スマートイヤーモニターシステムの開発研究－耳部脈拍数検出のためのイヤホン型高感度緑光電容積脈波計測システム開発－

Title

スマートイヤーモニターシステムの開発研究－耳部脈拍数検

出のためのイヤホン型高感度緑光電容積脈波計測システム開

発－

Author(s)

草場　志帆里,李　知炯,甲斐　智希,福本　悠斗,山越　健弘

Citation

福岡工業大学総合研究機構研究所所報　第1巻 　P97-P102

Issue Date

2018-12

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/11478/1246

Right

Type

Departmental Bulletin Paper

Textversion

Publisher

福岡工業大学　機関リポジトリ　

FITREPO

ࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࢖࣮ࣖࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨ◊✲

㸫⪥㒊⬦ᢿᩘ᳨ฟࡢࡓࡵࡢ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ㧗ឤᗘ⥳ග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤Ⓨ㸫

ⲡሙ ᚿᕹ㔛㸦ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸧

 ᮤ ▱Ⅵ 㸦ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸧

⏥ᩫ ᬛᕼ 㸦᝟ሗᕤᏛ㒊 ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⛉㸧

⚟ᮏ ᝆᩯ 㸦ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸧

ᒣ㉺ ೺ᘯ 㸦ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛᑓᨷ㸧

Development of the Smart Ear Monitor System

-

Development of an Earphone-type High Sensitivity Green Light Photoplethysmogram

Measurement System for Heart Rate Monitoring in the Ear

-Shihori KUSABA (Information and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering) Jihyoung LEE (Information and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering)

Tomoki KAI (Department of Information and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Information Engineering) Yuto FUKUMOTO (Information and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering)

Takehiro YAMAKOSHI (Information and Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering)

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare the heart rate (HR) derived from electrocardiogram (ECG) with the pulse rate (PR) derived from the green light ear photo-plethysmogram (PPG) using an earphone. We developed a compact device that the PPG sensor comprising a green LED and phototransistor was embedded in the earphone. The weight of device was 8.8 g. In 10 subjects, simultaneous measurements of ECG, and green light (525 nm) PPG from the front of tragus were made at the following treadmill speeds: 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 km/h. During walking (2, 4 km/h), the results showed that the PR derived from the green light PPG from the ear significantly related to HR derived from ECG (r = 0.98). In addition, the limit of agreement in Bland-Altman plots between these indices were ± 3.95 (1.96 SD) bpm. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the green light ear PPG using earphone might be practical measurement for monitoring HR during walking.

Keywords㸸ear, green light, earphone, photo-photoplethysmogram, pulse rate, photo-transistor

1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ㏆ᖺ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣᚰ⑌ᝈ࡟ࡼࡿṚஸ⪅ᩘࡀᖺࠎቑຍࡋ࡚ ࠾ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏேࡢ୕኱Ṛᅉࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ1 ࡘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(1)_ࠋᚰ⑌ ᝈ࡜ࡣ㸪⊃ᚰ⑕ࡸᚰ➽᱾ሰ࡞࡝ࡢᚰ⮚࡟㉳ࡇࡿ⑓Ẽࡢ⥲⛠ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᚰ⑌ᝈࡢண㜵᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪥㡭࠿ࡽࡢࢪࣙࢠࣥࢢ ➼ࡢ㐺ᗘ࡞㐠ືࡸ⑓㝔࡛ࡢᐃᮇ᳨デࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪 ᚰ⑌ᝈ࡟ࡣึⓎ⑕≧࠿ࡽ24 ᫬㛫௨ෆ࡟Ṛஸࡍࡿࠕ✺↛Ṛࠖ ࡀከ࠸(2)_{ࠋ✺↛Ṛ࡜ࡣ㸪✺↛ఱࡽ࠿ࡢཎᅉ࡛ᚰ⮚࡟␗ᖖࡀ⌧} ࢀ㸪୍ᐃࣜࢬ࣒࡛࠶ࡿᚰᢿᩘ㸦heart rate; HR㸧ࡢࣜࢬ࣒࡟ ஘ࢀࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪⾑ᾮࡢᚠ⎔୙඲࡟࡞ࡾṚ࡟⮳ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡼࡗ࡚㸪HR ࡟஘ࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡜㸪⑓㝔࡛᪩ᮇཷデࢆ⾜࠺➼ࡢ ✺↛Ṛࡢண㜵ᑐ⟇ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᖖ᫬ HR ࢆィ ࡋ࡚஘ࢀ ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ HR ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡢᇶ‽ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚰ㟁ᅗ㸦electrocard iogram; ECG㸧ィ ἲࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ECG ࡣయ⾲ 㠃࡟㟁ᴟࢆྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᑠᆺ⿦⨨࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶィ  ࡢ㝿ࡣᚲࡎ㟁ᴟࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ィ ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ ⬚㒊➼࡟㟁ᴟࢆ┤᥋ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟⓶⭵ࢆയ ࡘࡅ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ᭹ࢆ⬺ࡄ ᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡾᒇእ࡛ᐜ᫆࡟㌟࡟╔ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ୍ ᪉㸪ග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ㸦photo-plethysmogram; PPG㸧࠿ࡽᚓࡽ ࢀࡿ⬦ᢿᩘ㸦pulse rate; PR㸧ࡣ㸪ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ HR ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪HR ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡃ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸

ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪PPG ࡣ㸪ගࢭࣥࢧ࡜ග᳨ฟჾࡢࡳࡢᵓᡂ࡛ᑠ

ᆺ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ィ 㒊఩ࡶᣦᑤ㒊ࡸ⭎㒊࡞࡝ᮎᲈ㒊࡛ࡢィ ࡀ ྍ⬟࡞ࡓࡵ࡟᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࡢィ ࡟㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪 ᡃࠎࡣගࢭࣥࢧࢆ⏝࠸࡚᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࡼࡾ⡆౽࡟ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥ

ⲡሙ ᚿᕹ㔛㸪ᮤ ▱Ⅵ㸪⏥ᩫ ᬛᕼ㸪⚟ᮏ ᝆᩯ㸪ᒣ㉺ ೺ᘯ ࢢࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿPPG ィ ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋ PPG ࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟⬦Ἴ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ㸪ᣦᑤࡸ⪥ᮕ࡞࡝ࡢᮎᲈ 㒊ࡢ⾑⟶ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ᚰᢿື࡟క࠺⾑ᾮ㔞ࡢኚື㸦ᐜ✚ኚ ື㸧ࢆග㟁ⓗ࡟ほ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⓶⭵㸪⓶ୗ⬡⫫㸪㦵㸪 ⭝ཬࡧ⾑⟶࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ⏕య⤌⧊࡟ගࢆ↷ᑕࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㒊 ఩࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⾑⟶࡛ࡢ⾑ᾮ㔞ࡢኚືࢆග᳨ฟࢭࣥࢧ࡛ィ ࡍ ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᴟࡵ࡚ᑠࡉ࡞⾑ᾮ㔞ࡢኚືಙྕࢆ㟁Ẽⓗ ࡟ቑᖜࡉࡏ࡚グ㘓ࡋࡓἼᙧࡀPPG ࡛࠶ࡿࠋPPG ィ ཎ⌮ ࡣ㸪ග࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕య⤌⧊ࡢ྾ගಀᩘࡀ㸪⤌⧊ࡼࡾࡶ⾑ᾮ࡟ ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡿ࠿࡟኱ࡁ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ィ 㒊఩࡟࠾ ࡅࡿ⾑ὶᐜ✚ࡢኚືࢆィ ࡍࡿཎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿ(3)_{ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪ྍ} どග㡿ᇦ࠿ࡽ㏆㉥እ㡿ᇦࡲ࡛ࡢග㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪⣙450 ~ 1800 nm㸧ࢆධᑕࡋ㸪⏕య⤌⧊ࢆ㏻㐣ཬࡧ཯ᑕࡉࢀࡿගࢆග᳨ฟ ჾ࡟᳨࡚ฟࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋග᳨ฟჾ࡟ࡣ㸪࣊ࣔࢢࣟࣅࣥ ࡢ྾ගἼ㛗࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤᗘࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࢖࣮࢜ࢻ㸦photo diode; PD㸧࡞࡝ࡢග㟁⣲Ꮚࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ㏻ᖖ㸪PPG ィ ࡣ㸪㏆㉥እගࢆග※࡜ࡋ࡚ᣦඛ࠿ࡽᚓࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ⣽ື⬦࠿ࡽࡣ㇏ᐩ࡞᝟ሗࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ▱ࡽࢀ࡚ ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢሙᡤࡣ≉࡟PPG ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࠋࡋ࠿ ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢPPG ィ ἲࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍⯡ⓗ ࡛࠶ࡿᣦᑤ㒊࡛ࡢィ ࢆ⾜࠺㝿࡟ࡣព㆑ⓗ࡞⾜ືࡀᚲせ࡛ ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ᪥ᖖάື୰࡛ࡢPPG ィ ࡣືస୰࡟⏕ࡌࡿ యື࢔࣮ࢳࣇ࢓ࢡࢺ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ㏆㉥እගࡣཷࡅࡸࡍࡃṇ ☜࡟ィ ࡀ⾜࠼࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ ࡣࣀ࢖ࢬࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᑡ࡞࠸⥳ගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓィ ࡛㸪╔⏝ྍ⬟࡞ ࣊ࢵࢻ࣍ࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⪥㒊࡛ࡢ↓ព㆑ୗ࡛ࡢィ ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿ(4, 5)_ࠋ ᡃࠎࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ὸഃ㢌ື⬦ࡢศᯞࡀከࡃᏑᅾࡍࡿ ⪥⌔๓㸪ග※࡜ࡋ࡚⥳ගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓPPG ィ ἲࡀ᭱ࡶ⢭ᗘࡀ ⰋࡃᏳᐃࡋࡓィ ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ(6)_ࠋࡋ࠿ ࡋ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ࣊ࢵࢻ࣍ࣥᆺPPG ィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡣ㸪 ືస᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㧥ࡀ㛗࠸ሙྜ㧥ࡢẟࡀ⿦⨨࡟ゐࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ ࡼࡾࣀ࢖ࢬࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢࢭࣥࢧ㒊ࡢ㔜㔞࡟࠾࠸࡚ᨵⰋ Ⅼࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ṍ⾜୰➼ࡢ㉳❧≧ែࡣࡲࡔࡋࡶ╧╀୰ ➼ࡢᶓ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛ࡣ╔⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪 ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ࡞࡝㍍㔞ᑠᆺᨵⰋࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㍍㔞࢖ࣖ࣍ ࣥᆺ࡬ࡢᨵⰋ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪PD ࡣឤᗘࡀపࡃ࡞ࡾග㟁⣲Ꮚࡢ᳨ ウࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ࣇ࢛ࢺࢺࣛࣥࢪࢫࢱ㸦photo transistor; PT㸧ࡣ㸪PD ࡢฟຊࢆࢺࣛࣥࢪࢫࢱ࡛ቑᖜࡍࡿ ᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪PD ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ฟຊಙྕࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ኱ࡁࡃ ྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ(7)_{ࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ឤᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡍࡂࡿࡓࡵ࡟} ᚓࡓ࠸᝟ሗ௨እࡢ୙ᚲせ࡞᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿయື࢔࣮ࢳࣇ࢓ࢡࢺ ࡶከࡃᚓ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪PT ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⪥㒊࡛ PPG ィ ྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪PT ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺࡢ⪥㒊 ⥳ග PPG ィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸪ձ⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ PPG ィ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆᨵⰋࡋ㸪ղືస୰ ࡟⥳ගࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ PR ࡜ẚ㍑ᇶ‽ ࡛࠶ࡿECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ HR ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 2. ィ ⿦⨨࡜ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ 2.1 ヨస⿦⨨ࡢᴫせ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪་⒪ᶵჾタィࡢᏳ඲ᇶ‽࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ(8)_㸪PPG ィ ⿦⨨㸪ECG ィ ⿦⨨ࢆヨసࡋࡓࠋ 2.1.1 ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥタィ ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺࡢタィࡣ㸪3 ḟඖ CAD ࢯࣇࢺ㸦solidworks, Dassault Systèmes SOLIDWORKS Corp.㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚స

ᡂࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ1㸦a㸧ཧ↷㸧ࠋ⪥ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡸᙧ࡟ࡣಶேᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡓࡵ㧗࠸ᰂ㌾ᛶࢆᣢࡘࢼ࢖ࣟࣥᶞ⬡ࡀ౑࠼ࡿ㸪3D ࣉࣜࣥࢱ 㸦ultimaker 3, Ultimaker B.V.㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺࡢヨ సࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 2.1.2 PPG ィ ⿦⨨ PPG ィ ⿦⨨ࡣ㸪ගࢭࣥࢧ㒊㸪LED 㥑ືᅇ㊰㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ቑ ᖜ࣭ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱᅇ㊰࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ගࢭࣥࢧ㒊ࡣ㸪ගࢆⓎගࡍࡿLED㸦light emitting diode㸧

࡜ཷගࡍࡿ PT ࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓎග㒊ࡣ㸪LED㸦LT Q39G㸪୰ᚰἼ㛗㸸525 nm㸧࡜ PT㸦TEMT6200FX01㸪୰ ᚰἼ㛗㸸540 nm㸧ࢆࢭࣥࢧ㒊࡜ࡋ, ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥ࡟ᅛᐃࡉࡏࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪⪥࡬ࡢᤄධ㒊ศ࡟ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢖࣮ࣖࣆ࣮ࢫ㸦AIKAQI ओ㸧ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢගࢭࣥࢧࢆヨసࡋࡓ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛㸪⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ィ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ ගࢭࣥࢧࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆヨసࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ1㸦b㸧ཧ↷㸧ࠋ⥳ගࢭࣥ ࢧ㒊ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣW: 9 mm × D: 7 mm × H: 3mm ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⥳ ගࢭࣥࢧࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࡢ㔜ࡉࡣ8.8 g ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ LED 㥑 ື 㒊 ࡣ 㸪 ࣐ ࢖ ࢡ ࣟ ࢥ ࣥ ࢺ ࣟ ࣮ ࣝ ࣘ ࢽ ࢵ ࢺ 㸦PIC24FV32KA301, Microchip Inc.㸧࠿ࡽࡢ 500 Hz ࣃࣝ

ࢫಙྕ࡟࡚LED ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࠋLED ࡢࣃࣝࢫไᚚࡣ㸪ග㔞 ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ቑᖜ࣭ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱ㒊ࡣ㸪㟁ὶ࣭㟁ᅽኚ᥮ᅇ㊰㸪ࢧࣥࣉ࣭ࣝ ࣮࣍ࣝࢻᅇ㊰㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ቑᖜ࣭ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱᅇ㊰࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋPD ࡢ㟁ὶಙྕࡣ㸪㟁ὶ࣭㟁ᅽኚ᥮ᅇ㊰࡟࡚㟁ᅽಙྕ࡟ ኚ᥮ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪ࢧࣥࣉ࣭࣮ࣝ࣍ࣝࢻᅇ㊰࡟࡚㸪࢔ࢼࣟࢢಙ ྕ࡟࡞ࡿࠋቑᖜ࣭ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱᅇ㊰ࡢ㏻㐣࿘Ἴᩘᖏᇦࡣ0.5 ~ 30 Hz ࡛࠶ࡾᅇ㊰ࢤ࢖ࣥࡣ⪥㒊 PPG ィ ⿦⨨ࡀ 500 ಸ㸪ᣦᑤ 㒊PPG ィ ⿦⨨ࡀ 150 ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ1 ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺタィ㸦ᕥഃ㸹a㸧࡜ヨసࡋࡓගࢭࣥࢧ⤌ࡳ ㎸ࡳ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸦ྑഃ㸹b㸧㸬

Fig. 1. Design of the earphone (left; a) and outline of the green light sensor earphone module (right; b).

