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獣医療過誤訴訟の構造と動向の検討

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獣医療過誤訴訟の構造と動向の検討

(Study of the Structure and the Trend of Veterinary Medical Malpractice)

学位論文の内容の要旨

牧野 ゆき

(指導教授:新井 敏郎)

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近時の獣医療過誤訴訟は、動物に対する社会的認識のあり方の変化や、獣医学自 体の高度化を反映し、獣医療過誤訴訟特有の傾向がみられるようになってきた。

獣医療においては獣医療水準が獣医師の注意義務の基準となる。 獣医師には治 療法の選択等について一定の裁量が認められ、その範囲は獣医療水準および飼い 主の意思により限界づけられる。一方、水準的獣医療がまだ存在しない領域では、

獣医師の裁量がより広く認められている。獣医療水準は獣医師の過失判断の基準と してのみではなく、獣医師の行為義務をあらかじめ明確に規定するという点に、現実 の獣医療における意義があると考えられる。

近時、獣医療における転送が問題となった裁判例が現れている。獣医師の転送義務 は、今後も重要な論点となる可能性が高く、獣医療特有の事情を踏まえたうえでの転 送義務のあり方を検討することが今後の課題となる。

獣医師の行う説明には、①療養指導、②飼い主の承諾を得るための説明、③顛末報 告があり、主要な論点としては、療養指導のあり方、情報提供の基準、情報の内容、

情報の範囲、情報量、危険性の説明、説明の責任者、画像等の資料との関係、診療 録の開示等がある。説明にあたっては、飼い主の個性を見極めたうえで、飼い主自 身が治療法を選択するのに必要な情報を提供し、できるだけ詳細な記録を残してお くことが重要である。

動物の死傷に係る損害賠償のあり方は、①財産的損害については、飼い主の価値 観が関わる支出の賠償が認められることがより難しく、②動物は動産でありながら、そ の死傷についての慰謝料は広く認められている。慰謝料が認められる場合の範囲に ついては、動物の侵害事例は財産権侵害であることを前提として、法理論的整理を 行うことが必要である。

近時、医療領域の救済理論を適用する獣医療過誤訴訟が現れている。しかし、医療 領域の議論を獣医療に直接適用することは法理論的に常に適切とはいえず、動物 は飼い主の所有権の客体であることを前提とした法的処理を行うことが合理的と考え られる。

近時の獣医療過誤訴訟は、財産権侵害事例の一類型でありながら、多くの面で医療 過誤訴訟への接近が見られる。獣医療の高度化が進む現在、獣医療という独自の分 野の法的側面を改めて整理し、合理的な獣医事法理論の構築を試みていくことが必 要である。

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Study of the Structure and the Trend of Veterinary Medical Malpractice

(獣医療過誤訴訟の構造と動向の検討)

Abstract

MAKINO YUKI

Under supervisor of

Prof. Dr. ARAI TOSHIRO

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Recent veterinary malpractice lawsuits, decisions of courts, have reflected changes of social perspectives towards animals.

“Veterinary medical standard” is clinical standard which is required to comply with. Courts respect the discretion of veterinarian in their practice because of their “professional skills and knowledge”, subject to exercise within the limits of ”standard”. Client’s involvement in the decision-making process is also required. They leave considerable discretion to veterinarians in regard to treatment of “exotic animals” or treatment of the illnesses which have no specific treatment.

“Veterinary medical standards” have enormous implications, not only as the standards of judgment with regard to veterinarians’ malpractice, but also as the standards of “what needs to be done”.

Recently, the district courts have given decisions that veterinarians take responsibility of referral in the course of their practice. It seems likely that this responsibility would become focal issue in the veterinary field from now on so it is necessary to develop an actual and appropriate style of veterinary-specific responsibility of referral.

Veterinarians have three types of responsibilities regarding giving information the client: responsibility to provide directions the way to care, responsibility to give information to obtain informed consent from a client, responsibility to explain regarding the development. As to responsibilities to explain, important issues are such as the way to provide directions the way to care, the way to obtain clients’ informed consent, a person responsible for the explain, disclosure of related data, and so on. It is important to explain with careful thought on the characteristics of client and draw up a keep a detailed record.

In cases related to animals’ injuries, the scope of compensation of property is rather small, and on the other, they offer great flexibility to the clients’

claims for damages for mental sufferings. It would be important to organize

the reasons for the decision in a logical manner on the assumption that the

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cases of the loss of animals are one type of the cases of infringement on the property right of others.

In some veterinary malpractice lawsuits, courts have made decisions based on same logics those are applied in medical malpractice cases in order to give compensation to the patients. But it is not always adequate to apply these logics developed in medical malpractice cases to the veterinary cases.

Resolving disputes should be based on the fundamental principle that the case of the loss of animal is one of the cases of infringement on the property right of others.

Veterinary malpractice lawsuits have shown increasing resemblances to

medical lawsuits. Under the circumstances that veterinary medicine would

keep its developments, it would be necessary hereafter to reassemble the

legal theories and establish independent and reasonable “veterinary

medical law” which is associated with veterinary medical science in order to

let veterinarians use all their abilities in society.

参照

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