergens (Michaelsen). Roman numeral designates number of a segment. Transverse dotted lines show chaetal lines. Black circular patches represent genital papillae, while black rhombic patches denote male pores.. -<.
(8) On Earthworms belonging to the genus Pliereti in a, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaido. segmets. Setal number as follows : 32-35/VI, 36-38/VII, 37-39/VIII, 35-39/IX and 40-45. /XIII. Spermathecal pores 4 pairs in V/VI-VIII/IX, located about 1/3 of the circumference apart; each pore minute, found in the center of a narrow area with slender spindle-shaped outline. The area is often enlarged anteriorly or rarely to form so-called spermathecal papilla. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/10-13, VII/11-12, VIII/11-13, IX/11-14. Genital papillae were found on the ventral surface of preclitellar and postclitellar in agreement with reports given by previous investigators. They are commonly located presetal and median to the spermathecal pore lines. The precitellar genital papillae found on VI-IX, being variable in number and position. They postclitellar ones observed on XVII-XIX, being also variable in number and position (Fig. 1). Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores present or absent ; out of 17 specimens examined, 7 were destitute of them. When present, they are situated ventrolaterally in the chaetal line of XVIII, being about 1/3 of the circumference apart, but frequently lacking on the right or the left side. Each pore minute, found in the center of a small circular and slightly darkened porophore, around which there are one or two circumferential furrows, forming as a whole a slightly elevated circular or somewhat rhombic patch. The patch is relatively small, and its margins usually do not reach to both the anterior and the posterior border of XVIII. Male pore setae 7-10 in number. Interned anatomy •• Septum VIII/IX present but thin and delicate like the foregoing. species, IX/X wanting, X/XI-XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV also thickened but slightly thinner than the preceding septa. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X vestigial on the right or the left side. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal. coeca simple, originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXIV or XXIII ; they are similar in form as in Ph. carnosa. Ph. nwrenzelleri and Ph. oyamai. Lymph. glands begin to appear in XVI/XVII or XVII/XVIII, being very small, but those from XXVI/XXVII or XXVII/XXVIII are large and club-shaped. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII, rather small, each being attached to the posterior face of septa. Testis sacs 2 pairs in X and XI, well developed. The anterior pair connected with each other to form a thick V-shape, being projected into X ; the posterior pair completely fused to form a rectangular transverse sac with massive and rounded wings. Pseudovesicles 2 pairs in XIII and XIV, the posterior pair being small in comparison with the anterior. Prostate glands were found only in specimens bearing the male pore. They are quite variable in size, occupying 1-4 segments from XVII to XX. Spermathecae 4 pairs in VI,. VII and VIII, the last pair being situated just anterior to septum VIII/IX. Ampulla heart-shaped or ellipsoidal and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened. Its duct stout and long but shorter than the ampulla in length, being distinctly marked off from the latter. Diverticulum, present or absent; if present, it is long and tubular, its distal end forming a globular swelling. The length of the diverticulum variable, shorter to or equal to that of the main portion, being frequently vestigial.. Remarks : The present species has been well studied by Ohfuchi (1937) and Kobayashi - 7 -.
(9) Hicleji Yainaguchi. (1938). The characteristics of the present material closely agree with the reports on Ph. divergens given by previous investigators. But the following point is to be noticed.. According to Kobayashi (1938), septum VIII/IX is ventrally traceable in his specimens, while in the writer's specimens it is complete, but thin and delicate. 6. Pheretiina micronaria (Goto et Hatai) 1898 1898. Perichaeta micronaria, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japon. Vol. 2. p. 74 with one fig. 1937, Pheretimii micronaria, Ohfuchi, Seit" Ho-on Kai Mus. Res. Bull. No. 12, pp. 50-56 fig. 8. Material : One clitellate, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No. 299-4) ; 5 clitellate and 2 aclitellate from the some locality (No. 306-7-1). External characters : Length 90-112 mm, breadth 3-3.5 mm, number of segments 95105. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved material in formalin : light purplish brown dorsally and light gray ventrally. Clitellum brownish light gray in color. The body wall is relatively thin so that the dorsal vessel, prostate glands and other organs can be easily seen. Setae are rather uniform in size, unlike the preceding. octothecal species. Setal number as follows : 34-36/VI, 35-36/VII, 35-39/VIII, 36-39/IX and 44-45/XUL Spermathecal pores 4 pairs in V/VI-VIII/IX, located about 1/3 of the circumference apart. The pore minute, found in the center of a narrow elliptically marked area on an intersegmental furrow. Number of spermathecal setae as follows :. VI/10-11, VII/11-12, VIU/11-13, IX/11-13. No genital papilla m the preclitellar regin. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores found ventrolafcerally in the chaetal line of XVIII, being separated by a distance of about 1/3 of the circumference. Male pore setae 6-9 in number. Each male pore minute, found in the confer of a circular and slightly coloured porophore. Around it there are one or two irregular, circumferencial furrows, forming as a whole a slightly elevated circular patch. In the postclitellar region, there are 2 pairs of genital papillae. They are relatively large, and presetal and postsetal on XVIII, being located median to the male pore lines and expanded over. the intersegmental furrows XVII/XVIII and XVIII/XIX. Infernal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX present but ventrally traceable, IX/X wanting,. X/XI-XIV/XV slightly thickened. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X vestigial on one side. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal coeca, originating in XXVII, simple, similar to the preceding octothecal species. Lymph glands begin to appear in. XXVI/XXVII or XXVII/XXVIII, being leaf-shaped. Seminal vesicles and testis sacs are similar in number and form to those of all the octothecal species in preceding pages. Pseudovesicles wanting. Prostate glands well-developed and lobulate, occupying 4-5 segm-. ents from XVII to XXI. Spermathecae 4 pairs in VI, VII, VIII and IX. Ampulla heart-shaped and somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened ; its duct stout and long but shorter than the ampulla in length, being distinctly marked off from the latter. Diverticulum present or absent ; if present it is long and tubular, its distal end forming a ellipsoidal swelling. The length of the diverticulum slightly shorter than the main portion. Remarks : The present species has not hitherto been reported from Hokkaido, It is.
