C^_Nb CS^O# C_\`Ob >O^RYNYVYQb KXN 5K^K 5O]M\SZ^SYX
,%( ;X^\YN_M^SYX
Refp qebpfp fksbpqfd^qbp qeb fjm^`qp lc qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov moldo^j lk clobpq
`lkafqflk ^ka j^k^dbjbkq, Rebobclob* s^oflrp qvmbp lc nr^kqfq^qfsb fkcloj^qflk obi^qba ql clobpqp ^ka `ljjrkfqfbp ^ob obnrfoba ql ^ppbpp qeb fjm^`qp, Refp `e^mqbo molsfabp abq^fip lc qeb jbqelalildv ^ka cfbiatloh rkaboq^hbk ql `liib`q qeb a^q^, Rl `lkar`q qeb ofdlolrp b`lkljbqof`
^k^ivpfp* mofj^ov ^p tbii ^p pb`lka^ov a^q^ tbob `liib`qba, Reb nr^kqfq^qfsb a^q^ obi^qba ql qeb clobpq `lkafqflk tbob `liib`qba colj qeb ob`loap lc qeb ADSEp* tebob^p lqebo a^q^ tbob
`liib`qba qeolrde qeb prosbv, Qqor`qroba nrbpqflkk^fob tbob mobm^oba ql `liib`q mofj^ov ^p tbii pb`lka^ov a^q^ ^_lrq qeb `ljjrkfqv ^ka clobpqp,
Refp `e^mqbo fp pqor`qroba ^p cliiltp, Qb`qflk 3,0 abp`of_bp qeb `lrkqov _^`hdolrka, Qb`qflk 3,1 molsfabp fkcloj^qflk ^_lrq qeb pqrav afpqof`q, Qb`qflk 3,2 molsfabp fkcloj^qflk ^_lrq qeb clobpq obi^qba fkpqfqrqflkp fk qeb pqrav afpqof`qp, Qb`qflk 3,3 bumi^fkp ^_lrq qeb obpb^o`e
^mmol^`e rkaboq^hbk fk qefp pqrav, Qb`qflk 3,4 molsfabp qeb a^q^ abp`ofmqflk ^ka pb`qflk 3,5 prjj^ofwbp qeb `e^mqbo,
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&Qfpekfv^ TBA' ql 0*.36 jbqbop &F^kpfmro TBA' colj qeb pb^ ibsbi, Gq fp il`^qba _bqtbbk i^qfqrabp 05l15{ ^ka 06l07{ kloqe ^ka ilkdfqrabp 60l0{ ^ka 60l32{ b^pq, Reb afpqof`q fp proolrkaba _v I^mfis^pqr* ?ode^he^k`ef* ^ka Nvrqe^k afpqof`qp fk qeb C^pq* @^khb ^ka Qrohebq afpqof`qp fk qeb Ubpq* Q^iv^k ^ka Plim^ afpqof`qp fk qeb Lloqe ^ka Gkaf^ fk qeb Qlrqe, Rebob ^ob qtl Krkf`fm^ifqfbp ^ka 17 Tfii^db Bbsbilmjbkq Aljjfqqbbp fk qefp afpqof`q, Reb B^kd afpqof`q fp afsfaba _v Aerof^ Ffiip fkql qtl s^iibvp ^ka qebfo mbofmebo^i ^ob^p, B^kd s^iibv ifbp qlt^oap qeb kloqebok pfab lc qeb jfa+Aerof^ Ffiip* tef`e fp ^ipl `^iiba fkkbo R^o^f tefib qeb Bbrhe^of s^iibv fp pfqr^qba fk qeb plrqebok m^oq lc jfa+Aerof^ Ffiip ^ka buqbkap ql qeb plrqe, Reb afpqof`q eb^anr^oqbo fp il`^qba fk qeb B^kd s^iibv* tef`e fp jlob absbilmba qe^k qeb Bbrhe^of s^iibv, Gk
./5
