Allah t ells us about t he reward of t hose who migrat ed for His sake, seeking His pleasure, t hose who left t heir homeland behind, brot hers and friends, hoping for t he reward of Allah. This may have been revealed concerning t hose who migrat ed t o Et hiopia, t hose whose persecut ion at t he hands of t heir own people in Makkah was so ext reme t hat t hey left t hem and went t o Et hiopia so t hat t hey would be able t o worship t heir Lord. Among t he most prominent of t hese migrant s were ` Ut hman bin ` Affan and his wife Ruqayyah, t he daught er of t he Messenger of Allah , Ja` far bin Abi Talib, t he cousin of t he Messenger , and Abu Salamah bin ` Abdul-Asad, among a group of almost eight y sincere and fait hful men and women, may Allah be pleased wit h t hem.
Allah promised t hem a great reward in t his world and t he next . Allah said:
びる∠レ∠ジ∠ェ ゅ∠Β∇ルぁギャや ヴ⌒プ ∇ユ⊥ヰｚレ∠もあヲ∠ら⊥レ∠ャぴ
(We will cert ainly give t hem good residence in t his world,) Ibn ` Abbas, Ash-Sha` bi and Qat adah said: (t his means) "Al-Madinah.'' It was also said t hat it meant "good provision''. This was t he opinion of Muj ahid. There is no cont radict ion bet ween t hese t wo opinions, for t hey left t heir homes and wealt h, but Allah compensat ed t hem wit h somet hing bet t er in t his world. Whoever gives up somet hing for t he sake of Allah, Allah compensat es him wit h somet hing t hat is bet t er for him t han t hat , and t his is what happened. He gave t hem power t hroughout t he land and caused t hem t o rule over t he people, so t hey became governors and rulers, and each of t hem
became a leader of t he pious. Allah t ells us t hat His reward for t he Muhaj irin in t he Hereaft er is great er t han t hat which He gave t hem in t his world, as He says:
び⊥ゲ∠ら∇ミ∠ぺ ⌒り∠ゲ⌒カｘΙや ⊥ゲ∇ィ∂Ι∠ヱぴ
(but indeed t he reward of t he Hereaft er will be great er) meaning, great er t han t hat which We have given you in t his world.
び∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠Α ∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ∇ヲ∠ャぴ
(if t hey but knew!) means, if t hose who st ayed behind and did not migrat e wit h t hem only knew what Allah prepared for t hose who obeyed Him and followed His Messenger . Then Allah describes t hem as:
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヤｚミ∠ヲ∠わ∠Α ∇ユ⌒ヰあよ∠ケ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ∠ヱ ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ら∠タ ∠リΑ⌒グｚャやぴ
(t hose who remained pat ient , and put t heir t rust in t heir Lord.) (16:42), meaning, t hey bore t heir people's persecut ion wit h pat ience, put t ing t heir t rust in Allah Who made t heir end good in t his world and t he Hereaft er.
∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ヴ⌒ェヲぁル ⇔Ιゅ∠ィ⌒ケ ｚΙ⌒ま ∠マ⌒ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ⌒ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱぴ ャや ∠モ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∠ほ∇シゅ∠プ
∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∠Ι ユ⊥わ∇レ⊥ミ ラ⌒ま ⌒ゲ∇ミあグ
⌒ろ⇒∠レあΒ∠ら∇ャゅ⌒よ
-∠メあゴ⊥ル ゅ∠ョ ⌒サゅｚレヤ⌒ャ ∠リあΒ∠ら⊥わ⌒ャ ∠ゲ∇ミあグャや ∠マ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ∠ヱ ⌒ゲ⊥よぁゴャや∠ヱ び ∠ラヱ⊥ゲｚム∠ヘ∠わ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚヤ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま
(43. And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) any but men, whom We sent revelat ion. So ask Ahl Adh-Dhikr, if you know not .) (44. Wit h clear signs and Books (We sent t he Messengers). And We have also revealed t he Dhikr t o you so t hat you may clearly explain t o men what was revealed t o t hem, and t hat perhaps t hey may reflect .)
