MANO3PRJOR=BO, Ⅴ肌OR=VO, Ⅵ岬SM叩
1. bdzdxBCtiozL
1.16 tines)
Asinthe abow,the Sum Ofinport8 0f血rm products aJld pztN3egSed food8 0nthe whole, and ako in naBy ib工場, iB rapidly ,i加持aSiq ‑edy・ However, in血‑ products and proce88ed仙which becozrLe materialof other products, the Sun Of iznportS iB魯hggi8h in さOme CaBeB. ¶旭rebre, a growth rate of the 8um Ofiznport8 greatかdi飽r8 in each i始zn.
恥ble 2 8bw8 thBLt血what uBe iznprtx!d血m products aJld pzDCe88ed GxdB ape de8thed u8ing the I叩ut・0叫ut Table. In血m products aJld pro伐鋸ed如d8, 80me ib工場, 8uCh aS丘血晩flour mlllj.le, nOOdk8, bread, conlbctioznry,血obl and I氾n一曲obL have a .higher ratx! offinalcozh5u皿ptiozL While 80Zne Other itxtⅡ旭, 8tACh aS声dible cmp8,的gaちOib and触, and SeaBOning, which become material for other fwd8, bye a higher rate of pⅨ脚Ing・
Theze血相, %ble 2 8howS a mtio of imported products for pztM88ing (mtfor Bnal conBtmptiozi) in compari80nwith tht of dome8tic pm血l由.
Firet in the total of the SeCtOrB, a ratio of imported product8for prw88i皿g iB 87.8% in
crops (that of doneBtic products i8 55.3%), 59.8% inthe totalof liw8tOCk・raising products
and maria products (74.0%), and 59.7% inthe btalOfprtxcGL8ed長巾dB (27.3%). AS a Whole, a
ratio of prtxes8ing iB remarkably highin iznported productBthan in dozne8tic productzl.
When zeviewed each ibzn, in dl of them e託ept Vegetables,か血B, liⅦ8tOCk・rajBing, andfi8herieS, a ratio of pr(X治辞ing iB highin imported prodtACt& E8PeCiaPy item8 8uCh aB vegetahle8, edible crops, izndihle αop8, pZtN3eB8ed払稚Sぬ・ra由ing pmductB, Sugar, Oils BLnd 血t8, Seasoning, and fb2en如dB, keep a highValue of more tlm86%. It i8 8a島to 宙ay the
nut of the iznprted products azefor prt)3egSing.
Now, checking a 8hBLre Of the imported pro血ICtS in the 8u皿Of proce88ing of血m
products and prmed仙in Tabh 2. AShare of the imported products iB aB highaB 56.5 to 65.5% in whe叫, edibk! czopS, prGKXt舶ed marine pzDductB, and pztN3e88ed血rm productB. In these itx!nB, the inprted products ale ueed a8 raw materiAbfor pr∝e舶ing more血m done8tic producb. However, when e血ding these items, a 8hare of the imported pzt)ducts is
aB hw a8 b88 than 40%.
SiELilzLZ・ly, a 8hre of the inprted prduct8 intheさum Of血姐l comump血n, it i8 8hghdy highaB 21.9 to 37.0% in wheat aLnd bzuley, liveSt∝血Tai8ing, and pmSSed血m prductB.
When exdudingtheBe iteznS, it i8 quite low aB le舶thn lO% in ma呼itemS.
In th由way, a 8hze of the inJnrted producta iB much hwer in血rm prodLLCtS and prQCeBSed如dBあr血d consumption thn in血潮for pr∝e88ing, and done8tic products
have a very high8hare.
The above 8hzc of the imported pm血lぬis reviewed in the sum of money. ConBide血喝 the actualconditiom th上 in generalinpoded products ale izN!XPenBivethan domestic one8, a 8hre of iznported products in quanti砂bea)nes Shghdy higherthan 8hown in table 2.
Attention mtL8t be paid to thie point.
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TheiSe are ChaJTaCtX)riBtics of imported血m products and pⅨ氾e88ed血o血in various destinatiom (Shipment)肋血喝the valueさOf the hput・Output恥ble horiZDntally. By an蜘the Table ver血dly, it iB pO細ibkB to grasp COSt Components Of the i叩utfron each
indu8try.
The如d manuhcturiJq! industry i8 ge加rauy Said the a ratio of the cost Of raw znateriak由high, and a ratio of gm錦Value added, indudiq 8uCh a8 prO恥iB hw. Table 2 dehtely 8how8 that a ratio of the co8t Ofraw nateriabin鮎m prducts i8 40 tD 50% (51.0%
on average) in mazly items. While a ratio of the ccOt Of raw matxtriab in p脚鍋edあo血由 8lightly low a8 48.8% in血hol and non・血ohol, but in other 8eCbrB00nbiderably higher aB 60 to 70% (61.5% on averw)thaLn th上 of the agricdtuze BeCbr.