(10) On Eartliwonns belonging to tlie genus Pheretima, collected from tlie Southern Part of Hokkado. easily distinguished from other octothecal species by its small size and the features of. the postclitellar genital papillae. 6. Pheretima hupeiensis (Michaelsen) 1895 1933, Ph. liupeiensis, Chen, Contrib. Lab. Sci. Soc. China. Vol. 9, PP. 251-255, fig. 19. 1938, Pll. /mf)eiensis, Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13, PP. 152-153.. Material '• 3 clitellate, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 306-3) ; 10 clitellate and 9 aclitellate, Ono in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 318-3) ; 3 clitellate, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No 319-6-3). External characters '. Length 85-105 mm, breadth 3-3.5 mm, number of segments 127130. Prostomium epilobous, but short and cut behind. Color of newly preserved material in formalin, dull green to dull brownish green dorsally, greenish pale ventrally and light chocolate in clitellum. Setae fine and numerous Setal number as follows : 95-119,. VII, 95-119/VIII, 94-117/IX and 90-94/XIII. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs in VI/VII-VIU/IX, being closely placed on the ventral side, about 1/8 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute, located in the center of a circular or elliptical papilla just behind an intersegmental furrow. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VII/13-14, VIII/14-15. IX/13-15. No genital papilla in the spermathecal region. Female pore single, midven-. trally on XIV. Male pores situated in the chaetal line of XVIII, about 1/6 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute, found in the center of a small circular porophore which is flat and slightly elevated. Male pore setae 13-17 in number. Tow pairs. of genital papillae always found on the intersegmental furrows XVII/XVIII and XVIII/ XIX, located a little median to the male pore lines. Each is transversely elliptical and highly elevated, having a thick margin and a depressed central part.. Internal, anatomy : Septa VIII/IX and IX/X completely present, being thickened and pushed back to the posterior end of the gizzard ; X/XI-XIV/XV slightly thickened, but thinner gradually toward the posterior. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X enclosed in testis sac. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal coeca conical in shape,. originating in XXVII and extending anteriorly about to XXIV. Lymph glands lobulate and begin to appear in XXVII/XXVIII or XXVIII/XXIX. Testis sacs annular in X and XI. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII. They are rather small, and those in XI enclosed in the posterior testis sac. Prostate glands well-developed, expanding about 4. segments from XVII to XX. Spermathecae 3 pairs ; the first pair placed in VII, and the remaining two pairs in VIII (between septa VII/VIII and VIII/IX). Ampulla is elongated and spatula-shaped and not sharply differenciated from its duct. Diverticulum, a rather slender and long twisted tube, at least twice longer than the main portion. Remarks : The present species is easily distinguishable from others by the coloration of its body, features of postclitellar genital papillae, and a characteristic behavior of the worm which coils itself in a convulution and remains motionless for a long while immediately after removal from the eath. Again it has a peculiar unpleasant odour. On the. other hand, it is a noticeable fact that this species is widely distributed in China, Korea. - 9 -.
(11) Hideji Yamaguchi and Japan. It seems to be a new report of the species in Hokkaido. 7. Pheretima acincta (Goto et Hatai) 1899 (Peg 2, 3) 1889, Perichfieta acinctil, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japon. Vol. 3, pp. 16-17, fig. 6. 1930, P. acincta var, ? , Yainaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 42, pp. 52-53, fig. 4 (in Japanese). 1936, Piieretimu acincfci, Kaburaki and Misaka, Plants and animals in Nikko. p. 510 On Japanese). 1943, Ph. acinctd, Iwata, Sappro NMi'in-Gakukai-ha Vol. 36, pp. 48-49 (in Japanese).. Material '. 15 clitellate specimens, Fukushima in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 316-6). External characters : Length 120-150 mm, breadth 5.5-7.5 mm, number of segments 100-113. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved material in fromalin ; deep brownish purple dorsally, pale yellowish gray ventrally, and light chocolate in clitellum.. Fig'. 2 Photograph of anterior part of body of Ph. acincfd (Goto et Hataiji taken from the. Fig'. 3 Photograph nf ventt'al view of. right side, showing lips on spennathecal pore. male pore region in Pit. acinctu (Goto et Hatai), showing male. region, X 8.. porophores, x 8 •. Setae moderate in size. Setal number as follows : 56-58/VI, 57-58/VII, 60-61/VIII and. 54-60/XIII. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs in V/VI-VII/VIII, being placed about 1/3 of the circumference apart. The pore is not superficial, bearing. conspicuous lips (Fig. 2) Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/14-17, VII15/17, VIII/16-18. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. One pair of conspicuous male porophores found on the ventrolateral side of XVIII, about 1/5 of the circumference apart (Fig. 3). They are brownish in color, having a nearly colorless marginal zone, being as a whole slightly elevated. Male aperture opens outside by a conspicuous trasverse, slitlike groove on the male porophore. Male pore setae 2-5 in number. No genital papilla found in any segment.. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX vestiginal and only ventrally traceable, IX/X wanting, X/XI-XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV and XV/XVI also thickened but thinner than the former. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X enclosed in testis sac. Intestine begins to widen in XVI or XV. Intestinal coeca simple, being conical in shape, origina-. ting in XXVII and extending about to XXIII. Lymph glands begin to appear in XXVII/ - 10 -.
(12) On Earthwonns belonging to the genus Pherefiina, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaiclo. XXVIII or XXVIII/XXIX. Testis sacs annular in X and XI. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII, those in XI enclosed in the posterior testis sac. No pseudovesicle found. Prostate glands well-developed, expanding in 4-5 segments from XVI to XX. Spermathecae 3 pairs in VI-VIII. Ampulla, long and spatulate in shape and somewhat flattened. Its duct stout and shorter than the ampulla. Diverticulum, long twisted and tube-like, its distal portion showing frequently sausage-like swelling, being longer than the main portion of the spermatheca. Remarks : The present species has not hitherto been reported from southern Hokkaido. Most striking characteristics of the species are the peculiar appearance of the male porophore and the feature of the spermathecal pore region. The species seems to be related to Ph. hupeiensis (Michaelsen), Ph. phaselus Hatai and Ph. yezoensis Kobayashi by the occurrence of annular testis sacs. However, the last species which has been described from a single specimen, seems, to be not improbable to be synonymous to the present spceies, because both are very similar in several important characteristics, 8. Pheretima phaselus Hatai 1930 (Fig. 4) 1930, Ph. />hnse!us, Hatai, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 5, pp. 659-661, fig. 6. 1934, Pit. kamifni, Kobayashi, J. Choseo Nat. Hist. Soc. No. 19, pp. 5-6, Pl.-fig. 6. 1936, Ph. serrata, Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol H, pp. 165-168, fig. 10. 1938, Ph. phasehis and Ph. kamitai, Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13, PP. 146-149, fig. 11. 1938, Ph. phaselns var. fypicci, Ph. Pli. var. ka mitai and Ph. Pit. var. tamnrai, Kobayashi, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 17, pp. 410-412, Pl. 22-fig. 3.. Material : All clitellate. 2 specimens, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No. 298-5, -8) ; 2, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 299-2. 304-4) ; 13, Shirikishinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No 305-2, -11) ; 1, Imagane (Kamioka) in Setana-gun, Hiyama (No. 320-3-5) ; 10, Kameda in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 322-5, -6). External characters : Length 95-180 mm, breadth 4-7 mm, number of segments 108-114. Prostomium epilobous. In preserved specimens, segments usually shown to be triannulate. Color of newly preserved specimens in formalin : light grayish brown to whitish pale. brown dorsally, light pale gray ventrally and light yellowish, light chocolate or reddish chocolate in clitellum. Setae moderate in size. Setal number as follows : 46-54./VI,. 51-56/VII, 51-59/VIII and 58-66/XIII. Dorsal pores in preclitellar region were not noticeable in many specimens. But in a fow specimens, the first dorsal pore was found. in XII/XIII. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs in V/VI-VII/VIII, paired pores being separated by a distance slightly smaller or about equal to 1/3 of the circumference. Each pore minute and placed on a small, narrow elliptical area in an intersegmental furrow. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VI/15-16, VII/14-17, VIII/15-18. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male porophores located on XVIII, which are walldelineated elevations, variable in outline. They are circular, kidney shaped, or thick L-shaped, bearing a minute circular depression, a curved longitudinal groove or L-shapecl -11 -.
(13) Hideji Yamaguchi groove (Fig. 4). No genital papilla found in any segment in pre- and postclitellar regions. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX vestigial, only ventrally trace-. able, IX/X wanting, X/XI-XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV slightly thickened. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X and XI enclosed within the respective annular testis sacs. Intestine begins to widen in XVI or XV (1/2). Intestinal coeca simple, conical in shape, origin-. ating in XXVII and extending anteriorly to XXIII or XXIV. Lymph glands lobulate and begin to appear XXVI/XXVII or XXVII/XXVIII. Testis sacs annular in X and XI. Seminal vesicles 2 pairs in XI and XII, the anterior pair being enclosed within the posterior testis sac. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII, moderate or rather small in size, frequently vestigial or absent. Prostate glands expanding 3-5 segments from XVII to XX. Spermathecae 3 pairs in VI, VII and VIII. Ampulla heart- or pearshaped, somewhat dorsoventrally flattened and often having wavy outline. Its duct stout and shorter than the ampulla. Diverticulum, tubular and usually longer than the main portion of the diverticulum. Distal end of the diverticulum is commonly enlarged slightly.. Remarks : According to Kobayashi (1938), the present species is divided into three varieties, typica, kamitai and tamurai, based mainly on male porophore aspects. But it appears to the writer that they are not to bedistinguished as varities, but may be considered as forms in develoment, because gradual differences are found not only in forms of male porophores but slso in clitellar swellings, in size of the anterior testis sacs and prostate glands as shown in Table 1 and Figure 4. Note on specimens resembling Ph. maciilosus : In the writer's material, there were found specimens (No. 316-8-4, 317-14, 319-6-2, 320-31) bearing pigmentless flecks with irregular shape on the dorso-lateral. Fig-. 4. Forms of male porophores in Ph. phaseltis Hatai, showing outlines and marks of male apertures. A, kaniitai form ; B, typical phaselus form ; C, famurai form.. Table 1 kamitai f. Shape of male porophore. typical pliase/KS f. kidney shaped.. sub-circular.. Size of male porophore. small.. Clitellum. not swollen or slightly swollen.. swollen.. Maximum number of male pore setae. 16.. 14.. Prostate glancls expanding Anterior testis sac. medium size.. ca. 3 segments.. lesser developed.. ca. 4 segments.. well-developed.. - 12 -. tamiirai f, kidney shaped to thick L-shapecl. Large. Swollen.. 12.. 4-5 segments, well-develobed..