-2.2 ⢭ᗘホ౯ヨ㦂 ヨసࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓPPG ཬࡧ ECG ࡢྠ᫬ィ ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᖖ⏕ά୰࡛㉳ࡇࡿᵝࠎ࡞ືࡁࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪࣒࢞ ࢆ ჶ ࡴ ࿪ ᄮ ㄢ 㢟 ࡜ ࢺ ࣞ ࢵ ࢻ ࣑ ࣝ 㸦Paragon E, horizon fitness Inc.㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ẁ㝵ⓗ࡟㈇ⲴࡀቑຍࡉࡏࡿṌ⾜㐠ື ㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏヨ㦂ࡣ㸪࣊ࣝࢩࣥ࢟ᐉゝࡢ⢭⚄࡟๎ࡾ㸪 ᑐ㇟⪅࡟ࡣᮏ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿ༑ศ࡞ᐇ㦂୺᪨ㄝ᫂ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ཧ ຍ࡬ࡢ௵ពᛶࢆᩥ᭩࠾ࡼࡧཱྀ㢌࡟࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ㸪᭩㠃࡟࡚ྠព ࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ 2.2.1 ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ ᐇ㦂࡟ཧຍࡋࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡣ㸪೺ᗣᡂே⏨ዪ10 ྡ㸦ᖺ㱋㸸22.9 ± 3.78 S.D. ṓ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 2.2.2 ィ ᑐ㇟㔞 PPG 䛿䠈ヨస䛧䛯࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺࡢ⥳ගࢭࣥࢧࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ㸦ᅗ 2㸦a㸧ࢆཧ↷㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ྑࡢ⪥⌔๓࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅ࡚ィ ࢆ⾜ ࡗࡓࠋECG ࡣ㸪ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࢸ࣮ࣉࢱ࢖ࣉ Ag-AgCl ࡛࠶ࡿ୕ࡘ ࡢࢹ࢕ࢫ࣏㟁ᴟ㸦M ࣅࢺ࣮ࣟࢻ, ᪥ᮏග㟁ओ㸧ࢆ⬚㒊ࡢయ ⾲㠃࡟ྲྀࡾ௜ࡅ࡚➨ϩㄏᑟἲ࡛ィ ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ྛィ ⿦⨨࠿ࡽࡢ࢔ࢼࣟࢢಙྕࡣ㸪USB ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ 16 ࣅ ࢵࢺ AD ኚ᥮ჾ㸦NI USB-6210, National Instruments Corp.㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࢹࢪࢱࣝಙྕ࡟ኚ᥮ࡋࡓࠋࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࿘

Ἴᩘࡣ1 kHz ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ィ ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣ PC ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⾲♧ࡉ

ࢀࡿ㸦LabVIEW 2017, National Instruments Corp.㸧ࠋ 2.2.3 ᐇ㦂ᡭ㡰 ィ ᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪ᐊ ࡀ⣙24.6 Υ㸪‵ᗘࡀ⣙ 45.6 %࡟ಖࡓࢀ ࡓ⚟ᒸᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ᝟ሗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ᕤᏛ⛉B7050 ࡢ༞◊ᐊࢆ౑⏝ ࡋࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡣᐇ㦂ᐊ࡟ධᐊࡋ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ㢮ࢆ⿦╔ࡋ࡚ࢺࣞ ࢵࢻ࣑ࣝୖ࡟㉳❧ࡋ࡚ᚅᶵࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪3 ศ㛫ࡢᏳ㟼ఇᜥ ࢆ⤒࡚࿪ᄮㄢ㢟࡜Ṍ⾜࣭㉮⾜㐠ື㈇Ⲵㄢ㢟ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ᣺ ືࣀ࢖ࢬࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪࿪ᄮㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚࣒࢞ࢆ ཱྀ࡟ྵࡳ㸪ᕥ1 ศ㸪ྑ 1 ศࡢྜィ 2 ศ㛫ィ ࡋࡓࠋ㐠ືㄢ 㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ Bruce ἲࢆཧ⪃࡜ࡋ(9)_{, ࢺࣞࢵࢻ࣑ࣝ࡟࡚㏿ᗘ 0} km/h࣭ഴࡁ 0 %ࡼࡾ㛤ጞࡋ㸪3 ศẖ࡟㏿ᗘࡔࡅ 2 km/h ࡎࡘ ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡁ㸪㏿ᗘ8 km/h ࡲ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 2㸦b㸧 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㏿ᗘ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࢆຍ࠼ࡿ๓㸪㐠ືᙉᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ ⿕㦂⪅ࡢ୺ほⓗ࡞ឤぬࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓᚋ㸪⿕㦂⪅ࡢពᚿ࡟ᚑࡗ ࡚㈇Ⲵቑຍࡸ୰Ṇࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㐠ື㈇Ⲵ᫬ࡢ௚ࡢ㌟యࡢືࡁ ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⿕㦂⪅ࡢྜィㄢ㢟᫬㛫 ࡣ㸪17 ศ㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 2.2.4 ࢹ࣮ࢱゎᯒ  ヨసࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ィ ࡋࡓPPG ࡟ࡣ 30 Hz ࢹࢪࢱࣝ ࣮ࣟࣃࢫࣇ࢕ࣝࢱฎ⌮㸪ECG ࡟ࡣ 50 Hz ࢹࢪࢱ࣮ࣝࣟࣃࢫ ࣇ࢕ࣝࢱฎ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከ⏝㏵⏕య᝟ሗゎᯒࣉࣟࢢ ࣒ࣛ㸦BIMUTASϩ, ࢟ࢵࢭ࢖ࢥ࣒ࢸࢵࢡओ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ྛ PPG ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽࣆ࣮ࢡⅬࢆ᳨ฟࡋ࡚ PR ࡜ HR ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ ࡓୖ㸪10 ⛊༊㛫ࡈ࡜࡟ᖹᆒ್ࢆฟࡋࡓࠋPR ࡣᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿ HR ࡜ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㸪⣔⤫ㄗᕪ㸦࠿ࡓࡼࡾ㸸bias㸧㸪 അ ↛ ㄗ ᕪ 㸦 ࡤ ࡽ ࡘ ࡁ 㸸limits of agreement㸧ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿ Bland-Altman ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ(10)_{ࠋศᯒࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪࿪ᄮ} ㄢ㢟ྛ1 ศ㸪ጞࡵࡢ 1 ศ㛫ࡣ⿦⨨ࡢග㔞ࡢㄪ⠇᫬㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ 㝖࠸ࡓ㐠ື㈇Ⲵㄢ㢟ྛ2 ศ㛫ࡎࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ PR ࡜ HR ࢆ⟬ฟࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡟ࡣ㸪࿘Ἴᩘศᯒἲࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪8 km/h ࡢ㐠ື㈇Ⲵㄢ㢟᫬ࡢ௵ព 16,384 Ⅼ㸦⣙ 16 ⛊༊㛫㸧ࡢ PPG ࡜ ECG ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㧗㏿ࣇ࣮࢚ࣜኚ᥮㸦fast Fourier transform; FFT㸧࢔ࣝࢦࣜࢬ࣒ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࿘Ἴᩘศᯒࢆ⾜ ࠸㸪ࣃ࣮࣡ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࣝᐦᗘ㸦power spectral density; PSD㸧 ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࡋࡓࠋPPG ࡢ PSD ࠿ࡽࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘࢆ᳨ฟࡋ࡚ HR ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࡜ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡲࡓ㸪HR ࿘Ἴᩘཬࡧ HR ࡢ 2 ಸ࡜3 ಸࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ࠿ࡽ୧ഃ 0.5 Hz ༊㛫ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࡢྜィࢆಙ ྕ㸪0.5 Hz ࠿ࡽ 15 Hz ࡲ࡛ࡢ࿘Ἴᩘ༊㛫࠿ࡽಙྕ༊㛫ࢆᘬ ࠸ࡓ༊㛫ࡢࣃ࣮࣡ࡢྜィࢆࣀ࢖ࢬ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡋ㸪ಙྕᑐ㞧 㡢ࡢẚ㸦signal-to-noise ratio; SNR㸧ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ 3. ⤖ᯝ ᅗ3 ࡣ㸪࿪ᄮㄢ㢟୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞⤒㐣ࢆ㎺ࡗࡓ PPG ィ ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୧ഃࡢ࿪ᄮㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⥳ගPPG ࣆ࣮ࢡ ᩘࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀⱝᖸࡢ஘ࢀࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ ᅗ3 ࿪ᄮㄢ㢟୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ྠ᫬グ㘓౛㸹ᕥࡢཱྀ⭍ෆ ࣒࢞ࢆჶࡴ㸦ᕥഃ㸹a㸧࡜ྑࡢཱྀ⭍ෆ࣒࢞ࢆჶࡴ㸦ྑഃ㸹b㸧㸬 Fig. 3. The typical recordings during chewing; left