qeb kloqebok m^oq lc qeb afpqof`q* qeb K^e^_e^o^q P^kdb buqbkap colj b^pq ql tbpq, Reb afpqof`q e^p
^ pr_qolmf`^i jlkpllk^i `ifj^qb fk qeb s^iibvp ^ka Aerof^ Ffiip* ^ka ^ qbjmbo^qb `ifj^qb fk qeb K^e^_e^o^q P^kdb, Jl^j ^ka `i^v plfip `^k _b clrka fk qeb s^iibvp* tebob^p ol`h* pi^qbp* ^ka jfuba plfi ^ob clrka fk qeb efii ^ob^, Reb clojbo fp `lkpfaboba ^p jlob c^slo^_ib qe^k qeb i^qqbo clo qobb doltqe, Q^i fp qeb j^fk qobb pmb`fbp fk qeb clobpqp fk Aerof^ Ffiip ^ka qeb s^iibvp, Mqebo j^fk qobb pmb`fbp fk qeb clobpqp ^ob ^pk^ &gXe`\aT_\T gb`XagbfT'* pfppll &WT_UXeZ\T f\ffbb'* he^fo
&TVTV\T VTgXV[h' ^ka g^jrk &flm\Z\h` Vh`\a\', Q^ii^ &c\ahf ebkUheZ[\\' ^ka qllkf &gbbaT V\_\TgT'
^ob fjmloq^kq pmb`fbp clrka fk qeb K^e^_e^o^q P^kdb, Reb _^pf` `e^o^`qbofpqf`p lc qefp afpqof`q
^ob prjj^ofwba fk R^_ib /,
R^_ib 3,/8 @^pf` `e^o^`qbofpqf`p lc qeb B^kd Bfpqof`q
Rlq^i Nlmri^qflk &0... `bkprp' 240*16.
Rlq^i Lrj_bo lc Flrpbeliap 60*273
Rlq^i ?ob^ lc Bfpqof`q &e^' 073*3..
Rlq^i Dlobpq ?ob^ &e^' /70*/33
Aljjrkfqv Dlobpq ?ob^ &e^' 73*004
Lrj_bo lc Aljjrkfqv Dlobpqp 225
Ll, lc Flrpbeliap Gkslisba fk Aljjrkfqv Dlobpqov^
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?sbo^db Ll, lc Flrpbeliap mbo Spbo Eolrm /75
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?``loafkd ql L^qflk^i mlmri^qflk `bkprp &A@Q* 0../'* qeb qlq^i mlmri^qflk lc qeb B^kd afpqof`q fp 24016. tebob 27 mbo`bkq ^ob j^ib* ^ka 3/ mbo`bkq ^ob cbj^ib, Rebob ^ob 60270 elrpbeliap fk qeb afpqof`q* ^ka qeb ifqbo^`v o^qb fp ^olrka 35 mbo`bkq, Gk qeb B^kd afpqof`qp* qeb j^odfk^ifwba B^ifq mblmib ^ob ^_lrq /0 mbo`bkq* H^k^g^qf ^ob ^_lrq 26 mbo`bkq ^ka lqebo `^pqb dolrmp ^ob ^_lrq 2. mbo`bkq,
Reb B^kd afpqof`q* tebob pljb `ljjrkfqfbp obprjba qfj_bo clobpq j^k^dbjbkq fkcloj^iiv fk ^olrka /76. ^ka cloj^i e^kalsbo mol`bpp t^p pq^oqba fk qeb _bdfkkfkd lc qeb
/77.p &b^oifbo qe^k lqebo Rbo^f obdflk'* fp ob`ldkfwba ^p ^ mflkbbo afpqof`q fk `ljjrkfqv clobpqov fk qeb Rbo^f obdflk, Klob qe^k 3. mbo`bkq lc qeb clobpq ^ob^ t^p ^iob^av e^kaba lsbo ql qeb
`ljjrkfqv dolrmp* ^ka jlob qe^k /.. mbo`bkq lc qeb mlmri^qflkp tbob bkd^dba fk qeb
