⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱ࡢከᵝ㛵ࡍࡿ⌧≧ㄢ㢟㸦㸯㸧
Ѹࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀ┠ࡋ࡚Ѹ
ᯇ ᒣ ᭷ ⨾
せ㸸
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ከᵝࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵࡢ୍ࡋ࡚ከ ᩥಖ⫱ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࡑࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ┠ⓗࡢ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵ⡿ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ ᭱ࡶከᩥ࡞♫ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᮾᾏᓊࡢ㒔ᕷࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞ࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿಖ⫱ࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ୰࡛ࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࡢ᭷ࡾᵝࡣࠊᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ಖ⫱ࡢႠࡳࡢ୰ ᩓࡾࡤࡵࡽࢀࡓാࡁࡅࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᏊࡶࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ྜࢃࡏࡓከ ᩥⓗ࡞άືࡣࠊᏊࡶࡢಶேࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗㞟ᅋࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆಁࡍᙺࢆ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ ࠼ࡿࠋ ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸⡿ᅜࠊከᩥඹ⏕ࠊಖ⫱ࡢከᵝࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࠊಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡣࡌࡵ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊከᵝࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡢ୍ࡋ࡚ࠊ㛗࠸Ṕྐࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᡂ⇍ࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿከᩥ♫ ࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿከᩥಖ⫱ձࢆࠊ୍ᗘࠊ❧ࡕṆࡲࡗ࡚⪃ᐹࡋࠊࡑࡇ₯ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿㄢ㢟ࢆ ᨵࡵ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢヨㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋே✀ࠊᛶᕪࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸ࠊẸ᪘ࡸ᐀ᩍ࡞ከᵝ࡞⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘேࠎ ࡀඹ⏕ࡁࡿ♫࠾ࡅࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡽከᵝ࡞ᩥࢆ▱ࡾࠊ࠾࠸ࡢከᵝ ᛶࢆㄆࡵࠊ೫ぢࡸᕪูࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡉ࡞࠸ᖹ➼࡞♫ࢆᕼồࡍࡿ♫ࡢ୍ဨ࡞ࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓᐇ ㊶࡛࠶ࡿࠋᢎ▱ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣ㐩ࡸಖ⫱⪅ࡢᛂ⟅ⓗ࡞㛵ࢃࡾࢆᣢ࡚ࡿ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ᒎ㛤 ࡉࢀࡿᵝࠎ࡞㐟ࡧࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊඹឤࡸಙ㢗ࡢⱆࢆ⫱ࡴྠࠊ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࡸ⮬ᕫㄆ▱ࡢ᰿ࢆᙉࡃ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋࡑࢀᨾࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ᪥ࠎࡢಖ⫱࠾ࡅࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᒎ㛤ࡣࠊከᵝ࡞⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘேࠎࡀ ඹᬽࡽࡍከᩥඹ⏕♫ࡀồࡵࡿ♫ࡢ୍ဨࡋ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆ⫱ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢሙࡋ࡚ ᵝࠎ࡞ᙺࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿղࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛༑ศ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡣ࠸࠸ࡀࡓ࠸ճࠋ≉ ࠊᩓぢࡉࢀࡿከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶ࡢሗ࿌ࡸḢᕞࠊࢪᅪ࠾ࡅࡿ ከᩥಖ⫱ࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࡢ᳨ウࢆ୰ᚰㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊከᩥ♫ࡢࣇࣟࣥ ࢺࣛࣥࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ᅜὀ┠ࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡛ࡢከᩥಖ⫱ࡢ⌧≧ㄢ㢟ࢆࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ,⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥ♫ࡢṔྐ⌧≧
