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࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࡢ᥈⣴

36

⥴⥴ ゝ

࣊࢟ࢧࢡࣟࣟࣇ࢙ࣥ㸦HCP㸧ࡣ, 1960ᖺ௦࡟▼㮯, Ὑ๣ࡸ໬⢝ရ࡞࡝ࡢᢠ⳦๣࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡉ

ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, 㜵࢝ࣅ๣ࡸ㎰⸆࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ [43]ࠋ1950 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ

1960

ᖺ௦࡟࠿ࡅ࡚

3%ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡛ࡢ HCP

ࡢᮍ⇍ඣࡢ࠾㢼࿅࡛ࡢ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡢ౑⏝ࡀ, ⬻ᖿ⥙ᵝయ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ✵⬊ᙧᡂ

ᛶ⬻⑕࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ [74], 㱎ṑ㢮ࡢ⬻ⓑ㉁ࡢ࣑࢚ࣜࣥ㠧ࡀ୰㛫࡛ゎ㞳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࣑࢚ࣜ

ࣥࡀ✵⬊໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [49]ࠋࡲࡓ, ࣛࢵࢺ࡟

HCP

ࢆ៏ᛶ᭚㟢ࡉࡏࡿ࡜, ⚄⤒

⣽⬊ࡢ㍈⣴࡟࠾࠸࡚⬺㧊࡜෌࣑࢚ࣜࣥ໬ࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾜ࢃࢀ, ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ⚄⤒⥺⥔ࡀ㍈⣴ࡢ

⬺ⴠࢆㄏⓎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ [58], HCP ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ࣐࢘ࢫⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ᐇ㦂࡛ࡶ, Ꮚື≀ࡢ⬻࡛࣑࢚

ࣜࣥࡢ✵⬊໬ࢆ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ [41], ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ඾ᆺⓗ࡞⚄⤒ẘ࡜▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⚄

⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ, HCP ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚, ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔

㆕ࡢศ໬୰ᮇࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋࡓയᐖᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ࢥࣜࣥసືᛶ⚄⤒ཬࡧࢢࣝ

ࢱ࣑ࣥ㓟సືᛶ⚄⤒ࡢ㛵୚ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [36, 42]ࠋ

DNA

ࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢆྵࡴከᵝ࡞࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࡀ, ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆไᚚࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [79]ࠋ⣽⬊ࡢ⾲⌧ᆺ⥔ᣢࡢࡓࡵࡢ⣽⬊グ᠈࡜ࡋ࡚

DNA

ࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ

໬ࡢືⓗᛶ㉁ࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ [16], DNA ࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬࡜㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ㄪ⠇ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡣ, ┤᥋ⓗ

࡞㌿෗ㄪ⠇ᅉᏊࡢ

DNA

࡬ࡢ⤖ྜ㜼ᐖࡸ, ࢡ࣐ࣟࢳࣥจ㞟࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᘬࡁ⥆ࡃ㑇ఏᏊࢧ࢖ࣞࣥࢫ

ࢆㄏᑟࡍࡿ

HDAC

ࢆືဨࡍࡿ࣓ࢳࣝ໬

DNA

⤖ྜࢱࣥࣃࢡࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㛫᥋ⓗ࡞㌿෗ᢚไࡀぢฟ ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞

DNA

ࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡣࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦࡢ

CpG

ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡟≉࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚

☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [40]ࠋ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࡣࡲࡔ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࡀ, ⎔ቃⓗ࡞

せᅉࡀ

DNA

ࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬◚⥢ࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺◊✲ࡶ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ [14], ⚄⤒Ⓨ㐩࡟ᑐࡍ

DNA

ࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ᫂☜໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࣐࢘ࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ㐩ᮇࡢ࣐ࣥ࢞ࣥ (Mn) ࡢ

᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡾ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴ୙ྍ㏫ᛶࡢᾏ㤿ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢฟ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ [86], ṑ≧ᅇ࡛ࡢ

CpG

࢔࢖ࣛࣥࢻ࣐࢖ࢡࣟ࢔ࣞ࢖ゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ, type-1

⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡛ࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࢆ♧ࡍ㑇ఏᏊࡀྠᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [86,

87]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ,

2

❶࡛ぢฟࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡞, ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋࡓ㞀ᐖᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢚ࣆࢤ

37

ࣀ࣒ẘᛶࡢ㛵୚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣࡲࡔ࡞࠸ࠋ

3

❶࡛ࡣ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࢆ௓ࡋࡓ⚄⤒᪂⏕␗ᖖࡢゎ᫂ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚, ࢤࣀ࣒᝟ሗ ࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞࣐࢘ࢫࢆ⏝࠸࡚, ᪤࡟⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࢆぢฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

HCP

ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࢆ⾜࠸, ᾏ㤿 ṑ≧ᅇ࡛ࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏᏊࡢゎᯒࢆ, ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒἲࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚⣴ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ

࡟, ぢฟࡉࢀࡓ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏᏊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウ ࡋࡓࠋ

38

ᮦᮦᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ᪉ἲ

໬Ꮫ≀㉁ཬࡧ౪ヨື≀

HCP (CAS. No. 70-30-4)

