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Sci. Bull. Fac. Educ., Nagasaki Univ., No. 35, pp. 1-2 (1984)

The Group of Homeomorphisms on a Connected 1-Manifold

Takashi KARUBE

Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education Nagasaki University, Nagasaki

(Received Oct. 31, 1983)

Abstract

The topological types of the spaces of homeomorphisms on paracompact Hausdorff connected 1-manifolds are classified

1. Introduction.

A paracompact Hausdorff connected 1-manifold is homeomorphic to one of the following four spaces :

R : the real line.

R+ : a real half-line.

S : a circle.

I : a closed interval on R.

This is well-known an easy proof is given in [5] . Let M be any one of the above four spaces with orientation, H(M) the group of all homeomorphisms of M onto itself endowed with the compact open topology, and H+(M) the subspace of H(M) which consists of orientation-preserving ones. Then

H(I)=H+(I) • and 11+(.1)---=-42 (Anderson 1 ] ,) H(R)=H+(R) • Z2—H+(R)xZ2 and FP(R)----=----l2 (Karube [ 4 ]),

and H(R+)=11+(R.,)----,----12 (Karube [ 4 ]), where 12 is the Hilbert space of square- summable sequences, Z2 the discrete space consisting of two points, --- means being homeomorphic, and X topological product.

In this note we consider H(S).

2. The group of homeomorphisms on a circle.

LEMMA 1 (Karube [ 4 ]). Let [0, 1] (resp . (0,1)) be the closed (resp. open)

interval on R. Then H+([0,1]) and H+((0,1))

are

isomorphic as topological

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2 T,akashi KARUBE 

groups by the natural map . And so H+(R)‑12 ' 

Considering the circle S a multiplicative topological group of complex  numbers of norm l, Iet T denote the subgroup of H(S) consisting of all  translations in the group S, P the subgroup of H(S) consisting of all  homeomorphisms which leave the identity I fixed. P+ the subgroup of P  consisting of orientatlon‑preserving ones, and Z2 either the subgroup of H(R)  or of H(S) consisting of the identity map and the reflexion. 

LEMMA 2 . P+ and H+(S‑{ I } ) are isomorphic as topological groups by the  natural map . And so P+‑12 ' 

PROOF. A modification of the proof of Lemma I ( L 4 l) ensures that P+ is  isomorphic to H+(S‑ { I } ) as topological groups . Since S‑ { I } is homeomorphic  to R, H+(S‑ { I })‑H+(R) . Hence P+‑1, by Lemma I . 

THEOREM. H(S) =T ・ P+ ・ Z2‑‑TXP+ XZ2 and (T,P')‑‑(S,12) ' 

PRooF. Both T and P are closed subgroups and H(S) =TP. Tnp={ I } .  Whereas H(S) [s neither a direct product nor a semidirect product of T and P,  the correspondence of u E H(S) to (t (1i' t (1)  " u)  ̲̲ TXP (t. : the multiplication 

by a in S) gives a homeomorphism between H(S) and the product space TXP  this owes to a remark of Keesling ([6], p. 15) . . The space T is home‑

omorphic to S. Since P+ is an open and closed subgroup of P, the space P is  homeomorphic to 12 XZ2 by Lemma 2. Consequently H(S)‑‑SX12 XZ2 ' 

RE.M:ARK . Another proof that P‑12 XZ, is obtained by the fact : Iet X be a  10cally connected, Iocally compact Hausdorff space , X* the compactification of X  bV addmg a pomt x= to X, and H(X* x*) the subspace of H(X*) consisting  of the mappings that leave the point x= fixed, then H(X*,x=)‑‑H(X) this  owes to Theorem 2 of [ 2 1 and Theorems I , 3 , and 4 of L3] . 

References 

[ I I R. D . Anderson : Spaces of homeomorphisms of finite graphs. (Manuscript) 

[ 2 1 R . Arens : A topology for spaces of transformations, Ann. of Math. ( 2 ) 47 (1946) ,  480‑495 . 

[ 3 1 R Arens : Topologies for homeomorphism groups , Amer. J . Math . 68 (1946) , 593‑610 .  [ 4 1 T . Karube : A simple proof that the space of orientation preserving transformations of  an interval is homeomorphic to 12' Sci Bull. Fac. Educ. , Nagasaki Univ., No. 28 

(1977) , 9‑lO 

[ 5 1 T. Karube : Topological types of paracompact connected l‑manifolds, Sci. Bull. Fac. 

Educ., Nagasakj Univ., No. 33 (1982) , 1‑4. 

[ 6 1 J . Keesling : Using flows to construct Hilbert space factors of function spaces , Trans. 

Amer. Math. Soc. 161 (1971) , 1‑24. 

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