Examination for the method of perturbation

௉֧໩ɶඬ៟

ᇿᬝʾᅋȣəబࡐ᠔ᡨՀჼ

Examination for the method of perturbation

character recognition using the correlation

ϝ᭢ݜላჼ੘ ׉ೱ༗ໝ ιँᅐᒪ ࡨᅏ᧎߂

Marie Nikaido Kouji Kitamura Yumi Nakashima Michio Yasuda

᣺ඛ

ٛሻɶᇿᬝ໩ʾ΢ȱʭូᇾɈᷳᅖᏩשвɶ௉֧ᇿᬝៜ፡ʾᝑɮȦɀɪɨ௉֧፱܎ʾᏰՒ

׈ʾɸȱʱ᷷ೠᠳబɨɸᷳଚೃȴబࡐ̗͹̻̇͹˺ʾᅋȣə˶͇͓͡͹˶͗ͯࡵᱸʾᝑɮ ȣᷳɕɶ֜ഔʾඬ៟ɍʱ᷷ࡵᱸɰɸᷳᮗᐲቆଚೃȴబࡐ̗͹̻̇͹˺ETL6ɶଚೃȴత ࡐᨃՒʾщᅋɈə᷷ʗəᷳฉ྅̫̇͹ͯɶ࡚ᓀʣʒȽՀჼɪɶᏹʙطʸɑɰɢȣɧʟඬ៟

ɍʱ᷷

1 _̹˴̬ͯ

ɍɨɰݩٗɈə௉֧ᇿᬝ໩[1],[2]ȱʭᷳబࡐ᠔ᡨՀჼɪɶᏹʙطʸɑɰʫʱ֜ഔȳቭ᠔Ʉ ʲɧȣʱ᷷ᇿᬝʾᅋȣə̫̇͹ͯ᠔ᡨɸᷳ௉֧Հჼɪᏹʙطʸɑʱɀɪɰʫʮ̫̇͹ͯᬗɶ˼

͡ʾ᥍ཚɄɑᷳʫʮ޿ȴɮᇿᬝҐʾਁʱثᔥਵȳȞʱ᷷ೠᠳబɨɸᷳ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ɶвᒛ௉֧ɰ

ဴဠʾᐅʮᷳɕɶ௉֧፱܎ʾᏰՒ׈ɍʱɀɪɨʫʮ᠋ᏰɮᇿᬝҐʾਁʭʲʱثᔥਵɰɢȣɧඬ

៟ʾɍʱ᷷

2 _ᇖ୑ಉڐ

ᇿᬝʾ፡ՌɍʱɄȣɰɸᷳ16^{ూـɶ႒਍૾Ւ}[3]ʾᅋȣə᷷బࡐ᠔ᡨɰȮȽʱూـਵ̻˧̘

͟ɸᷳబࡐɶ˺̘͢͹˧૾Ւɰ໡ɠəʟɶɨȞʱȳᷳೠᠳబɰȮȽʱూـਵ̻˧̘͟ɸᷳబࡐ ᅖᏩȱʭᔕಒᅖᏩʋɶ໩ᐸ̻˧̘͟ɪɮɠɧȣʱ᷷16ూـɶ႒਍૾Ւɶ᠋Ᏸɸᷳᑓฑశʝɶ8

ూـɶ̻˧̘͟૾Ւʾᷳᇿࢧ૾Ւɶ೎ဳɰʫʮϝՒɈəʟɶɨȞʱ᷷܏1^{ɰᷳ႒਍૾Ւɶࡵ᭩}

ɶюʾ᝝ɍ᷷܏ɰᅋȣəᅖӆɸᷳࡵᱸɨщᅋɈɧȣʱଚೃȴతࡐȌ0Ȏɶॳܬฉ྅̫̇͹ͯʾ ᅋȣəʟɶɨȞʱ᷷

1

܏1^ḏ16ూـɶ႒਍૾Ւюdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdzdz dzdz (ΨḏԀ૾Ւɶᐲ٫ᷳιḏԏҬɶ૾ՒᷳΩḑ޷Ҭɶ૾Ւ)

→ ր ↑ տ ← ւ ↓ ց

3 _{ཌྷ჉фЍҸҪ̵ঞᘄ}

щᅋɍʱฉ྅̫̇͹ͯɸᷳᰓЭঋʾᅋȣɧщᅋɍʱ˳̷ͯ͟ɶ᧤଼ʾᝑɮɠə[4]^᷷ػ΢̫

̇͹ͯᬗɶᰓЭঋʾض˞̕˰͝ɶض˳̷ͯ͟Ƀɪɰ፡ՌɈᷳɕɶᰓЭঋȳᬨҐʾᣰȫɧȣɮȣ ݪطɸᷳฉ྅̫̇͹ͯɪɈɧ஘ᅋɍʱ᷷ʗəೠᠳబɨɸᷳ᧤ՌɈə̫̇͹ͯА޷ɰض˞̕˰͝

ɶॳܬʾɪɠə̗͹̇ʟฉ྅̫̇͹ͯɰهʝʱ᷷

ʗəᷳᬨҐʾᣰȫɧȣɮȣ˳̷ͯ͟А޷ʟ࡚ᓀՀჼʾᝑɮȦɀɪɨᷳฉ྅̫̇͹ͯɰᦝ֐ɍ ʱ᷷ɀɀɨᷳ᧤ՌɄʲəฉ྅̫̇͹ͯʾ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪዉɍʱ࡚᷷ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪщᅋɈəԀ˳

