• 検索結果がありません。

3KRWRU HVSRQVH E HKDYLRU R I $X QDQRSDUWLF OHSRUSK\U LQ SRO\PHUFRPSRVL WHGHYLFH

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

21 2)) 21 2))

D

-6.6x10

-8

-6.4 -6.2 -6.0

C ur r e nt / A

300 250

200 150

100 50

0

)LJXUH3KRWRUHVSRQVHEHKDYLRURIWKHGHYLFHD3RUSK\ULQSRO\PHUV E3RUSK\ULQSRO\PHUVZLWK3\$X13V7KHOLJKWVRXUFHZDVDPHWDOKDOLGH ODPSURRPWHPSHUDWXUHDPELHQWFRQGLWLRQV

21

2))

2Q

2II

E

-6.15x10

-8

-6.10 -6.05 -6.00 -5.95 -5.90 -5.85 -5.80

C ur r e nt / A

300 250

200 150

100 50

0

Time / sec

12cAuNPs7 Thu, Oct 05, 2006 12:32:27 AM

&RQFOXVLRQ

(OHFWURGHVZLWKDJDSVL]HVL]HRIaQPFRXOGEHEULGJHGE\SRUSK\ULQ PROHFXODUZLUHVZLWKaQPOHQJWK7KHSRUSK\ULQXQLWVFRXOGEH FRRUGLQDWHGZLWK$XQDQRSDUWLFOHVKDYLQJS\ULGLQ\OPRLHW\7KHGHYLFHZLWK ERWK WKH SRUSK\ULQ DQG $X QDQRSDUWLFOHV VKRZHG SKRWRUHVSRQVH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ZKLOH WKRVH ZLWKRXW WKH $X QDQRSDUWLFOHV VKRZHG QR UHVSRQVH 7KH ILQGLQJ LQGLFDWHV WKH JRRG SRWHQWLDO IRU GHYHORSLQJ QDQRPDWHULDOVFRPSRVHGRIERWKRUJDQLFDQGLQRUJDQLFFRPSRVLWHVIRUKLJKO\

IXQFWLRQDOGHYLFHV

([SHULPHQWDO

1DQRJDSHOHFWU RGHV

*ROGHOHFWURGHVZLWKDJDSRIaQPZHUHIDEULFDWHGRQVLOLFRQZDIHUV ZLWKD6L2LQVXODWLQJOD\HUWKHVFDQQLQJHOHFWURQPLFURVFRSLF6(0LPDJH RIWKHHOHFWURGHLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHD'HWDLOVRIWKHVHHOHFWURGHV KDYHEHHQUHSRUWHGSUHYLRXVO\

$SSDUDWXV

7KHPROHFXOHVZHUHWUDSSHGEHWZHHQWKHQDQRJDSHOHFWURGHVE\DSSO\LQJ DOWHUQDWLQJSRWHQWLDOVEHWZHHQWKHHOHFWURGHVXVLQJDIXQFWLRQJHQHUDWRU 1) &R :DYH )DFWRU\ 7KH HOHFWULFDOSURSHUWLHV RI WKH GHYLFHV ZHUH PHDVXUHGZLWKDKLJKYDFXXPORZWHPSHUDWXUHIRXUSUREHULQVWUXPHQWDWLRQ 1DJDVH (OHFWULF ,QVWUXPHQWDWLRQ &R DW a3D HTXLSSHG ZLWK D PXOWLHOHFWULFVRXUFHPHWHU$GYDQWHVW56(0LPDJHVZHUHWDNHQ ZLWK D -(2/ -60) LQVWUXPHQW *HO SHUPHDWLRQ FKURPDWRJUDSK\ ZDV SHUIRUPHGXVLQJWKH-$6&20'SOXVDSSDUDWXVZLWKWKUHHFROXPQVRI 6KRGH[*3&.)/VHULDOO\FRQQHFWHG

5HIHUHQFHV

;LDR;<;X%47DR1--$P&KHP6RF

;LDR;<;X%47DR1-1DQR/HWW 6PLW5+01RDW<8QWLHGW&/DQJ1'YDQ+HPHUW 0&YDQ5XLWHQEHHN-01DWXUH

2WVXND<1DLWRK<0DWVXPRWR7.DZDL7$SSO3K\V/HWW

2WVXND<1DLWRK<0DWVXPRWR7.DZDL7$QDQRWHVWHU

$ QHZ WHFKQLTXH IRU QDQRVFDOH HOHFWULFDO FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ E\

SRLQWFRQWDFWFXUUHQWLPDJLQJDWRPLFIRUFHPLFURVFRS\

-SQ-$SSO3K\V//

7DQDND+<DMLPD70DWVXPRWR72WVXND<2JDZD7$GY 0DWHU

7DQDND+<DMLPD7.DZDR02JDZD7-1DQRVFL1DQRWHFKQR

+XDQJ:0DVXGD*0DHGD67DQDND+2JDZD7&KHP(XU

-2JDZD7.RED\DVKL.0DVXGD*7DNDVH70DHGD67KLQ 6ROLG)LOPV

2]DZD+.DZDR07DQDND+2JDZD77REHSXEOLVKHG 7XXNNDQHQ6.X]\N$7RSSDUL--+\WRQHQ93,KDODLQHQ 77RUPD3$SSO3K\V/HWW

0HVVPRUH%:+XOYDW-)6RQH('6WXSS6,-$P

&KHP6RF

$UDNL.(QGR+0DVXGD*2JDZD7

&KDSWHU 6\QWKHVLV RI HQG IX QFWLRQDOL]HG p̽FRQMXJDW HG SRUSK\ULQROLJR PHUV

,Q WKLV FKDSWHU V\QWKHVLV DQG FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI HQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HG p̽FRQMXJDWHGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUDUHGHVFULEHG

2]DZD+.DZDR07DQDND+2JDZD76\QWKHVLVRIHQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HG p̽FRQMXJDWHGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUV7HWUDKHGURQ

,QWURGXFWL RQ

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p̽FRQMXJDWHGSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUVZKLFKOLQNHGQHLJKERU SRUSK\ULQXQLWVE\PHVRPHVRRUGLHWK\Q\OOLQNZHUHUHSRUWHG7KHVH SRO\PHUV DUH RI JUHDW LQWHUHVW E\ WKHLU HOHFWURQLF SURSHUWLHV IRU DSSOLFDWLRQVWRPROHFXODUZLUHVEHFDXVHRIVPDOO+202/802HQHUJ\JDS 0HWDO QDQRSDUWLFOHV PHWDO QDQRURGV DQG FDUERQ QDQRWXEHV DUH SURPLVLQJFDQGLGDWHVIRUFRQGXFWLYHQDQRPDWHULDOV,QRUGHUWRFRQVWUXFW VXFKQDQRFRPSRVLWHVPDGHIURPFRQGXFWLYHPDWHULDOVDQGRUJDQLFPROHFXOHV

)LJXUH 6FKHPDWLF GLDJUDP RI QDQRVWUXFWXUHV FRQVLVWLQJ RI

&RQQHFWLQJSDUW

&RQQHFWLQJSDUW

0ROHFXOH

&DUERQQDQRWXEHVRUPHWDOQDQRURGV

IXQFWLRQDOJURXSVDUHUHTXLUHGWRFRXSOHWKHVHPRLHWLHVWRJHWKHU0HUFDSWR RU6DFHW\OWKLRJURXSVDUHNQRZQWREHJRRGFRXSOLQJJURXSVWRPHWDOV DQGDURPDWLFK\GURFDUERQVVXFKDVS\UHQHDUHNQRZQWRDGVRUEWRWKHVXUIDFH RIFDUERQQDQRWXEHVHIILFLHQWO\WKURXJKppLQWHUDFWLRQV)RUWKHSXUSRVH RI FRQVWUXFWLQJ VXFK QDQRFRPSRVLWHV XVLQJ D VHULHV RI SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV DV WKH RUJDQLF SRUWLRQ ZH V\QWKHVL]HG D VHULHV RI HQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGp̽FRQMXJDWHGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUV2QHVHULHVDJ FRQWDLQV[6DFHW\OWKLRPHWK\OSKHQ\O]HWK\Q\OJURXSVDQGDQRWKHUVHULHV DJ EHDUV S\UHQ\OHWK\Q\O JURXSV DW WKH HQG RI WKH PROHFXOHV 6\VWHPDWLFVSHFWURVFRSLFVWXGLHVRIWKLVVHULHVRIROLJRPHUVZHUHSHUIRUPHG WRVWXG\WKHLUHOHFWURQLFSURSHUWLHVHVSHFLDOO\WRFODULI\WKHHIIHFWV RIWKHHQGIXQFWLRQDOJURXSVRQWKHPDLQpFRQMXJDWHGHOHFWURQLFV\VWHPV

6\QWKH VLV R I HQG IXQFWLRQDOL ] HG p̽FRQMXJDWHG SRUSK \ULQ ROLJRPHUV

6\QWKHVH V

(QGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVD JDQGDJZHUHV\QWKHVL]HGE\

WKHV\QWKHWLFURXWHVKRZQLQ6FKHPH)XQFWLRQDODON\QHVRUZHUH XVHGDVWKHFDSSLQJPROHFXOHV7KHR[LGDWLYHFRXSOLQJUHDFWLRQRIFRPSRXQG DQG WKHVH FDSSLQJ PROHFXOHV YLD FRSSHU FDWDO\VLV JDYH D VHULHV RI ROLJRPHUV7KHSRUSK\ULQFRQWDLQLQJSURGXFWVZHUHILUVWSXULILHGE\JHO SHUPHDWLRQFKURPDWRJUDSK\*3&DQGIXUWKHULVRODWHGE\UHF\FOLQJKLJK SHUIRUPDQFHOLTXLGFKURPDWRJUDSK\*3&+3/&*3&7KHSXULWLHVRIWKHVH

N

N N

N Zn

O O

O O H H

Cu(OAc)2, pyridine r.t.