chewing (left; a) and right chewing (right; b).

ᅗ2 ⪥⌔๓࡟࠾ࡅࡿග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴィ ࢭࣥࢧࡢ఩⨨㸦ᕥ

ഃ㸹a㸧࡜࿪ᄮ࡜Ṍ⾜ㄢ㢟ᡭ㡰㸦ྑഃ㸹b㸧㸬

Fig. 2. The photo-sensor placement on the ear (the front of the tragus) for PPG measurement (left; a),

ⲡሙ ᚿᕹ㔛㸪ᮤ ▱Ⅵ㸪⏥ᩫ ᬛᕼ㸪⚟ᮏ ᝆᩯ㸪ᒣ㉺ ೺ᘯ ࠿ࡋ㸪୍㒊ࡢ⿕㦂⪅࠿ࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢧࡢ㏫ഃ࡛࠶ࡿྑഃࡣ ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ࡟㏆࠸ᕥഃࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࣆ࣮ ࢡࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ 3 ࡣ㸪㟼Ṇ࣭Ṍ⾜࣭㉮⾜ㄢ㢟୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞⤒㐣ࢆ ㎺ࡗࡓPPG ィ ౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㟼Ṇ࣭Ṍ⾜ㄢ㢟㸦0, 2, 4 km/h㸧 ᫬ࡢ⥳ගPPG ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⬦ἼἼᙧ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡣࡗࡁ ࡾ࡜☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪㉮⾜ㄢ㢟㸦6, 8 km/h㸧᫬ࡶ⥳ග PPG ࡣ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⬦ἼἼᙧ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜☜ㄆ ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⾲1 ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ 8 km/h ࡟࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣ㸪PPG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘ࡜ ECG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘࡀ࡯ࡰ ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⿕㦂⪅ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪࿘Ἴᩘࡀ0.3 Hz ௨ୖࡎࢀ࡚ᑦ ୟࡘSNR ࡀ࣐࢖ࢼࢫ࡟࡞ࡿ⿕㦂⪅ࡶ࠸ࡓࠋ ᅗ5 ࡣ㸪⥳ග PPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ PR ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ HR ࡢ Bland-Altman plots ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㟼Ṇㄢ㢟᫬ཬࡧṌ⾜ ㄢ㢟᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ PR ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ HR ࡢ അ↛ㄗᕪ㸦ㄗᕪࡢチᐜ⠊ᅖ㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪± 3.611 bpm㸪 ±3.952 bpm ࡜ᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪㉮⾜ㄢ㢟᫬ཬࡧ࿪ᄮㄢ㢟 ᫬࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ PR ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ HR ࡢഅ↛ ㄗᕪࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪± 24.026 bpm㸪± 21.603 bpm ࡜኱ࡁ࠿ ࡗࡓࠋ ᅗ5 ヨసࡋࡓ⥳ග࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄢ㢟୰࡟ ࠾ࡅࡿග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ⬦ᢿᩘ࡜ᚰ㟁ᅗ࠿ࡽᚓࡓᚰᢿ ᩘࡢBland-Altman ゎᯒ⤖ᯝ㸬

Fig. 5. Bland-Altman plots; HR derived from ECG and PR derived from PPG on the ear using green light sensor earphone module; during chewing (a), stopping

(b), walking (c), and running (d).

