第五章 では、カルシウムの樹体内での1日の動きを検討した。まず既往の文献による日変化 の実験例をとりあげて解説し、第二節でこれの追試をおこをった。第三節では、Fraction 別
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9… Berry,Jlr W・:Gas chromatography of carbohydrateS Advancein chrOmatOgra−
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31 254−255 1956
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18.
窒素の供給量および形態の差異がカルシウムの棄位別分布におよぼす影響 日土肥 30189−1921959
19.Eckerson,S.H.,:Protein synthesis by plantlNitrate reduction Bot.Gaz.77 377蠣390 1924
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Proc.Amer・.Soc.Hort.Sci.60 55−64 1923
21.Fahrny,].,and Nasrallah,S.,:Changesin macronutrient element of SourIiOliv−
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22.Ferrel,W.K.,andJohnson,F.D.,:Science124 364−3651966 Fr・Om Ann.Rev.
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28.Hibbard,R.P叶,and Grigshy,B.H.,:Relation oflight,pOtaSSOimand calcium de−
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29.Hylmo,B.,:Transpiration andion absorption.Physiologia Plantarim 6 334−
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30・碍本武、岡本守:作物のマグネシウム栄養に関する研究Ⅰ、マグネシウム欠乏大豆におけ るカルシウムの含有量 日土肥 24 231−2341953 31.橋本武:
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:水稲における化学的組成の品種間差異 Ⅰ 集および梓における形態別カルシ
ウム、マグネシウム、カリの品種間差異
日土肥 28 9−12−1957
32.
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35 岩坪五郎、堤利夫:森林内外の降水中の養分量について(第2報)
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36.伊藤信、藤原彰夫:水稲のカルシウム栄養について特に培地カルシウム濃度と体内カルシ ウムの変動について
日土肥 38126−1301967
37.___、__.仙_,:水稲地上部での紳肥内カルシウムの分布について
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41ル Kostytschew,S.,and Berg.Vい,:Die Foem der・Kalziumverbindungeninlebend−
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42一.萬酉キ三郎、奥田 東:高等植物に吸収された無機栄養素の行動 5 をたねとごまに吸 収されたカルシウムの両分布 日工肥 2719−221956
6 水稲の生育期に吸収された燐とカルシウムと硫
43..
黄のゆくえ 口土肥 27 301−3041956 44.北尾邦伸::稚樹における無概養分移動に関する研究
京都大学農や部林学教室、卒業論文 7401964 45〃 倉沢文夫、伊賀上郁夫:糸状菌の糖類脱水素酵素に関する研究
農化雑 30 556−5601956
46.桑田 智:続グロマトグラフイ・− Ⅰ 廣川薔店 1955
47.近藤室二、簡11J夫、山口務:Acetobacter melanogenurnによるグルコースの酸化代謝Ⅰ 2..5−ジケトグルコン酸の生成 恩化雉 30 419叫4221956
48小
代謝生産琴勿の消長 農化雉 30 423−4261956
49..小西茂毅、:葛西善三郎、:タバコ菓の老化枯死にともをうカルシウムの行動 r]二L肥 31
317−320 1960
, タバコ薬のAging にともをうカルシウムの代謝(その1)
50小
生育期にロ及収された45Ca の形態変化 日土肥 34 67−701963
(その2)
51.
生育初期および開花期に吸収された45Ca の生育にともをう形態変化 日土肥
34 71岬74 1963
52.植物栄養学実検編集委員会編:植物栄養学実験習 朝倉#店 1959
53..Lange,A.H.,:Effect of environment on the uptalくe−tranSpOrt Of calcium and
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Flora 542−5881957/58
55..Lederer・,E.,and Leder・er,M..,:Chromatography 1957
56。Lehmann,K小,and Garz.]..,:Zur Calciumern註hrung einiger Kulturpflanzen。Z,.P−
flanzenernahr\BodenK..104B l−111964
57u Lingle,J.C.,and Davis,軋M.,:Theinfluences soiltemper・ature and phosphor−
us fertilization on the growth andmineralabsorption of tomato seedlin−
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58。Mason,T.G。,and Maske11,E.J..,:Further studyes on cransport of phosphorus,
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59..Mason,T.G..,and Msken,E。J.,Phillis,E.,:Further studies on transportinthe
cotton plantIIIConcerning theindependence of soluble movementin t−
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6O… Mason,A..C。,and Whitfield,A..B ,:]..Hort.Sci.35 34M551960from Ann.Revu Plant Physiolル131962
61.Maynard.DN…,anb Gentile,A.C.,:The distributidn of calciumin cell?0壬 the roots of carrotル Physiol.Plantar・um16 40−431963
62..Meclく1enburg,R.A。,and Tukey,H.B..,:Influence of foliar・leaching on root upta−
ke and translocation of calcium45to the stem and foliage phaseolus vug−
aris.Plant Physiol小 39 533−5361964
63.McClung,A.C.,and Lott,W.L..,ニニMineralnutrient composiotion of peachleaves as affected byleaf age and positoon and the pr・eSenCe Of a fruit crop.