,,⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱
ࢆ㏻ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊከᵝ࡞ᩥࡀඹ⏕ࡍࡿ♫࠾࠸࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿಖ⫱ࡢጼࡢ ୍➃ࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿ◊✲ࢆ✚ࡳୖࡆࠊࡑࡇ₯ࡴㄢ 㢟ࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢヨㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ,⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥ♫ࡢṔྐ⌧≧
ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊ⡿ᅜࡢከᩥ♫ࢆᴫほࡍࡿࠋ⡿ᅜࡣୡ⏺᭷ᩘࡢከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢṔྐࡣࠊ ࢥࣟࣥࣈࢫࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝㝣Ⓨぢࡲ࡛㐳ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡢṔྐࡣከᩥ♫ᵓ⠏ࡢṔྐࡑࡢࡶࡢゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࢥࣟࣥࣈࢫࡢࠕⓎぢࠖ௨㝆ࠊ㔞ࡢ⛣Ẹࡀࢠࣜࢫࠊࢻࢶࠊࣝࣛࣥࢻࡸࢱࣜ➼ࡢ࣮ࣚ ࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜࡽ࣓ࣜ࢝㝣ୖ㝣ࡋࠊඛఫẸ᪘ࡢத࠸ᦢྲྀ࠸࠺㈇ࡢṔྐࢆ⏕ࢇࡔࠋࡑࡢ ᚋࠊࣇࣜ࢝ㅖᅜࠊࢪㅖᅜࡑࡋ࡚୰༡⡿ࡢᅜࠎࡽከᵝ࡞ᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘேࠎࡀࠊ⡿ᅜ♫ ὶධࡋࠊᙼࡽ࣭ᙼዪࡽࡣያ㞔ࠊປാ⪅ࠊ㞴Ẹࠊஸ⪅ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕➼ࠊᵝࠎ࡞❧ሙ࡛⮬ᅜࢆ㞳ࢀ ⡿ᅜ♫ࡢ୍ဨࡋ࡚ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ࡸᐙ᪘ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ࡢ⡿ᅜ࠸࠺ከᩥ♫ࢆᵓ ⠏ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࠊከᵝ࡞ᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘேࠎࡀ⡿ᅜ♫ὶධࡍࡿᵝࡣࠊከᵝ࡞ᩥࡀΰࡊࡾྜ࠺ ࡇࡼࡗ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥࡀㄌ⏕ࡍࡿ♫ࢆ⾲ࡍࠕே✀ࡢࡿࡘࡰࠖゝࢃࢀࠊྠࡼࡗ୍࡚ࡘࡢ ᪂ࡋ࠸ᩥࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ♫ࢆ⾲㇟ࡍࡿࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢᚋᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓᩥⓗྠ ⩏ࡢᢈุࡽࠊࡑࡢጼࡣྠ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃከᵝ࡞ᩥࡀ࠾࠸ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽඹ⏕ࡍࡿ♫ࢆ ⾲ࡍࠕࢧࣛࢲ࣭࣎࢘ࣝࠖࠕࣔࢨࢡࠖࡋ࡚ኚᐜࡋࠊே✀ࠊẸ᪘ࠊ㝵ᒙࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊ᐀ᩍ➼㛵 ࢃࡽࡎࡍ࡚ࡢேࡀࠕ⮬⏤ᖹ➼ࠖࢆᕼồࡍࡿ♫⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᐇ㝿ࠊ ᖺ ᗘ⡿ᅜᅜໃㄪᰝᒁ 86&HQVXV%XUHDX ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡿᅜໃㄪᰝࡼࡿ ࠊ⡿ᅜ♫ࡢ ேࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿே✀ࡣከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋᅜໃㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎ ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊ࢝ࣜࣈᾏᆅᇦࠊࣛࢸ࣓ࣥࣜ࢝➼ࡢࢫ࣌ࣥᩥࢆ㉳※ࡍࡿேࠎࢆ⾲ࡍࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵ ࢡ⣔࡛࠶ࡿྰࡀၥࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊࡀࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡ⣔ᅇ⟅ࡋࠊ㠀ࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡ⣔ ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ 㸣ࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡣࢠࣜࢫࠊࣝࣛࣥࢻࠊࢻࢶࡸࢱࣜ➼ࡢ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃㅖᅜ ࢆ㉳※ࡍࡿ㠀ࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡ⣔ⓑே࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞ே✀ᵓᡂࡣࠊⓑ ே ࠊ㯮ே㸦ࣇࣜ࢝⣔࣓ࣜ࢝ே㸧ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࣥࣥࢹࣥ➼ ࠊࢪ⣔ ࠊ ࣁ࣡ඛఫẸ➼ ࠊࡑࡢࡢே✀ ࠊࡘ௨ୖࡢே✀ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿմࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⡿ᅜయ࠾࠸࡚㠀ࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡ⣔ⓑேࡀከᩘὴ㸦࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀ ࢃࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡢྜࡣࠊᚎࠎῶᑡഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࡣᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ㄪᰝࡽ᫂ࡽ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿյࠋᐇ㝿ࠊࠊ㠀ࣄࢫࣃࢽࢵࢡ⣔ⓑேࡀࡑࡢࡢே✀ࡢᩘࢆୗᅇࡾࠊᑡᩘὴ㸦࣐ࣀࣜࢸ 㸧ࡀ࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦࡶฟ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⡿ᅜ♫࠾ࡅࡿከᩥ ᛶࡣࠊࡑࡢṔྐࡣࡶࡕࢁࢇࡢࡇ⌧ᅾࡢጼࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ,,⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱
ඛ㏙ࡢ㏻ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡣከᵝ࡞ே✀ࡀඹ⏕ࡍࡿ♫࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊࡑࡇఫࡲ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࡢ⏕Ѹࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀ┠ࡋ࡚Ѹ άࡶࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊᐙᗞእ࡛㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡍಖ⫱ࡢሙ࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢከ ᵝᛶᐤࡾῧ࠺ᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡽᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ㸱ṓ ࡈࢁࡣࡲ࡛ࡣࠊ⮬ศ㐩ࡸ࿘ࡾࡢேࡢ㛫Ꮡᅾࡍࡿே✀ࡸࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ┦㐪Ẽࡀࡘ ࡃ࠸࠺ࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿնࠋࡲࡓࠊ⪅ࡢ┦㐪㢮ఝⅬࡢ⌮ゎࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕ⮬㌟ ࡢ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࡢⱆ⏕࠼ᙉ࠸⧅ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿࡺ࠼ࠊከᩥⓗ࡞どⅬࢆࡶࡗࡓಖ⫱ࡢാࡁࡅࡢ㔜 せᛶࢆᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣࠊஙᗂඣᮇࡽࡢከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᑟධࢆ✚ᴟⓗᒎ㛤ࡍࡿᚲ せᛶࢆᙉࡃᙇࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⡿ᅜ࠾࠸࡚ᅜ࡛⤫୍ࡉࢀࡓከᩥಖ⫱ࡢಖ⫱࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡸไᗘ➼ࡣࠊ࠸ ࡲࡔᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽࠊಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿ࡞ᨻ⟇ࡸไᗘ➼ࡣࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡼࡿ⟇ᐃ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃྛᕞࡢ༨᭷㡯ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢෆᐜࡣྛᕞ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢᕞ࠶ࡿ⮬య ࡢ≧ἣྜࢃࡏࡓ࣮ࣝࣝࡢୗ࡛㐠⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾࠊ⥲ேཱྀࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ ேࡢ ṓ௨ୗࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠊ⡿ᅜࡢಖ⫱ࢆᴫほࡍࡿࡇࡣ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ ୖ࡛ࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᴫࡡࡢጼࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿշࠋ ᑵᏛ๓ࡢࡇࡶᑐࡍࡿࢣࡸᩍ⫱ࡣࠊᑵᏛ๓ᩍ⫱㸦.LQGHUJDUWHQ3UH.LQGHUJDUWHQ㸧ࠊ タᆺಖ⫱㸦&HQWHUEDVHG&KLOG&DUH㸧ࠊᐙᗞⓗಖ⫱㸦)DPLO\&KLOG&DUH㸧ࠊᒃᏯゼၥᆺ㸦%DE\ 6LWWHU$X3DLU㸧ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࣊ࢵࢻࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ࣭᪩ᮇ࣊ࢵࢻࢫࢱ࣮ࢺ㸦+HDG6WDUW(DUO\+HDG6WDUW㸧 ࡢ ༊ศ࡛㐠⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᴫࡡ㸲ࠥ㸳ṓඣࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓᑵᏛ๓ᩍ⫱ࡣࠊබ❧ᑠᏛᰯేタࡉࢀ ࡓタ࠾ࡅࡿᑠᏛᰯධᏛ๓ࡢ‽ഛᩍ⫱ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ ᪥ࡶࡋࡃࡣ༙᪥ࡢ࢝ࣜ࢟ ࣒ࣗࣛࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀከࡃࡢᕞ࡛⩏ົࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊㄞࡳ᭩ࡁࡸィ⟬ࢆྵࡵᑠᏛᰯ ࠾࠸࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡿᵝࠎ࡞⏕ά⩦័ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡡࡽ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㸮ṓඣࠥ㸱ṓඣࢆ ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡣࠊ㛗ࡽࡃ⚾ⓗ㡿ᇦࡋ࡚ಖㆤ⪅ࡢ⮬ຓດຊࡼࡗ࡚ᢸࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀࡺ ࠼ࠊබࡢධࡣ᭱ᑠ㝈ᢚ࠼ࡽࢀ࠾ࡾࠊ⪅ࡼࡗ࡚ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿಖ⫱ࡣࠊࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡋ࡚ಖ⫱ࢆ ᥦ౪ࡍࡿಖ⫱ᴗࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆ࡚ࡁࡓ 132 ࡸᆅᇦࡢᩍ࡞ࡀయ࡞ ࡾࠊಖㆤ⪅ࡢᑵປ➼ࡼࡾಖ⫱ࡀᚲせ࡞Ꮚࡶࡓࡕಖ⫱ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ+HDG 6WDUW(DUO\ +HDG6WDUW ࡣࠊ㈋ᅔ࡞ᐙᗞ࠾ࡅࡿ㣴⫱ᅔ㞴ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀᑵᏛ๓ࡢ‽ഛࡸᮃࡲ ࡋ࠸⏕ά⩦័ࢆ⋓ᚓࡍࡿࡓࡵබⓗ㈨㔠ࡼࡗ࡚㐠Ⴀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿタ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᕞࡸᆅᇦࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ᑟࡢಖ⫱ࡣࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡽࡢධࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡛ࠊᆅᇦఫ ࡲ࠺Ꮚࡶࡸࡑࡢಖㆤ⪅ᐤࡾῧ࠺ᙧ࡛Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋከᩥಖ⫱ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᨭࡶእ࡛ࡣ࡞ ࡃࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣྛᆅᇦࡢಖㆤ⪅ࡸᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢࢽ࣮ࢬᛂ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉ࠊⱥ ㄒࢆẕᅜㄒࡋ࡞࠸ಖㆤ⪅ࡸᏊࡶᑐࡍࡿᨭࡸ᐀ᩍⓗつᚊࡼࡿ㣗➼㛵ࢃࡿ⏕ά⩦័ ᐤࡾῧ࠺ᨭࡣከࡃࡢᐇ㊶ࡀ࠶ࡿոࠋࡲࡓࠊᏊ⫱࡚ᨭࡸಖ⫱⏝㛵ࢃࡿ᭩㢮ࢆࢫ࣌ࣥㄒࠊ ࣛࣅㄒࠊ୰ᅜㄒ࡞ⱥㄒ௨እࡢゝㄒ࡛⾲グࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ⡿ྛᆅ࡛ࡳࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊከ ࡃࡢಖ⫱タ࡛ࡣᮅ㣗ࠊ㣗ࠊ࠾ࡸࡘࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡀࠊ㇜⫗㝖ཤ㣗ࠊ࢝ࣇ࢙ࣥ㝖ཤࠊ࣋ࢪࢱࣜ ࣥ࡞ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ࢆ㉳ᅉࡍࡿ㝖ཤ㣗ࡣࡇ࡞ࡿ⌮⏤࡛ࡢ㣗ไ㝈ࡶᗈࡃᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᐇ㊶ࡣࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢධࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈ᢚ࠼ࡓᑵᏛ๓ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࢆࡵ
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ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥከᩥಖ⫱
ࡄࡿ≧ἣྠᵝ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞Ⴀࡳࡋ࡚Ⓨᒎࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ⡿ᅜ♫࡛ࡣࠊ ṓ ௨ୗࡢᏊࡶࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ 㸣ࡣ᪥ᖖⓗ⪅ࡢಖ⫱ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡸ ṓඣࠥ ṓඣࡢᖹᆒಖ ⫱⏝㛫ࡣࠊ 㐌㛫࡛ 㛫ࠊ࠾ࡼࡑ ᪥㸳㛫⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࡶࠊ࣮ࣟ࢝ࣝ࡞Ⴀࡳࢆ㉸ ࠼ࡼࡾᗈ⠊ᅖ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢᚲせᛶࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⡿ᅜయࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚┳㐣࡛ࡁ࡞࠸≧ἣࢆ ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡀከᩥ♫ࢆᇶ┙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ⪃࠼ࢀࡤࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᚲせᛶ࠾ࡼ ࡧࡼࡾᗈ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽࡶ↷ᑕࡉࢀࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ,,,
ࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥከᩥಖ⫱