⾲ 1 ⪥㒊⥳ග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⬦ᢿᩘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘

Ἴᩘ࡜ᚰ㟁ᅗ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᚰᢿᩘࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘศᯒ⤖ᯝ ཬࡧ⪥㒊⥳ග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಙྕᑐ㞧㡢ࡢẚ㸬

Table 1. Peak frequency HR derived from ECG and PR derived from PPG using green light and SNR.

PR frequency (Hz) HR frequency (Hz) SNR (dB) Sub. 01 2.625 2.625 11.195 Sub. 02 2.686 2.625 11.810 Sub. 03 2.808 2.747 13.248 Sub. 04 2.625 3.052 -3.004 Sub. 05 2.686 3.235 -3.611 Sub. 06 2.869 2.869 14.240 Sub. 07 2.747 2.625 11.831 Sub. 08 2.869 2.808 6.771 Sub. 09 2.808 2.869 3.691 Sub. 10 2.625 2.625 11.301 ᅗ4 Ṍ⾜࣭㉮⾜ㄢ㢟୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඾ᆺⓗ࡞ྠ᫬グ㘓౛㸹㟼Ṇ 0 km/h㸦a㸧㸪Ṍ⾜ 2 km/h㸦b㸧㸪Ṍ⾜ 4 km/h㸦c㸧㸪㉮⾜ 6 km/h 㸦d㸧㸪㉮⾜ 8 km/h㸦e㸧㸬

Fig. 4. The typical recordings during walking and running; 0 km/h (a), walking 2 km/h (b), walking 4 km/h (c), running 6 km/h (d), and running 8 km/h (e).