(14) On Earthwonns belonging to the genus Plierefima, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaiclo. surface of the body, as well as Ph. maciilosus Hatai. But these specimens as regards important characteritics are not different from the writer's specimens referred to as Ph. phaselus Hatai as described below : Length 95-140 mm, breadth 5-6 mm, number of segments 104-110. First dorsal pore. in XII/XIII. Spermathecal pores 3 pairs in V/VI-VII/VIII. Spermathecal setae 15-17 in number. Male porophores well delineated, circular or somewhat kidney shaped, bearing a circular minute depression, curved longitudinal groove or L-shaped groove. Male pore setae 12-14 in number. Septum VIII/IX vestigial, only ventrally traceable, IX/X wanting,. X/XI-XIII/XIV much thickened, XIV/XV slightly thickened. Intestine begins to widen in XVI. Intestinal coeca simple, originating in XXVII. Seminal vesicles, testis sacs and spermathecae are similar to those in the specimens refered to Ph. phaseliis in number, position and form. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII small or vestigial. Prostate giands expanding in 4 segments. Then, these specimens seem to be identical with Ph. phaselns, though they have spotted apperance on the body surface just like Ph. maculosus, the male porophore of which is,. according to the original description given by Hatai (1930) circular, well delineated and provided with two or three small circular projections within it. 9. Pheretima communissima (Goto et Hatai) 1899 1899, Pei'tchuefci commnnissima, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 3. P. 23. 1936, Pheretinia coinmiinisstma, Kaburaki and Mlsaka, Plants and animals in Nikko. p. 511. 1961, Ph- commnnissnna, Takahashi and Yamaguchi, J. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ. Sect. 2 B, Vol. 12, pp. 1-3, fig. 1.. Material : 6 clitellate specimens, at Mount Hakodate (No. 324). Remarks : Occurrence of the present species in the south of Hokkaido and its charac-. teristics have been recently reported by Takahashi and Yamaguchi (1961). 10. Pheretima agrestis (Goto et Hatai )1899 1889, Perichueta dgrestis, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 3, p. 17, fig. 7. 1930, P- "g rest is ?, Yamaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 42, pp. 51-52, fig. 3 (in Japanese). 1930, Pliereiima agres/is, Hatai, Eci. Rep. Tnhoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol.5, PP. 651-655, fig. 1 (1), fig. 2. and 3 (B). 1936. Ph- agrestis, Kaburaki and Misaka, Plants and animals in Nikko pp. 510-511 (in Japanese). 1938, Ph. agresfis. Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13, pp. 141-146.. Material : 3 clitellate specmens, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate No. 298-2, -6) ; 7 clitellate, Shirildshinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No 305-7, -9) ; 9 clitellate, Ono in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 318-3). External characters : Length 125-200 mm, breadth 6-7 mm, number of segments 93-104. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved material in formalin : dark reddish. brown dorsally, light yellowish gray ventrally and light pinkish in clitellum. First dorsal pore in XII/XIH or XI/XII. Setae moderate in size. Spermatbecal pores 3 pairs in -13-.