`ljjrkfqv clobpqov dolrmp &/.. mbo`bkq arb ql qeb armif`^qflk lc qeb elrpbeliap fk jlob qe^k lkb `ljjrkfqv dolrmp', Reb clobpq ^ob^ lc qeb B^kd afpqof`q `lsbop qeb 44 mbo`bkq lc qeb qlq^i
^ob^ lc qeb afpqof`q, Rlq^i mlqbkqf^i `ljjrkfqv clobpq ^ob^ fabkqfcfba fk qeb afpqof`q fp ^_lrq 17 mbo`bkq lc qeb qlq^i clobpq ^ob^ _rq jlob qe^k mlqbkqf^i clobpq ^ob^ fp ^iob^av e^kaba lsbo, Refp fp _b`^rpb qeb ^ob^p fabkqfcfba clo qeb mlqbkqf^i `ljjrkfqv clobpqov ^ob klq obif^_ib ^ka qeb `ofqboflk lc pbib`qfkd qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpq ^ka mlqbkqf^i `ljjrkfqv clobpq fp afccbobkq &JDN* 0./.', Gk B^kd afpqof`q* 250 ADSEp tbob clojba rkqfi 0./. tebob ^_lrq 66.54 elrpbeliap ^ob fkslisba,
?jlkd qebpb elrpbeliap* 25 mbo`bkq lc qeb elrpbeliap ^ob rkabo qeb mllo `^qbdlov ^``loafkd ql qeb tb^iqe `i^ppfcf`^qflk `lkar`qba _v b^`e `ljjrkfqv dolrmp, Qfk`b qeb afpqof`q fp of`e fk clobpq obplro`bp* ADSEp ^ob `liib`qfkd ^_lrq 23. jfiiflk ormbbp fk ^k ^sbo^db mbo vb^o colj qeb clobpqov pb`qlo fk qeb B^kd afpqof`q &JDN* 0./.', Gk ^aafqflk ql `liib`qfkd obsbkrbp* ADSEp
`lkar`qp s^oflrp moldo^jp ql rmifcqp qeb ifsbifellap lc qeb mllo mblmib,
,%* 7Y\O]^ \OVK^ON SX]^S^_^SYX] SX 5KXQ NS]^\SM^]
,%*%( 5S]^\SM^ PY\O]^ YPPSMO KXN S^] L\KXMRO]
Gk B^kd afpqof`q* qebob fp lkb Bfpqof`q Dlobpq Mccf`b* 1 Gi^h^ Dlobpq Mccf`bp ^ka /3 P^kdbp Nlpqp, Bfpqof`q lccf`b fp il`^qba fk qeb Rof_ers^k Krkf`fm^ifqv* tef`e fp ^ afpqof`q eb^anr^oqbo, Rtl fi^h^ clobpq lccf`bp ^ob il`^qba fk qeb B^kd s^iibv* &fk Rof_ers^k jrkf`fm^ifqv ^ka Rripfmro Krkf`fm^ifqv' ^ka lkb fi^h^ clobpq lccf`b fp il`^qba fk qeb Bbrhe^of s^iibv &E^a^t^', Dlobpq lccf`bp e^sb qeb mofjb olib fk qeb absbilmjbkq lc qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov, Reb j^glo ^`qfsfqfbp
`lkar`qba _v qeb clobpq lccf`bp ql prmmloq qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpq rpbo dolrmp ^ob ^p cliiltp, Dlobpq Mccf`bo prmmloq qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpq rpbo dolrmp ql mobm^ob qeb lmbo^qflk^i mi^k* ^ka
`lkpqfqrqflk* molsfab prmmloq ql `lkar`q qeb clobpq fksbkqlov* `lkar`q s^oflrp mo^`qf`^i qo^fkfkd lk clobpq j^k^dbjbkq ^ka molqb`qflk, Reb olib lc o^kdbo &clobpq lccf`bo' fp sbov `or`f^i fk qeb mol`bpp lc qeb e^ka+lsbo lc qeb clobpqp, Fb-peb mi^vp hbv olib fk lod^kfwfkd qeb `ljjrkfqv dolrmp ^ka obplisfkd qeb `lkcif`qp tebk qebv e^mmbk, Reb ADSE cloj^qflk mol`bpp fp nrfqb qfjb