‑Needle舶tO 貞ay,血刀n pmduct8 and prcQ88ed血o血aze pzduced not only by izxputting raw materiah onlyfron喝血氾比u托andthe fd nanuLhcturiJq; industry, butalBO by izIPtltting pduction血血r8 8uCh aB energy, maChiz始ry, iLnd hcilitie8丘om other indwtrie8.
Rbhtedwith this Foi血, Table 2 8bwS a coot ratio of input hcto拍n肋ary tX) pm血ce one unit of血m products and p珊88edあodB. It 8hows that a ∝岨t ratio of the input hcbr8 血n other induBtrieS i8 17.8 to 35.9% (28. 1% on average).
Whih th上 of the agricdture SeCtDr aJld the鮎d mantAchming 8eCtOr i8 7.0 to 63.7%.
Thotq;hthe di飴rence in itenB i8 big, a ratio i8 not 80 highiLJS 31.3% on average.
Among them, a ratio of the input (X如of血ctors bythe inportxtd血m products ZLnd pme88ed血o血i8 8kghtly high舶13.4% in畠uP, Oils and血t8, and 8ea80ning. Exduding these, a ratio of the input cost Ofihcb柑iB 2.9 to 8.8% in eⅥ汀y item ofpWSBed fmdS, and a very hw value ofkhBB tlm1.0% in a皿ibznB Of鮎m pro血Id乱
Thi8叩g酢8te even if the import ofinegezBive血m products rapidly incre舶eB, (a8 long aB reviewingthe induBtrialcla舶iBcation of this size), there iB a hip possihilibr tht done8tic
prim iB not inAuerLCed greatly.
4. The M ad軸nhAtim OEthe ShdhbA血1軸由
i ) How the increzLBe in imports inAtwnce8 0n done8tic indwtrie8
In th由8eCtion, ̀̀The I叩ut・htput恥ble血Xl錦d on Agricdture, Forestry, Fbherie8, iLnd Fbod lndWtry (1995y'by ABS∝i血n ofAgriculttm & Fore8try StatiBticB i8 tWed a8 the dJlta (attzAChed afloppy). In thi卓 Ⅰ叩ut・Output Tdle, indtLBtrie8 8稚さubdivi血d into 104 8eCtDrB.
Hez,emitxBd them to 20 ButOr8 8bwninThble 3 (and added eating and drinking phceB) to
twe inthefolb血喝analyBiB.
First a鎚umed the 81n equivakzlt tO 10% of the prWent 8um Ofinport8 0f血m products (355.6 biuion yeh) o∝urred in thefonowingfow cases:
1) The import izwea8ed in血m PIT)ductBfor pm白さing (Case 1) 2) The import i血ereaBed in血rm productSforfinalcorLSu皿ption (Case 2)
3) The import izmA8ed in prcce88ed如由for pm治88ing (Case 3)
4) The import increased in p棚d如由forfinalconsu皿ption (Case 4)
Obtained the coeJScie血of inprtB in the equation (2) when C桝l and 3 wtmd, and in the equation (3) when CaBe8 2 and 4 0俳1止Ted. Sub8tihted the coelRcient8 0f imports obtaizh>d in th由W町Zt!8PeCtivelyあr th! equatiorLB (5) and (6). Ⅵ旭n Calculated in each equation the cb山野d sum AX of totaldoneStic products in each industry, When the incre舶e in inporb …d in each case. Table 3台bw白the calcuhted AX in a ratio of decrease Gn血%) oftotaldom鵬tic products.
The i批rea紳in inporb of th由8i2e Very hkely o∝tm in re軸The conditiozB I,ebbed withthe00e缶血nt ofinportB in each Sector (0≦mjl and mj2≦ 1) are completely net.
‑.In each indl旭trythat aBSumed the izmaBe in imporb Mtmd in each ca雛, 8etthe 00e触nt ofinportzi in each induStry3) BOthat the Sum Of inportB inqeaBeS in proportion tD the ctmnt 8um Of imports, andthe total8皿Of inporb become8 355.6 binion yen in each ease.
In gen肝al, when the import increa弛d in血m products and prtWBSed血血, inporbd
products Sub8titutefor done8tic products, and totaldomeStic producte deczeaSethat much.
This decmaBe in totaldone8tic products has thefir8t iduentiale飽血that denandfor other induetrieS decreaBeS,and ded作8 th由inAuentialeffect aB the 8ccOnd, the third, aLnd 80 0m.