̷ͯ͟ɨ᠔ᡨՀჼʾᝑɮȣᷳ᠞ᠤȳඬՌɄʲəݪطᷳɕɶ˳̷ͯ͟ʾ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɰᦝ֐ɍ ʱ᷷ɀʲʾ᠞ᠤȳɮȸɮʱʗɨᑲʮȱȫɍɀɪɨ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯʾໃࡱɍʱ᷷

ᰓЭঋ፡Ռɰᅋȣə়ʾ়ᷳ(1)^ɰኊɍ᷷

S = (F·G)

||F|| · ||G|| (1)

়(1)^{ɨɸᷳᅲɮʱ}2^{ɢɶ̫̇͹ͯʾᬝత}F,^ᬝతGᷳɕɶᰓЭঋʾS _{ɪɈɧȣʱ᷷ʗ} əᷳ||F||ᷳ||G||ɸɕʲɗʲɶᬝతɶᕳॅᇿᬝʾ᝝Ɉᷳ||F||=

F(k,j,i)·F(k,j,i)ᷳ||G||= G(k,j,i)·G(k,j,i)ᷳᇿϠᇿᬝ(F·G)ɸᷳ(F·G) =

F(k,j,i)·G(k,j,i)ɪɍʱ᷷kɸ႒਍ᩁᷳ

j,iɸɕʲɗʲᑓฑూـɶᅖᏩвᒛʾ᝝ɍ᷷

4 _{഍۫ፃᱡိ}

ೠᠳబɨඬ៟ɍʱ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ɸᷳвᒛɰᬝɍʱ௉֧ɨȞʱ᷷ɀʲʗɨᅋȣɧȴəвᒛ௉֧

[1],[2],[3]ɸᷳబࡐԀзʾສॳȮʫʁܺᇾɰዊ֧ɄɑʱʟɶɨȞɠə᷷܏2^ɰ6×6^ᅖᏩɶᎋ שɮ͍̗͟ɨ᝝ɍ᷷ɀɶ͍̗͟ɸతҐȌ2Ȏʾ᝝ɍబࡐɨᷳीҬʾ̫̇͹ͯA^{ᷳدҬʾ̫̇͹}

ͯBɪɍʱ᷷ʗəᷳ௉֧፱܎ɸ±1^{ᅖᏩɪɍʱ̫᷷̇͹ͯ}A^ɪ̫̇͹ͯB^{ɶᇿᬝʾ፡Ռɍʱ}

Ʉȣᷳ਀೽ɶвᒛ௉֧ɸ܏2^{ɶ௉֧̫̇͹ͯ}B(^دΩ)ɶʫȦɰᅖӆԀзʾዊ֧Ʉɑʱ᷷௉֧፱

܎±1ᅖᏩɶ፱܎ɨᷳ௉֧ʾɈɮȣݪطʟهʝɧԀᨃɨ9ɢɶ௉֧̫̇͹ͯʾɪʱ᷷ɀɶ9^ዘ ɶ̫̇͹ͯB^ɪ̫̇͹ͯAɪɶᇿᬝʾɪʮᷳض௉֧Ƀɪɰᐲ٫ʾັʝᷳೋ޿ɪɮʱʟɶʾங Ꮻɍʱ᷷౓ሻɶвᒛ௉֧ʾᅋȣɧೋ޿ᇿᬝҐSʾັʝʱ়ʾ়ᷳ(2)^{ɰኊɍ᷷ᬝత}g,f ɸɕʲ ɗʲ႒਍૾Ւʾهʝʱబࡐᅖӆʾᷳpmaxɸ௉֧ᩁʾ᝝ɍ᷷

S=max

_pmax

dy=−pmax

∑

pmax

∑

dx=−pmax

₁₆

k=1

∑

jmax

∑

j=1 imax

∑

i=1

g(k,j,i)·f(k,j+dy,i+dx)

(2)

܏2^{ḏвᒛɶ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩}(^਀೽)

̫̇͹ͯA ^̫̇͹ͯB (^௉֧ձ)

̫̇͹ͯA

̫̇͹ͯB (^௉֧ৼ)

← −1^ᅖᏩ +1^ᅖᏩ→

−1↑ ᅖ Ꮹ

+1 ᅖ Ꮹ

↓

΢ూᷳೠᠳబɨඬ៟ɍʱвᒛ௉֧ɸᷳᅖӆԀзɨɸɮȸ᷾ᅖᏩɃɪɰສॳȮʫʁܺᇾɶ௉֧

ʾᝑɮȦ᷷᷾ᅖᏩשвɨɶᇿᬝʾɪʱɀɪɰʫɠɧձᦗɈəଚ໩ʫʮʟೋ޿ᇿᬝɶ᧤Ռ፱܎ȳ Ᏸȱȸɮʱɀɪȱʭᷳʫʮ᠋ᏰɮᇿᬝҐʾਁʱɀɪȳ೚৷ɨȴʱ᷷

ᠣ౦ɶəʝᷳ܏3^ɰ܏2ɪػෲɶ̫̇͹ͯʾኊɍ᷷௉֧፱܎ɸᷳ±1^{ᅖᏩɪɍʱ᷷܏ʾʙɧ} ʟ౦ʭȱɮʫȦɰᷳ௉֧ՀჼʾౄɍݪطᷳࢧዉᅖᏩʾι਒ɰ௉֧ᩁՒɶ᭭஛ᅖᏩȳਓាɪɮ ʱ᷷ʫɠɧᷳࡵ᭩ɰ᧜ᅋɍʱɄȣɸᷳబࡐᅖӆɶԀ፱܎ɰɢȣɧᇿᬝៜ፡ʾᝑɮȦəʝᷳ௉֧

