• 検索結果がありません。

X  ↑レー一]    X  ↑一  N

ドキュメント内 著者 吻澤 由輔 (ページ 44-51)

        (1)      (2)

Figure 3.8:(1)The case ofμo<0,〃=0,6μo,o<0.(2)The case ofμo>

0,〃=0,6μo,o>0. Each pair of the shaded regionS represents、4.

1κΣ(μo,〃)(テL,ω)1>κo/2fbr any pointテ∈ノ1μo,μsuf五ciently near T and any unit vectorω∈㍗(Aμo, )suf丘ciently near o. As in the proof of Assertion 3.15,fbr any integer m suf五ciently greater than lmo, there exists〃m with O<〃m<ρand such that Imμm⊂「日ア5(pμo,〃m)and/1〃m⊂『レレ吻(ρμo,μm)have a quadratic tangencyτm, see Fig.3.9.      口

3.3.2 Generic unfblding of the tangency

For short, set pμ。,〃=p〃,ん。,〃(∬, y)=ん@, t1)and(μμ。,〃,uμ。,〃)=(μ〃,u〃).

   Letηη=(輪9m,んm(輪,9m))be the homoclinic tangency ofルγμ(ρ m)

and W5(p m)given in Proposition 3.14. Fごom(3.10), we have

      ∂∫シm

      (靱)ニCm@一μ m)+∂m(y−U。m)+・・,

       ∂y

      ∂嘉@,y)−6m(一一)+Cm(y−U〃一)+…

z      z

x  ↑L 『    x  ↑一  一

(1).       (2)

Figure 3.9:

where 6m=・bμo,〃m, cm・=cμo,レm, d!m=(1μo,〃m and o1=o(1∬一μ〃ml十ly−

u〃mD. Thus 6m∂∫レm(ω, y)/∂31−cη、∂プ『〃m(猛, y)/∂ω=(6m∂w膓一cL)(y−u〃m)十〇1・

On the other hand, since there exists a unit vector tangent toΣ(μo,〃m)at τmconverges to(1,0,0)as m→oO, limm→。。∂∫レm(輪,gm)/∂ω=0. Since limm→。。 bm=bμ。,o≠Oand limm→。。 bm∂m−c三=det(∬ん。,・)(μμ。,o,uμ。,o)≠

0,

∂念(塗m,9m)一請∂監(㊨)+6m∂㌃cL(9一輪)+仇≠・

fbr all su伍ciently large m. By the Implicit Function Theorem, there exists aO2 fUnction y=g.(5τ,z)=g(〃,エ, z)de丘ned in a small neighborhood of

(〃m,輪∫ m(塗m,9m))in the(〃,ω, z)−space with

(靱,ん(靱))=(∬,9 ㊤,の,z).

Proposition 3.17. FbrαII 8μがcづeη砲/αrge m,τ九e卿α由臨c九〇mocliηic 渉卿e卿石・∫W8(P。m)αηd肝(P m)μψZd8 geηericαIlyατμ=〃mω励

re3ρecττ・仇e〃一ραrαme彦e晒mi1 e8伊8(Pμ)}αηd{肝(P。)}.

Proo呈Recall that Im,. has the parametrization Im,.(τ)=(ち輪(〃,τ),玩(〃,τ))

with↓m,〃m(塗m)=万η. By Definition 3.9(2), it suf丘ces to show that

雲(   へ2ノ!m,ωη葛)≠聖(輪,塗m,刷㌦,塗m))  (3・13)

fbr all suf丘ciently large m. Note that

無怨(〃m,輪Zm(μ伽塗m))一駕(瞬・・,・),

42・

where塗。。 is theエーcoordinate of a pointアinΣ(μo,0)∩{z=0}the tangent line inωy−plane at which is parallel to(1,0,0), see Fig.3.7(2)in the case that r is of hyperbolic type. If we set元m,〃=α;ηm, then鰐(Imo, (元m,.))・=Im,〃(塗m),

whereη=m−mo andαμ=αμo,.. As was seen in the proof of Lemma 3.11,

無∂ U竺(㌦編一∂ 警(卿)≠α (3・4)

We denote the〃−function ym。(〃,元m,.)byんm(〃). Since limm→。。虎m, /d〃=0,

it fbllows from(3.14)that

肋m

   (〃m)

d〃

∂多竺( η膓,ωm,〃m)+∂㍑(㌦,』)㌢(㌦)

∂ymo  −     ∂ym      (癒m〃

∂〃      ∂ω      ,m  (11ノ(〃m,ωm, m)−   o(〃m,輪.)  (〃m)>Oo

      (3.15)

fbr some positive constant Oo and all m su伍ciently greater than mo. Since

yη、( へZノ,工m):=β;んη、(〃)fbrβ〃:=βμ。,〃,

∂ym i 刷一β㌫輪( m)+ηβ㌃・dβ〃( m)んm( m)

