Object substitution masking reinstated by color change of a previewed mask(Summary of Awarded Presentation at the 30th Annual Meeting)

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

TheJapanesePsychonomic Society

TheJapnneseJottrnatQt'Ps.ychonomicSciettee

20T2,VeL3LNo,1,9]-94

Summary

of

Awarded

Presentation2L34

Object

substitution

masking

reinstated

by

color

change

ofa

_previewed

maski)

Nobuyuki

HiRosE,

Shota

HATToRi,

and

Shuji

MoRi

Ib,ushu

University*

Perception

ef a

briefly

_presented

target

is

impaired

when a simultaneously onsetting sparse mask

persists

be-yond

the

target

duration,

compared

to

when

the

target

and

the

mask offset

together.

This

is

a

t)pe of

backward

masking, called object substitution masking

(OSM}.

Previous

studies

have

_{reported a mask}

preview

_effect

in

_which

OSM

is

largely

attenuated

by

_prLor

_{presentatioTi}

of

the

mask,

IVe

investigated

whether _and

how

thc

_{abrupt co]or}

change efa

_preyiewed

mask affects

thE

mask

_preview

effbct,

The

basic

mask

_preview

effect was replicated,

Further-more,

introducing

a

transient

color change of

the

mask at target onset

disrupted

the

mask

preview

effect,

that

is,

OSM

was reinstated,

In

terms

of

the

role ofsurface

fearures

in

establishment and maintenance ofepisodic object rep-resentations, we

_propose

that

a

large

color change a]lows the

_previewed

mask

to

recompete with

the

target,

Key

words; vision, object substitution masking, coler change

When

asparse mask

has

common enset and offset with a

briefly

_presented

target,

there

is

little

impairment

of

target

identification.

However,

if

the

sparse mask

trails

after

the

tar-get

offset,

target

identification

is

severely

impaired,

This

t)pe

of masking

is

called object substitutiQn masking

(OSM;

Di

Lollo,

Enns,

&

Rensink,

2000),

OSM

is

_greatLv

attenuated

when

the

mask

is

_preyiewed

prier

te

target

presentation,

even

if

the

_previewed

mask

does

not serve as a

_precue

for

target

po-sition or

identity

(Neill,

Hutchison,

&

Graves,

2002).

In

the

present

study,

we examined whether and

how

the

abrupt color

change of a

_previewed

mask

influences

the

mask

_preview

ef-fect

in

OSM,

Methods

Participants,

Twelve

K}Fushu

University

graduate

or

un-dergraduate

students with normal or corrected-to-normal

vi-sion

participated

in

thjs

experiment,

Stimuli,

The

background

color of

the

display

was

bla[k

*

_Department

_of

_Lnformatics,

_Faculty

_of

_Intbrmation

ence and

Electrical

Engineering,

Kyushu

University,

744

Moto-eka,

Nishi-ku,

Fukuoka

819-0395,

Japan

E-mail:nobuyuki,hirose@gmail,coni

i)

_This

_{work was}

partiat]y

supported

by

Grant-in-Aid

for

Ybung

Scientists

(B)

22730582

to

N,

H,

frem

the

Ministry

ef

Education,

Culture,

Sports,

Scien[e

and

IlechnoLogy,

Japan,

and

Grant-in-Aid

for

Scientific

Rescarch

(B)

21330169

to

S,M.

from

the

Japan

Societ}T

for

the

tion

ot

Science.

Copyright2012

CO.09

cdtm2).

All

stimuli were

_presented

in

_gray,

_green,

or

red, which were

matched

for

luminance

(22.24

cdlm2),

Search

items

were

_gray

rings

(O,910

in

diameter

drawn

with

lines

O.100

in

widrh

frem

a viewing

distance

of

57

cm) with a

_gap

(O,24e).

The

search array contained eight

items

{rings

contain-ing

a

_gap

facingthe top,

bottom,

left,

or right, each

_presented

twice)

regularLy spaced

on

the circumference of an

imaginary

circle

(3.6U

in

radius).

One

of

the

iterns

was

designated

as a

target

by

an arrow cue, which appeared simultaneously with

the

search arra}r,

The

mask

_pattern

consisted of

four

small

dots

(each

O.240

in

diameter)

_presented

on the

four

corners of an

imaginary

square

(1.350

×

1.35D

in

size) centered

en

one

of

the

possible

target

_positions.

Depending

on

the

stimu]us

condi-tion,

the

mask was either

presented

in

green

throughout

the

trial

er

its

color was changed

from

_green

to

red

during

the

tri-al,

Procedure,

Figure

1

illustrates

the

event seguence of

the

trials.