`lkprjfkd arb ql afccbobkq fkqbobpqp lc qeb rpbop,
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Mkb _o^k`e lccf`b lc qeb Dbabo^qflk lc Aljjrkfqv Dlobpqov Spbop* Lbm^i &DCAMDL' fp il`^qba fk qeb Eelo^f* B^kd Bfpqof`q, ?``loafkd ql qeb Aljjrkfqv Dlobpqov Spbo Erfabifkbp
&0../'* qeb olib lc qeb afpqof`q cbabo^qflk lc `ljjrkfqv clobpq rpbo dolrm fk`irabp8 ql ^asl`^qb mlif`v clojri^qflk fk c^slo lc qeb ADSEp* ql ebim ql j^fkq^fk qeb dlla dlsbok^k`b fk qeb fjmibjbkq^qflk lc qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov moldo^j* ql moljlqb qeb mlsboqv obar`qflk obi^qba
^`qfsfqfbp* ql ebim qeb ADSEp fk erj^k absbilmjbkq qeolrde qo^fkfkd* ql jlqfs^qb qeb ADSEp ql
`liib`q crkap clo clobpq absbilmjbkq ^`qfsfqfbp* ^ka ql ebim fk qeb jlkfqlofkd ^ka bs^ir^qflk mol`bpp,
,%*%* ?8@] &;?8@]
Rebob ^ob j^kv LEMp-GLEMp tlohfkd fk qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov pb`qlo fk B^kd Bfpqof`qp, Rtl lc qebj ^ob8 Jfsbifellap ^ka Dlobpqov Noldo^j &JDN' B^kd ^ka Frj^k Ubic^ob
^ka Cksfolkjbkq Nolqb`qflk Abkqob &FUCNA', Jfsbifella ^ka Dlobpqov Noldo^j &JDN' mi^vp ^k fjmloq^kq olib ql bke^k`b qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov moldo^j fk qeb B^kd afpqof`q, ?``loafkd ql JDN prjj^ov obmloq &0./.'* JDN e^p tlohba j^fkiv fk qeobb ^ob^p lc qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqp absbilmjbkq, Dfopq* JDN prmmloqp ADSEp fk qeb cloj^qflk lc qeb rpbo dolrmp ^ka clobpq j^k^dbjbkq, Qb`lka* JDN ebimp `ljjrkfqv dolrmp ql j^fkq^fk dlla dlsbok^k`b fk clobpq j^k^dbjbkq ^`qfsfqfbp ^ka bjmltbo qeb j^odfk^ifwba mblmib qeolrde bke^k`fkd qebfo m^oqf`fm^qflk, Gq ^ipl ebimp ql lod^kfwb qeb ADSE jbbqfkd ^ka ^ppbj_iv tefib ebimfkd ql j^fkq^fk ADSEp ^``lrkq ^ka ob`loap pvpqbj^qf`^iiv, Qfjfi^oiv* fq ebimp ql `lkar`q qeb mr_if`