MP Biomedicals

♫ࡼࡾ㉎ධࡋࡓࠋ24༉ࡢዷፎ

ICR

࣐࢘ࢫࢆዷፎ

1

᪥┠࡛

SLC

ᰴᘧ఍♫ (὾ᯇ) ࡼࡾ㉎ධࡋࡓࠋዷፎ࣐࢘ࢫࡣศፔᚋ

22

᪥ࡲ࡛,  ᗘ

23s3r

C,

‵ᗘ

55s15%,

↷᫂ࢧ࢖ࢡࣝ

12

᫬㛫᫂/12᫬㛫ᬯ᮲௳࡛ಶู࡟㣫⫱ࡋࡓࠋ

HCP

ᢞ୚㛤ጞࡲ

࡛ࡣ㣫⫱ᮇ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚, ⢊ᮎ

MF (࢚࢜ࣜࣥࢱࣝ㓝ẕᕤᴗ,

ᮾி) ࠾ࡼࡧ㣧ᩱỈࡢ⮬⏤࡟ᦤྲྀ

ࡉࡏࡓࠋฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥ (ฟ⏕᪥ࢆ

0

᪥࡜ࡍࡿ) ௨㝆, Ꮚື≀ࡣ

3㹼4

༉㸭ࢣ࣮ࢪ࡛, ⢊ᮎ

MF

ࡼࡧ㣧ᩱỈࡢ⮬⏤ᦤྲྀୗ࡛㣫⫱ࡋࡓࠋ

ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ

Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶヨ㦂࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥグ㍕ࡢື≀ᩘཬࡧ᭚㟢ࢫࢣࢪ࣮ࣗࣝ࡟ᚑ࠸, ஺㓄࣐࢘ࢫࢆ

ྛ⩌

12

༉ࡢ

2

⩌࡟ศࡅ, 0, 100 ppmࡢ

HCP

ࢆྵࡴ⢊ᮎ

MF

ࢆዷፎ

6

᪥┠࠿ࡽศፔᚋ

21

᪥┠ࡲ

࡛ᦤྲྀࡉࡏࡓࠋᮏᐇ㦂࡛ࡣฟ⏕ᚋ

3

᪥┠࡟㛫ᘬࡁࢆ⾜࠸, ྛẕື≀࡟

8

༉ࡢᏊື≀࡜࡞ࡿࡼ

࠺㞝Ꮚື≀ࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟๭ࡾᙜ࡚, ୙㊊ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㞤Ꮚື≀ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡚Ꮚ≀ᩘࢆㄪᩚࡋࡓࠋ ᛶ࿘ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫࢸࣟ࢖ࢻ࣍ࣝࣔࣥࡢ࿘ᮇⓗኚື࡟ࡼࡾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ᪂⏕ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ[67], 㞝Ꮚື≀ࡢࡳࢆゎᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥࡟,

ྛ⩌

10

༉ࡢ㞝Ꮚື≀ (1༉/ẕື≀) ࢆච␿⤌⧊Ꮫⓗ᳨ウࡢࡓࡵ, CO2

/O

2㯞㓉ୗ࡛ị෭ࡋࡓ

4%

PFA㸭0.1M

ࣜࣥ㓟ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮ (pH 7.4) ࡟ࡼࡾ℺ὶᅛᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ (ὶ㏿

10 mL㸭ศ)ࠋ㑇ఏᏊ

Ⓨ⌧ゎᯒࡢࡓࡵ, 㞝Ꮚື≀ (2㹼3༉/ẕື≀) ࡣ, CO2

/O

2㯞㓉ୗ࡛ᨺ⾑Ṛࡉࡏࡓᚋ, ⬻ࢆ᥇ᮦࡋ ࡓࠋẕື≀ཬࡧ㞤Ꮚື≀ࡣ, ࡑࢀࡒࢀฟ⏘࣭ฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥࡟

CO

2

/O

2㯞㓉ୗ࡛ᨺ⾑ࡋࡓࠋ

ṧࡾࡢᏊື≀ࡣ, ฟ⏕ᚋ

77

᪥┠ࡲ࡛

HCP

ࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸㏻ᖖ㣫ᩱ࡟ࡼࡾ㣫⫱ࡋࡓࠋฟ⏕ᚋ

77

᪥࡟, ච␿⤌⧊Ꮫⓗ᳨ウࡢࡓࡵ, ྛ⩌

10

༉ࡢ㞝Ꮚື≀ (1༉/ẕື≀) ࢆ

CO

2

/O

2㯞㓉ୗ࡛ị෭ ࡋࡓ

4% PFA㸭0.1M

ࣜࣥ㓟ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮ (pH 7.4) ࡟ࡼࡾ℺ὶᅛᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ (ὶ㏿

10 mL㸭ศ)ࠋ

㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒࡢࡓࡵ, 㞝Ꮚື≀ (2㹼3༉/ẕື≀) ࡣ, CO2

/O

2㯞㓉ୗ࡛ᨺ⾑Ṛࡉࡏࡓᚋ, ⬻ࢆ

᥇ᮦࡋࡓࠋື≀ᐇ㦂ィ⏬ࡣ, ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲேᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫࡢື≀ᐇ㦂೔⌮ጤဨ఍࡟ᥦฟࡋ࡚ᢎ

39

ㄆࢆཷࡅ, ື≀㣫⫱, ⟶⌮࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ, ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲே ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫࡢᐇ㦂ྲྀᢅ࠸೔⌮つᐃ࡟

ᚑࡗࡓࠋ

DNA

ཬཬࡧ

RNA

ᢳฟ

࣓ࢳࣝ໬ゎᯒࡢࡓࡵ, ฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠ཬࡧ

77

᪥┠ࡢ㞝Ꮚື≀ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

DNA

ཬࡧ

RNA

ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓࠋ4% PFA㸭0.1M ࣜࣥ㓟ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮ (pH 7.4) ℺ὶᅛᐃࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸㞝Ꮚື≀

ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚, ⬻ᶆᮏࢆ࣓ࢱ࣮࢝ࣥᅛᐃᾮ࡟ࡼࡾᅛᐃࡋࡓ [4] ࠋ࣓ࢱ࣮࢝ࣥᅛᐃ⬻ᶆᮏࢆ⏝

࠸࡚, ኱⬻ࡢ

bregma

ࡢᚋ᪉⣙-2.2 mm (⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠) ཬࡧ-2.8 mm (⏕ᚋ

