OF DEPARTURE TIME ON SHOPPING TRAVEL
3.3 APPLICATION OF THE MODEL
3.3.3 Results of survey
3.3.3.2 Survey result on daily shopping travel in Fukuoka, Japan
67
Figure 3.5c and Figure 3.5d show distribution of transit mode usage for the both categories, i.e. age and family size categories respectively. As shown by the figure 3.5c, the people of the all of age categories utilize private car and private motorcycle as major mode of their travel to shopping centre as well as in Figure 3.5d in view of family size categories. Further, Figure 3.5c shows that the age category of 15 – 25 years old has larger usage of private motorcycle than private car, in contrary with the age category of 40 – 55 years old. This phenomenon is similar to mode usage based on family size categories, where the family size categories with 1 until 4 persons as family members dominate private motorcycle utilizing in contrary with domination of private car utilizing for the people which has family member 5 - 7 persons.
According to the above survey results, we classified the respondents in this study into 2 categories of life stage, i.e., less than 25 years old and more than 25 years old.
These categorizations are conducted in order to test the application and the reproduce capability of the model.
68
Figure 3.7 shows frequency of daily shopping activity in a week for each category of family structure of respondents in Meinohama and Munakata. The figure shows that the category of two persons as family size had larger trip frequencies for daily shopping in a week than those in other categories. The dominant frequencies in Meinohama and Munakata were 3 times and twice a week, respectively.
a. Meinohama
b. Munakata
Figure 3.6 Characteristic of age and family structure in Fukuoka, Japan
37 46 22 25
61
24 46
27 86
254
17 62
47
70
89
6 79
54
49
26
3 22 34
23 11
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
20 30 40 50 60
Age (Years)
Percentage of Family structure for each Age Category (%) 1 Person 2 Persons 3 Persons 4 Persons 5 Persons
0 0
23 145
2 8
141 425
3
11
41 116
3
6
20 52
13
11 21 147
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
40 50 60 70
Age (Years)
Percentage of Family structure for each Age Category (%) 1 Person 2 Persons 3 Persons 4 Persons 5 Persons
69
Figure 3.8 and Figure 3.9 show the portions of travel modes for daily shopping of families generation 60s and those less than 50s, respectively. “Touch Bus” for Munakata residents in the figures is a bus service provided by the local government but by any private companies. It was revealed that all the available modes were used and the variation of modes depends on the local conditions.
a. Meinohama
b. Munakata
39 34
31 12
5
37 89
55 48 19
57 123 70 56 27
20 82 51
44 13
16 58 33
29 14
8 19 16
8 5
3 12 21
11 8
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1 2 3 4 5
Family Structure (Person)
Percentage （%）
1 Times 2 Times 3 Times 4 Times 5 Times 6 Times 7 Times
33 55
17 5 13
46 128 27
14 25
38 98 22
7 25
10 43 19
4 11
6 37 8
4 8
2 8 6
1 2
2 14 5 2 1
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
1 2 3 4 5
Family Structure (Person)
Percentage (%)
1 Times 2 Times 3 Times 4Times 5 Times 6 Times 7 Times
70
Figure 3.7 Characteristic of number of trip in Fukuoka, Japan
a. Meinohama
b. Munakata
Figure 3.8 Characteristic of mode transit utilization of age > 60 years category As shown by the above arguments on the survey results, we classified the respondents in Meinohana into 2 categories of age, i.e., generation 50s and less, and
12 4 0
16 3 0 0
26 14
1 22
4 1 0
37 28
1 27
3
0 1
26 27
0 10
1 0 0
16 25
0 7
1 0 0
9 9
0 3
0 0 0
12 13
0 4
0 0 0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Walk Bicycle Motorcycle Car Bus Taxi Subway
Percentage of Utilization of Transportation Mode for Age > 60 years (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
28 10 4
37 26
3 14
6
47 25 12
80
39
1 24
11
58 22 13 59
13
0 19
6
35 9 1 29
6 0 1
1
20 2 4
14 6
0 8
2
4 1 0
9 1
0 2
0
11 2 3
12 2 0 1 0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Walk Bicycle Motorcycle Car (Myself）
Car (Others）
Taxi Nishitetsu Bus Touch Bus
Percentage of Utilization of Transportation Mode for Age > 60 years (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
71
that over 60s. We also categorize the family size into two, 1-2 persons, and 3 and more. On the other hand, the respondents of the generation under 50s were few in Munakata, only the respondents over 60s are taken into account for the comparison with those in Meinohama. The classification of the family size for Munakata respondents is the same as that for Meinohama respondents.