The result of cakulation in Thhle 3由equilihriun values 0ftheSe deri叩d effbcts. Fbm tl由
reSuk ofcakulation, it iB pO88ihk! to point out aSfobwa:
1) When the iznport of血m products or pm8edfood8 increa帥d,the btaldoneBtic pmduct8 0f each indu8tZy deczea鞭d by 0.鵬9 (Ca白e 1) 1X) 0.077 (Case 2)thin the values 0f 1995. This iB aPprOXimatxtly twice aB l岬aB the aBSu皿ed 合um Of the incmaBe in imports (1.95 tines 0n aVe叩). Fmm thiB, bythe incre舶e in imports Of鮎m pro血l由and prw88ed Gx血, not ody totaldom朗tic pmductS decmaBefollowhgthe飢血Stitution of imported
pmduclzlfor dotrLC8tic products, but aho theminuB derived eBbct of nearly the Sane 8um
o∝mlfS tO domestic induBtrie8.
分Seei喝from the 8i次Of the 8tm dma鞭d in totaldone8tic prodⅦ由, even if the SBLne 8uEEL, the increase in inport8 0f血m productafor BnalcozhBtnP血n has more inAuence on the喝血ulture 8eCtOrthan血冶efor procc88ing. On the contrary,the incyea8e in imports 0f pm88ed fmd8あr natxtrialhas a littb tELOre inAuence on the鮎d manuhcturiq i血try
than tbo舵for血alのn8Ⅷption.
3) In each 8eCbr, when the iznport of血m eLnd ma血productBfor prue錦ing increA8ed, a ratio of decreiLBe in tx)taldozne8tic products i8 highin 8cctO柑SuCh射edible crDp8 (btal domestic products deczeased by 17.92% of the present Value), CmP8for feed弧d fomge (6.69%), potatce8 and pulBeS (6.68%), and live8t∝k・miing (3. 10%). On the other hzLnd, when the import of鮎m productBfor血姐I con8uZELPtion izmaBed, a ratio of decrease in total domestic pfOducts由highin live8td・raiBi喝(7. 12%) and丘u血tree8 (5.51%).
Simihrly, whenthe import of prtwdfoodBfor materialincreaBed, a ratio of deqe舶e
ー44‑
in totaldome8tic products iB highin pztx3egSed血m products (5.33%), pr∝eBSed mariZ旭 products (3.92%), 8qgar, Oib and血tzl, and 8e舶Oning (2.26%). On the other hind, when the iznport of prtwed血○血あr血1aldemand izma8ed, a ratio of decna舘in tx)taldone8tic products iB highin p仰88ed鮎m producb (7.31%) aJld pro脚¢d marine pzo血l由(4.26%).
In thiB Way, the SeCtOZS iduenced hy the izKZea紳in imporb of血m productzl, or
pr∝e舶ed加dB geatly varie8 depending on either for pzcKX!BSing orfinaldemand.
4)鮎gardleB8 0f tue,the inAuence on the加d mazluhcturing induBtW due tD the imaBe in imports Of血m pmducts, a8 Yen aSthe influen伐On dome8tic agricdture dtAe tOthe inc托88e in iznp鵬of p肋舶ed払D由, are very 8man (由はtWe a ratio of decrease in total
domestic pmduct3 0f each BeCbr iB I‑thzu l・0%)・ However,?nly when the import of
p棚88ed marine productzB incre舶ed, there iB the mutualrebvance txBtweenfiaherie8 and pm¢朗8ed marine productBthat total血me8tic pzDduct8 0f血heries demiL8ed by 2.16 to
2.34%.
5) Pr(珊錦ed fhdBwithchzmcteri8tiC8 0f血血cozwuznption Such aB Aow milhg, noodles, bread,00血zh!ry,丘02en血○由, abhol and mn・alのhol, even if the iEELPOrt bothfor血al con8unPtion and i血rnediate demaJld izma8ed, tDtaldozz旭Stic pmductB a柁hardly
influezh3ed (a ratio 0fdeczeaBe i8 kB&than 1.0%).
ii ) Howthe dm舶e in price of imported prodtACt8 i血nces on price ofdozne8tic pmductB
Table 4 8bw8the items Of which price deczTeaBe8 by zzbOrethan 0.1% and its Value by
cakul&tiq the inAuen飴On price of domestic products When that of importxtd products decrezLBed by note t血10%with the above eqtwtion (6). Tb cakulate the inAuezM On price of done8tic pmdtACta Whenthat of imporbBd products decre舶ed by 20%, double the vdue8 0f Table 4血m the a舶tmPtion ofa linearibT.