77

᪥┠) ࡢ

2 mm

ཌษ

∦ࡼࡾ⏕᳨ࢺࣞࣃࣥ (KAI ࢖ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜࢬᰴᘧ఍♫, ᒱ㜧) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㒊ศࢆ᥇

ྲྀࡋࡓࠋ0ཬࡧ

100 ppm

⩌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, All-prep DNA/RNA mini kit (Qiagen) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚

DNA

ཬࡧ

total RNA

ࢆᢳฟࡋࡓ (N = 6/⩌)ࠋᢳฟࡋࡓ

DNA

ࡣ, ࣓ࢳࣝᇶ≉␗ⓗḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ,

࣓ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗᐃ㔞

PCR

ゎᯒཬࡧࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋᢳฟࡋࡓ

RNA

ࡣ, ࣜ࢔

ࣝࢱ࢖࣒

RT-PCR

࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋ

࣓ࢳࣝᇶ≉␗ⓗḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ

⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠ࡢᏊື≀࠿ࡽᢳฟࡋࡓࢤࣀ࣒

DNA

ࢆ㉸㡢Ἴ◚○⿦⨨ (Bioruptor UCD-250;

Cosmo Bio CO. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚᩿∦໬ࡋ, EpiXploreTM

Methylated DNA Enrichment kit (Clontech Laboratories, Inc., Mountain View, Canada)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ metyl-CpG binding domain 2 protein (MBD2) ࡟ࡼࡿ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ DNA

ࡢ⃰⦰ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⥆࠸࡚, DNA NEB®

Next ChIP-Seq Library Prep Master Mix Set for Illumina

®

(New England Biolabs, Inc., Ipswich, MA, USA)

ࢆ⏝࠸

࡚࣓ࢳࣝ໬

DNA

ࣛ࢖ࣈࣛࣜࡢస〇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬

DNA

ࣛ࢖ࣈࣛࣜࢆ⏝࠸࡚, Miseq

Sequencing System (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA)

࡟ࡼࡿࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ, ᚓ

ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ

Strand NGS next generation sequencing analysis software (Strand Genomics, Inc.,

San Francisco, CA)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋゎᯒ᮲௳ࡣ, ㌿෗㛤ጞⅬࡼࡾ

1000

ሷᇶᑐୖὶࡢࣉࣟࣔ

࣮ࢱ࣮㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

CpG

ࢧ࢖ࢺ࡛, ᑐ↷⩌࡟ẚࡋ

5

ಸ௨ୖࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ㑇ఏᏊࢆ

ᢳฟࡍࡿࡼ࠺タᐃࡋࡓࠋ

40

㐣㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ೃ⿵㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ

ฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥ཬࡧ

77

᪥┠ࡢᏊື≀ࡢᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣓ࢳࣝᇶ≉␗ⓗḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥ

ࢫゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㑅ฟࡉࢀࡓ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ೃ⿵㑇ఏᏊࡢ

mRNA

Ⓨ⌧㔞ࢆࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒

RT-PCR

ࢆ⏝

࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋᢳฟࡋࡓ

2 μg

total RNA

࠿ࡽ

SuperScript

®

III Reverse Transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ cDNA

ࢆྜᡂࡋࡓࠋPCR ཯ᛂࡣ

SYBR

®

Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) ࢆ⏝࠸, Step One Plus™ Real-time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

࡟࡚

,

〇㐀ඖࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥ࣮ࣝ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮ࡣ

Primer Express software (Version 3.0; Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚タィࡋ, Table 3-1࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋྛ㑇ఏᏊࡢ

mRNA

Ⓨ⌧㔞ࡣ, ෆᅉᛶࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚

hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt)

ࡲ ࡓࡣ

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh)

C

T್ࢆྠ᫬࡟⟬ฟࡋ, 0 ppm⩌࡜ࡢ

ΔΔC

T್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ [50]ࠋ

࣓ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗᐃ㔞

PCR

ゎᯒ

࣓ࢳࣝ໬ೃ⿵㑇ఏᏊࡢ୰࠿ࡽ, mRNA Ⓨ⌧㔞ࡢୗ᪉ไᚚࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, ࣓ ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗᐃ㔞

PCR

ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠ࡢᏊື≀࠿ࡽᢳฟࡋࡓࢤࣀ࣒

DNA

ࢆ㉸㡢Ἴ

◚○⿦⨨ (Bioruptor UCD-250) ࢆ⏝࠸࡚᩿∦໬ࡋ, ⇕࡟ࡼࡾኚᛶࡉࡏࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ, ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺ

࡜ࡋ࡚

20㸣ࡢ DNA

ࢆ-20Υ࡟ಖᏑࡋ, ṧࡾࢆ

EpiXplore

TM

Methylated DNA Enrichment kit (Clontech Laboratories, Inc.)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ metyl-CpG binding domain 2 protein (MBD2)

࡟ࡼࡿ࣓ࢳࣝ

DNA

ࡢ⃰⦰ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

DNA

㔞ࢆᥞ࠼ࡓ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺࢧࣥࣉࣝཬࡧ⃰⦰ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚, ࣉ

࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦࡢᶆⓗ

CpG

ࢧ࢖ࢺࢆྵࡴቑᖜ཯ᛂࢆ

StepOnePlus Real-time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜࠸, ቑᖜ཯ᛂ᭤⥺ࡣ

Power SYBR

®

Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ฟࡋࡓࠋ

Table 3-2

࡟♧ࡍ࣓ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗᐃ㔞

PCR

⏝ࡢࣉࣛ

࢖࣐࣮ࡣ, Methyl Primer Express software Ver. 1.0 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) ཬࡧ

Primer Express software Ver. 3.0 (Supplementary Table 3; Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚タィࡋࡓࠋᐃ㔞ࡣ, ẚ

Ct

ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜࠸, ࢖ࣥࣉࢵࢺ

DNA

࡜࣓ࢳࣝ⃰⦰

DNA

Ct

್ࡢᕪ࠿ࡽ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ

41

ࣃࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ

CpG

ࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ẚ⋡ࢆ

PyroMark Q24 pyrosequencing system (Qiagen)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋ

ࡓࠋ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠ཬࡧ

7

᪥┠ࡢᢳฟࡋࡓࢤࣀ࣒

DNA 10 ng

EpiTect

®

Plus DNA Bisulfite kit

(Qiagen)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࣂ࢖ࢧࣝࣇ࢓࢖ࢺኚ᥮ࡋ,

ࢧ࣮࣐ࣝࢧ࢖ࢡࣛ̿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ቑṪࡋࡓࠋࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚

ࣥࢫ཯ᛂࡣ

PyroMark Gold Q24 reagents (Qiagen)

⏝࠸᳨࡚ฟࡋࡓࠋ

Table 3-3

࡟♧ࡍࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ࣮

ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ⏝ࡢࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮ࡢタィཬࡧ

CpG

ࢧ࢖ࢺࡢ࣓ࢳࣝ໬ẚ⋡ࡢゎᯒࡣ

Pyrosequencing Assay Design software Ver. 2.0 (Supplementary Table 4; Qiagen)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

ච␿⤌⧊໬Ꮫⓗゎᯒ

4% PFA㸭0.1M

ࣜࣥ㓟ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮ (pH 7.4) ℺ὶᅛᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥ཬࡧ

77

᪥ࡢ㞝Ꮚ

ື≀ཪࡣ㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢ື≀࠿ࡽ⬻ࢆ᥇ྲྀࡋ

,

ྠࡌᅛᐃᾮࢆ⏝࠸୍࡚᫨ኪᅛᐃࡋࡓࠋ኱⬻ࡢ

bregma

ࡢᚋ᪉⣙-3.0 mmཪࡣ-3.5 mmࡢ

1

࢝ᡤ࡛ෙ≧๭㠃ࢆస〇ࡋ࡚, ࡉࡽ࡟

4% PFA㸭0.1M

ࣜࣥ㓟ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮ (pH 7.4) ࣂࢵࣇ࢓୍࣮࡛᫨ኪᅛᐃࡋࡓࠋ๓ᚋࡢᑐ⛠㠃 (2 ษ㠃) ࡀⷧษ㠃

࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࣥໟᇙࡋ, 3 μmཌࡢ㐃⥆ษ∦ࢆస〇ࡋࡓࠋษ∦ࡣ

Table 3-4

࡟♧ࡋࡓ᮲

௳࡛௨ୗࡢྛศᏊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢠయࢆ⏝࠸࡚ච␿ᰁⰍࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋゎᯒࡣ, 㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ

᳨࡚ฟࡉࢀࡓ

DLX4, DMRT1

ཬࡧ

PLCB4

ࡢ௚, GABAᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ

GAD67 [30],

ࢢࣝࢱ࣑ࣥ㓟ཷᐜయࡢࢧࣈࢱ࢖ࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ

glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 [GRM1, 55]ཬࡧ

ࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ

ARC [27] ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࢩࢢࢼ᳨ࣝฟࡣ VECTASTAIN

ט

Elite ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories Inc., Burlingame, CA, USA)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚〇㐀ඖࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥ࣮ࣝ

࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋ, ච␿཯ᛂࡣ

DAB/H

2

O

2ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ྍど໬ࡋࡓᚋ, ࣐࣊ࢺ࢟ࢩࣜࣥ࡟ࡼࡾᑐẚᰁ Ⰽࡋࡓࠋ⬺ࣃࣛࣇ࢕ࣥࡣ

0.3 v/v %㐣㓟໬Ỉ⣲Ỉࢆྵࡴ࣓ࢱࣀ࣮ࣝ⁐ᾮ(ᐊ , 30

ศ)ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ඹⓎ⌧ゎᯒࡢࡓࡵ, ྠ୍ⷧษ㠃ࢆᣢࡘษ∦࡟ࡼࡿゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ

ࢩࢼࣉࢫ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ

ฟ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥ཬࡧ

77

᪥┠ࡢᏊື≀ࡢᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࡢ

42

mRNA

Ⓨ⌧㔞ࢆࣜ࢔ࣝࢱ࢖࣒

RT-PCR

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゎᯒࡋࡓࠋᢳฟࡋࡓ

2 μg

total RNA

࠿ࡽ

SuperScript

®

III Reverse Transcriptase (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚

cDNA

ࢆྜᡂࡋࡓࠋ

PCR

཯ᛂࡣ

SYBR

®

Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific) ࢆ⏝࠸, Step One Plus™

Real-time PCR System (Thermo Fisher Scientific)

࡟࡚, 〇㐀ඖࡢࣉࣟࢺࢥ࣮ࣝ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋ ࡓࠋࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮ࡣ

Primer Express software (Version 3.0; Thermo Fisher Scientific)

ࢆ⏝࠸࡚タィࡋ,

Table 3-1

࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋྛ㑇ఏᏊࡢ

mRNA

Ⓨ⌧㔞ࡣ, ෆᅉᛶࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚

hypoxanthine

phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt)

ࡲࡓࡣ

glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh)

C

T

್ࢆྠ᫬࡟⟬ฟࡋ, 0 ppm⩌࡜ࡢ

ΔΔC

T್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ [50]ࠋ

⤫⤫ィゎᯒ

㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ⤖ᯝཬࡧච␿⤌⧊໬ᏛᰁⰍ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢺᩘࡣ⩌ᖹᆒཬࡧᶆ

