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Depar t ment   of   Rehabi l i t at i on   Medi ci ne   Di v i s i on   of   Phy s i cal   Fi t nes s

 

Masahiro  Abo,Professor  and Director   Hideki  Yamauchi,Assistant  Professor

 

General  Summary

 The  research  of  our  division  has  been  focused  on  skeletal  muscle  plasticity,neuroscience, and  exercise  physiology.

Research  Activities

 Running  training  increases  heat  shock proteins  in skeletal  muscle

 Heat  shock proteins(HSPs)play important  roles  in protecting cells  from  stress  by  acting  as  molecular  chaperons. Limited  information  is  available  about  the  responses  of  HSPs  to  training  and  whether  the  frequency  of  training  affects  changes  in  HSPs. We  investigated  the  effects  of  training  frequency  on  the  expression  of  several  HSPs  in  the  gastrocnemius  muscle  of  rats. The  trained  rats  ran(30  m/minute)on  a  motor-driven  treadmill  for  3  days  per  week(T3  group)or  6  days  per  week(T6  group)for  6  weeks. The  total  running  duration  was  60  minutes  for  the  T3  group  and  30  minutes  for  the  T6  group. The  expression  levels  of  HSPs  of  73,72,60,40,and  25  kD and  ofαB  crystallin  were  determined  in  the  white  and  red  regions  of  the  lateral  gastrocnemius  muscles  using  the  Western  blotting  method. No  significant  increase  in  expression  of  any  of  the  HSPs  was  evident  in  the  red  region  after  training  in  either  the  T3  or  T6  group. In  contrast, the  expression  levels  of  all  HSPs  except  for  HSP73  and  HSP60  increased  in  the  white  region  after  training  in  both  groups  without  a  difference  between  the  groups. The  lack  of  significant  difference  between  the  T3  and  T6  group  suggests  that  the  total  training  load  rather  than  the  training  frequency  contributes  to  the  increases  in  HSPs. We  conclude  that  the  increases  in  HSP  expression  after  endurance  training  are  region-specific  and  are  not  affected  by  training  frequency.

Relationship  between  eating  and hoarding  behavior  and neuropeptide  Y  mRNA in  the  arcuate  nucleus  of the  hypothalamus  of exercising  Syrian golden hamsters

 Syrian  golden  hamsters  more  actively  perform  wheel-running  exercise  than  do  rats  and  have  a  strictly  defined circadian rhythm  for  running  activity. For  these  reasons,we  hypothesized  that  the  factors  regulating  appetite  behavior  would  be  changed  in  exercis- ing  Syrian  golden  hamsters  compared with those  in ad libitum  controls. Moreover, Syrian  golden  hamsters  have  a  hoarding  habit,which  reflects  their  long-term  appetite. Therefore,we  used  Syrian  golden  hamsters  to  evaluate  the  relationship  between  eating  and  hoarding  behaviors  and  neuropeptide  Y mRNA in  the  arcuate  nucleus  during  wheel  running  exercise. We  found  that  the  low-appetite  condition  was  indicated  by  decreases  in  the  eating  and  hoarding  volumes  of  food  in  exercised  hamsters. Serum  leptin  levels  were  markedly  lower  in  exercising  hamsters  than  in  ad  libitum controls. No  significant

 

199 Research Activities 2007  The Jikei University School of Medicine 

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difference  was  found in leptin receptor  mRNA  levels  in the  arcuate  nucleus  of  the  hypothalamus. Also,as  we  had hypothesized,neuropeptide  Y  mRNA  levels  in the  arcuate  nucleus  of  the  hypothalamus  were  significantly  lower  in  exercising  hamsters  than  in  ad  libitum  controls. Therefore,we  speculate  that  a  mechanism  of  exercise-induced  appetite  inhibition is  a decrease  in neuropeptide  Y  in the  arcuate  nucleus  of  the  hypothalamus.

Exercise intensity affects  plasma  concentrations  of  tumor  necrosis  factor alpha  in  response  to  lipopolysaccharide  in rats

 Moderate  exercise  can reduce  the  risk of  infectious  disease. In contrast,strenuous  exercise transiently increases  the risk  of  infection. We examined  the mechanisms  underlying  these  observations. Ten-week-old  female  F344  rats  were  randomly  assigned  to 1 of  4 groups:rest(R)and low (LE)-,middle(ME)-,and high(HE)-intensity  running exercise. Immediately after  the  exercise  or  resting period,rats  were  given  intravenous  injections  of  lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(1  mg/kg). Blood samples  were  obtained  immediately  after  exercise  or  rest  and  1  hour  after  the  LPS  injection. Plasma  concentrations  of  tumor  necrosis  factor(TNF)-alpha  in  both  the  ME and  HE groups  were  significantly  lower  than those  in the  R  and LE  groups,respectively. Exercise  intensity did  not  affect  plasma corticosterone concentrations. In  contrast,plasma  epinephrine  concentrations  in  the  ME and  HE groups  were  significantly  higher  than  those  in  R and  LE  groups,respectively. In  addition,plasma  norepinephrine  concentra- tions  in  the  HE group  were  higher  than those  in the  other  3  groups. Responses  of  TNF-alpha  to  LPS  were  suppressed  in  the  ME  and  HE  groups  but  not  in  the  LE  group.

This  immunosuppression  might  be  regulated  by  changing  catecholamine  concentrations, which  depend  on  exercise  intensity.

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Research Activities 2007  The Jikei University School of Medicine 

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