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PONTRJAGIN CLASSES OF RIEMANNIAN MANIFOLDS、

       WHOSE CLASS IS LESS THAN 5

        BY

YAsuR6 TOMONAGA

  Introduction. If a differentiable manifbld is embedded or immersed in an eu− didean space whgse dmension is less than a certain number, its dlaracteristic dasses are restricted. For血stanbe the dual Pontrjagin class{}s whose dimension is gteater than a cer皿皿number vanish. Therefbre the total Pontrjag口1 dass is generated by some Pontrjagin classes. In this paper we shall consider anπ一dimensional Riemannia丑 manifold which is locally immersed in an eudideall space of d hension n十k(k<5). We sha皿de丘ne the Pontrjagin dasses by the di丘brential fbrms. Some rdations hold betWeen the Pontrjagin dasses and the class number k as in the case of the gloval theory.   §1.Let工(η≧4)be. anπ一dimensional Riema皿ian manifold locaUy immersed㎞ an euclidean〃㍗space S堺. The local coor(㎞ates of Xn are denoted by{アλ}λ=1. …,〃. The orthogonal coordinates of Sm are denoted by{xi}i=i,…, m. Here− a危er the Latin indi◎es range over i,…, m.and the Greek indices range over 1,…. η.We use the fb皿owi皿g notations and fbrmulas:   β∼=∂xi/ayλ,9zpt=ΣBiBV, nAi(λ=1,…,〃卜n)....the unit normal vectors       ‘

to工,

  ΣnAinB」δ狙 (A,、θ=1,…,〃卜’n), ΣnA‘BaL O, Hiλμ一Σ〃AiHAIμ一∂Bai/Oγ” 一・・;・・{ωλμ}・…・h・血1 ・血・u民・・…n・・;輪・=・HA… A   (L1)   Rσ・λ、mo−」日}λμ・Hjσ.・一」H}aω」ffia.炉Σ(ffAAμHA°.・一 HAa・・、広σ.μ)        4 ....the equations Of Gauss,

品・一醜・μ・H・…一典…8。〃・…脚・+li) TBA・・ノ・TBA・一一螂

  (1.2)       TBAλ;μ一τ』Aμ;λ一、臨ωμ、HAω.λ十」ffBUta」7Aω.μ=O whele the semi◎olon denotes the covafiant derivative. The Pontrjagin dasses are given by       吊 .’ (1・・)』・δ(ご二㍑)R・・… R・… ・…R・・h・・一・一・ d>……ぴ・・        (1≦k≦[h/4]) whereαA denotes a constant depending only on丘. Another.㎞d of Pontrjagirv Classes is given by [13]