-⾲ 2 ࡣ㸪ྛㄢ㢟᫬ࡢ┦㛵ศᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㟼Ṇㄢ㢟᫬㸪Ṍ⾜࣭㉮⾜ㄢ㢟᫬ࡢ⪥㒊࡟࠾ ࡅࡿ⥳ගPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓᚰᢿᩘ࡜ᇶ‽࡛࠶ࡿ ECG ࡛ᚓ ࡽࢀࡓᚰᢿᩘࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡣᙉ࠸┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ ࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪࿪ᄮㄢ㢟᫬ࡣ୰㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ 4. ⪃ᐹ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪✺↛Ṛண㜵ࡢࡓࡵࡢࠕ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᘧ⥳ග 㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࠖࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸪యື࢔࣮ࢳ ࣇ࢓ࢡࢺࡀᑡ࡞࠸⥳ගࢭࣥࢧ࡜ᑠᆺ࡛ឤᗘࡢ㧗࠸ PT ࢆ⏝ ࠸࡚⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ィ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᑠᆺ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗ ࣝ࡟ᨵⰋࡋ㸪ືస୰࡟ィ ࡋࡓ PPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ PR ࢆ HR ࡜ẚ㍑ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ⿦⨨ࡢᑠᆺ ໬ࡣ㸪ࢭࣥࢧ㒊ࢆPD ࠿ࡽࡼࡾឤᗘࡀⰋࡃᑠᆺ࡛࠶ࡿ PT ࡟ ኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪62.5 %ᑠᆺ໬࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋ⿦⨨⮬ యࡢ㔜㔞ࡶᚑ᮶ࡢィ ⿦⨨ࡣ42.8 g ࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪௒ᅇヨసࡋ ࡓ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ⿦⨨ࡣ8.8 g ࡜ 73.4 %㍍㔞໬࡟ᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪ヨసࡋࡓ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ PPG ィ ⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⿕㦂⪅ 10 ྡ࡛ࡢィ ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᑠᆺ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㧥ࡢືࡁࡢᙳ㡪 ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿィ ୙Ⰻࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⿦⨨ ࡢᑠᆺ໬ࡢၥ㢟ࢆᨵၿࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࿪ᄮㄢ㢟᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⥳ග PPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ PR ࡣ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ HR ࡣ୰㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ ࡓ㸦⾲2 ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Bland-Altmanゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࡤ ࡽࡘࡁࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᅗ3 ࡢἼᙧࡼࡾ⥳ග PPG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ⿕㦂⪅ࡶ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ࡯ࡰࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸⿕㦂⪅ࡶᏑ ᅾࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ࿪ᄮ᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚⪥⌔๓࡟୚࠼ࡿ᣺ືࣀ࢖ ࢬ࡟ࡣಶேᕪ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⪥⌔๓࡜࠸࠺ィ  ఩⨨࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࿪ᄮㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪᣺ືࣀ࢖ࢬ࡟ࡼࡾ⥳ගPPG ࡣಶ ேᕪࡀ࠶ࡾィ ࡟ࡣ୙㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ ⪥௓๓࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⥳ග PPG ィ ࡀ⾜࠼ࡿ࡜♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⪥⌔๓ࡼࡾࡶୖ࡟Ꮡᅾࡋ㸪࿪ᄮ᫬ࡢ᣺ື ࡀࡼࡾᑡ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ⪥௓๓ࡸ⪥ࡢ௚ࡢ㒊఩࡛ࡢ࿪ᄮ ㄢ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 㟼Ṇ࣭Ṍ⾜ㄢ㢟᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⥳ගPPG ࡢἼᙧࡣ୍⯡ⓗ ࡞⬦ἼἼᙧ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࣆ࣮ࢡࡀࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪⥳ග PPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ PR ࡜ ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ HR ࡣᙉ࠸┦ 㛵ࢆࡶࡕ㸪Bland-Altmanゎᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿഅ↛ㄗᕪࡶᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㟼Ṇ᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺ ⿦⨨ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓPPG ィ ࡣᏳᐃࡋࡓィ ࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ᏻ㟼᫬ࡸືసࡀᑠࡉ࠸Ṍ⾜୰➼࡟࠾ ࠸࡚ヨసࡋࡓ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᆺPPG ィ ⿦⨨ࡣ㸪Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ㧗⢭ᗘ ࡢィ ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ㸪HR ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩ ࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉㸪㉮⾜ㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⥳ගPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ PR ࡜ECG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ HR ࡣ㸪0.7 ௨ୖࡢᙉ࠸┦㛵ࢆࡶࡘࡇ ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Bland-Altmanゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜അ↛ ㄗᕪࡣ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦±24.026 bpm㸧ࠋ≉࡟㸪8 km/h ࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࡣ㸪ECG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘ࡜⥳ග PPG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ࿘Ἴᩘࡀ࡯ ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⿕㦂⪅ࡶ㸪0.3 Hz ௨ୖᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ⿕㦂⪅ࡶ࠸ ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㉮⾜࡟ࡼࡿ᣺ືࢆィ ࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ┦㛵ಀᩘࡀ㧗࠸⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㉮⾜࡟ࡼࡿ㌟ యࡢືࡁ࡜8 km/h ࡜࠸࠺㐠ື≧ែ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 6 km/h ࡢ᫬ࡼ ࡾࡶ㈇Ⲵࡀ࠿࠿ࡾᚰᢿᩘࡀୖ᪼ࡋഅ↛୍⮴ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ6, 8 km/h ࢆྜࢃࡏࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 ᙉ࠸┦㛵㛵ಀࢆࡶࡘࡀࡇࢀࡣഅ↛࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢヨ సࡋࡓ⿦⨨ࡢ⢭ᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ Bland-Altmanゎᯒ⤖ᯝࡼࡾ㸪 ప࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㉮ ⾜≧ែ➼ࡢᙉ࠸㐠ື≧ែ࡛ࡣィ ఩⨨௜㏆ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃ᣺ືࡍ ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࢭࣥࢧ㒊࡜⓶⭵࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㝽㛫ࡀ⏕ࡌయື࢔࣮ࢳࣇ ࢓ࢡࢺࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ ࢀࡿࠋ ᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ヨసࡋࡓ⿦⨨࡟࠾࠸࡚Ᏻ㟼᫬ࡸṌ⾜᫬࡟࠾ ࠸࡚⥳ගPPG ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡀ㸪࿪ᄮ᫬ࡸ㉮⾜᫬࡞ ࡝ࡢṌ⾜᫬ࡼࡾࡶືࡁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ࡟ࡣ⢭ᗘࡀపୗࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࢀࡣィ ఩⨨௜㏆ࡀ⃭ࡋࡃ᣺ືࡍࡿࡓࡵࢭࣥࢧ㒊࡜⓶⭵ ⾲㠃࡟㝽㛫ࡀ⏕ࡌᐦ╔ឤࡀపࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪௒ᚋࡢᒎᮃ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⪥⌔๓࡟ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᐦ╔ឤ࣭ ⿦╔ឤࡢ࠶ࡿ⿦⨨࡬ࡢᨵⰋ࡜ᙉ࠸᣺ືࣀ࢖ࢬ᮲௳㸦࿪ᄮཬ ࡧ6 km/h ௨ୖࡢ㉮⾜࡞࡝㸧࡟࡚෌᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪PPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ PR ࡜ ᇶ‽໬ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ࠿ࡽ⾑ᅽ᥎ᐃࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ࠸(11)_{㸪ࡼࡾ೺ᗣ} ⟶⌮ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ ࡿࠋ 5. ⤖ゝ ⥳ཷගࢭࣥࢧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ィ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࢖ ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆヨసࡋ㸪ືస୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿPPG ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ PR ࡢ⢭ᗘホ౯ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡼࡾᑠᆺ࡛㍍㔞࡞࢖ࣖ ࣍ࣥᆺ࡟ᨵⰋ࡛ࡁ㸪ᑦୟࡘṌ⾜୰࡞࡝࡛㧗⢭ᗘPR ࣔࢽࢱࣜ ࣥࢢྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᩓṌ୰ࡸ╧╀୰࡞࡝ࡢᚰ⑌ᝈ ᝈ⪅ࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ ⾲ 2 ヨసࡋࡓ⥳ග࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࣔࢪ࣮ࣗࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚⪥㒊࡟࠾ ࡅࡿග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⬦ᢿᩘ࡜ᚰ㟁ᅗ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀ ࡓᚰᢿᩘࡢࣆ࢔ࢯࣥࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀศᯒ⤖ᯝ㸬

Table 2. Pearson’ s coefficient of correlation between HR derived from ECG and PR derived from PPG on the ear

using green light sensor earphone module.

