⪯ἠ┫㆜Ꮥ◂✪ࠈSeisen J. Nurs. Stud., Vol. 2. pp.51-57, 2013
研究ノート
࣭࣭࢞࣠ࢺࠈ⾉㸡ᖺඡ๑㸡ẍの㸡ࡀ῟࠷㸡ᑊฌ⾔ິ
Key Words blood sampling，early infancy㸡mother㸡attendance㸡coping behavior
抄 録
⫴ᬊࠈᏄࡵࡡᶊฺ᮪⣑࡞࠽࠷࡙の࠾ࡼࡡฦ㞫ࡡ⚏Ḿ͇ㅳࢂࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡Ꮔࡵࡡ⾉ሔ㟻࡚ࡢのࡀ῟࠹᪃シ ࡢᑛ࠷⌟≟࡚࠵ࡾ㸣⾉ሔ㟻࡞のࡀ῟࠷のࡡຐࡄࢅུࡄࡒᏄࡵࡢ㸡Ꮽᚨࢅᚋࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ㸡のࡡᨥᥴࢅུࡄ ࡼ⮤ฦࡽࡡ᪁Ἢ࡚⾉࡞❟ࡔྡྷ࠾࠹ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ࡆࡿࡼࡢ࡛ࢆᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵᑊ㇗࡚࠵ ࡽ㸡のࡡᏋᅹࡡណ⩇ኬࡀ࠷ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡊࡒ◂✪ࡢᑛ࠷㸣 ┘Ⓩࠈᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡ⾉ሔ㟻࡞㸡ẍのࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㸣 ᪁Ἢࠈᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵ࡞㸡ẍのࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡ⾔ິࢅࣄࢸ࢛᧔ᙫࡊ㸡⾉⤂ᚃ㸡ẍの༖ᵋᠺⓏ㟻ࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ㸣 ⤎ᯕࠈ⾉๑ࡢ࠘⥥ᘿࢅ㧏ࡴࡾ࠙㸡࠘࿔ᅑࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘ᢤᢘࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘ㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙㸡࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙㸡࠘つࡌࡾ࠙ࡡ ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛ㸡⾉୯ࡢ࠘⥥ᘿࡡᣚ⤾࠙㸡࠘ⱖࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘ㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙㸡࠘⤂ࢅῼࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘Ꮽ ᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙㸡࠘㐅⾔ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙ࡡ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛ㸡⾉ᚃࡢ࠘⤂ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘⥥ᘿ࡛ࡄࡾ࠙㸡࠘ ㊂វࢅᚋࡾ࠙ࡡ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛฝࡈࡿࡒ㸣 ⤎ㄵࠈẍのࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࡢ㸡⾉ࡡ⤊㐛ࢅ࣒࣭ࢩࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࠷ࡒࡴ㸡ẍ のమⓏ࡞㌗మⓏよࢅᣚࡔ㸡රమⓏᑊฌ⾔ິࢅ♟ࡌࡆ࡛࡚ず㏳ࡊࢅᚋࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣ࡱࡒẍの࠾ࡼࡡ㈱㈮ࡢ㸡 Ꮔࡵࡡ⾉࡞ᑊࡌࡾ⥥ᘿវࢅ᪡࡞ゆࡂࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣Abstract
BackgroundࠈIn the “Convention on the Rights of the Child” it is prohibited to separate the child from his/her
parent㸡but the reality is that there are few facilities where the parent is in attendance when a child’s blood is being sampled㸣Children whose parents are in attendance and who receive support from their parent are able to feel secure and endure the blood sampling in their own way㸣However㸡this usually applies to children in late infancy㸡 and there are few studies regarding early infancy where the parent’s presence is of great significance.
ObjectiveࠈThe objective was to clarify the coping behavior of children in early infancy when the mother was in
attendance during blood sampling.
