We discussed practical and effective network quality control mechanism con-sidering the relationship among network-level QoS, application-level QoS, and QoE. The discussion covers QoS/QoE measurement, transmission con-trol based on the QoS/QoE on each network segment, effects of environmental factors on QoE, QoS effects on user behavior, and smart phone identification technique for comprehensive network quality control and management.
In chapter 2, We presented a novel per-segment based full passive mea-surement of QoS and effective transmission control based on it. The proposed scheme is an extension of RTCP and can coexist with traditional RTCP. We also presented the detailed calculation method of QoS and QoE parameters.
Over the hybrid network combining the varied wireless infrastructures, the adequate transmission method depends on the cause of the QoS deteriora-tion. The proposed transmission control technique choose the most adequate transmission method, which promotes efficient use of resources and improves QoS/QoE. The experiments with a prototype sysytem show the efficacy of the proposal.
Chapter 3 has investigated, through practical experiments on a prototype system, the relationships between the performance of the header compres-sion scheme and speech quality for VoIP service. As the header comprescompres-sion scheme, we focused on the ROHC (RObust Header Compression) scheme and evaluated performance considering objective speech quality, the R-Value.
The ROHC is a promising scheme that performs well over links with high error rates and long roundtrip times. Several descriptions of ROHC parame-ters for controlling header compression modes have been expounded mainly from the viewpoint of the efficiency of the bandwidth used for the voice stream. However, the effectiveness of the technique considering perceptual speech quality over asymmetric wireless links has not been thoroughly evalu-ated quantitatively, and optimization of the ROHC control parameter values
needs further study. The analyses using our SQC (Speech Quality Checker), based on our specific technology have revealed that the ROHC U-mode is advantageous for maintaining speech quality over asymmetric wireless links like 1x EV-DO. Furthermore, detailed investigations have suggested that the parameters, especially the IR interval and SWW, are very sensitive for im-provement in perceptual speech quality without causing severe degradation of the efficiency of bandwidth usage.
In chapter 4, we showed findings on the QoS effects on the QoE for major services. The experimental results indicate that conventional Web services are almost free from packet loss because the rare packet loss has little effect on TCP throughput. On another front, the delay may affect the QoE on real-time online games, especially fighting games and FPS games. Network operators should consider these trends on the relationship between the QoS and the QoE when planning highly satisfiable networks.
We presented an assessment of the network performance effect on HTTP/TCP for Web QoE through practical experiments using a newly proposed Web QoE assessment framework. The experimental result revealed three facts.
The first is that test environments and scenarios greatly affect Web QoE and tests that adopt an approach of practical free use are required for accurate Web QoE assessment. Second, suggested RST ratio and active time ratio have a strong correlation with Web QoE, especially in practical use. These parameters include not only network condition factors but also user behav-ior which can affect Web QoE. Finally, we have also proved that the traffic volume each user requires influences Web QoE. We found that users who require low traffic volumes tend to be unconcerned about user throughput.
We believe that the result that limited throughput depresses user satisfaction to a small extent when users require limited traffic volume is applicable to improving the design of backbone network.
We also proposed a practical technique for analyzing user behavior in video sharing services; it is based on the traffic analysis approach and so is suitable for scaled and quantitative surveys. During the process of analyzing video traffic, we found major patterns in user behavior. The most significant finding is that video application users can be divided into keyword search users and initial screen users by their first action in the video applications.
We also investigated the difference in quality sensitivity between keyword search users and initial screen users. The analysis results clearly show that the patience of video application users depends on whether they have a spe-cific purpose. The classification of keyword search users and initial screen users can help network operators to improve their network quality efficiently.
Chapter 5 proposed a new method for passive smart phone identification and tracking with application set fingerprints. The thesis suggests that
net-work operators have a potential to identify current smart phone users for the purpose of smart network management. The primary contribution of the thesis is the application set fingerprint which utilizes not only the foreground data but also the background data originating from mobile applications. An application set fingerprint is a simple set of User-Agent request-header fields in HTTP sessions. Most current applications for smart phones use HTTP protocol on the back end. Then, service providers are able to collect User-Agent request-header fields by DPI technique. The application set fingerprint has three advantages: it can be generated only from traffic data passively col-lected, it has potential user trackability, and it can track each user considering privacy. The experiment results show that the application set fingerprint is practically effective, which means that smart phone users can be tracked by network operators.
As described previously, the thesis proposed a transmission control tech-nique to improve QoS/QoE, network management method considering QoS effects on QoE, and user behavior comprehensively. The achievement of the study affects the basis of network operation and contribute to the QoS/QoE improvement on various applications and services.
In full gratitude I would like to acknowledge the following individuals who encouraged, inspired, supported, assisted, and sacrificed themselves to help my pursuit.
I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my super-visor Prof. Shigeki Goto, for his excellent guidance, ideas, caring, patience, and providing me with an excellent atmosphere for doing research. I would like to thank Prof. Jiro Katto and Prof. Tatsuya Mori for letting my defense be an enjoyable moment, and for your brilliant comments and suggestions.
I would also like to thank Prof. Katsuyuki Yamazaki, Prof. Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Prof. Toru Hasegawa. Their support and personal cheering are greatly appreciated.
I would like to acknowledge the financial and technical support of KDDI R&D Laboratories, Inc. and its staff. I would like to express special thanks to my colleagues at KDDI R&D Laboratories, Inc. and members of Shigeki Goto Laboratory for their kind assistance and warm encouragement. I am particularly grateful to Dr. Shinichi Nomoto, Dr. Shigehiro Ano, Dr. Hajime Nakamura, Dr. Hideaki Yamada and Dr. Satoshi Uemura. I would also like to thank members of the Communications Network Planning Laboratory, Sumaru Niida, Takeshi Kitahara, Hideyuki Koto, Yasuhiko Hiehata, and Takeshi Kyuzo for their input, valuable discussions and accessibility.
Finally, I would like to express my special thanks to my wife Yuka for supporting and understanding. She was always there cheering me up and stood by me.
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