speed r chewing (n = 40) 0 km/h 0.500** stopping (n = 40) 0 km/h 0.994*** walking (n = 120) 2, 4 km/h 0.994*** running (n = 120) 6, 8 km/h 0.737*** n = data, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001

ⲡሙ ᚿᕹ㔛㸪ᮤ ▱Ⅵ㸪⏥ᩫ ᬛᕼ㸪⚟ᮏ ᝆᩯ㸪ᒣ㉺ ೺ᘯ ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪JSPS ⛉◊㈝ 17K13024㸦ⱝᡭ◊✲㸦B㸧㸧ຓᡂ ࡜㸪ᮏᏛ᝟ሗ⛉Ꮫ◊✲ᡤࡢᖹᡂ29 ᖺᗘ◊✲㈝㸦◊✲࢖ࣥࢭ ࣥࢸ࢕ࣈไᗘ㸧ࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡟ㅰពࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ ◊✲ᡂᯝ ⲡሙᚿᕹ㔛࣭ᮤ▱Ⅵ࣭⏥ᩫᬛᕼ࣭⚟ᮏᝆᩯ࣭㜿༡㟷෪࣭ ཎ⏣ᩔᗈ࣭ᮌཎᗈክ࣭ụᑼ᫭ᇶ࣭▼ᓮ᫛ኴ࣭ᒣ㉺೺ᘯ㸸ࠕື స୰࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⬦ᢿᩘ᳨ฟࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᑠᆺ࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥᘧ⥳Ἴ㛗 ග㟁ᐜ✚⬦Ἴィ ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ㛤Ⓨࠖ㸪➨ 57 ᅇ᪥ᮏ⏕య་ᕤ Ꮫ఍኱఍㸪㸦2017㸧 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ (1) ཌ ⏕ ປ ാ ┬ (2015)  ᖹ ᡂ 27 ᖺ ே ཱྀ ື ែ ⤫ ィ ( ☜ ᐃ ᩘ ) ࡢ ᴫ ἣ (https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jinkou/kakutei15/dl/02 _kek.pdf). (2) ᑠᯘᘓ୕㑻࣭ụ⏣㝯ᚨ㸸ࠕ⹫⾑ᛶᚰ⑌ᝈ࡟క࠺ᚰᐊ୙ᩚ⬦࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣜ ࢫࢡᒙู໬࡜⸆≀⒪ἲࠖ, ➨ 30 ᅇ᪥ᮏᚰ㟁Ꮫ఍Ꮫ⾡㞟఍, Vol. 34., No. 2, pp. 98-107 (2014). (3) ⸨ἑΎ࣭࡯࠿⦅ (1998) ࠕ᪂ ⏕⌮ᚰ⌮Ꮫࠑ1 ᕳࠒ⏕⌮ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢᇶ♏ࠖ ᐑ⏣ὒ┘ಟ, ໭኱㊰᭩ᡣ.

(4) J. Lee, K. Matsumura, K. Yamakoshi, P. Rolfe, S. Tanaka, and T. Yamakoshi: “Comparison between red, green and blue light reflection photoplethysmography for heart rate monitoring during motion”, In: Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., pp. 1724-7 (2013).

(5) J. Lee, K. Matsumura, T. Yamakoshi, P. Rolfe, N. Tanaka, K. Kim, and K. Yamakoshi: “Validation of normalized pulse volume in the outer ear as a simple measure of sympathetic activity using warm and cold pressor tests: towards applications in ambulatory monitoring”, Physiol. Meas., Vol. 34, No. 3, pp. 359-75 (2013). (6) ᮤ▱Ⅵ㸪ᑠᰗ㈗ᐶ㸪 ᯇᑿຬ㍤㸪ⲡሙᚿᕹ㔛㸪 ⚟ᮏᝆᩯ㸪ᒣ㉺೺ᘯ㸪

⇕୰⑕ண㜵ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⏕య᝟ሗࢫ࣐࣮ࢺ࢖࣮ࣖࣔࢽࢱ࣮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᐇ

⏝໬࡟ྥࡅࡓ㛤Ⓨ◊✲ -࢖ࣖ࣍ࣥࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⪥㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⥳ග㟁ᐜ✚

⬦Ἴ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇶ♏᳨ウ-㸪⚟ᒸᕤᴗ኱Ꮫ◊✲ᡤᡤሗ㸪Vol.28, pp.19-24,

(2017).

(7) Stanley Electric Co., Ltd (2008) ࠕཷගࢹࣂ࢖ࢫ࡜ࡣ ືసཎ⌮ࠖ, (http://www.stanley-components.com/data/technical_note/TN014 _j.pdf).

(8) M. R. Neuman: “Biopotential amplifiers”, In: Medical instrumentation application and design, ed: J. G. Webster Vol. 4, pp. 241-92 (2009).

(9) J. Myers, N. Buchanan, D. Walsh, M. Kraemer, P. McAuley, M. Hamilton-Wessler, and V. F. Froelicher: “ Comparison of the ramp versus standard exercise protocols”, J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 1334-42 (1991).

(10) J. M. Bland and D. G. Altman: “Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement”, Lancet, Vol. 1, No. 8476, pp. 307-10 (1986).

(11) K. Matsumura, P. Rolfe, S. Toda, T. Yamakoshi: “Cuffless blood pressure estimation using only a smartphone. ” Scientific reports 8.1 (2018).

㸦ᖹᡂ30 ᖺ 8 ᭶ 31 ᪥ཷ௜㸧