∂〃        d〃       d〃

      一β趨(ZノηZ)+β鵠(㌦)ym(硫m)・

Since limm→∞βμm=βo>1and l輪(〃m,編)1≦δ, the inequality(3.15)

implies limm→。。1∂伽(  ム〃m,忽ηL)/∂〃1=oo. This shows(3.13).       口

Proo∫o『乃eore7η31. Propositions 3.14 and 3.17 imply Theorem 3.1. 口

References

[1]V.1.Arnold, S.M.Gusein−Zade and A.N.Varchenko, Singularities of di仁   允rentiable maps volume I. The classi6cation of critical points, caustics    and wave丘ons, Birkhauser, Boston,1985.

[2]M.Asaoka, Hyperbolic sets exhibiting O1.persistent homoclinic tan.

   gency fbr higher dimensions, Pアoc.、4meれルfα抗.50c.136(2008), no    2,677−686.

[3]G.D. Birkhofr, Nouvelles recherches sur ler systems dynamiques, Pon−

  ti丘cal Memori ,cllected works, Vblume 2、4mer.ルfα仇. Soc., New Ybrk,

   1950.      .

[4]M.Benedicks and L. Carleson, The dynamics of the H6non map,劔η.

   ρ∫ノレrα渉九.133(1991),73−169.

[5]Ch. Bonatti and L J. Diaz, Persistent nonhyperbolic transitive diffeo−

   morphisms,、4ηn. o∫」Mα彦ん.143(1996),357−396.

[6]Ch. Bonatti, L J. Diaz and M. Viana, Dynamics beyond unifbrm    hyperbolicity, Encyclopaedia of Mathematical Sciences(Mathematical

   Physics)102 Mathematical physics III,5b噺gerγεパαg,2005.

[7]Ch. Bonatti and L J. Dfaz, Connexions h6t6roclines et g6n6ricit6 d,une

       ノ

  in6nit6 de puits et de sources,ノ4γzη.5ci. Ecole/Voγ・m.3μ」0.(4)32(1999),

  no 1,135−150.

[8]Ch. Bonatti and L J. Diaz, Robust heterodimensional cycles and O1−

  generic dynamics, Jo惚ηα1(ゾ抗e血3τ. oゾMατん.九386eμ7(3)(2008),

  469−525.

[9]Ch. Bonatti, L J. Diaz and E. R. Pujals, A O1−generic dichotomy fbr

  dif民omorphisms:Weak fbrms of hyperbolicity or in丘nitely many sinks

  or sources,ノ4γ2η.ρ∫」∬α彦ん.158(2003),355−418.

[10]M.Brin and G. Stuck, Introduction七〇dynamical systems, Cambridge

   University Press,2002.

[11]K.Burns and H. Weiss, A geometric criterion fbr positive topological    entropy, Oomγπμn.」レ1αεん. Pんy3.172(1995),95−118.

[121S.S. Cairns, Dif艶rential and combinatorial topology, Princeton Univer−

   sity Press,1965.

・44

[13]LJ. Dfaz, Robust nonhyperbolic dynamics and heterodimensional cy−

   cles,五7790(L T7L DyηαγγL Sy&15(1995)291−315・

[14]L.J. Diaz, A. Nogueira and E. R. Pujals, Heterodimensional tangencies,

   Nonlinearity 19(2006),2543−2566.

[15}L.J. Diaz and J. Rocha, Non−connected heterodimensional cycles:bL    furcation and stability,ノVoη∬γzeαrπy 5(1992),1315−1341・

[161LJ. Diaz and J. Rocha, Large measure of hyperbolic dynamics when

    unfblding heteroclinic cycles,1Voγ漉γ2eαr泣多110(1997),857−884・

[17]LJ. Diaz and J. Rocha, Partially hyperbolic and transitive dynamics     generated by heteroclinic cycles, Eγき70(L 皿・1)ynαm・Sy3・21 (2001), 』     25−76.

[181LJ. Diaz and R. Ures, Persistent homoclinic tangencies at the unfblding    of cycles,ノ1ηγ膓.1n8τ.17eη亘Po ηcαr己11(1996),643−659・

[191S.V. Gonchenko, V.S. Gonchenko and J.T. Tatjer, Bifurcations of three−

   dimensional dif艶omorphisms with non−simple quadratic homoclinic tan−

   gencies and generalized H6non maps, preprint.

[20]N.Gavrilov and L Silnikov, On 3−dimensional dynamical systems close    to systems with a structurally unstable homoclinic curves I, Mα‡1LσS5R     sb.88(1972),467−485.

[21]N.Gavrilov and L Silnikov, On 3−dimensional dynamical systems close     to systems with a structurally unstable homoclinic curves II, Mατん.

    σ551Z 56.90(1973),139−156.