ᩁՒɶо෉᯼ݓʾᅋચɍʱਓាȳȞʱ̫᷷̇͹ͯA^{ɶࢧዉᅖᏩ᷾ᅖᏩ}(^܏3^{ḏدᷳ߁ഖᨃՒ})^ɪ ɕʲɰࢧਚɍʱ̫̇͹ͯB^{ɶࢧዉᅖᏩȮʫʁ᭭஛}8^{ᅖᏩɶ፱܎}(^܏3^ḏीᷳ1∼9^ɰȞəʱ)^ɨ ᇿᬝៜ፡ʾᝑɮȣᷳضᅖᏩɃɪɶᐲ٫ʾັʝʱ᷷௉֧ɶᐁഔᷳᐲ٫ȳೋ޿ɪɮɠəʟɶɶʙʾ

஘ᅋɍʱ᷷вᒛ௉֧ʾᅋȣɧೋ޿ᇿᬝҐSʾັʝʱ়ʾ়ᷳ(3)^ɰኊɍ᷷

S=

imax−1

∑

j=

∑

_pmax

dx=−pmax

∑

pmax

∑

dy=−pmax

₁₆

k=

∑

g(k,j,i)·g(k,j+dy,i+dx)

(3)

1 2 3 4

5 6

7 8 9

܏3^ḏ1ᅖᏩשвɶвᒛ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩

̫̇͹ͯA ^̫̇͹ͯB

5 _ᥘ᦬হᶼ

ࡵᱸɰщᅋɈə̗͹̇ɸᷳᮗᐲቆଚೃȴబࡐ̗͹̻̇͹˺ETL6^{ɶଚೃȴతࡐᨃՒ}(0∼9 ɶ10^˞̕˰͝)^{ɨȞʱ̗᷷͹̇ɸ}1^{˞̕˰͝Ȟəʮ}1383బࡐȞʮᷳɀʲʾߌతᅮᇼɪҮతᅮ ᇼɶ̗͹̇ɰϝՒɈᷳ1^{˞̕˰͝Ȟəʮ}961బࡐɶϝዘᰓɶ̗͹̇ɪɈɧؙଦȦ(^АΩᷳߌత ᅮᇼɶ̗͹̇ʾȌ̫̇͹ͯoȎᷳҮతᅮᇼɶ̗͹̇ʾȌ̫̇͹ͯe^Ȏɪ៥ɍ)^{᷷ϝՒɍʱɀɪɨ}

̗͹̇ɸض691^{బࡐɪɮʮᷳ}1383ᅮᇼɶబࡐɸࡵᱸɨɸщᅋɈɮȣ᷷Ӭ̗͹̇ɸ63×64^ᅖ Ꮹɶ˨͡͹˺˪͹ᷳ͟ೠࡵᱸɨɸᎋשɮ̥ˑ˼᭎؎ʾౄɈəৼϝҐ׈ʾɈə̗͹̇ʾᅋȣɧȣ ʱ᷷᠔ᡨࡵᱸɸ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪೞሻ̫̇͹ͯɶᇿᬝʾᅋȣɧ๪។˞̕˰͝ʾඬᏫɍʱ᷷2^ዘ ᰓɶ̗͹̇ʾ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪೞሻ̫̇͹ͯɰɕʲɗʲտʮড়ɧᷳ4᦯ʮɶᏹʙطʸɑɨࡵᱸ ʾᝑɮȦ᷷᝝1ɰᷳضᏹʙطʸɑʾ៥ɍ᷷

᝝1^{ḏࡵᱸɶᏹʙطʸɑ}

ೞሻ̫̇͹ͯ

࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯ

̫̇͹ͯo ̫̇͹ͯe

̫̇͹ͯo oo eo

̫̇͹ͯe oe ee

᠔ᡨࡵᱸɰȱȱʱՀჼ౾ᬗሾᑕɶəʝ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯɰщᅋɍʱ̗͹̇ɸᷳȞʭȱɋʝӬ

̗͹̇ȱʭ႒਍ᩁፅʾ፡ՌɈᷳ๪ួ׈ʾౄɈəʟɶʾᅋચɈə᷷

๪ួ׈˳ˑ˼ɸᷳబࡐ᯼ݓȳ8×8^{ᅖᏩᷳо෉᯼ݓȳ}10×10ᅖᏩɪɈᷳо෉᯼ݓɶι਒ɰ బࡐ᯼ݓʾᨔᒛɍʱ᷷௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ɰ᧜ᅋɈə௉֧፱܎ɸᷳ±1^{ᅖᏩɪɈə᷷}