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14

Y.TOMONAGA

  (1・4)   P’4鳶一β鳶・Rλ1・λ2α・a2Ra2・λ3α3α4… Rλ2h・λ1¢4』1α“∂ア・…d)〆じ4鳶 (1≦k≦[ln/4]) whereβみdenotes a constant depending only on k. P’4洗is a polynomial of P’4‘’s (1≦∫≦k)where the product of differe皿tial負)rms means the exterior product and conversdy P4乃is a polynomial of P’47S.(1≦∫≦k). We have価m(1.1)   (1・5) Rλ・・λ、[嫡・Rλ・・u、1。、α、…・Ra・鳶・[z、1α、、.、α4鳶]        =22k]ii HAAI[a,H IU,]α、Σ・恥λ・・4五M。悟、…ΣHca2h・α、k・Hcm、1α、k−、       B      c] where the summation means for.instance          f[・、α,α、・一÷(一+五,α、α、+fa、a、q,・−f。、α、。,一。、a3。,−fa、。,α、).−   The・case〃③=η十L .When泓is of dass one, the right hand side Qf(1.5)becomes  (1・6)         22kHal・[α2・ffl a2|al」駆2・a4・Hia31‘Ce… 」Ha2k・α4為・HUi.iα4i_1]. By vh二tue of the relation  (1・7)         .       」Vzμ・=,疏λ 也e quantity(1.5)be◎oMes zero, i.e. al1 Pontrjagin dasses P’4元’s are zelo. Hence a且 P4k,s are zero in this case.       、  Th㏄aseη2=刀十2. When Xn is of dass 2 the right hand side of(1.5)becomes (1.8) 22カΣ(昂λ・・。,Hu、a、+H・Z・・。,H・a,α、)(疏λ・・α、・舐λ、α、+H2A・・a、、砿、α、)  [α1…a4 k]   …(疏λ・鳶・a、逼λ、。、h+砂…α、轟λ、。、鳶.、)     −22鳶Σ(泓λ・・α;・疏λ,α、H2a、a、」U2λ・・α、+H2a・・α,日』λ,q、Hix・・α、。ぴλ、α、)       ・・蹴認・ .逼、,_砂・・,。。泓、、_1       +砂・°−1・・、鳶、,砺,輿、.。五r・x…。。逼λ、。』)     =22浩Σ品λ,α、」U2λ2・α、(H・z・・a,H・x、a、一・H2a・・。,H・λ、α3)       .[α1…α4后]       ×恥、。。砂・・α、価λ・’。,H,A、α,一砂・・α。H元λ言,)      …・眩ぷ、鳶.、珊・鳶・α、漉但λ・鳶一・・α、逢.,砺、。。鳶.、−H2a・鳶一・・α、鳶.,疏、a。君.、). Putt口19

ω   五一丁但・・賜・一疏・・賜・)

we have       .’ (1・10) Rl1・.a,[・、・、Rλ・・1拠・ゴ・・Rλ…1λ、1・、、.、・、、]=γ輌吟ん、a£・・、ん、.、a、、] whereγゐdenotes a constant depending only onた. Hence we have

(11.1i)       P’炉γノω・・

where we ha鴨put

 (1.12)       .ω≡みω4yμ.∧4)ノω

andγノ・denotes a cons匂mt depending.only on翫 We have食om(1.1D

 (L13)      .     P4k=γ乃”ω2鳶 Vihere rh”denOtgs a。・nsta皿t depen《血9・nly・n k. Meanwhile・we・have・fr・m(1.2)

(L14)   ん一丁(T,、a;μ一T,、μ;a)

Whid1.means thatωis a nuU form in the local s㎝se. Namdy』ッ鳶is a null fbrm ill the local sense.      ・      ’.

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 .§2. Th㏄asem=躍十3. In this case we need the fbllowing algebraic fbrmulas:   Let濫め=一濫、(a, b=1,2,3). Then we have the fbllowing relations:   (A)ΣX。bXb、一一2(X、22+晃32+X3、2),   (B)121X、bXb,X.dXdC−2(X、22+X232+X3、2)2,     一   (C)ΣX。bXb,KcばXd、XefXfa=−2(X122+X232+X312)3,   (D)ΣXa、。2尤,。、濫、。、Xa、。、…Xa,。、Xa、。、=2(品22+X232+X3・2)4, where the summations range Qver ail cases. The proof of these formulas is o面tted. First we consider P’4.   (2.1) where we have put   (2.2) We have from(1.5) Rl・μ[αβRμ・]Xlrδ]== 4ΣH.X・[α、臨λ1β.広μ・rHBiμiδ]=−4Σ       A,B 孟一丁(HAλ・μ昂Bλω一正L∼・t・HBaμ)・    ∫[αβ∫γδ] A≒BAB  BA In this case∠4,β,… range over 1,2,3. It is dear that

  (2.3)        んω一一五ω=一ん.