‽೫ᕪࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ⤫ィᏛⓗゎᯒࡣ, 㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ⤖ᯝཬࡧ㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, 2⩌㛫ࡢ ẚ㍑࡛⾜࠸, ྛ⩌ࡢศᩓࢆ

F

᳨ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾẚ㍑ࡋ, ➼ศᩓࡢሙྜࡣ

Student

t

᳨ᐃ, ୙➼ศᩓࡢ

ሙྜࡣ

Aspin-Welch

t

᳨ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ

0 ppm

⩌࡜ྛᢞ୚⩌࡜ࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ

43

⤖⤖ ᯝ

ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏᏊࡢ᥈⣴

ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ, ㌿෗㛤ጞⅬࡼࡾ

1000 bp

ୖὶࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦ࡛, 5ಸ ௨ୖࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ

19

㑇ఏᏊࢆ≉ᐃࡋࡓ [Table 3-5]ࠋ

ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ゎᯒ

ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ, 㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ19㑇ఏᏊࡢෆ, Dmrt1, Gsdma3, Mms19,

Vmn1r90, Adgrl3, Dlx4, Fign, Maz, Plcb4ཬࡧReps1ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀ,

⏕ᚋ21᪥┠ࡢᾏ㤿࡛ῶᑡࡋࡓ

[Fig. 3-1]ࠋࡑࡢ௚, Cdkl4, Mafg, Mcur1, Nusap1, Rasal2, Spsb1, Tex14, Trim62ཬࡧVps37aࡢⓎ⌧࡟

ኚືࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ [Table 3-6]ࠋ

⏕ᚋ77᪥┠࡛ࡣ, Dlx4ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀῶᑡࡋ, FignཬࡧPlcb4ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀቑຍࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ௚, Adgrl3,

Dmrt1, Gsdma3, Maz, Mms19, Reps1ཬࡧVmn1r90ࡢⓎ⌧࡟ኚືࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

࣓ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗ

PCR

ἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡢࣂࣜࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥゎᯒ

㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢῶᑡࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ

10

㑇ఏᏊࡢෆ, Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4ཬࡧ

Reps1

ࡢࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ

࣮㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ [Fig. 3-2]ࠋ

Adgrl3

ཬࡧ

Vmn1r90

ࣉࣛ࢖࣐࣮タィࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶

ࡗࡓࡓࡵᐇ᪋ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

ࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫἲ࡟ࡼࡿ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ሷᇶࡢ≉ᐃ

ࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ

Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4

ཬࡧ

Reps1

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, 㐣

࣓ࢳࣝ໬ሷᇶࡢ≉ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠࡛ࡣ, Dlx4ࡢ

1

␒ࡢሷᇶ, Dmrt1ࡢ

3

␒ཬࡧ

5

␒ࡢ ሷᇶ, Plcb4ࡢ

3

␒ࡢሷᇶࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ [Fig. 3-3ཬࡧ

3-4]ࠋ

⏕ᚋ

77

᪥࡛ࡣ, Dlx4ࡢ

9

␒ཬࡧ

16

␒ࡢሷᇶ,

Dmrt1

1

␒ཬࡧ

2

␒ࡢሷᇶࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡀ☜

ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

44

චච␿⤌⧊ᏛⓗᰁⰍἲ࡟ࡼࡿศᕸゎᯒ

ࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡀ≉ᐃࡉࢀࡓ

Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4

࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, ච␿⤌⧊໬Ꮫⓗ

ᰁⰍἲ࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࡛ࡢศᏊ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢⓎ⌧ศᕸࢆゎᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ, ࠸ࡎࢀࡢⓎ⌧ศᏊࡶ

ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊࡛Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ [Fig. 3-5]ࠋࡲࡓ, ඹⓎ⌧ゎᯒ࡛ࡣ, ࠸ࡎࢀ

ࡢศᏊࡶ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ

GAD67

࡜ඹⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ⣽⬊ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟, ṑ≧ᅇ㛛࡛ࡢⓎ⌧⣽⬊ᩘࢆゎᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ, ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠࡟࠾࠸࡚, DLX4, DMRT1,

PLCB4

ཬࡧ

GAD67

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊ᩘࡀᑐ↷⩌࡟ẚࡋ, ᭷ព࡟ῶᑡࡋࡓ [Fig. 3-6]ࠋ⏕ᚋ

77

᪥┠࡛ࡣ, ኚືࡣᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࠋ

PLCB4

࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ, GRM1࡜ࡢඹⓎ⌧ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ [Fig.3-7]ࠋࡉࡽ࡟, ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠ࡢ

GCL

ARC

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊ᩘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࠋ⏕ᚋ

77

᪥┠࡛ࡣ, ኚືࡣᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࠋ

ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇࡢࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊ

⏕ᚋ21᪥┠࡛ࡣ, Stx4a , Dlg4, Gabbr1ཬࡧGabra1ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀῶᑡࡋࡓ [Table 3-7]ࠋGabbr2,

Gabrb2, Homer1ཬࡧSypࡢⓎ⌧ࡣኚືࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⏕ᚋ77᪥┠࡛ࡣ, Gabbr2, Gabra1ཬࡧGabrb2

ࡢⓎ⌧ࡀቑຍ, Homer1ཬࡧStx4aࡢⓎ⌧ࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࠋDlg4, Gabbr1ཬࡧSypࡢⓎ⌧ࡣኚືࡋ࡞࠿

ࡗࡓࠋ

45

⪃⪃ ᐹ

ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ, HCPࢆⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡋࡓᏊື≀ࡢᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࠿ࡽ

DNA

ࢆᢳฟࡋ, 㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏ Ꮚࢆḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚⣴ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ, ㌿෗㛤ጞⅬ࠿ࡽ

1000

ሷᇶᑐୖὶࡢࣉ

࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦ࡛㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢆㄏⓎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

19

㑇ఏᏊࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢෆ, 㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡀప

ୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡣ

10

㑇ఏᏊ࠶ࡾ, ࡉࡽ࡟࣓ࢳࣝ≉␗ⓗ

PCR

ゎᯒཬࡧࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎ ᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ሷᇶࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡓࡢࡣ, Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4ࡢ

3

㑇ఏᏊ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㑇ఏᏊࡢච␿⤌⧊໬ᏛⓗᰁⰍἲ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ⌧ศᕸゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ,

DLX4, DMRT1, PLCB4

㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ࡣᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊࡟ᒁᅾࡋ, ࣑࣮ࣛษ∦ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓゎᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ,

ࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ

GAD67

ࢆඹⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ඲࡚ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡀ

GAD67

ࢆⓎ⌧ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ [30], GAD67 ࢆඹⓎ⌧ࡋࡓ

DLX4,

DMRT1, PLCB4

㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ࡣ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥᵝࡢ⣽⬊࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ⯆࿡῝࠸

ࡇ࡜࡟, ௨๓ࡢ

HCP

Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣ, ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥᣦᶆ

࡛࠶ࡿ

RELN, PVALB, CALB2

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊ࡣῶᩘࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ [41], DLX4, DMRT1, PLCB4

ཬࡧ

GAD67

㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ࡢ⏕ᚋ

21

᪥┠࡛ῶᩘࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ

HCP

ࡣ, ࣑࢚ࣜࣥ㠧ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ๣࡛࠶ࡾ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮚື≀ࡢ⬻࡛࣑࢚ࣜࣥࡢ

✵⬊ኚᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [41]ࠋᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡣ㍈⣴࡟࣑࢚ࣜࣥࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ

[46], GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡋࡓᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿእ㒊࠿ࡽࡢ⚄⤒

⣽⬊ࡣ㍈⣴࡟࣑࢚ࣜࣥࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ [39], HCP ࡢ᭚㟢ࡣᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍ

ࡿእ㒊࠿ࡽࡢ⚄⤒⣽⬊ࡢ࣑࢚ࣜࣥ㠧ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋ, ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࢆㄏⓎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀ

ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ࡶ, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡀᾏ㤿୰㝸᰾⤒㊰࠿ࡽ㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡸ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗ

ࣟࣥ࡟ᢞᑕࡍࡿࢥࣜࣥసືᛶ⚄⤒ࡢ࣑࢚ࣜࣥ㠧ࢆ✵⬊໬ࡋ, ⚄⤒ఏ㐩㏿ᗘࢆ㐜ࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺

ࡇ࡜ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ[41]ࠋࢢࣝࢱ࣑ࣥ㓟సືᛶ⚄⤒ࡢᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࡶࡲࡓሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [41]ࠋ ௨ୖࡼࡾ, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࡢㄪ⠇⚄⤒⣔ࡢയᐖ࡟ࡣ, GABAᛶ

௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ

Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4

㑇ఏᏊࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚື࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⌧ῶᑡࡀ, ┤᥋ⱝ ࡋࡃࡣ㛫᥋ⓗ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

46

DLX4

ࡣ, distal-less homeobox genesࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ, Dlx1/Dlx2ࡢ࣑࣮ࣗࢱࣥࢺ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣ, ⬻ ࡢᵝࠎ࡞㡿ᇦ࡛

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢῶᩘࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [66]ࠋࡇࡢῶᩘ࡟ࡣ, ᮍ⇍

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ⤊⬻⓶㉁࠿ࡽ኱⬻⓶㉁࡬ࡢỈᖹ⛣ື㞀ᐖࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃

࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [7]ࠋᚑࡗ࡚, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࢆ௓ࡋࡓ

Dlx4

ࡢῶ ᑡࡀ, ᮍ⇍࡞

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢỈᖹ⛣ື㞀ᐖࢆㄏⓎࡉࡏࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍

᪉࡛, ⫾⏕ᖿ⣽⬊࡟

Dlx4

㑇ఏᏊࢆⓎ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛

GABA67

ศᏊࢆⓎ⌧ࡍࡿ

GABA

ᛶࢽࣗ

࣮ࣟࣥᵝࡢ⣽⬊ࡀㄏᑟࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [83]ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ, HCP ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟

ࡼࡾᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ

GAD67

㝧ᛶ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡀῶᩘࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚, HCPࡢⓎ

㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ

Dlx4

㑇ఏᏊࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚື࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⌧ῶᑡࡀ

GABA

ᛶࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡬

ࡢศ໬ࢆᢚไࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡣᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆㄪ⠇ࡍࡿࢥࣜࣥసືᛶධຊࢆཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ [92], HCP ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡾࢥࣜࣥస

ືᛶධຊཷᐜయ㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ῶᑡࡶ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ [41]ࠋDlx ࣇ࢓࣑࣮ࣜ㑇ఏᏊࡢᶵ⬟ⓗ࡞⚄

⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, Dlx1/Dlx2ཬࡧ

Dlx5/Dlx6

ࡢ࣑࣮ࣗࢱࣥࢺ࣐࢘ࢫ࡛ࡣ, ഃ⬻ᐊୗᖏ࡛

ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡛ࡢศ໬␗ᖖࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [66]ࠋDLX4 ࡢᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᶵ⬟ⓗ

࡞㛵୚ࡢሗ࿌ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ

DLX4

㝧ᛶ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢῶᩘ

ࡀ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆᢚไࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡀ

type-2

๓ 㥑⣽⬊ࡢቑṪཬࡧศ໬ࢆไᚚࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [84]ࠋᚑࡗ࡚, ௨๓ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

HCP

ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ

type-2a

ཬࡧ

type-2b

๓㥑⣽⬊ࡢῶᩘࡣ, DLX4㝧ᛶ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ

࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢῶᩘ࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