From this table,for instance, When the imported price ofedibk cmp8 decreased by l0%,
the domestic price offeedB,fertihRX!ZS, tobaccos, andthat of oils 8nd血1Z5 0f phntB and a血alB, aLnd Sea80ning deqやa8ed by 0. 56% and 0. 52% respectiwly.
Similarly, when the imported price d…舶ed by lO% in丘Sheri朗, live8加kTajBing. Sugar, oib and htB, aJld 8eaBOning, and in potatw8 aLnd pulBe8,the dozneさtic price decreased by 0.71% in pmXe88やd marim prductzi, 0.66% in pr㈱舶ed hve8tOCk・rai8ing products, 0.48% in 8ug叫0ilB and血tz), and錐舶Oning, and 0.42% in Sugar aLnd oil8 and血t8 re8Putively.
In thjBl Way, Whenthe imported price of血m pro血血aLnd pr(把e88ed加dB decreased by
l0%,
1) Even if the done8tic price dma陣d in some p鵬88ed加dB, a ratio ofdm舶e i8 not
big.
2) me dozne8tic price of血m pmduclz? iB hrdly influemed, except tbt the do血 price of卑由皿由decrea錐d (0.38%) due tDthe decmaBe in the iEELPOrtXBd price ofinedihh CZt)PS.
Attxmtion mu8t be paidthatthe re8ult of the calcuhtion above Slighdy change8
depending on the indtwtrialcla鍋ihtiozL For izntBLnCe, When 8ubdivided the indu8trial da舶ihtion of Thbk 4 and Selected the Aour血ning industry and the indtwtry of oils and 血ts of pk皿b and a血al8. When the imported price of wheat, potat㈹8 and pulBeS, and edihk cmp8 dmaeed by l0%, the done8tic price offburmining, oi血 and血b ofplmtS and aninal8, and oils and血b of plmtB azld地盤d町eaBed by 1.77%, 2.05%, and 1.61%
respectively.
ThiB means,for iwtwce, aLBStned that a certAm血rn product iB imported in quandty and inegen8ively. Even if the i血eme on the dome8tic pdce iB determined to be smdl aB a larger industrial 8cc叫it iB quitx! likely tht the doneStic priceやadly dccze舶e8 in the said itBn and other rehted iteⅡ旭. It i8 m∝e88aZy tO pay attx!ntion to this ma触r.
Rehtedwith this pOizlt, Calcuhted the inAuence on the dozrLe8tic price whenthe
imported price ofdl血m productzi and p批e88ed血od8, not a 8PeCific item, deqeaBed by l0%.
The mnber of the itenBwiththe doneStic price decma8ed by mom thaJI 0. 10% imaSed to
ll ibnB ZLnd 9 items respectively. Also a ratio 0f dm舶e in price iB quih! highin each itx!zn.
批om thi8 point, when the price of inporb!d products? deαやが姫d in SeVeralitx!n8, Act a SpeCiGc item, at the 8ametine dtte tD a Change of the eECha聯ratX!, it iB Very nely th上 the
domestic price dmaBe8 gZeady.
However, the rtBult of calculation in Table 4 Shows even if the imported price of血rm products and pm88ed pmdu由dmaBed, the inAuen飴On the doneBtic price iB not 80 8eVeZt! (eSPedaDy on血m products).
ThiB iB greatly inAuenced by a ratio of the cost Ofraw materiak and that of the hput of
imported products. ASalready 8bwn in Table 2, a ratio of the cost Of raw natx!ria血in αopさ ie bwer than that ofprtN3e88edfoodS, and a ratio of the inportx!d pm血血inthe cost Of raw nateriah iB Ⅵ汀y hw.
Onthe other hand, in pm8edfoodB, a止hougha ratio of the input cut of imported 血m p柑ductB and pztx治8能d加由i8 8hghtly high, the Sum Of the input of PIT)duction hctz)re fbm other in血8trie8 i8 biggerthiu that丘om agriculture and the飯山nazluihcturing industry. Thezt!fore, even if the p也e of inprted products 0f血m products and pm$Sed 丘泊d8 d肥eaBed, the doneBtic price i8 not much inAuezh3ed on the whok.
However, when reviewing each ite叫in pro快勝edfood8 8uCh aBさugaZ; Oils and血由, 8e舶ODing, prtxe舶ed血相8tCK:k・raiBing products, and pm舶ed marine products, a ratio 0f the00Bt Of raw materiAl8 iB relatively highA ratio of the imported prodtACIz9 (血m products and pwBBedfoo血) inthe coot Ofraw matxBrialB i8 乱血o Slighdy highTherebre, the decrea鋸 in the imported price of如m products and prue88ed鮎由zeSults in the decrease inthe cost of raw materials, Which makes the price of dome8tic pmductぉd脚aSe tOthat extxBnt.
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