ʗəೠᠳబɨɸᷳʒȽՀჼʾౄɈəݪطɶࡵᱸʟᝑɮɠə᷷ʒȽՀჼɰ᧜ᅋɈəᨿʙѢతʾ

᝝2ɰᷳɕɈɧᷳࡵᱸɰᅋȣəᄦނʾ᝝3^{ɰ៥ɍ᷷᝝}2^ɶ|h|ɸສॳూـɶᷳ|v|ɸܺᇾూـɶ ࢧዉᅖᏩȱʭɶ᣿ᮍʾ᝝ɍ᷷

᝝2^{ḏᨿʙѢత}

0 1

0 52 21

1 21 7

᝝3^{ḏࡵᱸᄦނ}

MPU Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU 5160@ 3.00GHz ԏᨃ៥૞᝾ᒛᅋᩁ 2GB

ˮ̫ͯˑ͛ Intel(R) C++ Compiler Version 10.0

|v|

|h|

6 _হᶼᕅ๘

6.1 _ᵗձ૏

ೠᠳబɨඬ៟ɍʱ௉֧Հჼʾؙʮӿʲəࡵᱸɶᐁഔ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪೞሻ̫̇͹ͯɶᰓЭঋ ȳ100%ʾᣰȫɧɈʗȦݪطȳȞɠə᷷܏4^{ɰᷳ௉֧೎ʮ}·࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯо૾ɶᬨҐ95%^А ΨɪɈəݪطɶᷳᰓЭঋɶ̭˺̘˨͉͛ʾ᝝ɍ᷷ɀɶ˨̳͛ɸᷳ6910^{బࡐԀɧɶ˳̷ͯ͟ɶ}

๪។˞̕˰͝ᰓЭঋʾ˞˔̘ͯɈəʟɶɨȞʱ᷷ࡵᐸȳ௉֧Հჼɶʙɶᐁഔᷳ቎ᐸȳ௉֧Հჼ ɶЅɰʒȽՀჼʾౄɈəᐁഔɪɮʱ᷷ᑓ᥊ȳ˳̷ͯ͟తᷳฑ᥊ȳᰓЭঋʾ᝝Ɉᷳ100%^ʾ1000 ɪɍʱ᷷

܏4^{ɶ˨̳͛ȱʭᷳ}oo^ᷳoe^ᷳeo^ᷳeeԀɧɶᏹʙطʸɑɰȮȣɧᷳᰓЭঋȳ1000^ʾᣰȫʱݪ طȳȞʱɀɪȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ʒȽဳɈɶݪطǴᰓЭঋɸೋ޿ɨ1400ᦌȸɰɮɠəʟɶʟȞɠ ə᷷ᰓЭঋɶ̰͹˧ɸᷳɭɶᏹʙطʸɑʟ1000^{ձৼɪɮɠə᷷}

ೠ೽ᷳᰓЭঋɸػ΢̫̇͹ͯɨȞʱɪ100%ɰɮʱɪȣȦʟɶɨȞʱȳᷳӱᦗɶɪȮʮೠࡵ

ᱸɨਁʭʲəᰓЭঋȱʭɸ100%ʾᣰȫʱݪطȳቭ᠔Ʉʲɧȣʱ᷷ɀʲɸᷳೠᠳబɨᅋȣəв ᒛ௉֧ɪ๪ួ׈Հჼɪɶᏹʙطʸɑɰʫʱ৬ᯮɨȞʱɪᓏȫʭʲʱ᷷

ᇿᬝៜ፡ɰщᅋɈɧȣʱబࡐ̗͹̇ɸᷳ63×64ᅖᏩɶ̗͹̇ȱʭబࡐ፱܎ʾՓʮՌɈᷳɕ ɶబࡐ፱܎ɶᨃՒɶʙʾ8×8ᅖᏩɶ̗͹̇ʋɪ๪ួ׈ɈəʟɶɨȞʱ᷷ʫɠɧᷳ๪ួ׈ɶɄ

ȣɶᑕࣃɸᷳض˳̷ͯ͟Ƀɪɰޱ׈ɍʱɀɪɰɮʱ᷷

ʗə๪ួ׈ՀჼɶɄȣᷳӬᅖӆɪ๪ួ׈ৼɶᅖӆɶᅖᏩػޣȳ᷾ࢧ᷾ɨࢧਚɍʱɪȣȦɀɪ ɸʐʒᣮɀʭɮȣ᷷ࡵ᭩ɰɸᷳࢧਚɍʱঌฉвᒛɶᦌ஛ḃᅖᏩɰᨔՒɍʱɀɪɪɮʱ᷷ᦌ஛ḃ ᅖᏩʋɶᨔՒɶտط(^Ѣత)ɸᷳɕɶᐲ٫ȳضᅖᏩɃɪɰ᷾ɪɮʱʫȦɰៜ፡Ɉɧȣʱ᷷