3

N

N N

N Zn

O O

O O S

O

S O

n

1a-g (n = 1-7) S

O 4 H

N

N N

N Zn

O O

O O

2a-g (n = 1-7) H

5

Cu(OAc)2, pyridine r.t.

n

N

N N

N

Zn Si(C6H13)3 (C6H13)3Si

n N

N N

N

H Zn H

O O

O O

n

6FKHPH6\QWKHVLVRIHQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVDJ DJ DQG VWUXFWXUHV RI VLOLFRQ IXQFWLRQDOL]HG SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV

6a-f (n = 1~6) 7a-g (n = 1~7)

ROLJRPHUV ZHUH FRQILUPHG E\+ 105 0$/',72)06 DQG DQDO\WLFDO *3&

&RQWURO RISURGXFW GLVWULEXW LRQ

7KHGLVWULEXWLRQRIROLJRPHUVFRXOGEHFRQWUROOHGE\FKDQJLQJWKHUDWLR RIFRPSRXQGWRWKHFDSSLQJPROHFXOHVRUDVGHSLFWHGLQ)LJXUH :KHQWKHFRPSRXQGUDWLRRIWRZDV(QWU\WKHPDLQSURGXFWZDV PRQRPHU:KHQWKHUDWLRZDV(QWU\WKHPDMRUSURGXFWVUDQJHGIURP WHWUDPHUWRKH[DPHU:KHQWKHUDWLRZDV(QWU\WKHGLVWULEXWLRQ SHDNRIROLJRPHUVFHQWHUHGRQDGHFDPHU

)LJXUH$QDO\WLFDO*3&GDWDRISRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVSUHSDUHGE\FKDQJLQJ WKHFRPSRXQGUDWLRRIWR7KHFRPSRXQGUDWLRVRIWRZHUH DQGIRU(QWULHVDQGUHVSHFWLYHO\

(QWU\

(QWU\

(QWU\

&KDUDFWHUL] DWLRQ RI HQGI X QFWLRQDOL]HG p̽FRQMXJ DWHG SRUSK\ULQROLJR PHUV

0ROHFXOD U ZHLJKW DQDO\VL V RI HQGIXQFW LRQDOL]H G p̽FRQMXJDWHGSRUSK\U LQROLJRPH UV

7KHPROHFXODUZHLJKWZHUHVWULFWO\GHWHUPLQHGE\PDWUL[DVVLVWHGODVHU GHVRUSWLRQLRQL]DWLRQWLPHRIIOLJKWPDVVVSHFWURVFRS\IURPPRQRPHUWR KHSWDPHUDQGWKHGDWDDUHVKRZQ)LJXUHDDQGE$VDQRWKHUPHWKRG PROHFXODU ZHLJKWV ZHUH GHWHUPLQHG E\ +3/&*3& &DOLEUDWLRQV ZHUH XVHG SRO\VW\UHQHVWDQGDUG)URPWKHVHUHVXOWVHDFKROLJRPHUZDVVHSDUDWHGDQG ZDVSXUH

Figure 5-3. (a) MALDI-TOF-MS spectra of oligomer (1a-g).

1g 1f 1e 1d 1c 1b Compound 1a 'D

'D

'D

'D

'D

'D

'D

2b Compound 2a

2c

2d

2e

2f 'D

'D

'D

'D

'D

'D

)LJXUH&3&+3/&FKURPDWRJUDPVRIDROLJRPHUVDJDQGE ROLJRPHUVDJ

D E F G H I J

D E F G H I J

89DEVRU SWLRQDQG IOXRUHVFHQ FHVSHFWUD

89VDEVRUSWLRQVSHFWUDRIHQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVDJDQG DJLQ7+)DUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUHVDDQGEUHVSHFWLYHO\DQG WKHSHDNZDYHOHQJWKVlPD[DUHWDEXODWHGLQ7DEOH7KH6RUHWSHDNVRIWKH SRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVZHUHJUDGXDOO\UHGVKLIWHGDVWKHVL]HRIWKHROLJRPHU LQFUHDVHG 7KH 4 EDQGV ZHUH DOVR UHGVKLIWHG DQG LQWHQVLILHG ZLWK LQFUHDVLQJSRUSK\ULQXQLWVLQGLFDWLQJDKLJKGHJUHHRIFRQMXJDWLRQ7KH 6RUHWDQG4EDQGDEVRUSWLRQPD[LPDZHUHGHSHQGHQWRQWKHHQGIXQFWLRQDO JURXSV2OLJRPHUVDJZLWKS\UHQHHQGJURXSVVKRZHGORQJHUZDYHOHQJWK DEVRUSWLRQ FRPSDUHG WR WKH FRUUHVSRQGLQJ ROLJRPHUV DJ ZLWK 6DFHW\OWKLRPHWK\OSKHQ\OJURXSV7KHDEVRUSWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVRIWKHVH ROLJRPHUVEHFDPHODUJHUZLWKWKHLQFUHDVLQJQXPEHURISRUSK\ULQXQLWV7KH DEVRUSWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVLQFUHDVHGZLWKDOLQHDUUHODWLRQVKLSWRWKHQXPEHU RISRUSK\ULQXQLWVZLWKWKHH[FHSWLRQRIWKHPRQRPHU

D E F G H I

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•YDOXHV REWDLQHGIURPWKHLQWHUFHSWVIRUDVHULHVRIDQGZHUHFRLQFLGHQWWR EHH9IURPWKHDEVRUSWLRQGDWDDQGH9IURPWKHHPLVVLRQGDWD 7KLVPHDQVWKDWPLJKWEHWKRXJKWKHRSWLFDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHPRQRPHUZHUH KLJKO\LQIOXHQFHGE\WKHFDSSLQJPROHFXOHVWKHHIIHFWGHFUHDVHGZLWKDQ

)LJXUHE899LVVSHFWUDRIS\UHQHFDSSHGSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVDJ PHDVXUHGLQ7+)

D E F G H H I

RSWLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI ORQJ ROLJRPHUV ZHUH PLQLPDOO\ LQIOXHQFHG E\ WKH HQGFDSSLQJPRLHWLHV7KHUHSRUWHG(J1 •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