MethodsࠈWe recorded video footage of children in early infancy whose mothers were in attendance during
blood sampling and then held semi-structured interviews with the mothers.
Results/DiscussionࠈBefore blood sampling㸡6 categories including [increase in tension]㸡[checking
surroundings]㸡[resisting]㸡[following instructions]㸡[desiring security]㸡[being prepared] in addition to 10 subcategories were extracted㸣During blood sampling㸡6 categories including [continued tension]㸡[expressing pain]㸡[following instructions]㸡[anticipating completion]㸡[desiring comfort]㸡[checking progress] in addition to 11 subcategories were extracted㸣After blood sampling 3 categories including [verifying completion]㸡[relief of tension]㸡[feeling satisfied] in addition to 7 subcategories were extracted.
ConclusionsࠈIn the coping behavior of children in early infancy whose mother is in attendance㸡the mother
can proactively maintain physical contact and offer the child an outlook by demonstrating specific coping behavior because the child cannot picture the blood sample process㸣Further㸡praise from the mother can relieve the child’s tension at an early stage.
母親が付き添った場合の幼児前期の子どもの採血に対する対処行動の分析
Analysis of Early Infants Behavior During Blood Sampling with Mothers Presence.
ᖲ⏛ࠈ⨶⣎
㸞㸟㸡
Ὦ㒋ࠈ༐ᖶ
㸞㸡㕝ᮄࠈ⨶ఫ
㸞㸡ཿᰬࠈࡥࢀࡲ
㸞㸡ᮿಲࠈ࡛ࡻࡲ
㸞Miki Hirata㸡Chiyuki Ryugo㸡Misa Suzuki㸡Hiromi Kokabu㸡Toyomi Matsukura
㸞⪯ἠኬᏕ┫㆜Ꮥ㒂ࠈSchool of Nursing㸡Seisen University
㸞⁘㈙┬❟ኬᏕெ㛣┫㆜Ꮥ㒂ࠈSchool of Human Nursing㸡The University of Shiga Prefecture 㸞⁘㈙┬❟ᑚඡಕ༈⒢ࢬࣤࢰ࣭ࠈShiga Medical Center for Children
㸟E-mail㸯[email protected]
Ϩ㸣⥬ࠈゕ
ࠈᠻᅗᏄࡵࡡᶊฺ᮪⣑࡞ᢀࡊࡒ ᖳ௧ 㜾㸡ᑚඡ┫㆜㡷ᇡ࡚ࡢ༈⒢ฌ⨠ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡ ┫㆜ࡡ㛭ᚨ㧏ࡱࡽ㸡㎾ᖳ࡚ࡢ㝌ࢅུタࡌࡾ Ꮔࡵࡡኣࡂ⤊㥺ࡌࡾ⾉࡞㛭ࡌࡾሒ࿈ቌຊ ലྡྷ࡞࠵ࡾ㸣Ꮔࡵུࡄࡾ⾉࡞࠽࠷࡙ヾ▩Ⓠ 㐡ᮅ⇅ᖺඡࡢ㸡㟸ᖏⓏ⾉࡞ᑊࡊ࡙Ꮽ⪯ἠ┫㆜Ꮥ◂✪ࠈ㸧ᕬ㸝㸞
ࡵ࡞ሒࢅ࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡ᛟ࠷㸡࠷࡛࠷ࡖࡒ Ꮔࡵࡡᛦ࠷ࢅ⾪⌟ࡈࡎࡾࡆ࡛㸡の࡛ฦ㞫ࡊ࠷ ࡆ࡛㔔こ࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝Tompson & Stanford
㸝ズ㸡㔕ᮟ㸞㸡㸞㸣ࡱࡒᮇ┫㆜༝ఌࡢࠔᑚඡ ┫㆜㡷ᇡࡡᴏຸᇱ‵ࠕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࠔᑚඡ┫㆜㡷ᇡ࡚ ≁࡞⏻ណࡌࡀᏄࡵࡡᶊฺ࡛ᚪこ┫㆜⾔Ⅵࠕ ࡛ࡊ࡙͆の࠾ࡼࡡฦ㞫ࡡ⚏Ḿ͇ࢅᣪࡅ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣 ࠈࡊ࠾ࡊ༈⒢ฌ⨠ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵ࡞ᑊࡌࡾのࡡ ࡀ῟࠷ࡡᐁឺㄢᰕ㸝㕝ᮄࡼ㸡㸞࡚ࡢ㸡Ꮔࡵ ࡞のࡀ῟࠹᪃シࡢ࡛ᑛ࠷ࡆ࡛ሒ࿈ࡈ ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣⾉ࡡ༈⒢ฌ⨠ሔ㟻࡚ࡢ㸡のࡢᏄ ࡵ࠾ࡼ㞫ࡈࡿ㸡ᏄࡵࡡᵕᏄࢂ࠾ࡼ࠷࡛࠷ ࠹Ꮽࢅᢢࡀࡼࡵ༈⒢⩽ࡡᣞ♟࡞ᚉࢂࡉࡾࢅ ࠻࠷㸝ᓞࡼ㸡㸰⸀ᮇ㸡㸞㸡のࡢᏄ ࡵࡡ⾉ࡡࡀ῟࠷ࢅᕵ᭻ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝㛣ᒜࡼ㸡 㸞㸣ࡱࡒ㸡⾉ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵࡢの࡞ຐࡄࢅị ࡴ࡙࠽ࡽ㸝Ṃ⏛ࡼ㸡 a㸞㸡の࠾ࡼࡡຐࡄࢅུࡄࡾ ࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽᏭᚨᚋࡼࡿࡾ㸝ྚ⏛㸡㕝ᮄ㸡 a㸰 ⣵㔕ࡼ㸡 㸰୕ࡼ㸡a㸰ఫ⸠ࡼ㸡㸞ࡆ ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡖ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣㟸ᖏⓏ⾉ሔ㟻࡚ࡢᏄ ࡵ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙のࡡᏋᅹࡢኬࡀࡂ㸡◂✪⩽ࡼ⾉ࢅ ུࡄࡾᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵ࡛㸡⾉࡞ྜྷᖆࡊࡒのࢅ ᑊ㇗࡞⾔ࡖࡒㄢᰕ࡞࠽࠷࡙ࡵ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢのࡡᨥᥴ ࢅུࡄࡼ⮤ฦࡽࡡ᪁Ἢ࡚⾉࡞❟ࡔྡྷ࠾࠻ ࡾࡆ࡛᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒ㸝ᖲ⏛ࡼ㸡a㸞㸣Ꮔࡵ ࡢฝ⏍ᚃ㸡ẍの࡛ࡡࡷࡽ࡛ࡽ࠾ࡼẍᏄ㛭౿ࢅᙟᠺ ࡊ㸡ᠺ㛏࡛࡛ࡵ࡞ẍの࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿ࡙࠷ࡂ㸡༱ᶭⓏ ≟Ἓୖ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡ᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵࡢẍのࢅᚪこ ࡛ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࡻࡽ㸡ᖳ㱃࠷㸡ࡻࡽのࡡᏋᅹ ࡡណ⩇ኬࡀ࠷ࡡ࡚ࡢ࠷࠾࡛⩻࠻ࡒ㸣 ࠈࡐࡆ࡚㸡ᮇ◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡 㹳 ṋࡡᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄ ࡵ㸝௧ୖᏄࡵ࡛ࡌࡾ㸞࡞Ⅴࢅᙔ࡙㸡ẍの ࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡ㸡⾉ሔ㟻࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡᑊ ฌ⾔ິࢅ᪺ࡼ࠾࡞ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ࢅ┘Ⓩ࡛ࡌࡾ㸣
ϩ㸣◂✪᪁Ἢ
⏕ㄊࡡᏽ⩇
ᖺඡ๑㸯ᏄࡵࡡⓆ㐡ṹ㝭࡞࠽ࡄࡾ༇ฦࡡ୯࡚ ࡢṋ㹳 ṋࡱ࡚ࡡᏄࡵ࡛ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸡ᮇ◂ ✪࡚ࡢ 㹳 ṋඡࢅᑊ㇗࡛ࡌࡾ㸣 ⾉㸯࣭ࣝࣜ࢟᳠ᰕ┘Ⓩ࡚⾔ࢂࡿࡾ㸡ḿ୯㟴⬞ ࡞⩴≟㔢ࢅ⏕࠷ࡒ⾉㸦㸣◂✪ᑊ㇗
ࠈA┬හࡡᏄࡵᑍ㛓㝌࡞࠽࠷࡙࣭ࣝࣜ࢟አ ᮮࢅུタࡊ㸡⾉ࢅུࡄࡾᏽࡡṋ⏠ඡྞ㸝A ࡔࡶࢆ㸞㸡ዥඡྞ㸝Bࡔࡶࢆ㸞㸡ṋ࢜᭮ዥඡྞ㸝C ࡔࡶࢆ㸞࠽ࡻࡦࡐࡡẍのࢅ◂✪ᑊ㇗࡛ࡊࡒ㸣㸧㸣ㄢᰕ㛣
ࠈㄢᰕ㛣ࡢ㸡ᖲᠺᖳ᭮㹳ᖲᠺᖳ᭮ࡱ࡚ ࡛ࡊࡒ㸣ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᑊ㇗⩽ࡡㄢᰕࡢṋዥඡ ᖲᠺᖳ᭮㸡ṋ࠾᭮ዥඡᖲᠺᖳ᭮㸡 ṋ⏠ඡᖲᠺᖳ࡚᭮࠵ࡾ㸣㸨㸣⾉᪁Ἢ
ࠈ⾉ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵ࡛ẍの࡞㸡ฌ⨠ᐄථᐄࡌ ࡾ๑࡞ࡀ῟࠷ࡡᕵ᭻ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ㸣ᮇ◂✪ࡡᑊ㇗ ⩽ࡢࡌ࡙ࡀ῟࠷ࢅᕵ᭻ࡊࡒ㸣ฌ⨠ᐄ࡞ࡢኬெ ⏕ࡡᏄ࡛ࢦࢺࢷ࣭ࣇࣜ࡞࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭DVD ࡷ࠽ࡵࡔࡶ㒼⨠ࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ẍのࡢ⫴ࡵࡒࡿࡡ ࠵ࡾᏄ࡞ᗑࡽ㸡Ꮔࡵ࡛ྡྷࡀྙ࠹ࡻ࠹࡞ࡊ࡙⭰ ࡞ᗑࡼࡎ㸡Ꮔࡵࡡ⫢ࡡ୕࠾ࡼ⭆ࢅᅂࡊ࡙ᢢࡀ㸡 Ꮔࡵࡢ✰ๆഁࡡ⭆ࢅẍのࡡ⭆ࡡୖ࠾ࡼ⾉ྋ࡞ ఘࡣࡌ㸣⾉ࡡ✰ๆ࠽ࡻࡦຐࡢࡐࡿࡑࡿ┫㆜ᖅ ⾔࠹㸣ᢜ㔢ᚃ࡞ࡢ㸡࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭ᥝ࠾ࡿࡒ⤆ ⭧ࢅḾ⾉ࡡࡒࡴ࡞㈖ࡌࡾ㸣㸩㸣ㄢᰕ᪁Ἢ
ࠈ⾉ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵ࡛ẍのฌ⨠ᐄ࡞ථᐄࡌࡾ ࡛ࡆࢀ࠾ࡼ㸡⾉ࢅུࡄ㸡㏝ᐄࡌࡾࡱ࡚ࡡሔ㟻ࢅ㸡 Ꮔࡵ⾉ࢅུࡄࡾ㝷࡞♟ࡌ⾔ິࡷ⾪ࢅリ⣵ ࡞ㄢᰕࡊ㸡⛂༟న࡚⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ࡙ฦᯊ࡚ࡀࡾࣄࢸ࢛ びᐳࢅ⏕࠷ࡾࡒࡴ㸡◂✪⩽ྞࣄࢸ࢛࡞㘋⏤ࡊ ࡒ㸣⾉⤂ᚃ㸡ẍの࠾ࡼᏄࡵࡡ⾉࡞ᑊࡌ ࡾㄕ᪺㸡࠽ࡻࡦᏄࡵࡡ㐛ཡࡡ⾉⤊㥺ࡷཬᚺ࡞ ࡗ࠷࡙ฦ⛤ᗐࡡ༖ᵋᠺⓏ㟻ࢅ⾔ࡖࡒ㸣㸪㸣⌦Ⓩ㒼៎
ࠈᮇ◂✪ࡢ᪺ᅗ㝷༈⒢ኬᏕ◂✪⌦ጟဤఌ࡞࠽ ࠷࡙ᢆヾࢅᚋࡒ㸝ᢆヾ␊ྒ ࠈᖲᠺᖳ᭮ᢆ ヾ㸞㸣ᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒᏄࡵ࡛ẍの࡞ࡢ◂✪ࡡ┘Ⓩ ࡛᪁Ἢ㸡◂✪ཤຊ࠽ࡻࡦ㏭୯㎙㏝ࡢ⮤⏜࡚࠵ࡾࡆ ࡛㸡㏭୯㎙㏝࡞ࡻࡾ⒢୕ࡡฺ─ࡢ⿍ࡼ࠷ࡆ ࡛㸡ெሒࡡ༌ྞᛮ࠽ࡻࡦெ≁ᏽ࡚ࡀ࠷Seisen J. Nurs. Stud., Vol. 2. 2013 ࡻ࠹ࢸ࣭ࢰฌ⌦ࢅ⾔࠹ࡆ࡛㸡ᚋࡼࡿࡒሒࡢ◂✪ ௧አ࡞⏕ࡊ࠷ࡆ࡛࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ㄕ᪺ࡊ㸡ẍの࠾ࡼ ྜྷណ࠽ࡻࡦㅑࢅᚋࡒ㸣
㸫㸣ฦᯊ᪁Ἢ
ࠈ㘋⏤ࡊࡒࣄࢸ࢛ࢅ◂✪⩽ࡼ≺⮤࡞షᠺࡊࡒエ 㘋⏕⣤࡞Ꮔࡵ㸡ẍの㸡┫㆜ᖅࡡゕິࢅ⛂༟న ࡚エ㘋ࡊ㸡⏤ാࢅ☔ヾࡊࡼ⣵࠾⾪ࡡን ࢅ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ☔ヾࡊࡒ㸣⾉ሔ㟻ࢅථᐄ࠾ࡼ✰ๆࡱ ࡚ࢅ㸱⾉๑㸳㸡✰ๆ࠾ࡼᢜ㔢ࡱ࡚ࢅ㸱⾉୯㸳㸡 ᢜ㔢࠾ࡼ㏝ᐄࡱ࡚ࢅ㸱⾉ᚃ㸳ࡡṹ㝭࡞ฦࡄ㸡 ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᏄࡵࡡゕິࢅࣆ࣭ࣝࢫࡇ࡛࡞ࢤ࣭ࢺ ࡊ㸡㢦జᛮ࡞ᇱࡘ࠷࡙ࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛ㸡࢜ࢷࢥ ࣭ࣛ࡞ᩒ⌦ࡊࡐࡡណ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⩻ᐳࡊࡒ㸣ࢸ࣭ࢰ 㞗࠾ࡼฦᯊࡱ࡚ࡡ㐛⛤ࢅᑚඡ┫㆜Ꮥᑍ㛓㡷ᇡࡡ ◂✪⩽ཀྵࡦ⮣ᗃ⤊㥺ᖳ௧୕࠵ࡾ┫㆜ᖅ࡛࡛ࡵ ࡞⾔ࡖࡒ㸣᧔ᙫᢇ⾙࡛ฦᯊ⢥ᗐࢅ㧏ࡴࡾࡒࡴౚ ࡡങㄢᰕࡡฦᯊࢅ⾔࠷㸡ฦᯊ࡞࠵ࡒࡖ࡙ࡢࣄࢸ ࢛ࢅ⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ්⏍ࡊ㸡Ꮔࡵ⾉ࢅུࡄࡾ㝷࡞ ♟ࡌ⾔ິࡷࢂࡍ࠾⾪ࡡንࡡណࡡゆ㔐 ࡞ຑࡴࡒ㸣Ϫ㸣⤎ࠈᯕ