(15) Hicleji Yaniaguclii. V/VI-VII/VIII, about 1/3 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute, located just on an intersegmental furrow, the body surface near the pores being slightly coloured. so-called coloured patches found in the ventral surface of the spermathecal region in nearly all specimens, but they are quite variable as already pointed out by Hatai (1930). Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores were found in 5 specimens, located in pair or wanting on one side, in the chaetal line of XVIII. Large circular, sucker-like genital papillae (with 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter) were found in 15 specimens, placed in pair median to the male pore line and in front of the chaetal line of XVIII, but wanting on one side in 4 specimens. The genital papillae so large that they expanded over the chaetal line, and 4-7 setae found between their posterior margins. Male pore aspect similar to that of Ph. commiinissima (see Takahashi and Yamaguchi, 1961).. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX vestigial, only ventrally traceable IX/X wanting, X/XI thin, XI/XII-XIV/XV slightly thickened. Intestine begins to widen in XV. Intestinal coeca originated in XXVI or XXVII, showing 7-9 pairs of finger-shaped projections, the longest being the borsal projection near the median line, extending about to XXIII. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, dut those in X are confined to one side. Lymph glands begin. to appear in XXVII/XXVII or XXVI/XXVII. Seminal vesicles relatively large, in pairs in XI and XII. Testis sacs relatively small, in X and XI, the anterior being low V-shaped and the posterior forming a transverse sac. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII. Prostate glands were observed only in specimens possessing the male pore ; they were expanded in 4 segments from XVII to XX in well developed ones. Spermathecae 3 pairs. in VI, VII and VIII. Ampulla ellipsoidal and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened ; its duct stout and shorter than the ampulla, being distincely marked off from the latter. Diverticulum longer than the main portion and consisting of a narrow duct and a distal sausage-like swelling. Remarks : The present species is easily distinguishable from other hexathecal species by the presence of the so-called coloured patches in the spermathecal region and the large sucker-like genital papillae on XVIII.. 11. (Pheretima hilgendorfi) Michaelsen 1892 1930, Perichaela liilgendorfi, Yamaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 42, pp. 50-51, figs. 1,2 (in Japanese). 1930, Plieretima hilgeiiclorfi, Yamaguchi, Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 11, Pt. 2, PP. 89-95, figs. 1, 2. 1930, Ph. liilgendorfi, Hatai, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 5, PP. 652-655, fig. 1(2), fig. 3 (A). 1931, Ph. hilgendorfi, Yaiuaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 43, pp. 393-399, figs. 1,2 ^in Japanese). 1936, Ph. hilgeiulorfi, Kabnraki and Misaka, Plants and animals in Nikko. p. 512 (in Japanese). 1938, Pli. liilgcnclorfi, Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13, pp. 121-127. 1938, Ph. liilgendorfi, Kobayashi, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 17, p. 407.. Material : All clitellate specimens. 17, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 304, 306-2); 10, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No. 295, 319-2) ; 13, Fukushima in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 316-1, -2); 32, Gobanzaka in Matsumae-gun, Oshhna (No. 317-1,-2,-3,-4,-5,-6); 20, Ono in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 318-5, -6) ; 1, Yakumo in Yamakoshi-gun, Oshima -14-.
(16) On Eartiworms belonging to the genus Plierettmci, collt'ctecl from tlie Southern Part of Hokk<iido. (No. 321-1-5) ; 16, (Imagane (Kamioka) in Setana-gun, Hiyama (No. 320-1, -2) ; 3, Kamada in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 322-8) ; 6, Shirikishinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 305-1) ; 1, Yunokawa-cho in Hakodate (No. 323). External, characters : Length 113-210 mm, breadth 4.5- mm, number of segments 101105. Prostomium epilodous. Color of living specimens : dark red brown dorsally, light oragish gray in clitellum. In postclitellar segment setal zone less pigmented, appearing slightly grayish lines. Setae moderate in size. Setal numder as follows : 48-. 54/VII, 50-54/VIII and 53-62/XIII. Dorsal pores begin to appear in XII/XIII or XI/XII. Spermathecal pores 2 pairs in VI/VII and VII/VIII, about 1/2 of the circumference apart. Each pore minute and placed on a narrow elliptical area just on an intersegmental furrow, near the area the body surface being slightly coloured. Number of spermathecal setae as follows : VII/20-26, VIII/23-28. So-called genital patches bearing numerous minute papillae, are found in the vental side in the preclitellar region, being located presetally and in the median line. The genital patches are quite variable in number and position, in most cases there is a single patch on VIII. Such genital patches are also found in the postclitellar region, also variable in number and position. But the posterior patches are rather rarely present ; in most cases there is a single patch on XVIII. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores were rarely found (circa 20%), in pair or on one side, showing variation. But it seems to be paired on XVIII in normal specimens. Male porophore similar to Ph. agrestis and Ph. communissima. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX vestigial, only ventrally traceable, IX/X wanting,. X/XI thin, XI/XII-XIV/XV slightly thickened. Intestine begins to widen in XV. Intestinal coeca originating in XXVII as 7-9 pairs of finger-shaped proiections, as well as Ph. agrestis, Ph. communissinw and others. Lymph glands begin to appaer in XXVI/. XXVIII. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X frequently vestigial on the right or left side. Seminal vesicles moderate in size, found in XI and XII. Testis sacs small in X and XI, being the anterior low V-shaped and the posterior forming a transverse sac. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII. Prostate glands found only in spacimens having male pores. They are well-developed, expanding in 5 segments from XVII to XXI in extreme cases. Spermathecae 2 pairs in VII and VIII. Ampulla spetulate and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened : its duct stout and shorter than the ampulla, being marked off distinctly from the latter, Diverticulum, longer than the main portion, and composed of a narrow tube and a distal sausage-like swelling. Remarks : The present species was first described by Michaelsen (1892) from Hakodate. Subsequently Yamaguchi (19309) recorded it in Sapporo. Though there is, at present, no record of the species in other parts of Hokkaido, the species seems to be very widely distributed in the territory, because the witer possesses many specmens of the same species, collected from Kushiro, Abashiri, Asahikawa, Nayoro and Wakkanai. The most striking characteristic of the species is the possession of the genital patch commonly -on VIII in the preclitellar region and often on XVIII in the postclitellar i-egin. Detailed feature of the variation on the patches and the male pores in number and posit- 15 -.