7DEOH 7KH DEVRUSWLRQlPD[ LQ 7+) HPLVVLRQlPD[ LQ 7+) DQG IOXRUHVFHQFHTXDQWXP\LHOGRISRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVDJDQGDJ

Porphyrin oligomer

Absorption lmax/nm

Emissiona lmax/nm

FFb

1a 455, 661 674 0.09

1b 462, 493, 583, 677, 725

750 0.10

1c 463, 583, 744 780 0.07

1d 463, 584, 752 792 0.08

1e 463, 585, 758 800 0.07

1f 463, 585, 764 804 0.07

1g 463, 585, 768 808 0.07

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

\LHOGLQFUHDVHG7KHUHDVRQIRUWKHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQDQGRULVQRW FOHDUDWSUHVHQWEXWWKHGHJUHHRIFRQMXJDWLRQEHWZHHQSRUSK\ULQPRLHWLHV PD\EHUHVSRQVLEOH

)LJXUH3ORWRIRSWLFDOEDQGJDSHQHUJ\(JDJDLQVWWKHUHFLSURFDO RIWKHQXPEHURISRUSK\ULQXQLWV1IRUlDJDEVRUSWLRQn DJDEVRUSWLRQ°DJHPLVVLRQoDJHPLVVLRQr DIZLWKS\ULGLQHHPLVVLRQ

)LJXUH3ORWVRITXDQWXP\LHOGYHUVXVWKHQXPEHURISRUSK\ULQXQLWV IRUòDJ¢DJDQGpDJ

&RQFOXVLRQ

:HUHSRUWWKHSUHSDUDWLRQDQGLVRODWLRQRIDVHULHVRIHQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HG SRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVE\DVLPSOHFRXSOLQJUHDFWLRQ7KHGLVWULEXWLRQRI ROLJRPHUVFDQEHFRQWUROOHGE\WKHUDWLRRISRUSK\ULQGHULYDWLYHWRFDSSLQJ PROHFXOHV899LVDEVRUSWLRQDQGIOXRUHVFHQFHVSHFWUDRIWKHPRQRPHUVZHUH DIIHFWHGE\WKHFDSSLQJJURXSVKRZHYHUWKHHIIHFWGHFUHDVHGDVWKHQXPEHU RISRUSK\ULQXQLWVLQFUHDVHG7KHIOXRUHVFHQFHTXDQWXP\LHOGGHFUHDVHGDV WKHQXPEHURISRUSK\ULQXQLWVLQFUHDVHGZKLFKVKRZHGDVKDUSFRQWUDVWZLWK D VHULHV RI PHVRPHVR FRXSOHG SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV &RQVWUXFWLRQ RI QDQRVWUXFWXUHVFRQVLVWLQJRIWKHVHHQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGPROHFXOHVDQGPHWDO SDUWLFOHVRUFDUERQQDQRWXEHVLVQRZLQSURJUHVV

([SHULPHQWDO

&RPSRXQGVDQGZHUHSUHSDUHGDFFRUGLQJWRSXEOLVKHGOLWHUDWXUH SURFHGXUHV$OOVROYHQWVDQGUHDJHQWVZHUHFRPPHUFLDOUHDJHQWJUDGHDQG ZHUHXVHGZLWKRXWIXUWKHUSXULILFDWLRQH[FHSWZKHUHQRWHG+105VSHFWUD ZHUHUHFRUGHGRQD-(2/-10/$VSHFWURPHWHUDQGFKHPLFDOVKLIWVZHUH UHSRUWHGLQWKHGHOWDVFDOHUHODWLYHWRDQLQWHUQDOVWDQGDUGRI706d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

.)/ FROXPQV 7+) ZDV XVHG DV WKH HOXHQW DQG WKH IORZ UDWH LQ DOO H[SHULPHQWVZDVP/PLQ5HF\FOLQJSUHSDUDWLYH*3&+3/&ZDVFDUULHGRXW RQ-$,/&XVLQJVHULDOO\FRQQHFWHGSUHSDUDWLYHVFDOH-$,*(/++

DQG+FROXPQV3UHOLPLQDU\VHSDUDWLRQRIWKHROLJRPHUVZDVSHUIRUPHGE\

RSHQFROXPQFKURPDWRJUDSK\*3&XVLQJ%LR%HDGV6;%LR5DGDQG7+)DV WKHHOXHQW

3UHSDUDWLRQ D QG LVROD WLRQ RI 6DFHW\OWKLRPH WK\OSKHQ\ O IXQFWLRQDOL]HG SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV

LVRODWHGE\UHF\FOLQJ*3&+3/&WRJLYHDPJ%EPJ% FPJ%G PJ%HPJ%IPJ%J PJ%DQGODUJHUROLJRPHUVPJ7KHSXULW\RIHDFKKRPRORJXHZDV FKHFNHGE\WKHIROORZLQJDQDO\VHV7KH+105VSHFWUXPRIHDFKVDPSOHVKRZHG FRQVLVWHQW LQWHJUDWLRQV IRU DOO WKH UHVRQDQFHV DQG QR HYLGHQFH RI LPSXULWLHVZDVREVHUYHG:LWKWKH0$/',72)06VSHFWUDQRRWKHUKRPRORJXHV ZHUH GHWHFWHG IRU HDFK LVRODWHG SURGXFW :H FRQGXFWHG DQDO\WLFDO *3&