Proc.Amer。Soc.Hort。Sci.67 113−120 1956
64.Nightingale,G。T。,Addoms,R、M.,and Robbing,W.R.,:Effect of calcium defici−
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6 605−6311931
65.中塚友一・郎:樹木及び樹苗の生理化学的研究(第1報)
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(第2報)
常緑広英樹の無機成分及び窒素屋の季節変化
(第3報)
針葉樹の鯉機成分及び窒素量の季節変化
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75..Stocking,C.R.,and Ongren,A.,:Theintracellular distribution of some metallic elements in1eaves.Amer.J.BOt.49 284q289 1962
76.Stumpf,P.K…,:Glycolytic enzymesin higher plants Ann.Rev..Plant Physiol.3 17−34 1952
77.坂村 徹:植物生理学 Ⅰ 裳撃房 78.佐竹−L夫:クロマトグラフィー 共立全書 79.柴田和治:ペーパ、・・−一一クロマト法の実際 共立出版 80.柴田信男:林木稚苗の栄養生理に関する研究 Ⅶ
1958 1955 1962
スギ、ヒノキ、アカマツおよびクロマ
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81.芝本武夫、中沢春治:アカマツ稚苗の生長にともをう無機養分の吸収について 目林誌 40 383−3901958
82・正垣幸琴、岩坪五郎、堤利夫:森林内外の降水中に含まれる養分畳についてⅢ・
菓からの養分溶脱についての実験 日林大会講演集 76110一−・1121965
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下位薬と上位葉の生理樺能の比較 日土肥 27 257−2641956
88ル 2
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各莫位の柴の窒素代謝と生理機能との関係 日土肥 26 413−4181956
弧田中 明
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92.辰己修三:主要広英樹の栄養生理に関する研究 柴分析に基く無機養分の季節変化
について 日林大会講演集 72
1962
樹体内の要素代謝に及ぼす環境要因の影響について、 無機養分の目安化 日林大会講演集
林木のカルシウム代謝に関する研究
74
1963Ⅰ ポプラ挿木苗に.おけるカルシウ 詰
ポプラ挿木苗のカルシウム上昇に及ばす温 誌
ポプラ挿木苗におけるカルシウムの形態別 誌
1965
遮光処理をおここをった場合のポプラ挿木苗 日林読 47 1965 温度変化がポプラ挿木苗中のカルシウムの
日林誌 47
1965
ポプラ某部中に含まれる水可溶態カルシウ日林誌 48 237−−2441966 水可溶性区分に含まれる形態別カルシウム 日林誌 投稿中
水可■溶性区分に含まれる形態別カルシウム 日林誌 投稿中
ムの吸収と移動について 日林
度の影響について 日林
の日変化 日林
におけるカルシウムの形態変化について 分化形態に及ぼす影響について ムのペーパークロマトグラフについて の分離について
の消長経過について
Ⅸ 薬位別の形態別カルシウムの分布について 日林誌 投稿中
103.讃 健栄、栗原 淳、熊沢喜久雄、三井進平:光合成産物の動態と養分峻収 明暗
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104… 芦刈養次他編:作物生理学講座 2 朝倉書店 1966
105。Vickery, .,:The effect of temperature on the behavior・Of malic acid anb starchinleaves of Broyphyllum calcycinum culturedin darkness..
Plant PhYSiol.29 385−−3931954
106.Went,F。W.,::The effect ot temperature On Plant gr・OWth Ann.Rev.plant t)11YSiol.4 347−3921953
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109..尾崎 清::植物の栄養と診断 高陽書院 1962
Fundamental Studies of the Chemical Forms of Calcium and their Metabolisms in the T r e e Leaves
Summary
T h e calcium metabolism in the leaves has been studied by many w o r k e r s However, many unresolved questions in their studies w e r e still remained. Whether calcium is immobile with little distribution or mobile with a l i t t l e redistribution from t i s s u e s , in which it h a s been utilized, still does not resolve up to date.
T h e chemical forms of calcium salts in the t r e e leaves and their plant -physiological metabolisms w e r e discussed in this paper. T h e obtained r e s u l t s a r e summarized a s follows.
