1 John Collins and Ross Glover, eds., Collateral Language (New York:
New York University Press, 2002) 4-5.
2 Robin Tolmach Lakoff, The Language War (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002); John Collins and Ross Glover, eds., Collateral Lan-guage (New York: New York University Press, 2002).
3 Sandra Silberstein, War of Words: Language, Politics and 9111 (New York: Routledge, 2002) xii.
4 Phillip T. Neisser, "Targets," Collateral Language, eds. John Collins and Ross Glover (New York: New York University Press, 2002) 142.
5 Collins and Glover, 7.
6 Collins and Glover, 8.
7 WASHINGTON VVEEK, moderator Gwen Ifi11, PBS, 21 Mar. 2003.
Transcript available at<http://www/pbs.orgtwtea/washingtonweekltranscripts /transcript 030321.html >
8 VVASHINGTON WEEK, 21 Mar. 2003.
9 IJVASHINGTON WEEK, 21 Mar. 2003.
10 The News Hour, moderator Jim Lehrer, PBS, 22 Mar. 2003. Tran-script: <http:1/www.pbs.org/newshouribb/medialjan-june 031warcoverage-3-22.html >
11 Larry King Live, CNN, 14 Apr. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/030414Akl.OO.html>
12 News Hour, 22 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.pbs.orglnewshouribb/military/
jam-jun 03/perspective-3-22.html >
13 WASHINGTON WEEK, 28 Mar. 2003. <http:1/wwwlpbs.orglwtea/
washingtonweekltranscripts/transcript 030328.html >
14 George Will, "Watching War on TV," This Weeh with (]leorge Stepha-nopoulos, ABC, 30 Mar. 2003. <http://www.abcnews.go.com/sections/worldl dailynewsAraqlndex.html>
15 News Hour, 22 Mar. 2003.
16 Breaking News, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http:1/
www.cnn.confRANSCRIPTS/0303119/bn.03.html>
17 silberstein, 63ny 18 Silberstein, 62-63.
19 Jayne Rodgers, "Icons and Invisibility: Gender, Myth, and 9/11," in VVar and the Media. Reporting Conflict 24/7, Daya Kishan Thussu and Des.
Freedman, eds. (London: Sage Publications, 2003) 200.
20 Harold Meyerson, "Watching Fox for fact-free news," The Washing-ton Post, reprinted in The Japan Times, 18 Oct. 2003.
21 Jonathan Burston, `"War and the Entertainment Industries: New re-search Priorities in an Era of Cyber-Patriotism," War and the Media: Re-porting Conflict 2417, Daya Kishan Thussu and Des. Freedman, eds.
(Lon-don: Sage Publications, Lon(Lon-don: 2003) 163, 173.
22 Larry King, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0303 /20Akl.OO.html>
23 James Sullivan, "War buzz," The San Francisco Chronicle, April 8, D 8 Col. 1
24 CNN Presents: the Road to Baghdad, CNN, 22 Jun 2003. <http:/1 ww.cnn.comlrRANSCRIPTSI03061221cp.OO.html>
25 CNN Presents: the Road to Baghdad, CNN, 22 Jun 2003. <http:/1 www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTSI0306/221cp.OO.html>
26 Larr y King, 8 Apr. 2003. <http://wwwlcnn/con/TRANSCRIPTSI0304/
08Akl.OO.html>
27 Larry King, 8 Apr. 2003.
28 News Hour, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:11www/pbs.orgtwtealwashingtonweek ltranscriptsitranscript 03032 1.html >
29 JFTrasier, Ep. 183, "Hooping Cranes," NBC, orig, aired 212712002.
30 Breahing News, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://
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31 Newsnight, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 11 Apri1 2003. <http:1/www.
cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/030tYIVasb.Ol.html>
32 Andy Dehnart, "Reality Blurred: reality tN weblogl
<http://www.real-ityblurred.com/realitytvl>
33 "more watched Arnerican Idol 2 and Survivor than early war cover-age," Reality Blurred reality tv weblog by Andy Dehnart. <http:/lwww.real-ityblurred.com/realitytv/archives/2003-03-23-index.shtml>
34 "Popular PC Game Modified to Simulate War in Iraq," ABC 7 KGO TV, San Francisco, 14 Apr. 2003. <http://abclocal.go.comlkgo/news/041403"
nw video war.html>
35 Wayne Freedman, "Media War: Too Much Coverage or Not Enough?"
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36 News Hour, 22 Mar. 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/media/
jan-june 03/warcoverage-3-22.html >
37 International Correspondents. CNNI, 4 Apr. 2003. No transcript
available.
38 "Should Kids Watch Graphic War Coverage?" ABC 7 KGO TV, San Francisco, 25 Mar. 2003. <http:1/abclocal.go.com/kgo/news/032503.nw-iraq-kids war.html>
39 Ref. in "game theory," The New Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th Ed.
(Chicago: 1994), Vol. 5, 105.
40 CNN PRESENTS: The Road to Baghdad, Pt. 2, CNN, 29 June 2003.
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41 Breahing News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003 <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303119/bn.02.html>
42 Road to Baghdad, CNN, 22 June 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0306/22/cp.OO.html>
43 WASHINGTOAr WEEK, PBS, 28 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.pbs.orgl wetalwashingtonweekltranscriptsitranscript 030328.html >
44 The American Herit(rge Dictionaiy, Second College Ed. Boston:
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45 "DoD News Briefing-ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChyrstal," De-fenseLINK, 26 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwww.defenselink.millnews/Mar2003/t 03272003 t0326 asda.html>
46 "DoD News Briefing-ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChyrstal," De-fenseLINK, 22 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.defenselink.mil/news/Mar 2003/t 03222003-t 0322 osdpa.html >
47 Breaking News, CNN, 19 Mar 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/19/bn.03.html>
48 Lar,y King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0303 /21Akl.OO.html>
49 WASHINGTON WEEK, pBS, 21 Mar. 2o03. <http://www/pbs•org/
wtea/washingtonweek/transcriptsttranscript 030321.html >
50 Road to Baghdad. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0306/221
cp.OO.html >
51 Insight, host Jonathan Mann, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://www•cnn•
comlTRANSCRIIYrS/0303/19A-ins.OO.html)>
52 WASHINGTON WEEK, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www/pbs•org/wtea/
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53 News Hour, 22 Mar. 2003. <http://www.pbs.orglnewshouribblmilitary1 jan-jun 03/perspective-3-22.html>
54 WASHINGTON WEEK, 28 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.pbs.org/wetal
washingtonweek/transcriptsitranscript 030328.html >
55 WASHINGTON WEEK, 4 Apr. 2003. <http:11www.pbs.orglwetalwash-ingtonweek/transcriptsttranscript 030404.html >
56 Lariy King, 14 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0304 /14/1kl.OO.html>
57 Larry King, 8 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.cornlTRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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58 Michael Franett, "Chess," Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia (2003). < http:1/encarta.msn.com/encnetirefpageslRefArtTextOnly.aspx?refid ==
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59 Breaking News, CNN, 20 March 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/03031201bn.02.html>
60 wASHINGTON WEEK, 4 Apr. 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/weta/wash-ingtonweek/transcriptsitranscript 030404.html >