DQDO\VHVRIHDFKSURGXFWZLWKVLPXOWDQHRXVPHDVXUHPHQWVRIWKHDEVRUSWLRQ VSHFWUDXVLQJDGLRGHDUUD\GHWHFWRU$OOWKHLVRODWHGROLJRPHUVVKRZHG DVLQJOHSHDNFOHDUO\GLVWLQJXLVKDEOHIURPRWKHUROLJRPHUVE\LWVUHWHQWLRQ WLPHDQGDEVRUSWLRQVSHFWUXP

&RQWURORISURGXFWGLVWULE XWLRQE\ FKDQJLQJWKHUDWLRRIWR (QWU\

,QDURXQGERWWRPHGIODVNPJmPROPJmPRODQG

&X2$FPJmPROZHUHGLVVROYHGLQP/RIS\ULGLQHDQGWKHPL[WXUH ZDVVWLUUHGDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHIRUKRXUV:DWHUZDVDGGHGWRWKHUHDFWLRQ DQGWKHUHVXOWLQJSUHFLSLWDWHZDVILOWHUHGDQGZDVKHGZLWKPHWKDQRO7KH SUHFLSLWDWH ZDV GLVVROYHG LQ 7+) DQG SDVVHG WKURXJK DQ RSHQ FROXPQ FKURPDWRJUDSKXVLQJ%LR%HDGV6;%LR5DGWRREWDLQDPL[WXUHRIWKH SURGXFWVFRQWDLQLQJSRUSK\ULQROLJRPHUVPJ7KHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH SURGXFWVZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\DQDO\WLFDO*3&RIWKHPL[WXUH

&RQWURORISURGXFWGLVWULE XWLRQE\ FKDQJLQJWKHUDWLRRIWR (QWU\

,QDURXQGERWWRPHGIODVNPJmPROPJmPRODQG&X2$F PJmPROZHUHGLVVROYHGLQP/RIS\ULGLQHDQGWKHPL[WXUHZDV VWLUUHGDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHIRUKRXUV:DWHUZDVDGGHGWRWKHUHDFWLRQ DQGWKHUHVXOWLQJSUHFLSLWDWHZDVILOWHUHGDQGZDVKHGZLWKPHWKDQRO7KH SUHFLSLWDWH ZDV GLVVROYHG LQ 7+) DQG SDVVHG WKURXJK DQ RSHQ FROXPQ FKURPDWRJUDSKXVLQJ%LR%HDGV6;%LR5DGWRREWDLQDPL[WXUHRIWKH

SURGXFWVZDVGHWHUPLQHGE\DQDO\WLFDO*3&RIWKHPL[WXUH

&RQWURORISURGXFWGLVWULE XWLRQE\ FKDQJLQJWKHUDWLRRIWR (QWU\

,QDURXQGERWWRPHGIODVNPJmPROD7+)VROXWLRQRIm/

VROXWLRQRIPJP/FRQFHQWUDWLRQmPRODQG&X2$FPJmPRO ZHUHGLVVROYHGLQP/RIS\ULGLQHDQGWKHPL[WXUHZDVVWLUUHGDWURRP WHPSHUDWXUHIRUKRXUV:DWHUZDVDGGHGWRWKHUHDFWLRQDQGWKHUHVXOWLQJ SUHFLSLWDWHZDVILOWHUHGDQGZDVKHGZLWKPHWKDQRO7KHSUHFLSLWDWHZDV GLVVROYHGLQ7+)DQGSDVVHGWKURXJKDQRSHQFROXPQFKURPDWRJUDSKXVLQJ

%LR%HDGV6;%LR5DGWRREWDLQDPL[WXUHRIWKHSURGXFWVFRQWDLQLQJ SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV PJ 7KH GLVWULEXWLRQ RI WKH SURGXFWV ZDV GHWHUPLQHGE\DQDO\WLFDO*3&RIWKHPL[WXUH

3UHSDUDWLRQ DQGL VRODWLRQ RIS\UHQ\ OIXQFWLRQD OL]HGSRUSK\UL Q ROLJRPHUV

,QDURXQGERWWRPHGIODVNPJmPROPJmPRODQG&X2$F PJmPROZHUHGLVVROYHGLQP/RIS\ULGLQHDQGWKHPL[WXUHZDV VWLUUHGDWURRPWHPSHUDWXUHIRUKRXUV:DWHUZDVDGGHGWRWKHUHDFWLRQ DQG WKH UHVXOWLQJ SUHFLSLWDWH ZDV ILOWHUHG ZDVKHG ZLWK PHWKDQRO DQG URXJKO\SXULILHGE\RSHQFROXPQFKURPDWRJUDSK\*3&7KHROLJRPHUVZHUH LVRODWHGE\DUHF\FOLQJ*3&+3/&WRJLYHDPJ%EPJ% FPJ%GPJ%HPJ%IPJ%J PJ%DQGODUJHUROLJRPHUVPJ

89YLV7+)lPD[ORJeQP)OXRUHVFHQFH

7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQGE+1050+]G7+)dG- +]+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHG- +]+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG-

+]+$UG- +]+$UW- +]+$U W- +]+2&+V+6&+3KV+&2&+

VH[W- +]+&+P- +]+&+G-

+]+&++5060$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+126=Q

IRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe

QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5

.%UFP

&RPSRXQGF+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROHG - +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]+

bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG+$UP+

$UP+$UP+2&+V+6&+3KV

+&2&+P+&+P+&+P+&++506 0$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+126=QIRXQG89YLV

7+)lPD[ORJeQP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)

lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQG G+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG+$Ua