ೠᠳబɨᅋȣəвᒛ௉֧ɸᷳ᷾ᅖᏩɃɪɰࢧዉᅖᏩɪ᭭஛ᅖᏩʾȞʸɑəḎᅖᏩɪɶᇿᬝʾ ɪʮᷳɕɶҐȳೋ޿ɪɮʱʟɶʾ஘ᅋɈɧȣʱ᷷ḎᅖᏩɶɭʲʾ஘ᅋɍʱȱɸضᅖᏩɶៜ፡ᐁ ഔɰʫɠɧޱ׈Ɉܑᷳࡱɨɸɮȣ᷷ɢʗʮᷳ๪ួ׈ɶɄȣɰೋ޿ɨ᷾ɪɮʱʫȦտʮড়ɧʭʲ ɧȣʱѢతɶᨔՒȳɏʲɧȸʱɀɪɰɮʱ᷷Ѕ˳̷ͯ͟ɪɶЪᑕɶຘოʟɕʴɠɧȣɮȣə ʝᷳᅲɮʱ˳̷ͯ͟ᬗɨɸ႒ɰᷳ๪ួ׈ɰʫʱ˼͡ɶ৬ᯮʾؚȽɧɈʗȦثᔥਵȳȞʱ᷷

ɀɶ๪ួ׈ɰʫʱ˼͡ʾᑀ٫ɍʱࢧፎɪɈɧᷳʒȽՀჼʾౄɈəࡵᱸʾᝑɮɠə᷷܏4^ȱ ʭᷳʒȽဳɈɶݪطɪຘʍɧᰓЭঋȳԀзᇒɰཚࢶɈɧȣʱɀɪȱʭɕɶ֜ഔȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷

ʒȽဳɈɶݪطɶᰓЭঋɸᷳೋ޿ɨ1400ᦌȸɶҐȳቭ᠔ɄʲəȳᷳʒȽ೎ʮɶݪطɸೋ޿ɨ ʟ1200ᦌȸʗɨɰཚࢶɈɧȣʱ᷷

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal with blur

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal with blur

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal with blur

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal with blur

܏4ḏ᠔ᡨ౾ɶᰓЭঋ̭˺̘˨͉͛

oo oe

eo ee

܏5^ɰ܏4ɶ̭˺̘˨͉͛ʾ˞̕˰͝ɃɪɰՒȽɧ᝝ኊɈəʟɶʾኊɍ᷷˨̳͛ɰщᅋɈ ə̗͹̇ɸᷳʒȽՀჼဳɈɨᏹʙطʸɑȳoo^{ɶʟɶɨȞʱ᷷}

˨̳͛ȱʭᷳԀ˞̕˰͝ɰȮȣɧᰓЭঋ1000ձৼɰ̰͹˧ȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ʗəᷳ˞̕˰

͝ ”^᷾”^{ɶݪطɶʙᰓЭঋȳ}1300∼1400ውঋʗɨቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ɀʲɸᷳ᷾ɪȣȦబࡐᅖӆɶ

๪ួ׈ՀჼɰᬝѢɈɧȣʱɪਰʸʲʱ᷷Ԋзᇒɰɸᷳ᷾ɪȣȦబࡐɸᷳЅɶబࡐɪຘ᥏Ɉɧᑓ ᬌɶৣႢʾɈɧȮʮᷳ๪ួ׈ৼʟᑓᬌɶৣႢʾѰɧʱʫȦᷳສॳూـɶЪᑕოʾងదɈɧȣʱ ɪȣȦဠɨȞʱ᷷

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 0oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 1oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 2oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 3oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 4oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 5oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 6oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 7oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 8oo

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 normal 9oo

܏5ḏض˞̕˰͝Ƀɪɶ᠔ᡨ౾ɶᰓЭঋ̭˺̘˨͉͛(oo)

category ”0” category ”1” category ”2”

category ”3” category ”4” category ”5”

category ”6” category ”7” category ”8”

category ”9”

6.2 ঞᘄфЍҸҪ̵ϰҪїғ൨̤ᥢᥨ൰ঔ൨

щᅋɍʱᇿᬝៜ፡(^{௉֧Հჼʾهʚ})^ɪᬨҐ(3^፯؏၄)ɰʫʮ࡚ᷳᓀ̫̇͹ͯɪɈɧඬՌɄ ʲʱ˳̷ͯ͟తɸޱ֧ɍʱ᷷܏6^ɪ᝝4ɰ௉֧ᇿᬝʾᅋȣə࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɶ᧤଼తʾኊɍ࡚᷷

ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɰ஘ᅋɄʲਁʱԀ˳̷ͯ͟తɸᷳॳܬ̫̇͹ͯʟطʸɑɧ6920^{బࡐɨȞʱ᷷˨͛}

̳ɶᑓ᥊ɸ᧤଼˳̷ͯ͟తᷳฑ᥊ɸᬨҐʾ᝝ɍ᷷

ʗɏɸᷳвᒛ௉֧೎ʮɶݪطɰɢȣɧᦗʍʱ᷷܏6^ᷳ᝝4ȱʭᷳҮతɪߌతɰʫʱ᧐ȣɸత

బࡐ∼כబࡐውঋɪɮʮᷳʒȽ೎ʮ·ဳɈɶؕ

ూɨ̫̇͹ͯɰʫʱॄɰ႒ࡱɶӀـɸʙʭʲɮ ȱɠə᷷ʒȽՀჼɰᬝɈɧ໳ᇼʾɈɧʙʱɪᷳ

ᬨҐ97%ʾނɰʒȽ೎ʮɶݪطɶ᧤଼˳̷ͯ͟

తȱʭ1%^Ƀɪɰ1000^{బࡐውঋɶΨౢȳʙʭ} ʲᷳʒȽဳɈɶݪطɰຘʍ᧤଼˳̷ͯ͟తɶΨ

ౢȳᘼɈȣɀɪȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ɀʲɸᷳӱɰᦗ ʍəᰓЭঋɶ̭˺̘˨͉͛ȱʭᠣ౦ɨȴʱ᷷ʒ ȽဳɈɰຘʍɧᷳʒȽ೎ʮɶూȳԀзᇒɰᰓЭ ঋȳгȣ᷷ʫɠɧᷳʒȽ೎ʮɶݪطɶూȳ͝˺