⡿ᅜᮾᾏᓊ⨨ࡍࡿࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡣࠊ⡿ᅜ᭱ࡢ㒔ᕷࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕷࢆ᭷ࡍ ࡿேཱྀ࠾ࡼࡑ ேࡢᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⥲ேཱྀࡢ࠾ࡼࡑ ࢆ࣐ࣀࣜࢸࡀᵓᡂࡋࠊ㸳ே ேࡀ ⡿ᅜᅜእ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡓ࠸࠺ேཱྀᵓᡂࡣࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࢆ⡿᭷ᩘࡢከᩥ♫࡞ࡿ⫼ᬒࢆᨭ ࠼࡚࠸ࡿչࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫ⓗᇶ┙ࡣࠊᑵᏛ๓ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ⏝ࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡢሙࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺࠊᑵᏛ๓ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕ㛵ࢃࡿㅎၥᶵ㛵࡛࠶ࡿ 1<6(&$& 1HZ <RUN 6WDWH (DUO\ &KLOGKRRG $GYLVRU\ &RXQFLO ࡣࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡࡢஙᗂඣᑐࡍࡿᏛࡧࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ⟇ᐃࡋ ࡓࠋࡇࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡣࠊձᗣࠊղே㛫㛵ಀࠊճ⾲⌧࠾ࡼࡧᏛࡧࡢពḧࠊմㄆ▱▱㆑ࠊյ ゝⴥࡢ㸳ࡘࢆಖ⫱ࡢᰕࡋ࡚ᐃࡵࠊྛᰕ࠾ࡅࡿࡡࡽ࠸ෆᐜࢆᖺ㱋Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚♧ࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿպࠋᕞෆ࠾ࡅࡿࡍ࡚ࡢಖ⫱⪅ࡀࡇࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆཧ↷ࡍࡿࡇࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᆅᇦ ࠾ࡅࡿ᱁ᕪࡸ⏝ࡍࡿಖ⫱ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ಖ⫱ࢆாཷࡋࡍ࡚ࡢᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ ⫱ࡕࢆᨭ࠼ࡿࡇࢆࡡࡽ࠸ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࡞࡛ከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿ࡞㡯┠ࡣࠊղே㛫㛵ಀ մㄆ▱▱㆑ࡢ㸰㡯┠♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿ㡯┠࡛ࡣࠊே㛫㛵ಀࡢどⅬࡽᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵࠾࠸࡚ࠊ ࡢࡼ࠺ከᵝᛶ㛵ࢃࡾࡘࡑࢀࢆ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᏊࡶࡢጼࡑࢀᇶ࡙ࡃຓࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⾲ 㸧ࠋྛⓎ㐩㐣⛬ࡢᖺ㱋ࢆ㸱ࡘࡢ༊ศศࡅࠊࡑࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿ࠾࠾ࡴࡡࡢ Ꮚࡶࡢጼࡑࢀᑐࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡢෆᐜࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊ㸮ṓࡽ㸯ṓ㸴ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶ඣࡢᏊࡶ ࡢࡍࡀࡓࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ㌟యࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢᮇࡣࠊどぬࡸ⫈ぬ࡞ࡢឤぬࡸᵝࠎ ࡞㐠ືᶵ⬟ࡀⴭࡋࡃⓎ㐩ࡋࠊ⮬ࡽࡀᗣ࡛Ᏻ࡞⏕άࢆసࡾฟࡍຊࡢᇶ┙ࢆ㣴࠺ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊᏳᚰ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛≉ᐃࡢேࡢᛂ⟅ⓗ࡞㛵ࢃࡾࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟⪅ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀ ࡾࢆព㆑ࡍࡿࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ⮬ศࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇࡸ⪅ࡢᏑᅾẼ࡙ࡃࡇࡀࡡࡽ࠸࡞ࡿࠋࡑ ࡢࡡࡽ࠸ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊಖ⫱⪅ࡣಖ⫱⪅⮬㌟ࡢᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᏊࡶࡓࡕඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇࡸࠊ ᩥⓗ࡞⾜࡞ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡶከᵝ࡞ᩥࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿᶵࢆタࡅࡿࡇ ࡀຓࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋಖ⫱⪅ࡼࡿㄒࡾࡅࡸḷ࠸ࡅࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢⓎヰ ࢆ࠺࡞ࡀࡋゝⴥࡢ⌮ゎࡸⓎヰࡢពḧࢆ⫱࡚ࡿࡇࡶࡇࡢᮇ㔜せ࡞άື࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊከ ゝㄒヰ⪅࡛࠶ࡿಖ⫱⪅ࡣࡑࡢ⬟ຊࢆ✚ᴟⓗᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢᛂ⟅ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇࢆࡍࡍࡵ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ ṓ༙ࡽ㸱ṓᮍ‶ඣࡣࠊ㐠ືᶵ⬟ࡀࡉࡽⓎ㐩ࡍࡿࡶἥ࡞ࡢ⮬❧ࡓࡵࡢ㌟యⓗᶵ
Ѹࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀ┠ࡋ࡚Ѹ ከᵝᛶࡢ⌮ゎ࣭ከᵝ࡞ᩥࡢẼ࡙ࡁ ᪂⏕ඣࠥ ṓ ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶ 㸯ṓ㸴ࣨ᭶ࠥ㸱ṓᮍ‶ 㸱ṓࠥ ṓᮍ‶ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ ⬟ࡶᩚࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⮬ศࡢពᚿࡸḧồࢆ⮬ศࡢゝⴥ࡛⾲ฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ ᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀᏳᚰ࡛ࡁࡿᏳᐃⓗ࡞⎔ቃࡢ࡞࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⮬❧ࡢᡂ㛗ࢆಁࡍษ࡞ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ࠊಖ⫱⪅ࡣᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢࠕ⮬ศ࡛ࡸࢁ࠺ࠖࠊࠕ⮬ศ࡛࡛ࡁࡿࠖ࠸࠺Ꮚࡶ୍ே୍ேࡢẼᣢ ࡕࢆᑛ㔜ࡍࡿࡇࡀษ࡞ᮇ࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀྠࠊከᵝ࡞ᩥࡸ≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗࡓ㐩ࡢ㛵ࢃ ࡾࢆቑࡸࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡛ࠊከᵝᛶࡢẼ࡙ࡁࡽࡑࡢ῝ྥ࠺ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋಖ⫱⪅ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋ ࡓⓎ㐩ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊ⮬ศࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㐩ᑐࡍࡿẼᣢࡕࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡀⱆ⏕࠼࡚࠸ࡃዎᶵ ࢆぢ㏨ࡉ࡞࠸ࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࡇࡢᮇࡣࠊᏊࡶࡓࡕࡀ㇏࡞ឤᛶࡸ⾲⌧ࡍࡿຊࢆ㣴࠺ ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡽࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࣮ఫࡲ࠺ከᵝ࡞ᐙ᪘ീࢆᫎࡉࡏࡓࢆάື⤌ࡳධࢀࡿ ࡇ࡞ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠊከᵝᛶࢆ⾲⌧ࡍࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖ࡶಖ⫱⪅ࡢᙺࡋ࡚ồࡵ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓάືࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ⮬ศ⮬㌟࠾ࡼࡧ㐩ࡸಖ⫱⪅ࠊ㏆㞄ఫẸᑐࡋ࡚බᖹ࡛࠶ ࡿຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ␃ពࡍࡿࡼ࠺♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ṓඣࡽ㸳ṓᮍ‶ඣࡣࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞⏕ά⩦័ࡀ㌟ࡘࡁࠊ▱ⓗ⯆ࡸ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡿᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࢀᨾࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢ௰㛫㛵ࢃࡿࡶ⮬ศࡢᏑᅾࢆព㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇࡽࠊ㐩 ࡢᛂ⟅ࡸ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᑐヰࢆ࠾ࡋ࡚ࠊከᵝᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡼ࠺ಁࡍࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ ศ㐩ࡢ㛫࠶ࡿ㢮ఝⅬࡸ┦㐪Ⅼࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓୖ࡛ࠊಶேࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗㞟ᅋࡋ࡚ࡢᡂ㛗ࡢ ᪉యⓗ㛵ࢃࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀಖ⫱⪅ࡋ࡚ᚲせ࡞ࡿࠋྠࠊ Ꮚࡶ୍ே୍ேࡢ≉ᛶᛂࡌࡓࠊබᖹ࡞⎔ቃࢆᏊࡶࡓࡕࡢ༠ാࡢ࡞࡛ࡾฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ ࡀᏊࡶࡢ⫱ࡕࡗ࡚ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᩚ⌮ࡽከᩥ♫⏕ࡁࡿᏊࡶࡓࡕࡣࠊಶேࡢᡂ㛗ࡶከᩥࡢ ⌮ゎࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊ⮬ศ㐩ࡢ㛫㢮ఝⅬࡸ┦㐪ⅬࢆⓎぢࡋࠊࡑࢀ ࡽࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿᛂ⟅㛵ಀࡢ࡞࡛ࠊ⪅ぶࡋࡳ⏕άࡍࡿࡓࡵᚲせ࡞⮬❧ᚰࢆ⫱࡚࡞ࡀࡽே㛵 ࢃࡿຊࢆ㣴ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃಖ⫱ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋከᩥಖ⫱ࡣࠊಖ⫱࠶ࡿᬑ㐢ᛶࡢ࡞ከᵝ ࡞ᩥࡢ⌮ゎඹ⏕♫ࢆᢸ࠺ࡓࡵࡢᖹ➼࠸࠺౯್ほࢆࡇࡶࡓࡕࡀ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡃႠࡳ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊከᩥ♫⏕ࡁ࡚⾜ࡃᏊࡶ㐩ࡗ࡚ࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࡣ㐩ࡸಖ⫱⪅ࡢಙ 