P+$UP+$UP+2&+V+6&+3K

V+&2&+@P+&+P+&+P+

&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+126=QIRXQG89YLV

lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U FP

&RPSRXQG H+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG+$Ua

P+$UP+$UP+2&+V+6&+3K

V+&2&+P+&+P+&+P+

&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+126=QIRXQG89YLV7+)

lPD[ORJeQP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[

QPlHPQP,5.%UFP

&RPSRXQG I+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG+$Ua

P+$UP+$UP+2&+V+6&+3K

V+&2&+P+&+P+&+P+

&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+126=QIRXQG89YLV7+)

lPD[ORJeQP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[

QPlHPQP,5.%UFP

&RPSRXQG J+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+$UG+$Ua

P+$UP+$UP+2&+V+6&+3K

+PS\UHQHG- +]+$UW- +]+$U W- +]+2&+VH[W- +]+&+ +]+&+G- +]+&++5060$/',72)FDOFGIRU

&+12=QIRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQGE+1050+]G7+)dG- +]+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHG- +]+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQH

P+S\UHQHG- +]+$UW- +]+$U

W- +]+2&+VH[W- +]+&+P

- +]+&+G- +]+&++5060$/',72)FDOFGIRU

&+12=QIRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe

QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHP

QP,5.%UFP

&RPSRXQGF+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROHG

- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]+

bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQH+PS\UHQH

P+$UP+$UP+2&+P+&+

P + &+ P + &+ +506 0$/',72) FDOFG IRU

&+12=QIRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5

.%UFP

&RPSRXQG G+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQHP+S\UHQH

P+$UP+$UP+2&+P+&+

P+&+P+&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU&+12=Q

QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQG H+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQHP+S\UHQH

P+$UP+$UP+2&+P+

&+P+&+P+&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU

&+12=QIRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQG I+1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQHP+S\UHQH

P+$UP+$UP+2&+P+

&+P+&+P+&+060$/',72)FDOFGIRU

&+12=QIRXQG89YLV7+)lPD[ORJe QP)OXRUHVFHQFH7+)lH[ QPlHPQP,5.%U

FP

&RPSRXQGJ +1050+]G7+)dP+bS\UUROH

G- +]+bS\UUROHP+bS\UUROHG- +]

+bS\UUROHG- +]+S\UHQHP+S\UHQH

P+$UP+$UP+2&+P+

5HIHUHQFH

5HHG 0 $ /HH 7 0ROHFXODU 1DQRHOHFWURQLFV $PHULFDQ 6FLHQWLILF3XEOLVKHUV/RV$QJHOHV&DOLIRUQLD

)ODWW$.'LUN60+HQGHUVRQ-&6KHQ'(6X-5HHG0$7RXU-07HWUDKHGURQ 7RXU-05DZOHWW$0.R]DNL0<DR<;-DJHVVDU5

&'LUN603ULFH':5HHG0$=KRX&:&KHQ-

5HHG0$3URF,(((

'RQKDXVHU=-0DQWRRWK%$.HOO\.)%XPP/$

0RQQHOO-'6WDSOHWRQ--3ULFH':5DZOHWW$0

$OODUD ' / 7RXU - 0 :HLVV 3 66FLHQFH

%OXP$6.XVKPHULFN-*/RQJ'33DWWHUVRQ&+<DQJ -&+HQGHUVRQ-&<DR<;7RXU-06KDVKLGKDU5 5DWQD%51DWXUH0DWHULDOV

.XEDWNLQ6'DQLORY$+MRUW0&RUQLO-%UHGDV-/

6WXKU+DQVHQ1+HGHJDUG3%MRUQKROP71DWXUH

3DUN-3DVXSDWK\$1*ROGVPLWK-,&KDQJ&<DLVK

<5LQNRVNL06HWKQD-3$EUXQD+'0F(XHQ3/5DOSD '&1DWXUH

3DUN+3DUN-/LP$./$QGHUVRQ(+$OLYLVDWRV

$30F(XHQ3/1DWXUH

;X%4;LDR;<<DQJ;0=DQJ/7DR1--$P

&KHP6RF

/LDQJ:-6KRUHV03%RFNUDWK0/RQJ-53DUN+

1DWXUH

.LP<+-HRQJ'+.LP'-HRXQJ6&&KR+6.LP 6.$UDWDQL12VXND$-$P&KHP6RF

($QGHUVRQ+/&KHP&RPPXQ

6FUHHQ7(27KRUQH-5*'HQQLQJ5*%XFNQDOO'