̘ɰᦝ֐ɍʱɄȣɰັʝʭʲʱᬨҐȳгȸɮʱ ɪȣȦɀɪɰɮʱ᷷

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000

90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 pettern o

pettern e pettern o with blur pettern e with blur

܏6^{ḏ᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟త} (^௉֧೎ʮ)

๓ɰᷳ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾщᅋɈɮȱɠəݪطɶ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɶ˳̷ͯ͟తɪຘ᥏ʾɍʱ᷷᝝5 ɰᷳ௉֧ဳɈɶݪطɶ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɶ˳̷ͯ͟తʾኊɍ᷷௉֧ᇿᬝʾщᅋɈɧȣɮȣəʝೋ޿

ɶᰓЭঋɸ100%ɪɮʮᷳັʝʭʲʱᬨҐɶҐɸ޿ȴȸᅲɮɠɧȸʱ᷷ɕɶəʝᷳ᧤଼˳̷ͯ

͟తȳػውঋɶ፱܎ɨȞʱ̗͹̇ʾ଻Ꭺɍʱ᷷

᝝5^{ȱʭ̫ᷳ̇͹ͯ}e^ɪo^ɶॄȳᬨҐ88%^АΨɨ100బࡐАΨඬՌɄʲɧȣʱɀɪȳቭ᠔ ɨȴʱ᷷௉֧೎ʮɶݪطɪຘʍɧᷳԀзᇒɰ̫̇͹ͯᬗɶॄȳ޿ȴȸɮʱӀـȳʙʭʲʱ᷷

᝝4^{ḏ᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟త}(^௉֧೎ʮ)

90% 91% 92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99%

o 116^బࡐ 136^బࡐ 177^బࡐ 239^బࡐ 358^బࡐ 600^బࡐ 1035^బࡐ 1643^బࡐ 2480^బࡐ 3520^బࡐ

e 93 113 134 200 329 616 1010 1664 2530 3500

o 109 133 151 193 278 437 812 1567 2864 4465

e 99 99 111 158 255 438 808 1509 2778 4319

ʒȽ Հჼ ^̫̇

͹ͯ

ᬨҐ

ဳ Ɉ

೎ ʮ

᝝5^{ḏ᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟త}(^௉֧ဳɈ)

80% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92%

o 258^బࡐ 357^బࡐ 500^బࡐ 758^బࡐ 1275^బࡐ 2185^బࡐ 3602^బࡐ

e 223 303 443 680 1159 2028 3469

̫̇

͹ͯ

ᬨҐ

๓ɰᷳ᠔ᡨ˶͇͓͡͹˶͗ͯɶᐁഔ(᠞ᠤబࡐతȮʫʁ๪ᠤო)ɰɢȣɧɶᐁഔʾ៥ɍ᷷܏7 ɰ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾᅋȣəݪطɶ᠞ᠤబࡐతɶ˨̳͛ʾᷳ᝝6ɰ᠞ᠤబࡐతɪ๪ᠤოʾኊɍ᷷ػɋ

̫̇͹ͯɶᏹʙطʸɑ(oo, ee)ɰɢȣɧɸ࡚ᷳᓀ˳̷ͯ͟ʾ᧤଼ɍʱ౾ဠɨ᠞ᠤȳဳȸɮʱʗ ɨՀჼʾᑲʮȱȫɈɧȣʱəʝᷳᐁഔʾሂᅪɈɧȣʱ᷷

ᬨҐȳ޿ȴȣɪщᅋɍʱ࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟తȳޅȫʱəʝᷳড়ဵ᠔ᡨɶᏁঋɸΨȳʱӀـɰȞ ʱ᷷əɚɈᷳຘ᥏ɍʱࢧዉȳޅȫʱɀɪɨʫȽȣɮ᠞ᠤʾޅʣɍثᔥਵʟɨɧȸʱəʝᷳਓɏ ɈʟᬨҐȳ޿ȴȣʐɭ᠔ᡨოȳᖧȸɮʱʸȽɨɸɮȣ(юɪɈɧᷳʒȽՀჼဳɈ ᏹʙطʸɑoe ɶ94%∼96%^ɶݪطፅ)᷷ʒȽՀჼɶ೎ဳɨຘ᥏ʾɍʱɪᷳ܏7ȱʭʟʸȱʱʫȦɰᷳʒȽ೎