(17) Hideji Yamaguclii. ion has been reported by Yamaguchi (1930, 1931). Similar genital patches are also found on VIII and XVIII in Ph. yunoshimcmsis. But they are expanded over the chaetal line toward the posterior, while those of the present species do not get beyond the chaetal line, and are located as a whole in front of the chaetal line.. 12. Pheretima vittata (Goto et Hatai) 1898 1898, Perichuefa uiffafa, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 2, PP. 74-75, with 1 fig. 1929, Pheretima oitfatci, Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 12, pp. 271-285. 1936, Ph. 'Jiftata, Kaburaki and Misaka, Plants and animals in Nikko. p. 513 (in Japanese), 1936, Pl!, vittcitu, Kobayashi, J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. No. 21, pp. 52-57. 1933, Ph- vittata, Kobayashi, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 17, p. 412.. Matsrial : All clitellate. One specimen, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No. 298-7) ; 13, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate (No. 299, 306-4 and -5) ; 6, Fukushima in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 316-5) ; 12, Gobanzaka in M:atsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 317-7, and -8) ; 10 Ono in Kameda-gun, Oshu-na (No. 318-2, and -7) ; 2, Imagane (Kamioka) in Setana-gun, Hiyama (No. 320-3-2) ; 3, Yakumo in Yamakoshi-gun, Oshima (No. 321-1-3) ; 2, Yunokawa-cho in Hakodate (No. 323-2). External characters : Length 131-180 mm, breadth 5-7 mm, number of segments 90106. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved specimens in formalin : deepreddish brown along the intersegmental furrows, and light brown to light yellowish gray beween them in the dorsal and lateral sides, showing banded appearance, and light yellowish gray ventrally. Clitellum uniformly light pinkish gray in color. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII, rarely in XI/XII. Setae moderate in size. Setal number as follows : 48 -57/VII, 51-56/VIII and 59-60/XIII. Spermathecal pores could not be observed in many specimens in keeping with statments of prevous investigators. Out of the specimens examined, 12 are provided with them, showing variation in number and position. Thus,. a single spermathecal pore on the right or the left side in VI/VII or VII/VIII in 8 specimens, a pair in VII/VIII in one, and a single in VI/VII on the right side and a pair in VII/VIII in another. The remaining 2 specimens are provided with 2 pairs of pores in VI/VII and VII/VIII. Finally the last specimens seem to conform to the species. When paired, the pores are located about 1/2 of the circumference apart. Spermathecal setae usually 21-22 in number. The spermathecal pore minute, placed on a small circular papilla on an intersegmental furrow. A slightly elevated ridge is found ventrally to the spermathecal papilla and just behind an intersegmental furrow. Small genital papillae usually found presetally on VII, being placed median to the spermathecal pore lines and arranged in a transverse series, showing variation in number and position in keeping. with the statement by Hatai (1929). Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male pores found in only 2 specimens, each bearing a single pore on the right side in the chaetal line of XVIII. The pore minute, placed in the center of a circular and slightly coloured porophore which is slightly couvex. Usually 3 small genital papillae in series - 16.
(18) On Earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretima, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaido. are found just in front of the chaetal line and median to the male pore line, each including a seta in its posterior margin.. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IX not vestigial, but thin and delicate, being pushed backwards into the posterior side of gizzard, IX/X wanting, X/XI thin, XI/XII-XIV/XV slightly thickened. Intestine begins to widen in XV. Intestinal coeca originating in XXVII, muliplied in the same way as Ph. hilgendorfi etc. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII,. but those in X reduced on the right or the left side. Lymph glands begin to appear in XXVII/XXVIII. Seminal vesicles and testis sacs similar to those in Ph. lulgeridorfi etc. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII. Prostate glands found corresponding to the male pore, being expanded in 7 segments from XVII to XXIII in well-developed specimens. Spermathecae found corresponding to the spermathecal pores. In specimans considered as normal, there are 2 pairs in VII and VIII. Ampulla spatulate or oval in shape and somawhat dorsoventrally flattend ; its duct moderate in thickness and shorter than the ampulla. Diverticulum, longer than the main portion, its proximal half rather slender and the distal forms a thin-walled sausagelike seminal chamber.. Remarks : The present species has been recorded from Hakodate by Kobayashi (1938). It is easily distinguishable from other species of the genus by the distinct banded coloration of the body surface.. 13. Pheretima irregularis (Goto et Hatai) 1899 1899, Perichuetci irregttlaris, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 3, p. 13. 1899, P. lewis, Goto and Hatai, Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 3, P. 20 fig 12. 1930, P- sp. (the 5 th sp.), Yamaguchi, Zool. Mag. Vol. 42, pp. 54-55, figs. 6. 7 (in Japanese). 1938, Pheretima irrcgnlaris, Ohfuchi, Saito Ho-on Kai Mus. Ras. Bull. No. 15, pp. 1-31, figs, 1-6. 1938, Pl'- irregiilciris, Kobayashi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13, p. HO. 1939, Pit- irregtilaris, Ohfuchi, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 14, pp. 81-117.. Material : All clitellate. One specimen, Hachiman-cho in Hakodate (No. 298-4) ; 10 ones, Matsukage-cho in Hakodate ^No. 299-1, 304-3, 306-4, -7-3) ; 5, Shirikishinai in Kameda-gun, Oshima (No. 305-10, -11-2) ; 3, Fukushima in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 316-8 ; 10, Gobanzaka in Matsumae-gun, Oshima (No. 317-13) ; 12, Yunokawa-cho in Hakodate No. (323-4, -8). External characters : Lenght 85-145 mm, breadth 3.5-6 mm, number of segments 78 -99. Prostomium epilobous. Color of newly preserved material in formalin : dark red brown dorsally, but chaetal zone less pigmented so that they appear as light grayish transverse lines, and pale yellowish gray ventrlly. Clitellum milky chocolate in color. First dorsal pore in XII/XIII. Setae moderate in size. Setal number as follows : 42-. 48/VII, 45-47/VIII. and 48-51/XIII. Spermathecal pores vary in number and position, and frequenrly are entirely absent. When present, a single spermathecal pore was. found on the right or the left side in VI/VII or VII/VIII in 10 specimens, a pair in VI/VII in 3, a single in VI/II and a pair in VII/VIII or vice versa in 8, 2 pairs in VI/VII and VII/VIII in 8 specimens. Then the last condition seems to be normal in - 17 -.
