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120

Abstract

Bark _{compost attracts} attention ^{aS one} of the

effective utilization of the forest resource and has

been used ^at covering of side slopes. But its needs

were

rec6ntly

^{decreasing according t. decline .f}

publicworksprojects.

^So, newmakingofdemandshas been needed.

As immature composts give the damage to plants

causedbyammoniafromthosre andnitrogen starvation

based on competition with microorganisms, the

evaluation of ^maturity of coml"StS is very‑important

on using compost to plant culture.

Inthisstudy, ontheviewpointofthedecreaseinthe

ammonia content ^{as an} index of microorganism

activity, I investigated the relationship between the

ammonia content and the compost maturity. Much

ammonia ^was detected from the compost in the early

days of fermenting and the compost in the primary

fermentationprocesshasbeenabletobeevaluatedby

the detection of ^{ammonia over} 0.1

mg

^{g‑1 In the}

fermentation _{process, ammonium} in compost is

immobilized by organisms. Therefore, _ammonium

sulfate wasaddedtocompostandtheconsumptionwas

detectedafter72hours. The compostonearlystage

in

secondary fermentation _process i'ndicated lower

121

consumption than that ^on late _stage, and I could

decided‑ the compost maturity in the secondary

fermentation _process by the ammonia decrease during

t,he ⁷² hours aft,er the addit,ion ofammonium sulfate.

Formakingthe guideline ofrawmaterialstoproduce

the bark _compost, which ^{was more} resolved easily

resolving organic ^{matter in} the composting process. I

tried composting

6fmaterials

_{with various} C/N _ratio

and ^{nitrogen content.} In addition I carried out

composting of

easily resolving

result, it ^was

materials with different _ratioh of

Qrganic carbon and nitrogen. As a

demonstrate that easily resolving

organic carbon and nitrogen affected fermentation of

bark _compost. It is suggested that ^{it is} possible ^to

lMOduce of bark _compost with ^a litt.1eTeasily resolving

organic materials ‑by _amount of auxiliary material

using the ration of easily resolving organic carbon

and nitrogen.

I tried to ^use of the bark _compost for substitutive

pottingmediumforpeatmossinpottedminiaturerose

+

production by the Ebb & Flow _system. The damage

plants ^were notobserved through acultivationperiod,

evenifl usedbarkcompost 30% of medium. Because,

large increasing of the microorganisms ⁱⁿ nutrient

solution and soil solution ^was hot seen, and the

122

increasing of the ammonia ^was not observed, ^too.

Therefore, damage plants by generati.ng ammonia and

causing nitrogen starvat,ion ^were

suggest,ed th'at bark _compost can

medium ^{as peat moss in} potting

not present. It ^is

used ^as substrate plant cult,ivation

usingEbb&Flow

^system. Furthermore, asaresultthat,

the growth of the roots in

seedling period ^was

promoted by _n'utrient to be included in bark _compost,

number of ^{root tip} which ^can absorb nutrient

increased. Therefore, growth ofplants ^were promoted

in early cultivation periods ^.

The influence of continuous applications of the bark

compost with different _maturity on soil

physicoc.hemical properties ^was investigated on

successive. cropping of Komatsuna. The soil

physicochemical factor such ^{as air} filled _porosity,

totalLcarbon, CEC were measured. Two types

of bark

composts ^were used,

compost which ^was

fermentatilon _stage,

one was the pre‑mature bark

in end phase of ^a primary

and the other ^was the mature

barkcompostwhichwasin second fermentation _stage.

The growth of Komatsuna was not affected by the

maturity and ^quantity of the applied bark _compost.

Total carbon, saturated hydraulic conductivity, air

filled _porosity and CEC increased according ^to the

123

quantity of the applied bark _compost and the

continuous applications of the bark _compost. The

physicochemical ^properties such ^{as air} filled _porosity

and saturated hydraulic conductivity,, CEC were

correlated with increasing of total carbon. Therefore,

it was suggested that total carbon may become index

of improvement effect ^on physicochemical ^properties

of soil. The maturity of the compost did/n,t influence

physicochemical ^properties improvement.

124

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125

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^{Ill I}

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