ʮɶݪطɶూȳᏹʙطʸɑɰʫʱ᠞ᠤబࡐతɶॄȳࢶɮȣӀـȳȞʱɀɪȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ɀɶ ɀɪȱʭᷳʒȽՀჼɸᰓЭঋɶងదɚȽɨɸɮȸ̫ᷳ̇͹ͯɶ᧐ȣɰʫʱॄʾ᥍ཚɄɑʱ֜ഔ ʟȞʱɪᓏȫʭʲʱ᷷

௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾᅋȣəೋᖧɶᐁഔɪɈɧɸᷳᬨҐ99%^ᏹʙطʸɑoe^{ɶݪطɨᷳ᠞ᠤబࡐత} 10^బࡐ(^๪ᠤო99.86%)ɪɮɠə᷷ʒȽՀჼ೎ʮɶݪطɰᬝɈɧʟػෲɶᐁഔɨȞʮ̫ᷳ̇͹

ͯɰʫʱॄʾ᥍ཚɍʱɀɪɸɨȴɧʟ᠔ᡨᏁঋʾΨȾʱȣȦဠɨɸ႒ፃɍʍȴ֜ഔɸਁʭʲɮ ȱɠə᷷

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

93 94 95 96 97 98 99

oeeo

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

93 94 95 96 97 98 99

oe with blur eo with blur

܏7^{ḏ᠞ᠤబࡐత}(ीḏʒȽဳɈᷳدḏʒȽ೎ʮ)

᝝6^{ḏ᠞ᠤబࡐతɪ๪ᠤო}(^௉֧೎ʮ)

ᬨҐ 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99%

ဳ oe 15^బࡐ 10^బࡐ 11^బࡐ 12^బࡐ 11^బࡐ 10^బࡐ 10^బࡐ Ɉ eo 26 24 17 16 15 15 15

೎ oe 20 22 19 20 14 12 10 ʮ eo 19 21 18 13 11 12 11

ဳ oe 99.78^% 99.86^% 99.84^% 99.83^% 99.84^% 99.86^% 99.86^% Ɉ eo 99.62 99.65 99.75 99.77 99.78 99.78 99.78

೎ oe 99.71 99.68 99.73 99.71 99.80 99.83 99.86 ʮ eo 99.73 99.70 99.74 99.81 99.84 99.83 99.84 ʒȽ

Հჼ ᏹʙطʸɑ

᠞ ᠤ బ ࡐ త

๪ ᠤ ო

๓ɰᷳ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾᅋȣɮȱɠəݪطɶࡵᱸᐁഔʾ᝝7ɰ៥ɍ᷷ӱɰʟᦗʍəʫȦɰᷳᬨҐ ɶ፱܎ɸ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾᅋȣəݪطɪ޿ȴȸᅲɮʱəʝᷳ᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟తɶᐁഔʟᓏૂɈɮ ȳʭຘ᥏ɍʱ᷷

ೋᖧɶᐁഔɨᷳᬨҐ92%^ᏹʙطʸɑoe^{ɶݪطɶ᠞ᠤబࡐత}5^బࡐ(^๪ᠤო99.93%)^ɨȞɠ ə᷷᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟తɸ3602^బࡐ(^̫̇͹ͯo)ɨȞʮᷳ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾᅋȣəݪطɨػፅɶ

᧤଼࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟తʾ୨ɢ̗͹̇ɸᷳᬨҐ99%^ɶ3520^బࡐ(^{ʒȽဳɈ ̫̇͹ͯ}o)^ɪɮʱ᷷

ɀɶ2ɢɶ̗͹̇ʾຘ᥏ɍʱɪᷳ᠞ᠤబࡐత5^{బࡐᷳ๪ᠤოɰɈɧ}0.07%^{௉֧ဳɈɶూȳΨ} ʗʸɠɧȣʱ᷷᧤଼˳̷ͯ͟తʾᓏૂɈɧЅɶᬨҐɶݪطʾຘ᥏Ɉɧʟᷳʐʒ௉֧ဳɈɶݪط ɶ๪ᠤოɶూȳΨʗʸʱᐁഔɪɮɠə᷷

᝝7^{ḏ᠞ᠤబࡐతɪ๪ᠤო}(^௉֧ဳɈ)

ᬨҐ 80% 82% 84% 86% 88% 90% 92%

oe 18^బࡐ 12^బࡐ 14^బࡐ 12^బࡐ 8^బࡐ 6^బࡐ 5^బࡐ

eo 23 19 17 13 10 9 9

oe 99.74^% 99.83^% 99.80^% 99.83^% 99.88^% 99.91^% 99.93^% eo 99.67 99.73 99.75 99.81 99.86 99.87 99.87 ᏹʙطʸɑ

᠞ ᠤ బࡐత

๪ᠤ ო

6.3 _ڄቀෂᱛ

ೋৼɰᷳೠᠳబɨᝑɮɠə᠔ᡨ˶͇͓͡͹˶͗ͯࡵᱸɶՀჼ౾ᬗɰɢȣɧݩٗɍʱ᷷܏8^ɪ

᝝8ɰ᠔ᡨՀჼɰាɈəՀჼ౾ᬗʾኊɍ᷷˨̳͛ɸ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ʾщᅋɈəʟɶɨᷳᏹʙطʸɑ ɸoeɶ̗͹̇ɨȞʱ᷷ฑ᥊ɸᬨҐ(^שвḏ%)^{ᷳᑓ᥊ɸՀჼ౾ᬗ}(^שвḏኾ)^{ɪɍʱ᷷ʗəᷳࡵ}

ᐸɸʒȽՀჼဳɈɶݪطᷳ቎ᐸɸʒȽՀჼ೎ʮɶݪطʾ᝝ʸɍ᷷

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99

normal with blur

܏8^{ḏ᠔ᡨՀჼ౾ᬗ}(вᒛ௉֧ᇿᬝщᅋᷳᏹʙطʸɑoe)

᝝8^{ḏ᠔ᡨՀჼ౾ᬗ}(^{вᒛ௉֧ᇿᬝщᅋ})

92% 93% 94% 95% 96% 97% 98% 99%

ဳ oe 11s 19s 27s 44s 75s 119s 185s 267s

Ɉ eo 11 16 25 45 73 121 190 272

೎ oe 13 15 21 32 59 114 214 333 ʮ eo 10 13 20 32 58 109 206 322 ʒȽ

Հჼ ᏹʙطʸɑ ᬨҐ

᠔ᡨՀჼ౾ᬗʾඬ៟ɍʱΨɨᷳᨿាɰɮɠɧȸʱɶɸ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɶబࡐత(^᝝4^؏၄)^ɨ Ȟʱ᷷᠔ᡨՀჼɨɸᷳ᧤ՌɄʲə࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟Ԁɧɪೞሻబࡐ̫̇͹ͯɪᇿᬝʾɪʱəʝ࡚ᷳ

ᓀ̫̇͹ͯȳ޺ȣውՀჼ౾ᬗʾាɍʱɀɪɰɮʱ᷷

᝝4^ȱʭᬨҐ97%АΩɶ̗͹̇ɨɸᷳʒȽՀჼဳɈɶూȳ࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟తȳ޺ȣ᷷ɀɶဠ ʾᤎʗȫɧ܏8^ʣ᝝8ɶՀჼ౾ᬗʾඬ៟ɍʱɪᷳʒȽՀჼʫʮʟοɰ࡚ᓀ̫̇͹ͯɶబࡐతȳ Հჼ౾ᬗɰ৬ᯮʾȮʫʒɈɧȣʱɀɪȳቭ᠔ɨȴʱ᷷ᏹʙطʸɑoe^ᬨҐ92%^{ɶݪطɨɸᷳʒ} ȽՀჼ೎ʮɶూȳ2ኾ޺ȸȱȱɠɧȣʱȳᷳɕʲА޷ɶ̗͹̇ɨɸᷳᬨҐ98%^{ʾᣰȫʱʗɨ} Հჼ౾ᬗȳᦢ᥇ɍʱɀɪɸဳȣ᷷ɀɶɀɪȱʭᷳ᠔ᡨՀჼɰȮȣɧʒȽՀჼɰʫʱՀჼ౾ᬗɶ ৬ᯮɸᷳʐʒဳȣʟɶɪਰʸʲʱ᷷

7 _̤ͥͯ

ࡵᱸɶᐁഔȱʭᷳᓏ൙ɍʱвᒛ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ȱʭɸ႒ፃɍʍȴ֜ഔɸቭ᠔ɨȴɮȱɠə᷷Ɉȱ ɈᷳᰓЭঋɶڦᰊɮɭೠᠳబɶ˶͇͓͡͹˶͗ͯࡵᱸɨɸʗɚ។ໃɈɧȣɮȣϜ᯲ȳȞʱɀɪ ȱʭᷳఏᖧɶлҐɸȞʱɪਰʸʲʱ᷷

ϾৼɶᠦᰊɪɈɧᷳᰓЭঋɶងదʾهʝə๪ួ׈ՀჼɶូᇾɈʣЅɶ௉֧Հჼɪɶᏹʙطʸ ɑፅᷳɄʭɮʱඬ៟ȳਓាɨȞʱ᷷

ݓᘓ൰ሊ

[1] ׉ೱᷳϝ᭢ݜᷳιँᷳࡨᅏḏ”^{᧜ਚ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ɶ஭൙}”^{ᷳѲ࡚ବݩᷳ}PRMU2005-77 [2] ׉ೱᷳϝ᭢ݜᷳιँᷳࡨᅏḏ”బࡐ᠔ᡨɶəʝɶ᧜ਚ௉֧ᇿᬝ໩ɶ஭൙”^{ᷳ౦౭޿࡚ቆዲ}

Ꮨា–^੸ݩ࡚ᨃ–^ጽ14^رᷳॳ૾18^ॴ3^್

[3] ϝ᭢ݜᷳ׉ೱᷳιँᷳࡨᅏḏ”ᐸᏩ႒਍ɶଡ଼৐ɪɕɶ֜ഔ”^{ᷳ౦౭޿࡚ቆዲᏘា}–^੸ݩ࡚ᨃ– ጽ19^{ر ॳ૾}23^ॴ3^್

[4] ϝ᭢ݜᷳ׉ೱᷳιँᷳࡨᅏḏ”ᰓЭঋᝑ՛ʾᅋȣʱ࡚ᓀ˳̷ͯ͟ɶ᧤଼໩”^{ᷳ౦౭޿࡚ቆ} ዲᏘា–^੸ݩ࡚ᨃ–^ጽ20^ر3^್