(19) Hideji Yamaguchi the species the same as in Ph. vittata. When in pairs, the pores are situated about 2/5 of the circumference apart. Spermathecal setae are about 20 in number. Each spermathecal pore minute and placed on a sub-circular papilla in an intersegmental furrow. One or two small genital papillae were found close to the spermathecal pore, being placed just posterior to an intersegmental furrow and median to the spermathecal pore line. Female pore single, midventrally on XIV. Male porophores were found in pair on XVIII in 15 specimens, singly on the right side or the left side on the same segment in 18. The porophore appears as a small circular, slightly coloured patch located at the bottom of a depression in each side of the ventrum of XVIII. One to three small genital papillae were found median to the porophore and just in font of the chaetal line, Male pore setae 14-19 in number. Internal anatomy : Septum VIII/IV vestigial and ventrally traceable, IX/X wanting,. X/XI thin, XI/XII-XIV/XV slightly thickened. Intestine begins to widen in XV. Intestinal coeca originating in XXVII, multiplited, showing 4-6 pars of finger-shaped projections like as Ph. vittata and others. Hearts 4 pairs in X-XIII, but those in X. frequently vestigial on the right or the left side. Lymph glands begin to appear in XXVII/XXVIII. Seminal vesicles and testis sacs similar to those in Ph. vit.tuta and Ph. liitgendorfi in number, position and form. Pseudovesicles one pair in XIII. Prostate glands, corresponding to the male pore, well peveloped, expanding 4-6 segments from XVI to XXII. Spermathecae were found when the spermalhecal pore is present externally. In specimens considered as normal, they are paired in VII and VIII. Ampulla elliptical in shape and somewhat dorsoventrally flattened. Its duct usually shorter than the ampulla. Diverticulum present or absent ; when present, it is shorter or longer than the main portion, having a sansage-lke or globular ental portion. One or two capsulogenoug glands were found near the ectal end of the spermathecal duct, corresponding to the small papillae which are located close to tho spermathecal pore. Remarks : The present species has not hitherto been reported from the southern part of Hokkaido. It is easily distinguishable from others by its smaller size and the male porophore which is located at the bottom of the depression on the ventral surface of XVIII.. The thirteen species mentioned above can be classified into three groups based on several internal characters, as shown in Table 2. In group A, carnosa, marenzellert, oymai and diversens seem to be very closely related to each other, because they are provided with enlarged setae on II-IX, 2 pairs of pseudo-. vesicles in XIII and XIV, and lymph glands behinning in XIV/XV-XVII/XVIII. But micronaria is different, showing the following characteristics : - Setae are rather uniform in size. No pseudovesicle. Lymph glands begin to appear in XXVI/XXVII or XXVII/XXVIII. Hence micronuria seems to be slightlys eparated in systematic position from the preceding species. The three species in group B, liii.peiensis, acincta and plmselns, do not seem to be so closely related to each other. Of these, hiipeiensis may be widely separated in affinity -18-.
(20) On Earthworms belonging to the genus Pliere/iinu, collected Ironi tlie Southern Part of Hokkaiclo. Table 2. c. Groups. Species. ccn-nosa, marenzeileri, i oynmai, clivergens, micronwia.. Intestina coeca. simple.. Testis sacs. not annular.. Spermathecae. Lymph glands begin ot appear in. iaipeiensis, acinctti, phaseltis.. 4 pairs in 5/6-8/9.. simple. annular.. 3 pairs in 5/6-7/8 or. 6/7-8/7. 14/15-17/18 or. 26/27-28/29. 26/27-27/28. Intestine begins to widen in. 16 or 15. 16.. conwnmissima, agresfis, liilgendorfi, vittuta, D'regnlaris. multiple. not annular,. 3 or 2pairs.in 5/B-7/8. or 6/7-7/8. 26/27-27/28 15.. Thick numeral denotes number of a segment.. from others, because it has the following uncommon characteristics : - Prostomium epilobous, but cut off behind. Setae fine and numerous. Clitellum setae present on the ventral side. Septum IX/X present, unlike many other species of the genus, in which it. is wanting. Further, spermathecal pores located in VI/VIII, VII/VIII and VII/IX, while they are situated in V/VI, VI/VII and VII/VIII in acincta and phaselus. On the other hand, acincta and phuselus show quite different features of male porophores and spermathecal pore region. Group C is mainly characterized by the possession of multiple intestinal coeca showing finger-shaped projections in 4-9 pairs. In this group, communisslma, agresf.is and hi.lgendorfi seem to be very closely related to each other, because they generally have the same characteritics, except the number of spermathecae and the presence or absence of. genital papillae or patches. Spermathecal pores are 3 pairs in V/VI, VI/VII and VII/VIII in commiinissima and agrestis, but 2 pairs in VI/VII and VII/VIII in hilgendorfi.. The latter condition seems to be derived from the former by reduction in V/VI. In vittatu and irregularis, spermathecal pores vary in number and position, but it appears to the. writer that spermathecal pores are normally 2 pairs in VI/VII and VII/VIII in both species, as already stated in this paper. On the other hand, both are provided with a series of small genital papillae located median to the male porophores and just in front of the chaetal line of XVIII. Hence both may be closely related to each other.. Literature cited Clien, Y, : 1933, A preliminary survey of the earthworms of lower Yangtze Valley. Contricl Biol. Lab. Sci. Soc. China. Vol. 9. Goto, S. and Hatai, S, : 1898, New or imperfectly known species of earthworms. No. Ann. Zool, Japon. Vol. 2. 1899, Ditto No. 2 Ditto Vol. 3. Hatai, S. : 1929, On the variability of some external characters in Pheretiinu vitlafa, Goto and Hatai. Ditto. -19-.