61 Live at Daybreah, CNN, 21 mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/21Aad.10.html>
62 VVASHINGTON WEEK, 4 Apr. 2003. <http:1/ww.pbs.orgiweta/wash-ingtonweek/transcriptshranscript 030404.html >
63 Larr y King, 8 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0304/
08tlkl.OO.html>
64 Larry King, 10 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.cornlTRANSCRIPTSI0304 /10Akl.OO.html>
65 Newsnight, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 9 Apri1 2003.
66 Breahing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003.
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67 Larr y King, 10 Apr. 2003. <http:1/www.cnn.comll]RANSCRIPTS/0304 /10Akl.OO.html>
68 "ASD PA CIarke Meeting with Bureau Chiefs," DefenseLINK, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://www.defenselink.millnews/Mar 2003/t 022003-t 0319 confcallburchf.html >
69 "DoD News Briefing-ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChyrstal," De-fenseLINK, 22 Mar. 2003. <http://www.defenselink.millnews/Mar 2003/t 03222003-t 0322 osdpa.html >
70 Newsnight, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 9 Apri1 2003.
71 Breaking News, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://
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72 Live at Daybreak, CNN, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/21Aad.Ol.html>
73 The American Heritage Dictionarry of the English Language, Fourth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.
74 Newsnight, CNN, 9 April
75 WLasHINGTON VVEEK, 11 April 2003. <http:/lpbs.orglweta/washing-tonweek/transcriptsltranscript 03041 1 .html >
76 WASHINGTON WEEK 18 April 2003. <http:/lpbs.org/weta/washing-tonweekltranscripts/transcript030418.html
77 Lar, y King, 9 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/
09Akl.OO.html>
78 Larry King, 9 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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79 "cakewalk," The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Lan-guage, Fourth Ed.
80 Larry King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.cnn.comll]RANSCRIPTS/0303 12 1Aad.04.html >
81 Live at Daybreak, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/21Aad.Ol.html>
82 Live at Daybreak, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:/1www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/21Aad.06.html>
83 Road to Baghdad. <http:11www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0306/22/
cp.OO html >
84 WASHINGTON WEEK, 11 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww.pbs.org/weta/
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85 "secretary Rumsfeld Interview with Tim Russert, NBC Meet the Press," DefenseLJNK, 23 Mar. 2003. <http://www.defenselink.mil/newslMar 20031t 03232003 t 0323 nbc.html >
86 IVews Hour, 22 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.pbs.orglnewshouribb/military/
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87 vvASHINGTON WEEK, 4 Apri1 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/weta/
washingtonweek/transcriptshranscript 030404.html >
88 Brealeing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.CNN.com/TRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/20/bn.03.html>
89 Lar, y King, 9 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/03041 09Akl.OO.html>
90 Road to Baghdad, Pt. 2, 29 June 2003. <http:11www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0306/29/cp.OO.html>
91 Richard Engel, "Reporter's Notebook: Emotional Day in Baghdad,"
ABC, 9 Apr. 2003. <http://www.abclocal.go.comfkgo/news/040903-nw-iraq engel-notebook.html>
92 "chips," American Heritage Dictionai y, 2nd College Edition•
93 Larry King, 9 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.corn/'TRANSCRIPTSI0304/
09Akl.OO.html>
94 WLASHINGTON WEEK, 11 Apri1 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/wetal washingtonweek/transcripts/transcript030411.html>
95 Newsnight, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 11 April 2003. <http:/lwww.
cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0304tlVasb.Ol.html>
96 "DoD News Briefing - Secretary Rumsfeld and Gen. Myers," De-fenseLIArK, 11 Apr. 2003. <http:11www.defenselink.mil/transcripts120031tr 20030411-secdefO090.html>
97 "Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with NBC Meet the Press," De-fenseLINK, 13 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/tr 20030413-secdefOI03.html>
98 "DoD News Briefing - ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,"
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99 Breaking News, anchor Aaron Brown, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://
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100 LarTy King, 1 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.cornlTRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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101 "rah," American Heritage Dictionar y, 2"d College Ed.