Only Human Messengers have been Sent
Ad-Dahhak said, report ing from Ibn ` Abbas: "When Allah sent Muhammad as a Messenger, t he Arabs, or some of t hem, denied him and said, ` Allah is t oo great t o send a human being as a Messenger.' Then Allah revealed:
∇ラ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ヰ∇レあョ ∃モ⊥ィ∠ケ ヴ∠ャ⌒ま べ∠レ∇Β∠ェ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∇ラ∠ぺ ゅ⇔ら∠イ∠ハ ⌒サゅｚレヤ⌒ャ ∠ラゅ∠ミ∠ぺぴ び∠サゅｚレャや ⌒ケ⌒グル∠ぺ
(Is it a wonder t o people t hat We have sent Our Inspirat ion t o a man from among t hemselves (saying): "Warn mankind...'') and He said,
リ⌒ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ヴ⌒ェヲぁル ⇔Ιゅ∠ィ⌒ケ ｚΙ⌒ま ∠マ⌒ヤ∇ら∠ホ
び ∠ラヲ⊥ヨ∠ヤ∇バ∠ゎ ∠Ι ユ⊥わ∇レ⊥ミ ラ⌒ま ⌒ゲ∇ミあグャや ∠モ∇ワ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャ∠ほ∇シゅ∠プ
(And We sent not (as Our Messengers) before you (O Muhammad) any but men, whom We sent Revelat ion. So ask Ahl Adh-Dhikr, if you know not .). meaning, (ask) t he people of t he previous Books, were t he Messengers t hat were sent t o t hem humans or angels If t hey were angels, t hen you have t he right t o find t his st range, but if t hey were human, t hen you have no grounds t o deny t hat Muhammad is a Messenger. Allah says:
∇リあョ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ヴ⌒ェヲぁル ⇔Ιゅ∠ィ⌒ケ ｚΙ⌒ま ∠マ⌒ヤ∇ら∠ホ リ⌒ョ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱぴ びン∠ゲ⊥ボ∇ャや ⌒モ∇ワ∠ぺ
(And We sent not before you (as Messengers) any but men t o whom We revealed, from among t he people of t ownships. ) ぴ12:109び and not from among t he people of heaven as you say.'' It was report ed by Muj ahid from Ibn ` Abbas t hat what is meant by Ahl Adh-Dhikr is t he People of t he Book. This is as Allah says:
ヴ⌒プ ヴ∠ホ∇ゲ∠ゎ ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∃フ⊥ゲ∇カ⊥コ リあョ ∀ろ∇Β∠よ ∠マ∠ャ ∠ラヲ⊥ム∠Α ∇ヱ∠ぺぴ
⊥ゎ ヴｚわ∠ェ ∠マあΒ⌒ホ⊥ゲ⌒ャ ∠リ⌒ョ∇ぽぁル リ∠ャ∠ヱ ⌒￢べ∠ヨｚジャや ゅ⇔よゅ∠わ⌒ミ ゅ∠レ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ∠メあゴ∠レ
⇔Ιヲ⊥シｚケ や⇔ゲ∠ゼ∠よ ｚΙ∠ま ⊥ろレ⊥ミ ∇モ∠ワ ヴあよ∠ケ ∠リ⇒∠エ∇ら⊥シ ∇モ⊥ホ ⊥ロ⊥￢∠ゲ∇ボｚル ｚΙ⌒ま ン∠ギ⊥ヰ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ワ∠￢べ∠ィ ∇ク⌒ま ∇やヲ⊥レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥Α ラ∠ぺ ∠サゅｚレャや ∠ノ∠レ∠ョ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ
-び ⇔Ιヲ⊥シｚケ や⇔ゲ∠ゼ∠よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ゑ∠バ∠よ∠ぺ ∇やヲ⊥ャゅ∠ホ ラ∠ぺ
(Say: "Glorified be my Lord! Am I anyt hing but a man, sent as a Messenger'' And not hing prevent ed men from believing when t he guidance came t o t hem, except t hat t hey said: "Has Allah sent a man as (His) Messenger'') (17:93-94)
∇ユ⊥ヰｚル⌒ま ｚΙ⌒ま ∠リΒ⌒ヤ∠シ∇ゲ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠リ⌒ョ ∠マ∠ヤ∇ら∠ホ ゅ∠レ∇ヤ∠シ∇ケ∠ぺ べ∠ョ∠ヱぴ
∠ラヲ⊥ヤ⊥ミ∇ほ∠Β∠ャ
び⌒ベや∠ヲ∇シｘΙや ヴ⌒プ ∠ラヲ⊥ゼ∇ヨ∠Α∠ヱ ∠ュゅ∠バｚトャや
(And We never sent before you (O Muhammad) any of t he Messengers but verily, t hey at e food and walked in t he market s.) (25:20)
∇やヲ⊥ルゅ∠ミ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱ ∠ュゅ∠バｚトャや ∠ラヲ⊥ヤ⊥ミ∇ほ∠Α ｚΙ ⇔やギ∠ジ∠ィ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⇒∠レ∇ヤ∠バ∠ィ ゅ∠ョ∠ヱぴ び ∠リΑ⌒ギ⌒ヤ⇒∠カ
(And We did not creat e t hem (t he Messengers, wit h) bodies t hat did not eat food, nor were t hey immort als.)(21:8)
び⌒モ⊥シぁゲャや ∠リあョ ⇔ゅハ∇ギ⌒よ ⊥ろレ⊥ミ ゅ∠ョ ∇モ⊥ホぴ