[22]S.V. Gonchenko, L. P Shilnikov and D. V. Turaev, Dynamical phenom−

    ena in systems with structurally unstable poincar6 homoclinic orbits,

    071α03,6(1996)15−31.

[23]S.V. Gonchenko, D. V. Turaev, and L R Shilnikov, On the existence     of Newhouse regions near systems with non−rough Poincar6 homoclinic     curve(multidimensional case), IRμ3&、4 cα(L 5c硫DoんL Mαε1L 47(1993),

    268−273.

[24]M.H6non, A tw(畑dimensional mapping with a strange attractor, Oom−

    mμη.1しfα診ん.Phy8.50(1976),69−77.

[25]A.J. Homburg and H. Weiss, A geometric criterion for positive topo.

    logical entropy II;Homoclinic tangencies, Oomm肌・Mα疏. P々8.208

    (1999),267−273.

[26]S.Kiriki, H. Kokubu and M−C. Li, An index changing bifurcation cre..

    ating heterodimensional cycles, preprint.

[27]B.Leal, High dimension difFeomorphisms exhibiting in丘nitely many

    strange attractors,ノ1ηγ膓.工1r.・Po γλcαγ・625(2008),587−607.

[281M.−C. Li, Nondegenerate homoclinic tangency and hyperbolic sets,1Voη一     1⑰↓eαγ・ノ1γ↓αら8 352(2003),1521−1533.

[29]E.N. Lorenz, Deterministic non−periodic How,」.、4τmo8.3c2.20(1963),

    130−141.

[30]S.E. Newhouse, Nondensity of axiom A(a)on S2,αobαI Aηαly3i3

    ↓Pr・C. Sy卿・3. P耽Mατん.,妨1.14,ノ肋er.」Mα診ん. S・CつPr・励eηce,

    1Z.、『 (1970),191−202.

[31]S.E. Newhouse and J. Palis, Cycles and bifurcation theory,」Pψ乙、43−

     er元3qμe.31(1976),44−140.

[32]S.E. Newhouse, The abundance of wild hyperbolic sets and non−smooth

      ノ

    stable sets fbr diflbomorphisms, P%bL Mαオん.、LH.」E.5.50(1979),101−

    151.

[33]M.Peixoto, Structural stability on two−dimensional manifblds,1bρoZogy     1(1962),101−120.

[34]J.Palis, A global perspective for non−conservative dynamics,、4ηη. Lπ.

    Po ηcαr622(2005),485−507.

[35]J.Palis, Open questions leading to a global perspective in dynamics,

    」Voη1仇eα励y 21(2008), T37−T43.

[36]J.Palis and F. Takens, Hyperbolicity and sensitive chaotic dynamics at

    homoclinic bifurcations, Cambridge Studies in Advanced Mathematics

    350αmbπ∂ge〃n初θr3πy」Pγre88,0αγηbr (47e,1993.

[37]J.Palis and M. Viana, High dimension dif丘omorphisms displaying in−

    finitely many periodic attractors,.4ηη. q〆Mα仇.(2)140(1994),207−

    250.

46・

[38]E.R. Pujals and M. Sambarino, Homoclinic tangencies and hyperbolic−

   ity fbr surface dif艶omorphisms, A皿. of Math.151(2000),961−1023.

[391V. Rayskin, Multidimensional singularλ一Lemma,盈ecかoη c JoμmαI o∫

    .D泥γreγあτづα1」E4ματ oη838(2003),1−9.

[40]V.Rayskin, Homoclinic tangencies in Rれ,、D 3creατOoη鋤.」Dyηαm.5鋼.

    12(2005),465−480.

[41]C.Robinson, Bifurcation to i頭nitely many sinks, Oom7η肌. Mατ力.

    Phy5.90(1983),433−459.

[42]C.Robinson, Dynamical systems, Stability, symbolic dynamics, and−

   chaos, Second edition, Studies in Advanced Mathematics, CRC Press,

   Boca Raton, FL,1999

[43]N.Romero, Persistence of homoclinic tangencies in higher dimensions,

   Eγ茎7α1.皿.Dynαm.5y3.15(1995),735−757.

[44]S.Sternberg, On the structure of local homeomorphisms of euclidean

   n−space II,ノ4meγ㌧」.ノ∬ατん.80(1958),623−631.

[45]旦.Ures, Abundance of hyperbolicity in the OI topology,.4ηηαle35cie砿     」膓c..〈rorm. Sμρ.28(1995),747−760.

[46]M.Viana, Strange attractors in higher dimensions, Bo1.50c.、Brα8 1.

    ノレfατ.ρV.3.ノ24(1993),13−62.

[47]R.F. Williams, Lorenz knots are primeラ励od.刀5. D拠蹴5y8.4

    (1984),147−163.

ドキュメント内 著者 吻澤 由輔 (ページ 44-51)

関連したドキュメント