㢗㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࠊ⏕ά⩦័ࢆ⩦ᚓࡋ⮬❧ࡢⱆ⏕࠼ᑵᏛྥࡅ࡚ࡢዲወᚰࡸ⯆ࢆ ᗈࡆࡿࡇࢆ㐟ࡧࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㐩ᡂࡍࡿಖ⫱ࡢ࡞ࠊᩓࡾࡤࡵࡽࢀࡓാࡁࡅ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ ࠺ࠊࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢಖ⫱࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛ㛵ࡍࡿ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡽࠊಖ⫱ࡢᬑ㐢ᛶࡑࡇෆ ᅾࡍࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡢ࢚ࢵࢭࣥࢫࢆࡳࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ ⾲ ಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥࡳࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡢせ⣲ ከᵝᛶࡢ⌮ゎ࣭ከᵝ࡞ᩥࡢẼ࡙ࡁ ᪂⏕ඣࠥ ṓ ࣨ᭶ᮍ‶ 㸯ṓ㸴ࣨ᭶ࠥ㸱ṓᮍ‶ 㸱ṓࠥ ṓᮍ‶ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ Ꮚࡶࡢࡓࡵࡢᣦᶆ ձ㙾ᫎࡿ⮬ศࡢጼࢆほᐹ ձ㐩㛵ࢃࡾ㐟ࡪ ձ㌟㏆࡞ேࡢ㢮ఝⅬࡸ┦㐪
,9
࠾ࢃࡾ
ࡍࡿ ղ㐩ࡸಖ⫱⪅㛵ᚰࢆᣢ ࡘ ճ㐩ࡸಖ⫱⪅ࡢ㌟యⓗ≉ ᚩẼ࡙ࡃ㸦㸸㧥ࡢẟࡢⰍ ࡸᙧ㸧 մ࡞ಖ⫱⪅⪅ࢆ༊ู ࡍࡿ յ ᵝ ࠎ ࡞ ே ✀ ࡸ ᩥ ⓗ ⫼ ᬒࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࠊゝㄒࡸ㞀 ᐖ࡞⮬ศࡣࡇ࡞ࡿ┦ ᡭฟ࠺ ղ 㐩 㛵 ࡋ ࡚ ㉁ ၥ ࢆ ࡍ ࡿ 㸦ؗؗࡕࡷࢇࡣࡇ㸽࡞㸧 ճ㐩ࡢ㐪࠸Ẽ࡙ࡁࡑࢀ 㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿ㸦࠺ࡋ࡚࣓ ࢞ࢿࢆࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ㌴᳔Ꮚ ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡞㸧 մከᵝ࡞ேࠎࢆ㢟ᮦࡋࡓ⤮ ᮏࡸ≀ㄒࠊḷ࡞ࢆᴦࡋࡴ Ⅼ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ㸦㌟㛗ࡸ㧥ࡢẟ ࡢⰍ࡞㸧 ղ⮬ࡽࡢࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡸࢹ ࣥࢸࢸ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡘ մ⮬ศ⪅ࡢ㢮ఝⅬࡸ┦ 㐪Ⅼࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ յ⪅ࡀ⮬ศࡣ␗࡞ࡿ▱㆑ ࡸ⬟ຊࢆᣢࡘࡇࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ ն␗࡞ࡿᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࠊࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ ࣮ࠊゝㄒࡸ㞀ᐖ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ⮬ ࡽࡢ㐟ࡧㄏ࠺ շ⪅ࡢᐙ᪘ࠊẸ᪘ࠊゝㄒࡸఏ ⤫ᩥࡸ㞀ᐖ࡞㛵ᚰࢆᣢ ࡕ㉁ၥࢆࡍࡿฟ㸸New York State Early Childhood Advisory Council,㸦㸧New York State Early Learning Guidelines, New York Sate ࢆཧ↷ࡋ➹⪅ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࠋ
,9
࠾ࢃࡾ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊከᵝࡍࡿ⡿ᅜ࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢከᩥಖ⫱◊✲ࡢヨㄽࡋ࡚⡿ᅜ࡛ ᭱ࡶከᵝᛶࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᕞ࡛࠶ࡿࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊྠᕞ࠾࠸࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿಖ⫱࢝ࣜ ࣒࢟ࣗࣛࡢ࢞ࢻࣛࣥࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊಖ⫱άືࡢ୰⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡢどⅬࢆ᳨ウࡋ ࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊಖ⫱ࡢᬑ㐢ⓗ࡞ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᣢࡘከᵝᛶࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡀඹ ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿጼࡀᾋࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚋࡣࠊࡇࡢጼࢆࡼࡾᑀࡘᗈ⠊ᅖࢃࡓࡾㄪᰝ◊✲ ࡍࡿࡇࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ ♫ࡢከᩥࡣᚋࡲࡍࡲࡍຍ㏿ࡍࡿࠋ␗࡞ࡿᩥⓗ⫼ᬒࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢྠኈࡢඹ⏕ࡣࠊṔྐࡀ ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㏻ࡾ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇࡣᖖ⾪✺ࡸⴱ⸨ࠊࡣᦢྲྀࡀ⏕ࡲࢀከࡃࡢேࠎ ࡣⱞᝎࢆᢪ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࢀᨾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢⱞᝎࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⟇ࢆ⪃࠼⥆ࡅࠊᵝࠎ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀᒎ㛤 ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡣྍ㑊࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡀ᫂ࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺ࠊከᩥᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎ ࡣஙᗂඣᮇࡽࡢⱆ⏕࠼ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤࠊከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᙺࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᢡࡋࡶࠊእᅜேປാ⪅ࡢཷࡅධࢀࢆᣑࡍࡿධ⟶㞴Ẹἲ➼ࡢᨵṇࡀᅜ࡛ᑂ㆟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ ᐇࡉࢀࡓ ᖺࡢฟධᅜ⟶⌮ཬࡧ㞴Ẹㄆᐃἲᨵᐃࡣࠊ᪥⣔ࣈࣛࢪࣝே➼ࡢࢽ࣮࣐࣮ࣗ࢝ࡀ ᪥ᮏ♫⛣ືࡍࡿዎᶵ࡞ࡗࡓࡇࡣグ᠈᪂ࡋ࠸ࠋ࠶ࢀࡽ࠾ࡼࡑ ᖺࠊࡇࡢ㛫ࢽ࣮࣐ࣗ࢝ ࣮ࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࢆࡵࡄࡿᩍ⫱ࡸ⚟♴ࡢ㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟ࡣ㢧ᅾࡋࠊከࡃࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Ⲩ∾ ᐑᓥ㸧ջࠋᅇࡢධ⟶ἲࡢᨵᐃ㛵ࡍࡿ㐨➽ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ♫ࢆࡼࡾᡂ⇍ࡋࡓከᩥ♫ ኚᐜࡍࡿዎᶵ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊᡂ⇍ࡋࡓከᩥ♫ࢆయ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢѸࢽ࣮࣮ࣗࣚࢡᕞࡢከᩥಖ⫱㛵ࢃࡿಖ⫱࢞ࢻࣛࣥὀ┠ࡋ࡚Ѹ ࡼ࠺ᛮࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ⡿ᅜ♫࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ♫ࢆ㛢ࡌࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣࢆ㚷ࡳࠊከᩥ ♫࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡇఫࡲ࠺Ꮚࡶࡓࡕࢆࡵࡄࡿㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽࡋࠊࡍ࡚ࡢᏊࡶࡢ᭱ၿࡢ┈ ࢆᕼồࡍࡿಖ⫱㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆࡼࡾᑀ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡇࡣႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ձ ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᑵᏛ๓ࡢᏊࡶࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓ㣴ㆤᩍ⫱ࡢ⥲⛠ࢆಖ⫱ࡋࠊከᩥಖ⫱ ࡣࠊ㞀ࡀ࠸࣭ᛶᕪ࣭ே✀࣭Ẹ᪘࣭᐀ᩍ➼ࡘ࠸࡚࣐ࢪࣙࣜࢸ࣭࣐ࣀࣜࢸ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ࡚ ࡢᑵᏛ๓ࡢᏊࡶࡀࡑࡢከᵝᛶࡢᑛ㔜ཷᐜࢆᇶ♏ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿಖ⫱ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࠋࠕከᩥ ಖ⫱ࠖ㛵ࢃࡿヲ⣽ࡣࠊᣋ✏ࢆྵࡵࡓࠗከᩥಖ⫱࣭ᩍ⫱࠘㸦ဏ㛫ࡲࡾࡇ⦅ ᖺ㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉ ࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ ղ ճ ୕┿⣖, 㡑ᅾ↫, ᯘᝆᏊ, ᯇᒣ᭷⨾,㸦2017㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏ࠾ࡅࡿከᩥಖ⫱ࡢᨻ⟇࣭ᐇ㊶࣭◊✲ ࡢືྥㄢ㢟ࠖ ࠗVISIO No.47࠘ᕞ࣮ࣝࢸࣝᏛ, p31-41,
մ U.S Census Bureau (2011) Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin:2010
https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf#search=%27overview+of+race+and+hispanic+origin+2010%27 (ሗྲྀᚓ 2018/9/5)
յ Alghamdi Yahya, 2017, “Multicultural Education in the US: Current Issues and
Suggestions for Practical Implementations”, International Journal of Education, Vol.9,No.2, Macrothink Institute, p44-52.
ն Ramsey, Patricia , 2004 Teaching and learning in Diverse World: Multicultural Education
for Yong children (3rd ed). Teachers College Press.
շ ᯇᒣ᭷⨾, 㸦2014㸧ࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿᏊ⫱࡚ᨭࠖ, ဏ㛫ࡲࡾᏊ⦅ࠗከᩥಖ⫱࣭ᩍ⫱ㄽ࠘,
p16~26,ࡳࡽ࠸
ո ྠୖ չ ྠୖ
պ New York State Early Childhood Advisory Council, 2012, New York State Early Learning
Guidelines, New York Sate.
ջⲨ∾㔜ே㸦2015㸧ࠗእᅜேࡢᏊࡶⓑ᭩̾ᶒ࣭㈋ᅔ࣭ᩍ⫱࣭ᩥ࣭ᅜ⡠ඹ⏕ࡢどⅬࡽ࠘ ᫂▼᭩ᗑ ᐑᓥႛ㸦2014㸧ࠗእᅜேࡢᏊࡶࡢᩍ⫱㸸ᑵᏛࡢ⌧≧ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿᶒ࠘ᮾிᏛฟ∧ 㸦⮳Ꮫ㤋Ꮫᗣ⛉Ꮫ㒊ࡇࡶᗣ࣭ᩍ⫱Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ㸧