PLCB4

ࡣ, ࣐࢘ࢫᑠ⬻࡛௦ㅰᆺࢢࣝࢱ࣑ࣥ㓟ཷᐜయ࡛࠶ࡿ

GRM1

ࡢᵝ࡞

G

ࢱࣥࣃࢡඹᙺᆺ

ཷᐜయࡢࢭ࢝ࣥࢻ࣓ࢵࢭࣥࢪ࣮ࣕ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛ࢫࣇ࢓ࢳࢪࣝ࢖ࣀࢩࢺ࣮ࣝࢽࣜࣥ㓟࠿ࡽࢪ࢔ࢩ ࢢࣜࢭ࣮ࣟࣝ࡜࢖ࣀࢩࢺ࣮ࣝ୕ࣜࣥ㓟ࡢ⏕ᡂ⤒㊰ࢆゐ፹ࡍࡿ [55]ࠋᙜ◊✲ᐊࡢࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢሗ

࿌࡛, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡀᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇࡢ

Grm1

㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

[41]ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ,

ṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊ࡢ

PLCB4

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊࡟

GRM1

ࡀඹⓎ⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ,

PLCB4

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊ᩘࡀṑ≧ᅇ㛛㒊࡛ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ, HCP ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡀ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ

GRM1-PLCB4

࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡉ

47

ࡽ࡟, ⸆⌮Ꮫⓗ࡟

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿཷᐜయࡢ

GRM1

GRM5

ࢆ㜼ᐖࡍ

ࡿࡇ࡜࡛, ࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶࡢᢚไࢆ௓ࡋࡓ㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡢ㛗ᮇቑᙉࢆᾘኻࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ

࡚࠸ࡿ [28]ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊ᒙ࡛ࡢ

ARC

Ⓨ⌧⣽⬊ࡀῶᩘࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ

Arc

ࡣ, IEGࡢ୍ࡘ

࡛࠶ࡾ⚄⤒ྍረᛶࡢ᭱ึࡢẁ㝵࡛ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿ [27]ࠋࡲࡓ, 㞳ங᫬࡟

Dlg4, Gabbr1, Gabra1

ཬࡧ

Stx4a

࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢩࢼࣉࢫ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ⌧ῶᑡࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, HCPⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟

ࡼࡿࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶࡢపୗࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡾ, GABAᛶ௓ᅾ ࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ

GRM1-PLCB4

ࡢᶵ⬟◚⥢࡜ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺ࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶࡢపୗࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

DMRT1

ࡣ, DNA⤖ྜࢻ࣓࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ

DM

ࢻ࣓࢖ࣥࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࣇ࢓࣑࣮ࣜࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ, ⏕Ṫ

⣽⬊ศ໬ࡸ᭷⣒ศ⿣ཬࡧከ⬟ᛶ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [82]ࠋ⫾⏕ᖿ⣽⬊࡟

DMRT1

ࢆ㐣๫Ⓨ⌧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ, ⚄⤒ᵝࡢ⣽⬊࡟ศ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [89]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ,

DMRT1

࡜⚄⤒᪂⏕ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ, ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ, HCP

ࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ

DMRT1

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮࡛ࣗࣟࣥࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࢆ௓ࡋࡓⓎ

⌧ῶᑡࡣ, GABAᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡬ࡢศ໬ᢚไ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

48

ᑠᑠ ᣓ

3

❶࡛ࡣ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࣉ࣮ࣟࣔࢱ࣮㡿ᇦࡢ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓ⚄⤒

᪂⏕㞀ᐖ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㑇ఏᏊ᥈⣴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ஺㓄ᚋࡢ㞤࣐࢘ࢫ࡟

HCP

0

ཬࡧ

100 ppm

ࡢ⃰ᗘ࡛

ዷፎ

6

᪥┠࠿ࡽฟ⏘ᚋ

21

᪥┠ࡢ㞳ங᫬ࡲ࡛㣧Ỉᢞ୚ࡋ, 100 ppm᭚㟢Ꮚື≀ࡢᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇ࡛

㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㑇ఏᏊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ḟୡ௦ࢩ࣮ࢡ࢚ࣥࢫゎᯒࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚⣴ࡋࡓࠋ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧

ࡀୗ᪉ไᚚࡉࢀࡿ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬㑇ఏᏊࢆೃ⿵㑇ఏᏊ࡜ࡋ, ࣓ࢳࣝ໬≉␗ⓗ

PCR

ἲཬࡧࣃ࢖ࣟࢩ

࣮ࢣࣥࢫἲ࡟ࡼࡿࣂࣜࢹ࣮ࢩࣙࣥゎᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ, 㞳ங᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ࡋ ࡓ

Dlx4, Dmrt1, Plcb4

3

㑇ఏᏊࡀᚓࡽࢀ, ච␿⤌⧊໬Ꮫⓗゎᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ, ࡇࢀࡽࡢⓎ⌧ศᏊࡣ ṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ

GABA

సືᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡜ඹᒁᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ, 㞳ங᫬࡛ࡣ

DLX4, DMRT1

ཬࡧ

PLCB4

㝧ᛶ⣽⬊ᩘࡀῶᑡࡋࡓࡀ, ᡂ⇍ᚋ࡛ࡣᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟, 㞳ங᫬࡛

GCL

ARC

㝧ᛶᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ᩘࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ, ᾏ㤿ṑ≧ᅇࡢࢩࢼࣉࢫ㛵㐃㑇ఏᏊࡢⓎ

⌧ࡀ୙ྍ㏫ⓗ࡟ኚືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ, HCPࡢⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖ᫬࡟, DNAࡢ 㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ኚືࡣṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡟⏕ࡌ, 㛫᥋ⓗ࡟⚄

⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࣓ࢳࣝ໬࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓⓎ⌧ኚ໬ࡣᅇ᚟ࡋࡓࡀ, ⚄