      AB     BA     AB

We have価m(1.2)and(2.2)

      蓋・−s(TA.tU;μ一TABμ;・) which means that       ω旭≡ル吻μ八吻ω        狙 is a nuU fbrm hl the local sense. We shall show that every Pont巾gin dasses are generated by theseω朋’s in the local sense. Hence we see that every Pontrjagin dasses are null fb皿in the local sense.   Next we consider Ps’. We have㎞m(1.5)   (2.4)   Rλ1・λ2[a1α2Ra2・|λslα3α4Rλ3・|λ41α5α6Rλ4・1λ11α7α8]        =16Σ ΣHAx,α、HAa・・a,HBa、a、HBa・・α、Hca、α、H♂・・a、丑bλ、a,丑b㌔、       [α1…α8]A,…,D        =16Σノtα、a, fa、α、ノlx、α, fa,α、コ       A,…,D4β       βc       CD       DA where the last summation range over all cases. We h鵬丘om(2.1),(2.4),(A)and (B)   (2.5)      Ps’=k1(」戸4’)2, where k, denotes a constant血dependent of each X.. We have from(1.5)   (2.6)   Rλ1・λ2[α1α2Rλ2・1λ31α3α4Rλ3・1λ41αsα6Ra4・Iasla7αsRas・|a6iαstxioRa6・1λ11α11α12]        =64Σ Σ・HAλ,a、HAa・・a,HBi、α、HBλ・・a、Hcx、a、刀♂・・α,       [α1…α12]       A,…,F        ×砺λ、a,HDI・・α、」VEa、α,・日云㌔、。HFX、a、、HFis・α、2        =−64Σf[a1α2 fa8α↓ fa5α6/Z7α8んgα1。        ん、、a、2]       A,…,F        ぷ       βC   CD       DE       EF       F五 where the last summation ranges over all cases. We have from(2.1),(2.6),(A) 孤d(C)   (2.7)       P12」k2(1㍉’)3 where k, denotes a constant independent of each鵡. We have丘om(1.5)

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16 (2.8)

Y.TOMONAGA

wher.e the. last summation ranges over all cases.    (2.8),(A)

and(D)

  (2.9)       P16’・= k,(1『4’)4 where k3 denotes. a co皿stant independent of each鵡. We s㏄丘om(2.5),(2.7), (2.9) 血at   (2.10)       P8=α・P42, P12=βP43, ・P16=γP44 whereα,β,γdenote certain oonstants i皿depelldent of each Xn. In order to deter− mineα,β,γit is convenient to recall the global theory. If Xn is◎ompact orient− able and immersible in a Sn+k then it must be that   (2.11)      .      P4i=0    2i>k.       ヨ where P4i denotes the dual−Pontrjagin class of dimension 4i. Moreover if鵡is embeded in a Sn+., then it must be that   (2.12)      『     P46=0    2ゴ≧〃.       The relation between」P4ジs and P4∼s is as fbllows:   (2.13)    −  、 (1十Σ(−1)ip“)(1+Σ瓦‘)=1.        」>0      ’>O If石is compact orientable alld immersible in a S。+3, then it must be that   (2.14) ’    『       瓦ξ=O    i≧2. Henog we have from(2.13)      一        ロ       ロ      ゴ   (2.15)    1−P,十?8−」P12十P16−… =(1十P4)−1=1−P4十」P42−P43十P44−… which leads to       ゴ         (2.16)    P4−P4, P6−P42, P、2−P43, P、8−P44,…,   1.e.      ’  (2.17)        Ps=P42, P12==P43, P16=P44, ’°三, P4‘=(1「4)㌧ ’”. Therefbreα一β一γ=1. Thus we have the  THEOREM 1. InαRiemannian manifold of ela∬3the Po〃〃プα9’〃cla∬θぷwhose 直〃昭〃ぷion is less than 20 are 9■〃era’ed.bツP4疏 the loealぷθ〃se.   §3.T血e case m=〃+4. In this case we must generaHze the formulas(A)∼(D) to the case of fbur indices 1,』2,3,4.       ・  Let Xa 一¥b、(α, b=1,2,3,4). Then we have the follQwing fbrmulas:  (A’)ΣXlabXba=−2(X1 22十X132十X142十X232十X242十X342),  (B’)ΣX。bXTb,X。d−d。=2(X、22+X、32+X、42+品32+X242+X342)2        −4(X12×34十X31×24十』X14×23)2, Rλ・・λ,[α、α,Ra・・ロ、1α、α、Rλ・・11、1。SU,Rλ・・1λ、彫、R2・’1λ、|。61,、。Rλ・・1、,1。、、α、2   ×Rl・・V.、1。的4Rλ・・,A、1。、ex、6コ    ー256Σ ΣHA、λ、α、HA、λ・・b,石rA,λ、α、HA,λ・・α、H7A、λ、a5        [or1…a16]・41,…,α8      ×亙・、λ㌔,HA、aasttTHAノ…、HA、λ,a、HA、λ…、。H・,・,al、      ×HA,ts・鰯」UA,λ、α、aHA,λ・・。、、互1、λ、a、、.HA、λ・・。、8    −−256Σん、α,fa、a、ノb、α、 fa,α、ノll,、v、。ノ』、、α、2 fa、3a、4 fa、、a、,コ        AtA2   A248  A3A4  A4A5  A5A6   A6A7    A7A8    AsAl        We与ave丘om(2・1),

