in comparison to the states mentioned above, an intra-national need for English obviously does not arise. Of the 28 daily newspapers published in 1978 in Dacca and major privincial centres, 22 were in Bengali and 6 in English. English is used as well as Urdu, Arabic and, of course, Bengali in radio and television broadcasts.
159 after the fall of the Roman Empire. However, such fears are unfounded and fail to take the following norm-maintaining factors into account:
(l)prescriptive works such as the dictionary and grammar book support the international standard variety and will continue to foster and guarantee conformity to it as long as their authority is accepted
(2)English as a world language is essentially a tool of highly literate users whose norm consciousness is developed and strengthened through formal L2 instruction
(3)variation in English is generally restricted to the oral channel on the level of pronunciation and grammatical differences are much less significant than lexical ones, which are typically limited to local cultural contexts.
The most important challenge, however, of the inevitable demographic outnumbering of English native-speakers by bilingual/multilingual English users will have less to do with the legitimacy of language change but more with attitudes and conceptions of the status and role of the native-speaker.
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