(Say (O Muhammad ): "I am not a new t hing among t he Messengers. '') ぴ46:9び,
⌒ま ∇モ⊥ホぴ びｚヴ∠ャ⌒ま ヴ∠ェヲ⊥Α ∇ユ⊥ム⊥ヤ∇んあョ ∀ゲ∠ゼ∠よ ∇ゅ∠ル∠ぺ べ∠ヨｚル
(Say (O Muhammad): "I am only a man like you. It has been revealed t o me.'') ぴ18:110び Then Allah informs t hose who doubt t hat a Messenger can be a human t o ask t hose who have knowledge of t he previous Script ures about t he Prophet s who came before: were t heir Prophet s humans or angels Then Allah ment ions t hat He has sent t hem,
び⌒ろ⇒∠レあΒ∠ら∇ャゅ⌒よぴ
(wit h clear signs), meaning proof and evidence, and
び⌒ゲ⊥よぁゴャや∠ヱぴ
(and Books ぴZuburび), meaning Script ures. Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Ad-Dahhak and ot hers said:
Zubur is t he plural of Zabur, and t he Arabs say, Zaburt ul-Kit ab meaning, "I wrot e t he book.'' Allah says:
び ⌒ゲ⊥よぁゴャや ヴ⌒プ ⊥ロヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∠プ ∃￢∇ヴ∠セ ぁモ⊥ミ∠ヱぴ
(And everyt hing t hey have done is not ed in (t heir) Records (of deeds) ぴZuburび) (54:52)
ｚラ∠ぺ ⌒ゲ∇ミあグャや ⌒ギ∇バ∠よ リ⌒ョ ⌒ケヲ⊥よｚゴャや ヴ⌒プ ゅ∠レ∇ら∠わ∠ミ ∇ギ∠ボ∠ャ∠ヱぴ び ∠ラヲ⊥エ⌒ヤ⇒ｚダャや ∠ン⌒キゅ∠ら⌒ハ ゅ∠ヰ⊥を⌒ゲ∠Α ∠チ∇ケｘΙや
(And indeed We have writ t en in Az-Zabur aft er t he Dhikr t hat My right eous servant shall inherit t he land (i.e. t he land of Paradise).) (21:105) Then Allah says:
び∠ゲ∇ミあグャや ∠マ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ゅ∠レ∇ャ∠ゴル∠ぺ∠ヱぴ
(And We have also revealed t he Dhikr t o you), meaning t he Qur'an,
び∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ャ⌒ま ∠メあゴ⊥ル ゅ∠ョ ⌒サゅｚレヤ⌒ャ ∠リあΒ∠ら⊥わ⌒ャぴ
(so t hat you may clearly explain t o men what was revealed t o t hem,) meaning, sent down from t heir Lord, because you know t he meaning of what Allah has revealed t o you, and because of your underst anding and adherence t o it , and because We know t hat you are t he best of creat ion and t he leader of t he Children of Adam. So t hat you may explain in det ail what has been ment ioned in brief, and explain what is not clear.
び∠ラヱ⊥ゲｚム∠ヘ∠わ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ヰｚヤ∠バ∠ャ∠ヱぴ
(so t hat perhaps t hey may reflect .) meaning, t hey should examine t hemselves and be guided by it , so t hat t hey may at t ain t he vict ory of salvat ion in t his world and t he next .
⊥ユ⌒ヰ⌒よ ⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ブ⌒ジ∇ガ∠Α ラ∠ぺ ⌒れゅ∠ゃあΒｚジャや ∇やヱ⊥ゲ∠ム∠ョ ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ∠リ⌒ョ∠ほ∠プ∠ぺぴ
∠ラヱ⊥ゲ⊥バ∇ゼ∠Α ∠Ι ⊥ゑ∇Β∠ェ ∇リ⌒ョ ⊥ゆや∠グ∠バ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ヰ∠Β⌒ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∠チ∇ケｘΙや
∠リΑ⌒ゴ⌒イ∇バ⊥ヨ⌒よ ユ⊥ワ ゅ∠ヨ∠プ ∇ユ⌒ヰ⌒らぁヤ∠ボ∠ゎ ヴ⌒プ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠グ⊥カ∇ほ∠Α ∇ヱ∠ぺ
-∇ヱ∠ぺ
-び ∀ユΒ⌒ェｚケ ∀フヱ⊥ぼ∠ゲ∠ャ ∇ユ⊥ムｚよ∠ケ ｚラ⌒み∠プ ∃フぁヲ∠ガ∠ゎ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∇ユ⊥ワ∠グ⊥カ∇ほ∠Α
(45. Do t hen t hose who devise evil plot s feel secure t hat Allah will not cause t hem t o sink int o t he eart h, or t hat t orment will not seize t hem from where t hey do not perceive it ) (46. Or t hat He may punish t hem in t he midst of t heir going t o and fro (in t heir livelihood), so t hat t here be no escape for t hem (from Allah's punishment )) (47. Or t hat He may punish t hem where t hey fear it most Indeed, Your Lord is full of kindness, Most Merciful.)