eb^ofkd clo qo^kpm^obk`v* ^ka bk`lro^db m^oqf`fm^qflk lc tljbk* mllo ^ka lqebo afp^as^kq^dba dolrmp fk qeb ab`fpflk+j^hfkd mol`bpp, Kloblsbo* fq bk`lro^dbp qeb ADSE jbj_bop ql ^aaobpp qeb mol_ibj lc bu`irpflk ^ka fk`irpflk* ^ka ebim ql fkfqf^qb qeb `^m^`fqv absbilmjbkq ^`qfsfqv clo cfbia pq^cc pr`e ^p qo^fkfkd ^ka cfbia _^pba `l^`efkd, Refoa* JDN e^p tlohba fk qeb ^ob^ lc
`ifj^qb `e^kdb ^a^mq^qflk ^ka jfqfd^qflk mol`bpp,
,%+ BO]OK\MR KZZ\YKMR
Ebkbo^iiv* qeobb _^pf` ^mmol^`ebp ^ob rkaboq^hbk ql `lkar`q ^ obpb^o`e8 nr^ifq^qfsb*
nr^kqfq^qfsb ^ka jfuba ^mmol^`e &Aobptbii* 0..7', Reb nr^ifq^qfsb ^mmol^`e fp _^pba lk qeb
`liib`qflk lc fkcloj^qflk ^ka qeb `lkar`qflk lc qebfo ^k^ivpfp fk qeb cloj lc bumobppflkp lc sfbtp
lo cbbifkdp, Refp ^mmol^`e fp j^fkiv rpba fk dbkbo^qfkd qeblofbp ^ka evmlqebpbp _v buqbkafkd qeb qlmf` colj pmb`fcf` ql dbkbo^i &Nrk`e* 0..3', Or^kqfq^qfsb ^mmol^`e fp qeb krjbof`^i obmobpbkq^qflk ^ka j^kfmri^qflk lc qeb fkcloj^qflk obi^qba ql qeb `lk`bokba mebkljbklk, Refp
^mmol^`e fp rpba ql abp`of_b qeb mebkljbklk fk qeb pvpqbj^qf` t^v, Or^kqfq^qfsb obpb^o`e e^p _bbk afob`qba ql qeb sbofcf`^qflk lo dbkbo^qflk lc qeb qeblov &Nrk`e* 0..3', ?``loafkd ql Alebk
&/76.'* nr^kqfq^qfsb ^mmol^`ebp ^ob qelpb tef`e bjmilv bjmfof`^i jbqela ^ka bjmfof`^i pq^qbjbkq, Droqebo* eb bumi^fkp qe^q ^k bjmfof`^i pq^qbjbkq fp ^ abp`ofmqfsb pq^qbjbkq tef`e ^ph qeb nrbpqflk ^p %te^q fp qeb `^pb% o^qebo qe^k %te^q lrdeq ql _b qeb `^pb%, Gk qeb nr^kqfq^qfsb obpb^o`e* bjmfof`^i pq^qbjbkqp ^ob bumobppba fk qeb krjbof`^i qbojp,
Refp pqrav qofbp ql ^ppbpp qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov moldo^j, Rebobclob* qefp pqrav kbbap ql rpb qeb obibs^kq nr^kqfq^qfsb fkcloj^qflk ql cfka qeb ^ppl`f^qflk _bqtbbk qeb afccbobkq s^of^_ib obi^qba ql qeb clobpqp ^ka qeb `ljjrkfqfbp, Rebobclob* qefp pqrav fp mofj^ofiv _^pba lk qeb nr^kqfq^qfsb ^mmol^`e,
,%+%( BOZY\^ YP Z\O$`S]S^ YP \O]OK\MR ]S^O]
Rl rkabopq^ka qeb pq^qrp lc qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpqov ^ka j^k^dbjbkq mol`bpp* G sfpfqba s^oflrp `ljjrkfqv clobpqp lc qeb B^kd afpqof`qp moflo ql a^q^ `lii^qflk mol`bpp, Refp sfpfq ebimba jb ql dbkbo^qb qeb evmlqebpfp ^ka obpb^o`e nrbpqflkp, Gk K^o`e* 0./.* G sfpfqba pljb lc qeb
`ljjrkfqv clobpqp, Dfopq* G sfpfqba Qv^i^m^kf `ljjrkfqv clobpq lk 01oa lc K^o`e, Gq fp ^_lrq /.