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(C’) (D’) where the summations range over all cases. We s㏄丘om(A’)and(B’)that P8’is independent of P4’ (C’),(2.1),(2.4)and(2.6)  (3.1)       P、i−A(P、’)3+B?、’×P8’ where A andβdenote certain constants i皿dependent of each X.. In the same way we have丘om(2.1),(2.4),(2.8),(A’),(B’)and(D’)  (3.2)      」P16’=C(・P4’)十1)(」P4’)2×P8’十」E(P8’)2 where C,1)and E denote㏄rta祖constants independpnt of each Xn. Thus P12’alld P16’are generated 1)y P,’and Pst. Therefore P12 and P16 are generated by P4’and

ΣXabXbcXcdXdeXsfXfa

  =−2(X122十X132十X142十X232十晃42十X342)3    +6(X・・X3・+X・・12・+X・・X・・)(X・22+X・32+X・42+X232+X・・2+X3・2), ΣXa、。,x。2a、Xa、。4…Xa,。、Xc、。、   =2(X、22+X、32+X、42+品32+石2+鵡42)4    −8(X、22+X、32+X、42+品32+X242+X342)(X、2×34+X3、X24+X、4×23)2    +4(X、2×34+X3、X24+X、4×23)4,        The proof of these fbrmuIas is omitted.        .We have丘om(A’),(B’), P8’. Therefore P12 and P16 are generated by P4 and Ps. relations between P4, ’・・, P16 we recall the global theoryr able and irnmersible in a Sn+4, then it must be that        P4i=O   i>2.

Hence we have

(3.3) In order to determine the If Xn i§compoct orient一

1−P4+P』−P12+P16−…

 =(1+P4+P8)−1       ロ      ロ      ロ       ら      Pt  =1−(P4+P・)+(P4+P・)2−(P4+P8)3+(P4+?8)4−….       の       ロ      ロ       ロ        =1−∠P4−(P42−P8)十(2P,×1㌔一1ン3XP82−3P42×P8十P44)一… which leads to          e       ヨ       ロ       ロ       ロ      M  (3.4)  P4 == P4, P8=1㌔2−P』, P12=」!㌧3−2P,×P8, P16= P44−31㍉2×Ps十P82.

Hence we have

 (3.5)     P12=P43−2P,×(P42−P8)=2P,×P8−、P43,  (3.6)      P16=1㌦4−3P42(P42−P,)十(?42−P』)2=−1「44十P㌦1×P8十R,2. The same relations hold fbr our local case. Thus we.have the  THEOREM 2・ In o Rie%nnian〃tanifoldρ/clq∬4, the Po〃’η’ρ9加c∼b∬eぷwhoぷe 4励θπぷion∫ぷle∬than 20 are genera’ed∂γ1㌦and P』」〃’乃θloealぷε刀ぷe.

      UT−−SI一

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