㸦㸣ᑊ㇗⩽ࡡ⫴ᬊ
ࠈᑊ㇗࡛ࡖࡒᏄࡵࡡᮇㄢᰕࡱ࡚ࡡ⾉⤊㥺ࡢ㸡 Aࡔࡶࢆ㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢᅂ௧୕㸡Cࡔࡶࢆࡢิᅂ࡚࠵ ࡖࡒ㸣Cࡔࡶࢆࡢἵࡀࡼẍの࡞ᢢ࠾ࡿ࡙ථᐄ ࡊ㸡Aࡔࡶࢆ㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢẍの࡞ࡗ࠷࡙Ṅ࠷࡙ථᐄ ࡊࡒ㸣ථᐄ࠾ࡼ㏝ᐄࡱ࡚ࡡ㛣ࡢ 㹳 ฦ࡚࠵ࡖࡒ㸣㸧㸣⾉࡞ẍのࡀ῟࠹ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵ
ࠈࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ
ࠈ⾉࡞ẍのࡀ῟࠹ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ ⾔ິ࡞ࡗ࠷࡙⾪࡞♟ࡌ㸣௧ୖ㸡ẍのࡀ῟ࡖ ࡙⾉ࢅུࡄࡒᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࢅ㸡 ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛࡢ࠘ࠈ࠙㸡ࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛࡢࠖࠈ࡚ࠗ エ㍍ࡌࡾ㸣 㸦㸞⾉๑ࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ ࠈ⾉๑ࡢ࠘⥥ᘿࢅ㧏ࡴࡾ࠙㸡࠘࿔ᅑࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙㸡 ࠘ᢤᢘࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘ㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙㸡࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙㸡࠘つ ࡌࡾ࠙ࡡ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛ㸡ࠖ⥥ᘿវቌࡌࠗ㸡ࠖ⮤ ฦࡡ࿔ᅑࢅずᅂࡌࠗ㸡ࠖరࢅࡈࡿࡾ࠾☔ヾࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖ࢞ ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭DVDࢅずࡾࠗ㸡ࠖゕⴝࡷ⾔ິ࡚ᢤᢘࢅ ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖẍ࡞ಀࡈࡿ࡙࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭DVD࡞ ┘ࢅྡྷࡄࡾࠗ㸡ࠖ┫㆜ᖅࡡㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ㸡ࠖẍのࡡㄇ ᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ㸡ࠖẍの࡞㌗మⓏよࢅịࡴࡾࠗ㸡ࠖ✰ๆ ࢅゆࡌࡾࠗࡡࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛฝࡈࡿࡒ㸣 ࠈẍの࡛࡛ࡵ࡞Ṅ࠷࡙ฌ⨠ᐄථᐄࡊࡒA㸡Bࡔࡶ ࢆࡢࡹࡖࡂࡽ㒂ᒁࡡ୯ࢅずᅂࡊ㸡ᢰᙔࡌࡾ┫㆜ᖅ ࡷ࿔ᅑ࡞⨠࠾ࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ⾉ࡡ∸ဗࢅずࡾࠖ⮤ ฦࡡ࿔ᅑࢅずᅂࡌࠗ⾔ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡱࡒ㸡┫㆜ ᖅA㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡡ⭆࡞よࡿࡾ࡛ࡌࡣࡷࡂ┫㆜ᖅ࡞ ᣚࡒࡿࡒ⭆ࢅずࡒࡽ㸡㥉⾉ᖈᕬ࠾ࡿࡾࡡࢅずࡾ 㸡┫㆜ᖅࡡ⾔ິ࡞┘ࢅྡྷࡄ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ୌ᪁Cࡔ ࡶࢆࡢࠔ࠽ヨࡓࡄ㸴ࠕ࡛⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊ࡙ẍの࡞⪲ࡂ 㸡⮤ฦ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ࠖరࢅࡈࡿࡾ࠾☔ヾࡌࡾࠗ⾔ິ ࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡱࡒධ࡙ࡡᑊ㇗⩽ࡢࢦࢺࢷ࣭ࣇࣜ ࡞‵ങࡈࡿࡒࠖ࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ࣭DVDࢅずࡾࠗ࠘࿔ ᅑࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙ᵕᏄずࡼࡿࡒ㸣┫㆜ᖅ⾉ࡡ ‵ങࢅ㐅ࡴ࡙࠷ࡂ࡛㸡A㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡡ┩ࡷཾඔ మ࡞ງථࡽࠖ⥥ᘿវቌࡌࠗࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ࠘⥥ᘿ ࢅ㧏ࡴࡾ࠙ᵕᏄࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣Bࡔࡶࢆࡡẍのࡢ Ꮔ࡞ᗑࡾ࡛ྜྷ࡞Ꮔࡵࡡ㢄ࢅ᧑࡚㸡㐛ཡࡡ⾉ ⤊㥺࡞ࡗ࠷࡙ࠔࡂ࠾ࡖࡒࡠࠕ࡛ゕⴝࢅ࠾ ࡄ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣Cࡔࡶࢆࡢࠔ࠷ࡷ㹳ࠕ࡛ゕ࠷ࡼኬ ኇ࡚ἵࡀ㸡ẍのࢅ྄ࡂࠖゕⴝࡷ⾔ິ࡚ᢤᢘࢅ ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗࡆ࡛࠾ࡼ࠘ᢤᢘࡌࡾ࠙⾔ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣 ࡐࡡ㛣㸡Cࡔࡶࢆࡡẍのࡢࡊࡖ࠾ࡽᏄࡵࢅᢢࡀ㸡 ⫴୯ࢅࢹࣤࢹ྄࡛ࣤ࠷࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ࡐࡿࡑࡿࡡᏄࡵ ࡡẍのࡢ㸡Ꮔࡵ⾉ࡡ㐅⾔ࢅずࡾ㸡࠵ࡾ࠷ࡢ ኬኇ࡚ἵࡂ࡛㸡DVDࡡ᪁ྡྷࢅྡྷࡂࡻ࠹࡞ゕⴝࢅ࠾ ࡄ⤾ࡄࡒࡽ㸡ᡥ࡚Ꮔࡵࡡ㢞ࢅDVDࡡ᪁ྡྷ࡞ྡྷࡄ ࡻ࠹࡛ࡊ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢࠖẍの࡞ಀࡈࡿ࡙࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ ࣭DVD࡞┘ࢅྡྷࡄࡾࠗᵕᏄࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡱࡒ┫ ㆜ᖅࡢࡌ࡙ࡡᏄࡵ࡞⾉ࡡ㐅⾔ࢅㄕ᪺ࡊ ࡼ‵ങࢅ㐅ࡴ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢࠖ┫㆜ᖅࡡㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ ࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡┫㆜ᖅࡡಀࡊ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙⌦ゆ࡚ࡀ࡙࠷࠷ Ꮔࡵ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ẍの⭆ࢅ⾉ྋ࡞ఘࡣࡊ㸡Ꮔ ࡵࡢࠖẍのࡡㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ࠘ㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙⾔ ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡈࡼ࡞ࠔ࠷ࡷ㹳ࠕ࡛⾪⌟ࡌࡾCࡔ ࡶࢆ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ẍのࡢࠔ࠷ࡷࡓࡻࡠࠕࠔ᪡ࡂ⤂ࢂࡽࡒ ࠷ࡻࡠࠕ࡛ゕⴝࢅ࠾ࡄࡼ⫴୯ࢅࢹࣤࢹ྄࡛ࣤ ࡀ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢẍのࡡ⬒࡞㢞ࢅࡗࡄ࡙ἵࡂࠖẍの࡞ ㌗మⓏよࢅịࡴࡾࠗ࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙⾔ິ ࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣✰ๆ㎾ࡘࡂ࡛&ࡔࡶࢆࡢࠔ᪡ࡂ㹳ࠕ ࡛ゕࡖࡒࡽ㸡A㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢ┫㆜ᖅࡡࠔࢆࡣࢀ࠹ ࠕࡡゕⴝ࠾ࡄ࡞㢌ࡀࠖ✰ๆࢅゆࡌࡾࠗ࠘つ ࡌࡾ࠙⾔ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡆࡡẍのࡢ㸡✰ๆࡡ ࢰ࣐ࣤࢡࢅྙࢂࡐ࠹࡛✰ๆ㒂నࢅず࡙࠷ࡒ㸣 ẍのࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡ⾉࡞ᑊࡌࡾᑊฌ⾔ິࡡฦᯊ⪯ἠ┫㆜Ꮥ◂✪ࠈ㸧ᕬ㸝㸞 ᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙㸡࠘⤂ࢅῼࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙㸡 ࠘㐅⾔ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙ࡡ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛ㸡ࠖమ࡞ງࢅ ථࡿࡾࠗ㸡ࠖち⥲ᏽࡱࡼ࠷ࠗ㸡ࠖࡲࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗ㸡 ࠖ᎒Ẵᣚࡔࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖమࢅິ࠾ࡈࡍࡋࡖ࡛ ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࠗ㸡ࠖẍのࡡㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ㸡ࠖず㏳ࡊࢅᚋࡾࠗ㸡 ࠖẍの࡞㌗మⓏよࢅịࡴࡾࠗ㸡ࠖẍの࡞ຐࡄࢅị ࡴࡾࠗ㸡ࠖరࢅࡈࡿ࡙࠷ࡾ࠾┘࡚☔ヾࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖ㐅⾔ ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࠗࡡࢦࣇ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭ࣛฝࡈࡿࡒ㸣 ࠈ✰ๆ├ᚃࡢCࡔࡶࢆࡢࣅࢠࢴ࡛ࠖమ࡞ງࢅථࡿ ࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡Aࡔࡶࢆࡢち⥲ࢅࡹࡖࡂࡽິ࠾ࡊࡒ ࡽ࢞ࣘࣞ࢞ࣘࣞࡌࡾࠖち⥲ᏽࡱࡼ࠷ࠗࡆ ࡛࠾ࡼ࠘⥥ᘿᣚ⤾ࡌࡾ࠙ᵕᏄࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣A㸡 Bࡔࡶࢆࡡẍのࡢ㸡✰ๆࡡࢰ࣐ࣤࢡ࡞ྙࢂࡎ࡙ ᢢࡖࡆࡡງࢅᙁࡴࡒࡽ㸡✰ๆ├ᚃ࠾ࡼࠔ࠽ࡔࡶ ࢆ࡞ࡖࡒࡠࠕ࡛「ࡴ⤾ࡄ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣Cࡔࡶࢆࡢࠔ ࠷㹳ࠕ࡛ゕ࠷⤾ࡄ㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢἵࡀࡓࡊࠖࡲࢅ ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷࠖ᎒Ẵᣚࡔࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࠗ࠘ⱖ ࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ࡱࡒ㸡Aࡔࡶ ࢆࡢẍの࡞ᢢ࠾ࡿ࡙ࠖమࢅິ࠾ࡈࡍࡋࡖ࡛ࡊ࡙࠷ ࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡A㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢẍの࡞ಀࡈࡿ࢞ࣔࣚ ࢠࢰ࣭DVDࢅࡲ࡙ࠖẍのࡡㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹ࠗ࠘ㄇ ᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ἵࡀ⤾ࡄࡾCࡔࡶ ࢆ࡞┫㆜ᖅᩐࢅ၌࠻ࡾࡻ࠹ಀࡌ࡛㸡Cࡔࡶࢆࡢ ࠾ࡼࡱ࡚ࡡᩐࢅ၌࠻ጙࡴࠖず㏳ࡊࢅᚋࡾࠗ ࠘⤂ࢅῼࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ẍのࡵ ἵ࠷࡙࠷ࡾᏄࡵ࡞ࢂ࠾ࡾࡻ࠹࡞ࠔ၌࠻ࡒࡼ⤂ ࢂࡾࡻࠕ࡛ㄕ᪺ࡊమⓏ࡞Ꮔࡵ࡛ୌ⥬࡞ᩐ࠻࡙ ࠷ࡒ㸣✰ๆ⤂ࢂࡾࡱ࡚ࡌ࡙ࡡᏄࡵࡢẍの࡞ ᢢࡀࡗࡀࠖẍの࡞㌗మⓏよࢅịࡴࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡 Cࡔࡶࢆࡢࠔ࠽࠾࠵ࡈ࣭ࢆࠕ࡛ࡦࠖẍの࡞ຐࡄ ࢅịࡴࡾࠗ࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙⾔ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣 ࡌ࡙ࡡẍのࡢࠔ࠵࡛ࡵ࠹ࡔࡺࡖ࡛ࠕࡷࠔࡂ ࠷ࡷࢀࠕ࡛Ꮔࡵࡡ㢞ࢅず࡙ゕⴝࢅ࠾ࡄ࡙࠷ ࡒ㸣A㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢ✰ๆ㒂నࢅࡋࡖ࡛ず࡙ࠖరࢅ ࡈࡿࡾ࠾┘࡚☔ヾࡌࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡Cࡔࡶࢆࡢࠔࡵ ࠹⤂ࢂࡖࡒ㸴ࠕ࡛࠘㐅⾔ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣 㸨㸞⾉ᚃࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ ࠈ⾉ᚃࡢ࠘⤂ࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙㸡࠘⥥ᘿ࡛ࡄࡾ࠙㸡 ࠘㊂វࢅᚋࡾ࠙ࡡ࢜ࢷࢥ࣭࡛ࣛࠖ┘࡚ず࡙⤂ࢂ ࡽࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖẍの࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿࡾࠗ㸡ࠖẴᣚࢅⓆᩋ ࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖᏭᚨࡌࡾࠗ㸡ࠖ⾉௧አ࡞㛭ᚨࢅ♟ࡌࠗ㸡ࠖ ࠈᢜ㔢ᚃࡢࠔ⤂ࢂࡖࡒࡻࠕࡡゕⴝࢅ⪲ࡂ࡛㸡ࡌ ࡙ࡡᏄࡵࡢẍのࡡ⬒࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿ࡙✰ๆ㒂నࢅずࡾ ࠖ┘࡚ず࡙⤂ࢂࡽࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾࠗ࠘⤂ࢅ☔ヾ ࡌࡾ࠙⾔ິࡲࡼࡿࡒ㸣ࡱࡒẍのࡢᢢࡖࡆࡊ࡙࠷ ࡒᡥࢅ⥾ࡴ࡙ࡵ㸡⫴୯ࢅࢹࣤࢹ྄࡛ࣤࡂࡆ࡛ࡢ⤾ ࡄ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣ࡐࡡᚃAࡔࡶࢆࡢ㸡ẍのࡡ⭰࠾ࡼ㜾ࡽ ࡙ࠖẍの࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿࡾࠗࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡Bࡔࡶࢆࡢἵࡂ ࠖẴᣚࢅⓆᩋࡌࡾࠗᵕᏄずࡼࡿࡒ㸣Cࡔࡶࢆ ࡢࠔ⤂ࢂࡖࡒ㹳ࠕ࡛࿔ᅑ࡞࠷ࡾ┫㆜ᖅఎ࠻ࠖᏭ ᚨࡌࡾࠗᵕᏄࡷ㸡ࡱࡒA㸡Cࡔࡶࢆࡢ࢞ࣔࣚࢠࢰ ࣭DVD࡞㞗୯ࡊࡒࡽ㸡Ḿ⾉⏕ࡡ⤆⭧ࢅ㐽ࡩ ࠖ⾉௧አ࡞㛭ᚨࢅ♟ࡌࠗࡆ࡛࡚࠘⥥ᘿ࡛ࡄ ࡾ࠙ᵕᏄずࡼࡿࡒ㸣ẍのࡢᢜ㔢├ᚃ࠾ࡼᏄࡵ ࡡ㢄ࢅ᧑࡚ࡼ㸡ࠔࢆࡣࡖࡒࡠࠕࠔ࠻ࡼ࠾ࡖࡒ ࡠࠕ࡛「ࡴ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣Cࡔࡶࢆࡢ㟻ࡡ➏㢞࡞ࡽ ⮤ฦ࡚ࡵࠔࢆࡣࡖࡒ㹳ࠕ࡛ᢷᡥࢅࡊ࡙㐡ᠺវࢅ ᚋࡾࡆ࡛࡚࠘㊂វࢅᚋࡾ࠙ᵕᏄずࡼࡿࡒ㸣
ϫ㸣⩻ࠈᐳ
㸦㸣⾉๑࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ
ࠈPiaget㸝 㸞ࡢᖺඡ๑ࡡヾ▩Ⓠ㐡ࢅࠔ๑ᴣ ᛍᛦ⩻ṹ㝭ࠕ࡛♟ࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡻ࠹࡞㸡∸ࡡᴣᛍ ࡚ࡀࡍ⮤ᕤ୯ᚨⓏᛦ⩻ṹ㝭࡚࠵ࡾ㸣ࡊࡒࡖ ࡙⮤ฦࡡ࣒࣭ࢩ࠾ࡼ∸ࢅゆ㔐ࡌࡾࡒࡴᏭ ⏍ࡋࡷࡌ࠷࡚࠵ࡾ㸣Ꮔࡵࡢ㸡⾉ሔ㟻࡛࠷ ࠹㟸ᖏⓏ⎌ሾ࡞࠽࠷࡙࠘࿔ᅑࢅ☔ヾࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ࡆࡿ࠾ࡼ㉫ࡆࡾࡆ࡛ࡡᚨࡡ‵ങ࡞ࡗ ࡅ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣༈⒢ฌ⨠ࢅུࡄࡾᏄࡵ㸡ࡆࡿ࠾ ࡼ⾔ࢂࡿࡾࡆ࡛࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ᚨ⌦ⓏΊࢅࡀࡒࡈ࠷ ࡒࡴ࡞ࡵ㸡ḿ☔ሒࢅᚋࡾࡆ࡛ᚪこ࡚࠵ࡽ㸝⏛ ୯㸡㸞㸡Ꮔࡵฌ⨠ᐄࡷ⾉∸ဗࢅずࡾࡆ ࡛࡞ຊ࠻㸡ẍのゕⴝࢅ῟࠻ࡾࡆ࡛ࡢᚨ⌦Ⓩ‵ങ ࡞ࡗࡾ࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣 ࠈୌ᪁㸡⾉㐅⾔ࡌࡾ࡛Ꮔࡵࡢ࠘⥥ᘿࢅ㧏ࡴ ࡾ࠙ࡱࡒࡢ࠘ᢤᢘࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡Ꮽࡷᜅᛟ ࡡᚨ⌦ⓏΊ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙⮤ᕤࢅ㜭⾠ࡊ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣 ⾔◂✪㸝Ṃ⏛㸡 b㸞࡚ࡢ㸡Ⓠ㐡ṹ㝭ื࡞ࡻ ࡾ⾉๑ࡡ⮤ᕤ㜭⾠⾔ິࡢ㸡ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡻ ࡽ㸡ᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵ࡞ኣࡂࡲࡼࡿ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡Ⓠ㐡 㐅ࡳ࡞ࡗࡿ⾔ິኣᵕࡊ࡙࠷ࡾ㸣ࡌࢂࡔ㸡 ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡢ⾔ິ⏤ୌⓏ࡚࠵ࡾࡒࡴ㸡ᚨ ⌦ⓏΊ࡞ᑊࡊ࡙ẍのࡡమⓏᨥᥴᚪこ࡚࠵ẍのࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡ⾉࡞ᑊࡌࡾᑊฌ⾔ິࡡฦᯊ ⾪ࠈ⾉࡞ẍのࡀ῟࠹ᖺඡ๑ࡡࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ Უⷫߦᛴߞߎߐࠇߚ߹߹ሶߦᐳࠆ Უⷫߩ⺃ዉߦᓥ߁ Უⷫ߆ࠄ㔌ࠇࠆ ✕ᒛ߇ߣߌࠆ ណ ⴊ ᓟ ⧰∩ࠍߔࠆ ࡚ࠠࡠ࡚ࠠࡠߔࠆ ޟ∩㨪ޠߣ߁ ⷞ✢ࠍࠁߞߊࠅേ߆ߔ ✕ᒛ߇ᜬ⛯ߔࠆ ᔃࠍ᳞ࠆ Უⷫߦഥߌࠍ᳞ࠆ ㅢߒࠍᓧࠆ Უⷫߦり⊛ធ⸅ࠍ᳞ࠆ ណ ⴊ ਛ ህߥ᳇ᜬߜࠍߔࠆ ߦࡇࠢ࠶ߣജ߇ࠆ ⓫ೝㇱࠍߓߞߣࠆ ⋴⼔Ꮷߩ⺃ዉߢᢙࠍ߆ߙ߃ࠆ Უⷫߦᛴ߈ߟߊ Უⷫߦᛴ߆ࠇߡߓߞߣߒߡࠆ ㅴⴕࠍ⏕ߔࠆ ޟ߽߁⚳ࠊߞߚ㧫ޠߣ⏕߆ࠆ ࠍߐࠇࠆ߆⋡ߢ⏕ߔࠆ ㅴⴕࠍ⏕ߔࠆ ⺃ዉߦᓥ߁ ⚳ੌࠍ੍᷹ߔࠆ ޟ߅߆ߐࠎޠߣ߁ Უⷫߦଦߐࠇߡࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰㨂㧰ࠍࠆ ḩ⿷ᗵࠍᓧࠆ Უⷫ߆ࠄߩ⾨⾥ߢ╉㗻ߦߥࠆ ⋡ߢߡ⚳ࠊࠅࠍ⏕ߔࠆ ㆐ᚑᗵࠍᓧࠆ ⥄ಽߢᜉᚻࠍߔࠆ Უⷫߩ⤒ߩ߆ࠄ㒠ࠅࠆ ᳇ᜬߜࠍ⊒ᢔߔࠆ ᵅ߈⛯ߌߚᓟᵅ߈ᱛ ޟ⚳ࠊߞߚ㨪ޠߣ߁ ⥄ࠄ⓫ೝㇱࠍࠆ ᔃߔࠆ ⥄ࠄࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰㨂㧰ߦ㓸ਛߔࠆ ណⴊએᄖߦ㑐ᔃࠍ␜ߔ ࠪ࡞ࠍㆬ߱ ḩ⿷ᗵࠍᓧࠆ ⚳ੌࠍ⏕ߔࠆ Უⷫߩ⺃ዉߦᓥ߁ Უⷫߦ⣨ࠍᜬߞߡિ߫ߐࠇࠆ Უⷫߦ⢛ਛࠍ࠻ࡦ࠻ࡦߐࠇࠆ Უⷫߦり⊛ធ⸅ࠍ᳞ࠆ ࠍേ߆ߐߕߓߞߣߒߡࠆ ∩ߺࠍߔࠆ ᵅ߈ߔ ᵅ߈ߥ߇ࠄߓߞߣߒߡࠆ Უⷫߩ㚂ߦᚻࠍ࿁ߔ Უⷫߩ⢷ߦ㗻ࠍߟߌߡᵅߊ ⓫ೝࠍੌ⸃ߔࠆ ⷡᖗߔࠆ ⋴⼔Ꮷߩޟ㗎ᒛࠈ߁ߥޠߩ⸒⪲ߦ߁ߥߠߊ ޟ߇ࠎ߫ߞߚ㨪ޠߣ߁ ޟᣧߊ㨪ޠߣ⸒⛯ߌࠆ ࠞ࠹ࠧ ࠨࡉࠞ࠹ࠧ ࠦ࠼ ᛶ᛫ߔࠆ ᚻ⿷ࠍࡃ࠲ߟ߆ߖࠆ ⋴⼔Ꮷߦ⣨ࠍᜬߚࠇߡᓥ߁ ޟ߿ޠߣ⸒ߥ߇ࠄᄢჿߢᵅߊ ᚻߢᲣⷫࠍߚߚߊ ᔃࠍ᳞ࠆ Უⷫߦ㗻ࠍ㧰㨂㧰ߩᣇะߦะߌࠄࠇࠆ Უⷫߦଦߐࠇߡࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰㨂㧰ࠍࠆ ⥄ࠄࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰㨂㧰ࠍ⛯ߌࠆ ⋴⼔Ꮷ߿‛ຠࠍࠆ ណ ⴊ ೨ ⺃ዉߦᓥ߁ ࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰㨂㧰ࠍࠆ ࿐ࠍ⏕ߔࠆ ⥄ಽߩ࿐ࠍ࿁ߔ ⸒⪲߿ⴕേߢᛶ᛫ࠍߔࠆ ⋲ࠍߒ߆ࠆ ✕ᒛࠍ㜞ࠆ ࠍߐࠇࠆ߆⏕ߔࠆ ญరߦജ߇ࠆ ⋴⼔Ꮷߦᜬߚࠇߚ⣨ࠍࠆ ណⴊߩḰࠍࠆ ޟ߅ߛߌޠߣ➅ࠅߒߡ⡞ߊ ࠁߞߊࠅㇱደࠍ࿁ߔ 㚟ⴊᏪࠍᏎ߆ࠇࠆߩࠍࠆ ߦജࠍࠇࠆ ⷞ✢߇ቯ߹ࠄߥ ✕ᒛᗵ߇Ⴧߔ ⋴⼔Ꮷߩ⺃ዉߦᓥ߁ Უߦଦߐࠇߡࠠࡖࠢ࠲㧰 㨂㧰ߦ⋡ࠍะߌࠆ
⪯ἠ┫㆜Ꮥ◂✪ࠈ㸧ᕬ㸝㸞 ịࡴࡾ⾔ິኣࡂࡲࡼࡿ㸡ฌ⨠๑࠾ࡼἵࡀฝࡌᏄ ࡵኣ࠷㸝Ṃ⏛㸡 㸞㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊ㸡ẍのࡀ ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᏄࡵࡢ㸡ẍのࡡࡐࡣ࡞࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡 ࠘ㄇᑙ࡞ᚉ࠹࠙⾔ິ࡛ࡿ࡙࠷ࡒ㸣⾉ࢅུࡄࡾ Ꮔࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࡢ㸡ẍの⾉࡞ࡀ῟࠹ሔྙ㸡 Ꮔࡵ࡞ࡡࡻ࠹࡞㛭ࢂࡾࡡ࠾ኬࡀࡂᙫ㡢ࡌࡾ 㸝୕ࡼ㸡b㸞㸣ᮇ◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡ẍのࡢථᐄᚃ࠾ ࡼᏄࡵࡡᵕᏄࢅచ࠷㸡ゕⴝࢅ࠾ࡄ㸡㌗మ࡞よࡿ ࡾ࡛㛭ࢂࡖ࡙࠽ࡽ㸡మⓏ഼ࡀ࠾ࡄᏄ ࡵࡡ⾔ິຝᯕⓏ࡞ᙫ㡢ࡊࡒ࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣Bowlby 㸝 㸞ࡢẍの࡛Ꮔࡵࡢ㸡㌗మⓏよ࡞ࡻࡖ࡙ យ╌ᙟᠺࡈࡿࡾ࡛㏑࡙࠽ࡽ㸡ẍの࠾ࡼࡡ഼ࡀ ࠾ࡄ⤧࠻ࡍ࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡Ꮔࡵࡢ࠘Ꮽᚨࢅịࡴ ࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ㸡つࢅỬࡴࡾᡥຐࡄ࡞ࡗࡾ 㸡ẍᏄࡡ┞பష⏕ࡡຝᯕࡲࡼࡿࡾࡆ࡛♟ ြࡈࡿࡒ㸣
㸧㸣⾉୯࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ
ࠈ⾉୯ࡡᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵࡢ㸡ฌ⨠࡞Ἰណࢅ㞗 ୯ࡈࡎ㸡ᜅࡈࢅᣚࡔࡼࡵࡆࡿ࠾ࡼ⾔ࢂࡿࡾฌ ⨠࡞ྡྷ࠾࠽࠹࡛ࡌࡾ㸡⮤ᕤࡡㄢᩒᶭ⬗ങࢂࡖ ࡙࠷ࡾ㸝ྚ⏛ࡼ㸡 b㸰ྚ⏛㸡ᴅᮄ㔕㸰㸞㸣 ࡈࡼ࡞㸡⾔◂✪㸝ᖲ⏛ࡼ㸡b㸞࡚ࡵ㸡ᐓ᪐ ࡀ῟ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵࡢ㸡✰ๆࡡ ࡲ㐛ࡁࡾ࡛⮤ࡼ⥥ᘿࢅゆࡂ⾔ິࡲࡼࡿ࡙࠷ ࡒ㸣ࡊ࠾ࡊᮇ◂✪࡚ࡢ㸡✰ๆ㒂నࢅずࡻ࠹࡛ࡌࡾ Ꮔࡵ࡞ᑊࡊ㸡ẍのẴࢅ⣦ࡼࢂࡌࡒࡴ࡞DVD ࢅずࡾࡻ࠹࡞ヨࡊ࠾ࡄ࡙ࡵ㸡Ꮔࡵࡡち⥲ࡢᏽࡱ ࡼࡍ㸡ᢜ㔢ࡌࡾࡱ࡚࠘⥥ᘿᣚ⤾ࡌࡾ࠙ጶࡲࡼ ࡿࡒ㸣ࡌࢂࡔ㸡ᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡢ㸡రࢅࡈࡿ ࡙࠷ࡾࡡ࠾㐅⾔ࢅ☔ヾࡊ࡙࠷ࡾࡵࡡࡡ㸡⾉ࡡ㐅 ⾔ࢅ⌦ゆࡊ࡙❟ࡔྡྷ࠾࠹ࡆ࡛ࡷ㸡ࡲࢅఔ࠹ሔ㟻 ⤊㐛ࡊࡒࡆ࡛ࢅ⌦ゆࡊ࡙⮤ࡼ⥥ᘿࢅ⥾ࡴࡾ ࡡㄢᩒ࡚ࡀ࠷ࡆ࡛ࢂ࠾ࡾ㸣ࡊࡒࡖ࡙㸡ẍ の⮤㌗✰ๆࡡࢰ࣐ࣤࢡࢅచ࠷ࡼ㸡✰ๆ࡛ ྜྷ࡞Ꮔࡵࢅᢢࡂງࢅᙁࡴࡒࡆ࡛ࡢ㸡⮤ᕤࡡࢤ ࣤࢹ࣭ࣞࣜᮅ⇅Ꮔࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࡡᨥᥴ࡚ ࠵ࡖࡒ࡛᥆ᐳࡈࡿࡾ㸣Ꮔࡵࡢ㸡ࡲࡷⱖࢅఔ ࠹༱ᶭⓏ≟Ἓୖ࡞࠽࠷࡙㸡✰ๆ࠾ࡼᢜ㔢ࡱ࡚㸡ຐ ࡄࢅịࡴࡼࡿࡾẍのࡐࡣ࡞࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ࠘Ꮽ ᚨࢅịࡴࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣 ࠈୌ᪁㸡✰ๆ㒂నࢅࡋࡖ࡛ず࡙࠷ࡒᏄࡵࡢ㸡㏭ ୯࠾ࡼ✲↓ἵࡀฝࡊ㸡ẍの࡞ຐࡄࢅịࡴࡾ⾔ິ ┫㆜ᖅ࠽ࡻࡦẍのࡡㄇᑙ࡚ᩐࢅ࠾ࡑ࠻ࡾ㸡࠘⤂ ࢅῼࡌࡾ࠙ࡆ࡛࡞ࡗࡽ㸡ず㏳ࡊࢅᚋࡾᨥ ᥴࡡᚪこᛮ♟ြࡈࡿࡒ㸣㸨㸣⾉ᚃ࡞࠽ࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ
ࠈᏄࡵࡢ㸡⾉୯࠾ࡼ⥥ᘿ⤾࠷࡙࠷ࡒ㸡⮤ ฦࡡ┘࡚✰ๆ㒂నࢅず࡙࠘⤂ࢅ☔ヾ࠙ࡌࡾࡆ࡛ ࡚࠘⥥ᘿ࡛ࡄࡾ࠙≟ឺ࡛ࡖࡒ㸣ẍの㸡ᢜ㔢 ᚃࡵᏄࡵࡡ㢄ࢅ࡚⤾ࡄ㸡⫴୯ࢅࢹࣤࢹ࡛ࣤࡒ ࡒࡀࠔࢆࡣࡖࡒࡠࠕ࡛⧖ࡽ㏁ࡊఎࡒࡆ࡛ࡵ㸡⥥ ᘿࢅ᪡࡞⥾ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣ࡱࡒ㸡 Ꮔࡵࡢẍの࡛㌗మⓏよࢅᣚࡖ࡙࠷ࡒ㸡⥥ᘿ ࡡ⥾࡛ྜྷ࡞㸡ẍの࠾ࡼ㞫ࡿ㸡⾉௧አ࡞㛭ᚨ ࢅ♟ࡌࡡ⾔ິࡲࡼࡿ㸡༱ᶭⓏ≟Ἓ⤊㐛ࡌ ࡾ࡛㸡ᖏࡡጶ࡞ᡘࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ࡛⩻࠻ࡾ㸣 ࠈࡈࡼ࡞㸡ẍの࠾ࡼࡡ㈱㈮ࡷ㸡ࠔࢆࡣࡖࡒ㹳ࠕ ࡛ᛦ࠷ࢅ⾪⌟ࡌࡾࡆ࡛࡚㸡㐡ᠺវࡷ㊂វࢅᚋࡾ ࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ࡛⩻࠻ࡼࡿࡾ㸣⾉୯࠾ࡼἵࡀฝࡊ ࡒᏄࡵࡢ㸡ẍのࡐࡣ࡞࠷ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡ฌ⨠ ᐄࢅ㏝ᐄࡌࡾࡱ࡚࡞ἵࡀḾࡲ㸡のࡡࡀ῟࠷ ࠷Ꮔࡵ࡞Ẓࡊ࡙㸡᪡࡞ἵࡀḾࡳࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡒ ࡛࠷࠻ࡾ㸣Ϭ㸣⤎ࠈㄵ
ࠈᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡ⾉ሔ㟻࡞㸡ẍのࡀ῟ ࡖࡒሔྙࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ࠾ࡼ௧ୖࡡࡆ࡛᪺ ࡼ࠾࡞ࡖࡒ㸣 㸣⾉๑ࡢ㸡ẍのమⓏ㛭ࢂࡽ࡛㌗మⓏ よࢅᣚࡗࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽᏄࡵࡡᑊฌ⾔ິࢅᨥᥴࡌ ࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣 㸣⾉୯ࡢ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢ✰ๆᚃࡡ⤊㐛࣒࣭ࢩ ࡚ࡀ࠷ࡒࡴ㸡ẍのරమⓏᑊฌ⾔ິࢅ♟ࡌ ࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽず㏳ࡊࢅᚋࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣 㸣⾉ᚃࡢ㸡ᢜ㔢├ᚃ࠾ࡼẍの㈱㈮ࡊ⤾ࡄࡾ ࡆ࡛࡞ࡻࡽ㸡Ꮔࡵࡢ⥥ᘿࢅゆࡂࡆ࡛࡚ࡀ㸡 ㊂វ࣬㐡ᠺវࢅ᪡࡞ᚋࡾࡆ࡛࡚ࡀࡾ㸣ϭ㸣ᮇ◂✪ࡡ㝀⏲࡛ᚃࡡㄚ㢗
ࠈᮇ◂✪ࡡᖺඡ๑ࡡᏄࡵࡡᑊ㇗ᖳ㱃ࡢ 㹳 ṋ࡚࠵ࡽ㸡ᑊ㇗ᩐࡵౚ࡚࠵ࡖࡒࡒࡴ⤎ᯕࡡୌ⯙ ࡞ࡢ㝀⏲࠵ࡾ㸣ᚃࡢ㸡ࡻࡽᖳ㱃࠷ᏄSeisen J. Nurs. Stud., Vol. 2. 2013
Richard H.Tompson.& Gene,Stanford.㸝ⴥ㸞㸡㔕
ᮟࡲࡽ㸡ᇷḿ㸡ᑚᯐⓇ㸝ズ㸞㸝㸞㸯㝌࡞ ࠽ࡄࡾࢲࣔࣜࢺࣚࣆ㸡Ꮔࡵࡡᚨࢅᨥ࠻ࡾ ͆㐗ࡦ͇ࣈࣞࢡ࣑ࣚ㸡୯ኳἪぜฝ∟ᰬᘟఌ♣㸣 Piaget,J.㸝ⴥ㸞㸡ἴኣ㔕Ᏸ㸝ズ㸞㸝 㸞㸯▩⬗ ࡡᚨ⌦Ꮥ㸡ࡲࡌࡍ᭡ᡛ㸣 ఫ⸠ᚷಕ㸡ఫ⸠ᖶᏄ㸡ሲ㣤ொ㸝㸞㸯⾉ࢅུ ࡄࡾᏄࡵࡡ㟸ຝᯕⓏᑊฌ⾔ິ࡛㛭㏻こᅄࡡ᳠ ゞ㸡ᮇ┫㆜◂✪Ꮥఌ㞟ヽ㸡㸝㸞㸡 㕝ᮄᜠ⌦Ꮔ㸡ᑚᐋᒜ༡⨶㸡ᐋㆺᜠ㸝㸞㸯ᑚ ඡࡡぇⓏฌ⨠࡞࠽ࡄࡾᐓ᪐ࡡࡀ῟࠷ࡡᐁឺ ㄢᰕ㸡ᖳࡡㄢᰕࢅ ᖳࡡㄢᰕ࡛Ẓ㍉ࡊ࡙㸡 ᮇᑚඡ┫㆜Ꮥఌヽ㸡㸝㸞㸡 Ṃ⏛ῗᏄ㸝 㸞㸯⾉࡞ᑊࡌࡾᖺඡࡡཬᚺ࣬⾔ ິ࡞ᙫ㡢ࢅཀྵࡌこᅄ㸡༐ⴝ┫㆜Ꮥఌヽ㸡㸝㸞㸡 Ṃ⏛ῗᏄ㸡ᮿᮇᬙᏄ㸡ㆺὊỜ㸝 㸞㸯ࡲࢅ ఔ࠹༈⒢ฌ⨠࡞ᑊࡌࡾᖺඡࡡᑊฌ⾔ິ㸡༐ⴝኬ Ꮥ┫㆜Ꮥ㒂⣎こ㸡 ⏛୯Ꮔ㸝㸞㸯ࣈࣝࣂ࣭ࣝࢨࣘࣤࡡṹ㝭࡞ࡗ ࠷࡙㸡ᑚඡ┫㆜㸡㸝㸞㸡 ⸀ᮇ⨶㸝㸞㸯ᝀඡࡡⅤ࣬⾉ฌ⨠࡞ᑊࡌ ࡾẍのࡡᛦ࠷㸡ᮇ┫㆜Ꮥఌㄵᩝ㞗㸡ᑚඡ┫㆜㸡 㸡 ྚ⏛⨶ᖶ㸡㕝ᮄᩌᏄ㸝 㸞㸯᳠ᰕ࣬ฌ⨠ࢅུࡄ ࡾᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵ͆ࡻ࠷మ㥺͇ࢅࡌࡾࡒࡴ ࡞ᚪこࡵࡡ㸡ᄿᕰ┫㆜༈⒢ኬᏕ⣎こ㸡㸝㸞㸡 ྚ⏛⨶ᖶ㸡ᴅᮄ㔕⨶㸝㸞㸯┫㆜ᖅᤂ࠻ࡾ Ⅴ࣬⾉ࢅུࡄࡾᖺඡᚃࡡᏄࡵࡡ⮤ᕤㄢ ᩒᶭ⬗㸡ᮇᑚඡ┫㆜Ꮥఌヽ㸡㸝㸞㸡 ࡵ࡞࡛ࡖ࡙ẍの࡛ࡡ┞ப㛭౿㔔こ࡚࠵ࡾࡆ࡛࡞ Ⅴࢅࡊࡽ㸡ࡀ῟࠹ẍのࡡᨥᥴࢅ᳠ゞࡊ࡙࠷ ࡂᚪこ࠵ࡾ㸣