I)articipants

initiated

each

trial

by

_pressing

the space

bar.

Each

trial

began

with a

_gray

fixation

cross

_presented

for

500

ms.

In

the

no

_preview

condition,

300

ms

Later,

the

search array and

the

_green

four-dot

mask enclosing

the

target

were

presented

for

10ms.

In

the

_previerv

condition and

the

color

change condition, eight

_green

four-dotmasks, each

surround-ing

an

item

in

the

forthcoming

search array, were

presented

for

300

ms.

The

sear[h array was

then

_presented

foT

10

ms,

with

the

single mask remaining on

the

target

position,

At

the

moment uf

the

search arra}, onset,

the

mask color was

.

The

Japanese

Psychonomic

Society

A]l

rights reserved.

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

TheJapanesePsychonomic Society

94

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Journal

ef

Psychonomic

Science

Vol,

3l,

u-cCut/ ccos

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ms

Figure

1,

Schematic

of

the

event sequence.

This

is

an

example ef a color change,

dela),ed-qffket

trial,

White

outlined with

black

corresponds

to

_green,

and

black

corresponds

to

red,

The

background

coaor of

the

play

was actually black,

changed

jn

the

_preview

condition, while

it

was abruptly changed

from

_green

to

red

in

the

color change condition.

Across

allstimulus conditions,

the

four-dot

rnask

tertninated

simultaneously with

the

search array effset

{simultaneous-qtiL

set

trials)

or remained on s[reen foranother

300

ms

(delayed-qtlket

trials).

Participants

were asked

te

report the

_gap

direc-tion

efthe

target

by

_pressing

assigned keys.

Results

Figure

2

shows

the

_percentage

of correct responses

for

each

combLnation of stimulus conditien

(no

_preview,

_preview,

or color change) and mask offset

(simultaneous

or

delayed},

The

amount of masking was

defined

as

the

difference

in

perfor-rnance

between

simultaneous-offset and

delayed-offset

trials.

A

two-way

repeated measures

analysis

of variance with

stimu-lus

condition and rnask offSet as

factors

revealed significant

main effects: stimulus condjtion,

F(2,

22)=22.71,

_p<,Ol,

_and niask offset,

F(1,

11)=23,50,

_p<.Ol.

The

interaction

_between

these

factors

was also signifi[ant,

F(2,

22)=13.36,

_p<.Ol,

Paired

t-tests

revealed

that

a significantly

Larger

masking was

obtained

in

the

no

_preview

condition,

t(

1

1)

=:

5.09,

p<,Ol,

and

the

color change condition,

t(11)=3.57,p<.Ol,

relative

to

the

50

nopreview

_preview

celorchange

Preview

Condition

Figure

2,

Percentage

ofcorrect respenses

for

each

ulus condition

in

simultaneous-aelset and

delayed-q6fset

trials,

_Error

_bars

_indicate

standard error ofthe rnean.

pTeview

condition.

In

another experiment, we also

tested

the

coler change

from

_gra}r

to

red and

found

a siinilar

_pattern

of resu}ts.

Discussion

IN'e

successfully replicated the

_previeus

fiiiding

that

pre-viewing

the

mask

diminishes

_OSM

(Neill

et al.,

2002).

More

impertant,

we

found

that

an abrupt change

in

the color ofa

previewed

niask reinstates

OSM.

Recent

studies

demonstrated

that

abrupt changes

in

surface features

(such

as color) ofan es-tablished object can

disrupt

the

episodic object representation

(e.g.,

Moore,

_Stephens,

_&

_Hein,

201e),

Taken

together,

we

pro-pose

that

a sufficiently

large

color change resets

the

status of

the

_previewed

mask and allows

it

to reconipete with

the

target,

resulting

in

reinstated

OSM.

References

Di

Lollo,

V,

Enns,

_J,

'IL,

&

Rensink,

R.

A.

_C2000).

Competition

for

conscjousness among visual events:

'l'he

_{psychophysics}

of reentrant visual

_pracesses,

Journal

ofExperimental

chology,

Generat,

129,

481-507.

Moore,

C,

M.,

Stephens,

'll,

&

Hein,

E.

_(2010),

Features,

aswel]

as space and

time,

_guide

object

_persistence,

Rsychonotnic

Bultetin

di

Revieiv,

17,

731-736.

Neill,

W,

'n,

Hutchsion,

K.

A.,

&

Graves,

D.

F,

_(2002).

rvlasking

by

object substitutjon:

_Dissociation

of masking and cuing

effects,

Journal

ofExperimental

_Rsychotqgy:

H"man