102 wASHINGTON WEEK, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://wwwlpbs.org/wteal washingtonweek/transcriptsitranscript030321.html>
103 Breaking News, CN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http:1/www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/20/bn.03.html>
104 WASHINGTON WEEK, 11 Apr, 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/weta/
washingtonweekltranscriptsitranscript 030411.html >
105 Larry King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/
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106 Road to Baghdod, Pt. 2. <http:llwww.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTSf0306/
29/cp.OOhtml>
107 Road to Bqghdad, Pt. 2. <http:/lwww.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/0306/
29/cp.OO.html>
108 WASHINGTON VVEEK, 11 Apr. 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/wetal washingtonweek/transcriptsltranscript030411.html>
109 "juke," Merriam VVebster Online Dictionary. <http://www•m-w•com/
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110 Breaking News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/19Abn.03.html>
111 Larry King. 21 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.crm.com/TRANSCRIPTSI
0303/2 111kl.OO.html >
112 Larry King, 9 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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113 Lar,y King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:f/www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/
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114 "DoD News Briefing - ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,"
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115 Breaking News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTSI0303120/bn.06.html>
116 Larry King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/
030312 111kl.OO.html >
117 Breahing News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/19Abn.03.html>
118 Larry King, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.comfTRANSCRIPTS/
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119 Breahing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.com/TRAN-scRIprsfo3o3/2o/bn.o3.html>
120 Brealeing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/20/bn.02.html>
121 Live at Daybreak, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/21Aad.04.html>
122 Live at Daybreak, 21 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0306121Aad.Ol.html>
123 Breahing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/20ibn.02.html>
124 Breahing News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/19ibn.03.html>
125 Alan Sipress, "Military P.R. Force Wages Battle to Stay on Mes-sage", The Washington Post, 29 March 2003. <http:11www.washingtonpost.
com/wp-dyn/articlestA 44666-203 Mar 28.html >
126 "DoD News Briefing - ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,"
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127 Newsnight, 11 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/03041 IVnn.OO.html>
128 LarT:y King, 1 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/03041 Olllkl.OO.html>
129 WASHINGTON WEEK, 4 Apr. 2003. <http://www.pbs.orgtweta/wash-ingtonweek/transcriptsitranscript 03044.html >
130 "scenario" , The Anterican Heritage Dictionary, 2nd College Ed.
131 Pres. Bush's speech quoted on Breahing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003.
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132 Breaking News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/20/bn.03.html>
133 Breaking News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.comlTRAN-SCRIPTSI0303120/bn.04.html>
134 WASHINGTON WEEK, 21 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwwwlpbs.orglwteaf washingtonweekltranscriptshranscript 030321.html >
135 Newsnight, 9 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww/cnn.comlTRANCRIPTS/0304/09 /nn.OO.html >
136 Lar, y King, 1 Apr. 2003. <http:/lwww/cnn.comlTRANCRIPTSI0304/
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137 Breaking News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003 <http://www/cnn/com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/19fbn.03.html>
138 Breahing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/20/bn.03.html>
139 Breahing News, CNN, 19 Mar. 2003. <http:/lwww.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTSI0303/19/bn.03.html>
140 Live at Daybreale, CNN, 26 Mar. 2003. <http:/1wwlcnnlcomlTRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/26Aad.04.html>
141 Larry King, 22 Mar. 2003. <http://ww.cnn.comlTRANSCRIPTS/
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142 Lariy King, 4 Apr. 2003. <http:11www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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143 "DoD News Briefing - ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,"
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144 Breaking News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.eom/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/20/bn.03.html>
145 Larry King, 1 Apr. 2003. <http:11ww.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0304/
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146 "Secretary Rumsfeld Interview with Tim Russert, NBC Meet the Press," DefenseLINK, 23 Mar. 2003. <http:11ww.defenselink.millnews/Mar 20031t 03232003 t 0323 nbc.html >
147 Brealeing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303120/bn.03.html>
148 Lar, y King, 1 Apr. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/03041 OIAkl.oo.html>
149 "DoD News Briefing - ASD PA CIarke and Maj. Gen. McChrystal,"
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150 Wag the Dog. Screenplay by Hillary Henkin and David Mamet, perf.
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151 Brealeing News, CNN, 20 Mar. 2003. <http://www.cnn.com/TRAN-SCRIPTS/0303/201bn.02.html>
152 "bandwagon," The Arnerican Heritage Dictionary, 2nd College Ed.
153 wASHINGTON VVEEK, 21 March 2003. <http://www.pbs.org/wtea/
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