(21) Hicleji Yainaguchi Vol. 12. 1930, Notes on Pheretima agrestis (Goto et Hatai), together with the description of four new species of the genus Pheretima, Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 5. Iwata, K. : 1943, Hokkaido ni okeruiwayuru Aze-mimizu ni tsuite. Sapporo Norin Gakukai-hi) Vol. 2 (in Japanese). Kaburaki, T. and Misaka, K. : 1936, Nikko no mimizu. Plants and animals in Nikko (in Japanese). Kobayashi, S. : 1934, The new Korean earthworms belonging to the genus Plieretima, together with the wide range of the distribution of Pherefima hHgendorfi (Michaelsen). J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Spc. No. 19. 1936, Distridution and some external characteristics of Pherettinu curnosa (Goto et Hatai) from Korea. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 1 1. 1936, Earthworms from Koryo, Korea. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 1 1. 1936, Pheretima (Ph.) uittata (Goto et Hatai) from Japan and Korea. J. Chosen Nat. Hist. Soc. No. 21.. 1938, Earthworms of Korea I. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 13. 1938, Earthworms from Hakodate. Ann. Zool. Japan. Vol. 17. Olifuchi, S. : 1937, On the species possessing four pairs of spermathecae in the genus Pheretima, together with the variability of soma external and internal charactensitcs. Saito Ho-on Kai Mus.Res. Bull. No. 12. 1938, On the variability of the opening and the structure of the spermatheca and male organs in Pheretlma u'regularis. Ditto No. 15. 1939, Turther studies of the variability in the position and number of male and spennathecal pores in case of Pheretimu irreguldl'is base upon local analysis. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ. Biol. Vol. 14. Takahashi, T. and Yainaguchi, H. : 1961, Occurrence of Plieretima communissima (Goto et Hatai) in Hokkaido. J. Hokkaido Gakugei Univ. Sec. II, B. Vol. 12. Yamaguchi, H : 1930,Sapporo-san Mimizu no su-sliu. Zool. Mag. Vol. 42 (in Japanese). 1930, On the variability on the capsulogenous glands in the earthworm Piieretima hilgendorfi (Michaelsen). Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Vol. 11 . 1931, Mimizu no isshu Plierefimu lulgenclorfi Michaelsen no yu-sei-seichoku-ko no seijoichi to sono-ichi oyobi su. ni kansuru hen-i. Zool. Mag. Vol. 42 (in Japanese).. ;lb%M®l$jS15®^^HrA^^A^^/^'Ji£!l@I®^^^ot^ScD^;*, 7 ^ $ $7:' (Pheretima) (GttlS^Jt-SlJ^-L, ?c(D^ 5@a;iIit^?E$rT?<&-2>. £-co^ff^tt^S^o^-T:®«'^®^i ^Km^^-^S)^^, Eit.t'c»ti?]$£(0^-li^3iJ;tH^S-^^^Si^-2"S^-lb^^.. - 20 -.
(22) On Earthworms belonging to the genus Pheretinw, collected from the Southern Part of Hokkaiclo. g? m. m. * Ph. carnosa (Goto et Hatai). ^. AB. ±}s-. •tEB. fSS,. i7L7?R. 3 3 -.^ 7 I- *" D. Ph. maremelleri Cognetti = -t -b '/ P ?~ ? 7^'. Ph. oycimai ohfuchi. Tt- -V -7 ^ ? X. Ph. divergeiis (Michaesen) -fc '/ P ? i 7-;'. "' Pit. micronaria (Goto et Hatai) b-f-7 ]. ? ^ X. v;' Ph. lnipeiensis (Michaelsen) y y i ? -X " Ph. iicincta (Goto et Hatai) ^ -)i ^' ^ \ X Ph. phtiselns Hatai. -f p -^ p i ? 7^'. Pli. commiintssima (Goto et Hataij 7 -V r> , 5 7.'. Ph. agresfis (Goto et Hatai) ^f T '-. '-. -A. Ph. Inlgendorfi (Michaelsen) b ]- -y-f: y ^ ^ X. Ph. uiffatd (Goto et Hatai) 7 ]• 7, ^' ^' ? -X. +. +. +. +. '•'' Pli. irregnlaris (Goto et Hatai). +. 7 + y ^ ^ i 7;. ifc. s.wws'^w^y^w^TT.i-.. - 21 -.
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