彗星雲の起源と進化
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(122) ῐ. ῏. Origin and Evolution of Comet Clouds.
(123) !"#$%&'()*+,-./0. Arika HIGUCHI Division of Theoretical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2ῌ21ῌ1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181ῌ8588, Japan. 12345678 9 86 :;<=>? @ABCDEDF GHIJK. L23MNOP6QO6. R%STUVWXYZ6QO876[&Z4 5678 9. ῎῍ῑῌ 1) Dones L., Weissman P., Levison H. F., Duncan M., 2004, Comets II (Univ. Arizona, Tuscon) 153 2) Oort J. H., 1950, Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 11, 91 3) Duncan M., Quinn T., Tremaine S., 1987, AJ 94, 1330 4) Dones L., Levison H. F., Duncan M., Weissman P., 2006, Icarus, in press 5) Higuchi A., Kokubo E., Mukai T., 2006, AJ 131, 1119 6) JK L 1998, \&@A>* ]^_)*`abc 7) Safronov V. S., 1972, IAU Circ., 45, 329 8) Levison H. F., Duncan M., 1997, Icarus 127, 13 9) Hayashi C., 1981, Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 70, 35 10) Higuchi A., Kokubo E., Mukai T., Kinoshita H., 2006, AJ, submitted 11) Heisler J., Tremaine S., 1986, Irarus 65, 13 12) Kinoshita H., Nakai H., 1999, Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 75, 125 13) Kozai Y., 1962, AJ 67, 591 14) Holmberg J., Chris F., 2000, MNRAS 313, 209 15) Fernandez J. A., 1997, Icarus 129, 106. 16. Abstract : The Oort cloud (comet cloud) is a spherical comet reservoir surrounding a planetary system. We have investigated the comet cloud formation that consists of two dynamical stages of orbital evolution of planetesimals due to (1) planetary perturbation, and (2) the galactic tide. We investigated the first stage by using numerical calculations and obtained the probabilities of the fates of planetesimals as functions of the orbital parameters of the planets and planetesimals. We investigated the second stage by using the secular perturbation theory and showed the evolution of the structure of a comet cloud from a planetesimal disk. We found that (1) massive planets e#ectively produce comet cloud candidates by scattering and (2) many planetesimals with semimajor axes larger than 1,000 AU rise up their perihelion distances to the outside of the planetary region and become members of the Oort cloud in 5 Gyr.. de. 2007 f 1 d.
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