*$QGHUVRQ+/-0DWHU&KHP

&KL/)+DUWLJ0'UHFKVOHU76FKZDDFN76HLGHO&

)XFKV+6FKPLG*$SSO3K\V$66 %UXVW0%HWKHOO'6FKLIIULQ'-.LHO\&-$GY0DWHU

0ELQG\R-.10DOORXN7(0DWW]HOD-%.UDWRFKYLORYD ,5D]DYL%-DFNVRQ710D\HU76-$P&KHP6RF

7KHVV$/HH51LNRODHY3'DL+-3HWLW35REHUW -;X&+/HH<+.LP6*5LQ]OHU$*&ROEHUW '76FXVHULD*(7RPDQHN')LVFKHU-(6PDOOH\5 (6FLHQFH

(EEHVHQ7:/H]HF+-+LXUD+%HQQHWW-:*KDHPL +)7KLR71DWXUH

1X]]R5*=HJDUVNL%5'XERLV/+-$P&KHP6RF

&KHQ5-=KDQJ<*:DQJ':'DL+-$P&KHP6RF

2JDZD7.RED\DVKL.0DVXGD*7DNDVH70DHGD67KLQ 6ROLG)LOPV

+XDQJ:0DVXGD*0DHGD67DQDND+2JDZD7&KHP(XU

7DQDND+<DMLPD70DWVXPRWR72JDZD7$GY0DWHU

&RPPXQ

.DZDR02]DZD+7DQDND+2JDZD77KLQ6ROLG)LOPV

3ODWHU 0 - $LNHQ 6 %RXUKLOO *7HWUDKHGURQ

*U\NR'7&ODXVHQ&5RWK.0'RQWKD1%RFLDQ') .XKU:*/LQGVH\-6-2UJ&KHP

&KDSWHU7KH VLV6XPPDU \

,QWKLVWKHVLVWKHV\QWKHVLVWKHVWUXFWXUHRQVROLVVXUIDFHVDQGRSWLFDO SURSHUWLHVRIGHQGURQSRUWHFWHGSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUVZHUHGHVFULEHG7KH SRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUDUHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHILHOGRIPDWHULDOVFKHPLVWU\DQG PROHFODUHOHFWURQLFV7KHOHQJWKVRIGHQGURQSURWHFWHGSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHU ZHUHPRUHWKDQQPDQGWKHKHLJKWVZHUHKLJKHUWKDQQRQGHQGURQSURWHFWHG SRUSK\ULQ SRO\PHUV ,W LV HDV\ WR REVHUYH E\ $)0 'HQGURQ SURWHFWHG SRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUPD\EHXVHIXOIRUPHDVXUPHQWRIFRQGDFWDQFHRQVLQJOH PROHFXOHXVLQJ3&,$)0DQGGRXEOHSUREH630

$VLQRUJDQLFPDWHULDOVZHXVHGJROGQDQRSDUWLFOHV7KHJROGQDQRSDUWLFOHV ZHUHFDSSHGE\S\ULGLQHHWKDQHWKLROZHUHV\QWKHVL]HGE\OLJDQGH[FKDQJH PHWKRG 7KH S\ULGLQH FDSSHG JROG QDQRSDUWLFOHV S\$X13V ZHUH FKDUDFWUL]HGE\899LVDEVRUSWLRQVSHFWUD)7,5+105DQG7(0

:HSUHSDUHGDRQHGLPHQVLRQDODVVHPOELHVRI$X13VFKHPLFDOO\OLQNHGWR SRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUWKHDVVHPELHVZHUHREVHUYDWLRQE\$)0DQG6(07KHVH UHVXOWV LPSO\ WKDW $X13V FRQQHFWHG WR HYHU\ IRXUSRUSK\ULQ XQLW 1HZ RUJDQLFLQRUJDQLFPDWHULDOVZLOOEULQJXVWKHQHZPDWHULDOVFKHPLVWU\

7KH,9PHDVXUHPHQWVDQGSKRWRUHVSRQVHVRIDVVHPEOLHVZHUHPHDVXUHG7KH DVVHPEOLHVZHUHWUDSSHGEHWZHHQJDSHOHFWURGHVXVLQJ$&FXUUHQW3KRWR UHVSRQVHVZHUHREVHUYHGIURPGHYLFHVZKLFKZHUHSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUDQG

$X13VDVVHPEOLHV

(QGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUVZHUHV\QWKHVL]HGDQGWKHHIIHFWRI HQGFDSSLQJJURXSVWRPDLQp̽V\VWHPVZHUHLQYHVWLJDWHG899LVDEVRUSWLRQ DQGIOXRUHVFHQFHVSHFWUDRIWKHPRQRPHUVZHUHDIIHFWHGE\WKHFDSSLQJJURXSV

/LVWRISXEOLFD WLRQ

7DNXML2JDZD+LURDNL2]DZD0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURIXPL7DQDND

͆3KRWRUHVSRQVHEHKDYLRURI$XQDQRSDUWLFOHSRUSK\ULQSRO\PHUFRPSRVLWH GHYLFHZLWKQDQRJDSSHGHOHFWURGHV͇

-0DW6FLLQSUHVV

+LURDNL2]DZD0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURIXPL7DQDND7DNXML2JDZD

͆6\QWKHVLV RI 'HQGURQ 3URWHFWHG 3RUSK\ULQ :LUHV DQG 3UHSDUDWLRQ RI D 2QH'LPHQVLRQDO$VVHPEO\RI*ROG1DQRSDUWLFOHV&KHPLFDOO\/LQNHGWRWKH p&RQMXJDWHG:LUHV͇

/DQJPXLULQSUHVV

+LURDNL2]DZD0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURIXPL7DQDND7DNXML2JDZD

͆6\QWKHVLV DQG HQGIXQFWLRQDOL]HGp̽FRQMXJDWHG SRUSK\ULQ ROLJRPHUV͇

7HWUDKHGURQ

+LURDNL2]DZD7DNXML2JDZD

͆6\QWKHVLVRIWKLFNSRUSK\ULQPROHFXODUZLUHVE\DSDOODGLXPFDWDO\]HG ROLJRPHUL]DWLRQ͇

,QW-1DQRVFL

7KHIROORZLQJSDSHULVUHODWHGWRWKHSUHVHQWZRUNEXWQRWLQFOXGHG

51HJLVKL7+DVHJDZD+7DQDND.7HUDEH+2]DZD72JDZD0$RQR

͆6L]HGHSHQGHQWVLQJOHHOHFWURQWXQQHOLQJHIIHFWLQ$XQDQRSDUWLFOHV͇

6XUI6FLLQSUHVV

0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURDNL2]DZD+LURIXPL7DQDND7DNXML2JDZD

