(1) (2)
Figure 3.8:(1)The case ofμo<0,〃=0,6μo,o<0.(2)The case ofμo>
0,〃=0,6μo,o>0. Each pair of the shaded regionS represents、4.
1κΣ(μo,〃)(テL,ω)1>κo/2fbr any pointテ∈ノ1μo,μsuf五ciently near T and any unit vectorω∈㍗(Aμo, )suf丘ciently near o. As in the proof of Assertion 3.15,fbr any integer m suf五ciently greater than lmo, there exists〃m with O<〃m<ρand such that Imμm⊂「日ア5(pμo,〃m)and/1〃m⊂『レレ吻(ρμo,μm)have a quadratic tangencyτm, see Fig.3.9. 口
3.3.2 Generic unfblding of the tangency
For short, set pμ。,〃=p〃,ん。,〃(∬, y)=ん@, t1)and(μμ。,〃,uμ。,〃)=(μ〃,u〃).
Letηη=(輪9m,んm(輪,9m))be the homoclinic tangency ofルγμ(ρ m)
and W5(p m)given in Proposition 3.14. Fごom(3.10), we have
∂∫シm
(靱)ニCm@一μ m)+∂m(y−U。m)+・・,
∂y
∂嘉@,y)−6m(一一)+Cm(y−U〃一)+…
z z
x ↑L 『 x ↑一 一
(1). (2)
Figure 3.9:
where 6m=・bμo,〃m, cm・=cμo,レm, d!m=(1μo,〃m and o1=o(1∬一μ〃ml十ly−
u〃mD. Thus 6m∂∫レm(ω, y)/∂31−cη、∂プ『〃m(猛, y)/∂ω=(6m∂w膓一cL)(y−u〃m)十〇1・
On the other hand, since there exists a unit vector tangent toΣ(μo,〃m)at τmconverges to(1,0,0)as m→oO, limm→。。∂∫レm(輪,gm)/∂ω=0. Since limm→。。 bm=bμ。,o≠Oand limm→。。 bm∂m−c三=det(∬ん。,・)(μμ。,o,uμ。,o)≠
0,
∂念(塗m,9m)一請∂監(㊨)+6m∂㌃cL(9一輪)+仇≠・
fbr all su伍ciently large m. By the Implicit Function Theorem, there exists aO2 fUnction y=g.(5τ,z)=g(〃,エ, z)de丘ned in a small neighborhood of
(〃m,輪∫ m(塗m,9m))in the(〃,ω, z)−space with
(靱,ん(靱))=(∬,9 ㊤,の,z).
Proposition 3.17. FbrαII 8μがcづeη砲/αrge m,τ九e卿α由臨c九〇mocliηic 渉卿e卿石・∫W8(P。m)αηd肝(P m)μψZd8 geηericαIlyατμ=〃mω励
re3ρecττ・仇e〃一ραrαme彦e晒mi1 e8伊8(Pμ)}αηd{肝(P。)}.
Proo呈Recall that Im,. has the parametrization Im,.(τ)=(ち輪(〃,τ),玩(〃,τ))
with↓m,〃m(塗m)=万η. By Definition 3.9(2), it suf丘ces to show that
雲( へ2ノ!m,ωη葛)≠聖(輪,塗m,刷㌦,塗m)) (3・13)
fbr all suf丘ciently large m. Note that
無怨(〃m,輪Zm(μ伽塗m))一駕(瞬・・,・),
42・
where塗。。 is theエーcoordinate of a pointアinΣ(μo,0)∩{z=0}the tangent line inωy−plane at which is parallel to(1,0,0), see Fig.3.7(2)in the case that r is of hyperbolic type. If we set元m,〃=α;ηm, then鰐(Imo, (元m,.))・=Im,〃(塗m),
whereη=m−mo andαμ=αμo,.. As was seen in the proof of Lemma 3.11,
無∂ U竺(㌦編一∂ 警(卿)≠α (3・4)
We denote the〃−function ym。(〃,元m,.)byんm(〃). Since limm→。。虎m, /d〃=0,
it fbllows from(3.14)that
肋m
(〃m)d〃
〉
∂多竺( η膓,ωm,〃m)+∂㍑(㌦,』)㌢(㌦)
∂ymo − ∂ym (癒m〃
∂〃 ∂ω ,m (11ノ(〃m,ωm, m)− o(〃m,輪.) (〃m)>Oo
(3.15)
fbr some positive constant Oo and all m su伍ciently greater than mo. Since
yη、( へZノ,工m):=β;んη、(〃)fbrβ〃:=βμ。,〃,
∂ym i 刷一β㌫輪( m)+ηβ㌃・dβ〃( m)んm( m)
∂〃 d〃 d〃
一β趨(ZノηZ)+β鵠(㌦)ym(硫m)・
Since limm→∞βμm=βo>1and l輪(〃m,編)1≦δ, the inequality(3.15)
implies limm→。。1∂伽( ム〃m,忽ηL)/∂〃1=oo. This shows(3.13). 口
Proo∫o『乃eore7η31. Propositions 3.14 and 3.17 imply Theorem 3.1. 口
、
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