1. T h e absorbed calcium45 w a s s e p a r a t e d into five f r a c t i o n s by the following methods.
Ground tissue ( f r e s h m a t t e r s )
1
E x t r a c t e d with w a t e r for 2 hours, c e n t r i f u g e d , r e e x t r a c t e d with w a t e r four timesResidue E x t r a c t : F r a c t i o n I
E x t r a c t e d with 1 N NaCl for 1 hour, (A p a r t of ionic mineral centrifuged, r e e x t r a c t e d with 1 N NaCl compounds in cellular
t h r e e times solution and organic
s a l t s except calcium
I - 7 oxalate)
Residue E x t r a c t : F r a c t i o n
fl
E x t r a c t e d with 2 % CH 3COOH for 1 (Calcium pectinate, hour, centrifuged, r e e x t r a c t e d with 2% and calcium protein
CH3 COOH t h r e e times
-.--
I complexes)Residue E x t r a c t : F r a c t i o n
E x t r a c t e d with 5
%
HCl for 1 hour, (Calcium phosphate) centrifuged, r e e x t r a c t e d with 5%
HCl---.
1E x t r a c t : F r a c t i o n
(Calcium silicate) (Calcium oxalate)
2. Calcium compounds being soluble both in water and 1 N NaCl w e r e s e p a r a t e d d y using of the column and paper partition chromatograph. T h e water soluble p a r t s
(fraction I ) w e r e f u r t h e r m o r e clearly s e p a r a t e d into four p a r t s , which w e r e d e t e c t e d a s the high molecular materials (albumines), organic acid
I,
organic acidII
compounds and f r e e calcium ion, by using of the gel filtrating method (gel s u b - stance : Sephadex G- 10, column : 1.5 x 90cm. Pharmacia K K in Sweden). T h e s e compounds w e r e identified a s follows : the high molecular materials ; alubumines, the organic acid
1
; calcium c i t r a t e and gluconate, the organic acidII
; calcium malate, fumar a t e and succinate.3. Generally, the t o t a l calcium 45 (fraction
1
- f r a c t i o nV
) w a s concentrated around the middle leaves, their petioles, and bark which have the largest accumulatedcalcium. T h e organic acid
n
was distinctively i n c r e a s e d in the p a r t s of the middle leaves and the higher4. F r a c t i o n
1
was increased in the old t i s s u e s of lower leaves and in the new tissues o f t h e petioles o f upper leaves and bark. A large amount of fractionm
andN
w e r e d e t e c t e d in the new t i s s u e s o f upper leaves and t h e old t i s s u e s of the bark.
F r o m a result in upper leaves t h a t a l a r g e r amount of fraction
II
was detected in the woody plants r a t h e r than the herbaceous plants, it was supposed t h a t t h e quantitative difference might be based on one o f the physiological c h a r a c t e r i s t i c sof the woody plants in this f r a c t i o n . In the petioles, t h e large amount of the f r a c t i o n
11
accompanied with a small fraction of and w a s detected.5. A larger amount of the organic acid fraction w a s d e t e c t e d in the leaves r a t h e r than the other organs. T h e amount o f organic a c i d i
1
w a s rich in the old t i s s u e s ,while the organic a c ~ d w a s rich in the new t i s s u e s . T h e high molecular materials was accumulated in the new t i s s u e s , and the f r e e calcium ion w a s i n the old tissues.
6. T h e calclum-albumine complex in fraction
II
w a s d e t e c t e d mainly in the new t i s s u e s of the t r e e In the leaves, fractionU
w a s a few p e r c e n t s of the t o t a l calcium45, while it w a s about 20% in the petioles.7. F r o m the experiment o f the mobility of the absorbed calc1um45 in the leaves, t h e following r e s u l t s w e r e obtined.
F r a c t i o n
I
: The organic acidn
was accumulated in the upper p a r t of t r e e (from the highest accumulated calcium leaves in mlddle leaves to the upper leaves),while the f r e e calcium ion was accumulated in the lower leaves and the top leaves In the leaves, the calcium s a l t s of organic acid w e r e turned over t o the f r e e calcium ion with the advance of the t r e e g r o w t h s t a g e . In the petioles and
bark, a large amount of the organic acid fraction w a s abundantly d e t e c t e d in t h e w a t e r soluble f r a c t i o n (f ractlon
I ) .
Especially, in the petioles, this organic acid fraction was d i s t r i b u t e d with the same p a t t e r n a s t h a t in the leavesF r a c t i o n
III
andIV:
In the upper leaves, the absorbed calcium45 was actively turned over both to f r a c t i o n and fo wlth the advance of the growth stage.T h e s e fractions w e r e Increased near constant value in mature stage.
8 T h e diurnal variations of fractionated calcium
I .
In the leaves, total calcium was increased in the midnight and d e c r e a s e d i n the daytime In the f r a c t i o n a t e d calcium, f r a c t l o n1
was d e c r e a s e d in t h e midnight, contrarily fraction was Increased. F r a c t i o nm
andIV
w e r e not a f f e c t e d by the diurnal variations.fl.
Ln the barks, total calcium was d e c r e a s e d in the midnight and increased in the daytime. In the f r a c t i o n a t e d calcium, f r a c t i o n1
w a s increased in themidnight, contrarily fraction