Evolutions of Houses (a) House materials

第 16 巻 —— 133

forest for fuel (fine wood).

The practically dominated area by the site is supposed much larger than the site’s mound itself, as invisible border. The distance between the two neighboring sites were determined, considering the above-mentioned factors and natural environment. s

(d) Long life sites where people lived long years

Table V-7d illustrates the long life sites where people lived without discontinuity.

Now it is clear that people lived at some sites for some hundred years ~ one thousand or more long years and the Halaf sites are comparatively short lived.

4.1.7 Evolutions of Houses

Morphological, Anatomical and Statistical Analyses on The Four Ancient Mesopotamian Law Codes Including The Hammurabi Law Code:

134 —— Part V Analysis on the fundamental data base of prehistoric Mesopotamian sites

9,000 ~ 4,900BC.

(b) Houses

Table V-9a~Table 9c show a brief history of the houses built in the Mesopotamia during around 9,000~4,900BC.

第 16 巻 —— 135

38

Table V-8a Evolution of Materials 1 Period Site Materials Wall Floor Roof Others 1. 8,920BCZawi ChemShanidar stone slub entrance 2. 8,000BCQarmez Dere 3.8000 to 6,550BCNemriktauf block sub. sleeping platform (covered with play plaster) 4.about 8,500BCAbu Hureyra 5.8,500-8,200BCMureybet ⅠA-B 6. 8,200-7,500BCMureybet phase Ⅱ clay 7. 8,000-7,500BCMureybet phase Ⅲ 8. 7,300-6,700BCҪayönü level Ⅱ level Ⅲ level Ⅵ level V long curving wall wooden and plaster grill stroge of grain high stone walls terrazzo floor mud brick upper walls air space under floor 9. 6,750-6,500BC Jarmo

Morphological, Anatomical and Statistical Analyses on The Four Ancient Mesopotamian Law Codes Including The Hammurabi Law Code:

136 —— Part V Analysis on the fundamental data base of prehistoric Mesopotamian sites

39

Table V-8b Evolution of Materials 2 Period Site Materials Wall Floor Roof Others 10. Early NeolithicZawi ChemShanidar gypsum plaster stone slabs bitumen with tower entrance reed mat gypsum plaster 11. 6,400-5,900BCBouqras timber 12. Early NeolithicRihanⅢ 13. later half of eighthGanj Dareh millennium 14. by6,500BCAli Kosh later floor over reed mat 15.proto-HassunaUmm Dabaghiyahcommon painted wall access through roof heating system levelⅢplaster 16. from 6,000BC 17.Early HassunaKill tepe level 1 18. 5,90BC Hassuna20-50cm thick wet tauf block 19.5,350 to 8,080BCShimshara mud bricks (levels 13-9)rather than tauf levels 14-15, stones

第 16 巻 —— 137

Morphological, Anatomical and Statistical Analyses on The Four Ancient Mesopotamian Law Codes Including The Hammurabi Law Code:

138 —— Part V Analysis on the fundamental data base of prehistoric Mesopotamian sites

41

Table V-9a Evolution of houses 1 Period Site House (size, room, shape, functions) 1. 8,920BCZawi ChemShanidar circular 2 2. 8,000BCQarmez Dere▪semi-substérannean sub-circular house 20-24m ▪permanebt settlement over a period of centuries in a village format 3.8000 to 6,550BCNemrik▪>5m diameter ▪tauf blocks covered with oval 4.about 8,500BCAbu Hureyra▪ 1-8m diameter sun dried cigar shaped bricks ▪semi-permanent structurer Mureybet ⅠA-B▪round semi-stérannean huts of clay with exterior wooden support 5.8,500-8,200BC 6. 8,200-7,500BCMureybet phase Ⅱ▪round house 7. 8,000-7,500BCMureybet phase Ⅲ▪rectangular building 8. 7,300-6,700BCҪayönü level Ⅱ level Ⅲ level Ⅵ level V

▪solid stone foundation ▪5 by 12mair circular system under the floor ▪cell plan stone foundation ▪rectangular structure , 5 by 8m, 2-9 cell-like rooms(for storage) 9. 6,750-6,500BC Jarmo ▪tauf (pressed lumps of clay or mud) ▪60m2 ▪rectilinear, ▪several rooms

第 16 巻 —— 139

42

Table V-9b Evolution of houses 2 Period Site House (size, room, shape, functions) 10. Early NeolithicZawi ChemShanidar ▪a line of houses constructed along the river bank surrounded by a defensive wall ▪small rectilinear houses 2 ▪longer multi-rooms (8-10rooms)houses, up to100m 2 ▪area of some 1500m 211. 6,400-5,900BCBouqras▪house 12 ; 132m in area 12. Early NeolithicRihanⅢ▪round, oval or sub-rectangular ▪3-4 diameter 13. later half of eighthGanj Dareh ▪fully fledged village millennium 14. by6,500BCAli Kosh▪rough brick Umm Dabaghiyah15.proto-Hassuna levelⅡ levelⅢ

levelⅡ:store blocks and domestic houses levelⅢ: ▪a central corridor between two rows of rooms: over 100 rooms ▪no doors into individual rooms ▪domestic houses; small, 4-5 small rooms 16. from 6,000BClevel 1; semi-subterranean dwellings. Rectangular-one-roomed houses level 2; <4-5 houses 17.Early HassunaKill tepe level 1▪a single rectangular dwelling house (14m2 ) 18. 5,90BC Hassuna▪ levelⅠb, a single room ; levelⅠc, multi-roomed rectilinear ▪buildings, levelⅢ-Vf, more regular and planned attitude; levelⅢ, a large multi-roomed house centered on an open courtyard

Morphological, Anatomical and Statistical Analyses on The Four Ancient Mesopotamian Law Codes Including The Hammurabi Law Code:

140 —— Part V Analysis on the fundamental data base of prehistoric Mesopotamian sites

43

Table V-9c Evolution of houses 3 Period Site House (size, room, shape, functions) 19.5,350 to 8,080BCShimshara (levels 13-9) 20. 5,506 BC (Level 1) 5,119-5,030BC (levelⅢ)

Tell es-Sawwan▪a large scale settlement of rectangular buildings ▪a complex of religious buildings or shrines with associated infant necropolis ▪Each structure consists of eleven or twelve rooms 21.Sammara Baghouz▪rectilinear multi-roomed buildings 22. late Samarra Songor A▪fifteen or eighteen rooms in five or six rows of three (buildings) 23. 4,896BC Choga Mami ▪The house has twelve rooms in the three rows of four ; one with nine rooms in three rows by three ; the others with eight rooms in two rows of four

Samarra

第 16 巻 —— 141

Bouqras

Morphological, Anatomical and Statistical Analyses on The Four Ancient Mesopotamian Law Codes Including The Hammurabi Law Code:

142 —— Part V Analysis on the fundamental data base of prehistoric Mesopotamian sites