hfiljbqbo c^o colj qeb `bkqob lc qeb afpqof`q, G jbq tfqe qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpq rpbo dolrm jbj_bop
^ka q^ihba ^_lrq elt qebv j^k^db qeb clobpq, G ^phba `ljjrkfqv jbj_bop ^_lrq qeb j^k^dbjbkq ^`qfsfqfbp `^oofba lrq fk qeb m^pq vb^op, Rebv obmloqba qe^q qebv e^sb _bbk
`lkar`qfkd pfisf`riqro^i ^`qfsfqfbp bsbov vb^o, Rebv al klq rpb efoba i^_lo fk pr`e lmbo^qflk, Qfisf`riqro^i lmbo^qflk pr`e ^p tbaafkd* pfdk^ifkd* morkfkd fp `^oofba lrq lk ^ olq^qflk^i _^pfp, G sfpfqba J^e^obfk `ljjrkfqv clobpq lk 02qelc K^o`e, Refp clobpq fp ^ ifqqib _fq c^o colj qeb afpqof`q
`bkqob _rq kb^o jlrkq^fklrp qboo^fk lc qeb sfii^db, G t^ihba ^`olpp qeb clobpq tfqe qeb `ljjrkfqv clobpq rpbo dolrm jbj_bop ^ka ^phba qebj ^_lrq efpqlof`^i ^ka `roobkq `lkafqflkp lc qeb clobpqp, Rebv p^fa qe^q ^olrka 13 vb^op ^dl qeb ^ob^ t^p `ljmibqbiv abclobpqba* ^ka qebv prccboba colj i^`h lc aofkhfkd t^qbo* i^kapifabp ^ka lqebo krj_bo lc mol_ibjp, Rebobclob* qebv pq^oqba ql mobpbosb qeb clobpq _v clojfkd fkcloj^i clobpq rpbop dolrm, ?cqbo /. vb^op* dlsbokjbkq e^kaba lsbo qeb clobpq ql rpbo dolrm* ^ka qebv dlq ^ ofdeq lsbo qeb j^k^dbjbkq ^ka rqfifw^qflk lc qeb
.0/
clobpq, Rebv p^fa qe^q qebv rpba efoba i^_lo ql cbii altk i^odb qobb* _rq qebv rpb `ljjrkfqv jbj_bop ql `^oov lrq lqebo pfisf`riqro^i lmbo^qflk ^ka buqo^`qflk lc clobpq molar`qp, Lbuq* G sfpfqba Qrov^gvlqf `ljjrkfqv clobpq tebob tb ^phba ^_lrq qeb j^k^dbjbkq ^`qfsfqfbp `^oofba lrq _v qebj fk qeb m^pq cbt vb^op, Rebv ^ipl obmloqba ^ijlpq fk qeb p^jb ifkb tfqe qeb mobsflrp
`ljjrkfqv clobpqp, Refp `ljjrkfqv dolrm illhba jlob j^k^dba ^ka tlk cfopq mofwb colj qeb BDM fk qeb mobsflrp vb^o fk clobpq j^k^dbjbkq, J^pq* G sfpfqba ^ j^qrob clobpq* F^oa^t^ Ermqf*
tef`e fp il`^qba fk Q^q_^of^ Tfii^db Bbsbilmjbkq Aljjfqqbb lk 03qe lc K^o`e, G clrka qe^q qeb obsbkrb `liib`qba colj qeb j^qrob clobpq fp efdebo qe^k fk qeb fjj^qrob clobpqp fk tef`e G sfpfqba fk mobsflrp a^vp, Rebv e^sb _bbk rpfkd pljb efoba i^_lo fk qeb pfisf`riqro^i lmbo^qflk ^ipl, Pbsbkrb dbkbo^qba colj pr`e `ljjrkfqv clobpqp t^p rpba clo pl`f^i absbilmjbkq ^`qfsfqfbp pr`e
^p efofkd ^k ^aafqflk^i qb^`ebo fk qeb p`elli* j^hfkd qeb ol^ap* j^hfkd qeb foofd^qflk `^k^ip bq`,
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