a. Meinohama
b. Munakata
31 20
1 56
4 0 0
67 70
8 77
4
1 0
102 99
4 107
6
0 2
77 55
3 47
1
0 1
47 53
0 30
2 0 0
25 21
0 5
0 0 0
25 23 0 7
0 0 0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Walk Bicycle Motorcyc
le Car Bus Taxi Subway
Percentage of Utilization of Transportation Mode for Age < 50 years (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
30 10 4
41 28 15
4 6
49 27 12
90
43 25
1 11
62 23 13
67
13 20
0 6
38 10 2
35 6 1
0 1
22 2 5
18 7 8
0 2
5 1 0 10
2 3 0 0
11 2 3
13 2 1 0 0
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Walk Bicycle Motorcycle Car (Myself）
Car (Others）
Taxi Nishitetsu Bus Touch Bus
Percentage of Utilization of Transportation Mode for Age < 50 years (%)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
72
Figure 3.9 Characteristic of mode transit utilization of age < 50 years category 3.3.4 Results of calculation
The estimated parameters for each category of the respondents for both case studies, Makassar case and Fukuoka case are shown in Table 3.4 and Table 3.5 respectively.
Both tables are shown along with the statistics showing the minimized square difference values, R2Min, and significant level of fitness, α, between the calculated and observed departure time distributions by using χ2 and KS test.
The departure time distributions of travelers on shopping centre travel in Makassar obtained from the calculation are shown in Figures 3.10. While the departure time distributions of individuals on daily shopping travel in Fukuoka are described in Figure 3.11 and Figure 3.12 for Meinohama and Munakata suburb respectively.
Those tables and figures revealed that the calculation reproduced the observed distributions well though the Chi- square tests gave small values of goodness of fit for almost categories. On the other hand, the significant levels of goodness of fit by Kolmogorov-Shirinov (K-S) test reached 20% for all categories.
Table 3.4 Result calculation of parameters on Makassar Case Parameter
of Model
Inconsiderate of D4 Consider D4
Age ≤ 25 years
Age > 25 years
Age ≤ 25 years
Age > 25 years
µα 0.0283 0.0787 0.0281 0.0798
σα 0.1335 0.1621 0.1515 0.1737
µtb 20.2097 21.0658 20.1902 21.2375
σtb 1.2567 4.9365 1.3069 4.9446
B 0.0445
µtds 17.1824 17.1751
σtds 0.2535 0.2503
µtdd 1.9218 1.9032
σtdd 0.1672 0.2334
Number of data 267 485 267 485
Square error minimum (R2min) 319.9415 405.2521
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Degree of freedom (df) 9 8
α of χ2 test (%) 5 1
α of KS test (%) 20 20
Table 3.5 Result calculation of parameters on Fukuoka Case
Attribute of Category
Parameter Model
No.
data R
Significant level of test No. Family Min
Members (People)
Age
(years) µtt σtt µtb σtb µLS σLS µLD σLD χ
(%)
2 KS
(%) 1 – 2* < 50 10.5 0.80 20.5 1.55 11.5 1.30 4.0 2.45 259 104.4 5 20
> 3* < 50 11.0 0.35 18.0 2.20 12.0 0.25 3.5 2.50 421 825.0 1 20 1 – 2* > 60 10.5 0.40 16.5 2.80 12.5 0.15 2.0 0.80 236 111.5 5 20
> 3* > 60 10.5 0.65 17.5 0.60 12.5 0.15 3.5 2.30 93 42.9 5 20 1 – 2** > 60 10.5 0.35 16.5 1.95 12.5 0.15 2.5 1.40 474 863.2 - 20
> 3** > 60 10.0 0.40 17.0 2.55 12.5 0.60 2.0 0.95 167 45.8 5 20
Note: * Meinohama town, **Munakata town
a. Category of age less than or equal 25 years old
b. Category of age more than 25 years old
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
10 -11 11 -12 12 -13 13 -14 14 -15 15 -16 16 -17 17 -18 18 -19 19 -20 20 -21 21 -22
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time of Age ≤ 25 years old (O'Clock)
Observation Calculation is inconsiderate of D4 Calculation consider D4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
10 -11 11 -12 12 -13 13 -14 14 -15 15 -16 16 -17 17 -18 18 -19 19 -20 20 -21 21 -22
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time of Age > 25 years old (O'Clock)
Observation Calculation is inconsiderate of D4 Calculation consider D4
74
Figure 3.10 Calculation result of departure time of shopping travelers in Makassar
a. No. Family Member 1 - 2 persons; Age
b. No. Family Member > 3 persons; Age
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
75
Figure 3.11 Calculation result of departure time of shopping travelers in Meinohama
c. No. Family Member 1 - 2 persons; Age
d. No. Family Member > 3 persons; Age > 60 years
Figure 3.11 Calculation result of departure time of shopping travelers in Meinohama
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
76
a. No. Family Member 1 - 2 persons; Age > 60 years
b. No. Family Member > 3 persons; Age > 60 years
Figure 3.12 Calculation result of departure time of shopping travelers in Munakata
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Number of People (Person)
Departure Time (Hour) Observation Calculation
77