͆6\QWKHVLV DQG VHOIDVVHPEO\ RI QRYHO SRUSK\ULQ PROHFXODU ZLUHV͇

/LVWRISUHVHQW DWLRQV

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ⏛୯ ၤᩝࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔᮆ❻࡞㔘᚜⢇Ꮔࢅᑙථࡊࡒ࣎ࣜࣆ࢔࣏࣭ࣛࣤ࣎ࣛࡡష⿿ࠕ

᪝ᮇ໩Ꮥఌ➠偖偕᫋Ꮢᖳఌ ኬ㜨偆假

ې+LURDNL2]DZD0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURIXPL7DQDND7DNXML2JDZD

͆35(3$7$7,21 2) 6835$02/(&8/$5 $66(0%/,(6 2) *2/' 1$123$57,&/(6 :,7+

3253+<5,16͇

$VLDQ&RQIHUHQFHRQ1DQRVFLHQFH&1DQRWHFKQRORJ\

%XVDQ.RUHD

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ⏛୯ ၤᩝࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔȧѸභᙲ࣎ࣜࣆ࢔࣏࣭ࣛࣤ࣎ࣛ࡞໩Ꮥ⤎ྙࡊࡒ㔘᚜⢇Ꮔࡡୌḗඔ㞗ྙమࡡష

⿿ࠕ

᪝ᮇ໩Ꮥఌ➠偖㸫᫋Ꮢᖳఌ

༐ⴝ偆假

ې+LURDNL2]DZD0DVDKLUR.DZDR+LURIXPL7DQDND7DNXML2JDZD

͆3UHSDUDWLRQRI2QH'LPHQVLRQDO$VVHPEO\RI*ROG1DQRSDUWLFOHV&KHPLFDOO\

/LQNHGWRp̽&RQMXJDWHG3RUSK\ULQSRO\PHUV͇

,QWHUQDWLRQDO6\PSRVLXPRQ0ROHFXODU6FDOH(OHFWURQLFV 7VXNXED

YDULRXVVXEVWUDWHVXVLQJ/DQJPXLU%ORGJHWWPHWKRG͇

7KHWK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ1DQR0ROHFXODU(OHFWURQLFV .REH

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ⏛୯ ၤᩝࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔࢸࣤࢺࣞࣤಕ㆜࣎ࣜࣆ࢔ࣛࣤ࣠࢕࣭ࣕࡡ༟ฦᏄ∸ᛮ゛ῼࠕ

➠㸪㸨ᅂ 㧏ฦᏄᏕఌ ℓᾇ㐠偆假

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ⏛୯ ၤᩝࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

͆$)0REVHUYDWLRQRIGHQGURQSURWHFWHGSRUSK\ULQZLUHV͇

᭯ᶭฦᏄᮞᩩゞㄵఌ 㟴ᒱ偆假

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔࢸࣤࢺࣞࣤಕ㆜ࡈࡿࡒ࣎ࣜࣆ࢔ࣛࣤ࣠࢕࣭࡛ࣕࡐࡡ㞹ポఎᑙᛮࠕ ฦᏄ࢙ࣝࢠࢹࣞࢼࢠࢪ◂✪ఌ

យ▩偆假

ې+LURDNL2]DZD7DNXML2JDZD

͆6\QWKHVLV DQG FKDUDFWHUL]DWLRQ RI GHQGULPHU SURWHFWHG FRQMXJDWHG SRUSK\ULQZLUHV͇

1HZ+RUL]RQVLQ0ROHFXODU6FLHQFHDQG6\VWHPV$Q,QWHJUDWHG$SSURDFK 2NLQDZD

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ἑᑹ ┷☜ࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔ├ᙼࡡኬࡀ࡝࣎ࣜࣆ࢔ࣛࣤ࣠࢕࣭ࣕࡡྙᠺ࡛ $)0 ࡞࠽ࡄࡾῼᏽࠕ

᪝ᮇ໩Ꮥఌ➠偖㸨᫋Ꮢᖳఌ ᮶ா偆假

ې+LURDNL2]DZD7DNXML2JDZD

ROLJRPHUL]DWLRQ͇

$VLDQ6\PSRVLXPRQ1DQRWHFKQRORJ\DQG1DQRVFLHQFH 7RN\R

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉ ᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔࢸࣤࢺࣞࣤಕ㆜ࡈࡿࡒ࣎ࣜࣆ࢔ࣛࣤ࣠࢕࣭ࣕࡡྙᠺࠕ

➠偏偖ᅂⱕᡥ໩Ꮥ⩽ࡡࡒࡴࡡ໩Ꮥ㐠ሔយ□偐㸥㸥偐

យ□ 偆假

ېᑚ⃕ ᐰ᫥ࠉᑚᕖ ⌮἖

ࠔࢸࣤࢺ࣏࣭ࣛಕ㆜ࡈࡿࡒ࣎ࣜࣆ࢔ࣛࣤ࣠࢕࣭ࣕࡡྙᠺࠕ

᪝ᮇ໩Ꮥఌ➠偖偏᫋Ꮢᖳఌ

᮶ா 偆假

関連したドキュメント