⤒᪂⏕ᚋࡢࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᅇ᚟ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚື࡟ࡼࡿ

୙ྍ㏫ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

49

⥲⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ

MNU

ࢆ౛࡜ࡋࡓ

DNA

┤᥋ᦆയ࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, ᭚㟢᫬ᮇࢆ

ၥࢃࡎ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊࠿ࡽ

type-3

๓㥑⣽⬊ࡲ࡛ࡢቑṪάᛶࢆక࠺㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋ ࡓ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࢆ୺య࡜ࡍࡿ㞀ᐖ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ, MNUࡢ

DNA

യᐖస

⏝࡟㉳ᅉࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࡼࡾቑṪάᛶࡢ㧗࠸

type-2

ཬࡧ

type-3

๓㥑⣽⬊ࡢ ᪉ࡀയᐖࢆཷࡅࡸࡍࡃ, യᐖࡀ⵳✚ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ, ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫ࡟⮳ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓ [25]ࠋࡋ࠿

ࡋ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ㞳ங᫬࡟

type-2

ཬࡧ

type-3

๓㥑⣽⬊ࡀቑຍࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ, ⣽⬊യᐖ࡟

ᑐࡍࡿಖㆤཬࡧ௦ൾᛶࡢ཯ᛂࡀ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢቑṪάᛶࡀ㧗࠸Ⓨ㐩ᮇ࡛ࡳࡽࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽ

ࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ, ࡑࡢቑṪάᛶࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᶵᗎ࡜ࡋ࡚

GCL

ࡢᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡢ

COX2

Ⓨ⌧ࡢ㛵୚ࢆ

ぢฟࡋࡓ [54, 61]ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ, ᶆⓗ⣽⬊ࡢቑṪάᛶࡢ

⛬ᗘ࡟౫Ꮡࡋࡓ

MNU

࡬ࡢឤཷᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

୍᪉࡛, VPA ࢆ౛࡜ࡋࡓ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚື࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, ᭚㟢᫬ᮇࢆ

ၥࢃࡎ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢ㞀ᐖࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ

᭚㟢ࡢ㛫࡛㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ༶ࡕ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ᭚㟢┤ᚋ࡛࠶ࡿ㞳 ங᫬࡟, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚືࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ, 㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ᭚㟢ᚋ࡟

type-1

⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࡢቑຍཬࡧ

type-2, type-3

๓㥑⣽⬊ཬࡧᮍ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡢῶᑡࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ, 㞳ஙᚋ࡛ࡣ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢ

VPA

ཪࡣ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡟ᑐࡍ

ࡿឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ, ᭚㟢᫬ᮇࢆၥࢃࡎ

VPA

ࡣ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡟୺

࡟స⏝ࡋ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶࡢᶆⓗᛶࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ

┤᥋࡞࠸ࡋ㛫᥋ⓗ࡞㛵୚ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ

MNU

ཬࡧ

VPA

ࡢ᳨ウ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ, DNA┤᥋ᦆയㄏⓎ≀㉁࡜࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືㄏⓎ≀㉁ࡢ

Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜, ๓⪅࡛ࡣᗈ⠊࡞㢛⢏⣽

⬊⣔㆕ࡢศᕸኚືࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ, ᚋ⪅࡛ࡣ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗ

ࣟࣥࡢ㞀ᐖࡀ୺࡞స⏝࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋDNA┤᥋ᦆയ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚, ᨺᑕ⥺↷ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿᾏ 㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖ࡛ࡣ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡛ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞

DNA

യᐖࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿

50

ࡽ [52], MNUࡀ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࢆ┤᥋യᐖࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭 ኚື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ, VPA ࡟ࡼࡿ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡛ࡢ࢔ࢭࢳࣝ໬ࣄࢫࢺࣥࡢቑຍࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ [31], 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚືࢆண ࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ, ௒ᅇࡢ

VPA

Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡢ᳨ウ࡛ࡣ, ୺࡟ṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢศ ᕸኚືࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, VPAࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶࡀ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ

࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡶᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ࡢఇ⸆ᚋࡢᙳ㡪࡜ࡋ࡚, MNU࡛ࡣᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ࡀῶᑡ, VPA࡛ࡣᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊

ࡀቑຍࡋࡓࠋMNUࡣⓎ㐩ᮇࡢ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡾᑠ㢌⑕࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ [3, 45, 65], ୍ ᪉࡛, VPAࡣⓎ㐩ᮇࡢ᭚㟢ࡼࡾ኱㢌⑕࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿ [20, 47]ࠋ

MNU

࡛ࡣ, 㞳ங᫬࠿ࡽ

⬻㔜㔞ࡢప್, SGZ 㛗ࡢ▷⦰ཬࡧṑ≧ᅇ㠃✚ࡢ⦰ᑠࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ⫾⏕ᮇࡢ⬻Ⓨ㐩㐣⛬࡛

MNU

ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ, ᾏ㤿ᙧᡂࡢ๓ࡢẁ㝵࡛ᾏ㤿ࡢపᙧᡂࡀຓ㛗ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, ᾏ㤿௨እࡢ㒊఩࡛ࡶྠᵝ࡟పᙧᡂࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟ㄏⓎࡉࢀ, ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᑠ㢌⑕ᵝࡢᵓ㐀࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟

ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋఇ⸆ᚋ࡟㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀⓎ⌧ࡋࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ, DNAയᐖࡢ⵳✚

࡟ࡼࡿ

p21

Cip1/Waf1ࡢⓎ⌧ቑຍ࡟ࡼࡿ⣽⬊࿘ᮇ೵Ṇ⣽⬊ࡢቑຍࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ, SGZ࡛ࡢቑṪάᛶࡢ

ῶᑡ࡜ඹ࡟㢛⢏⣽⬊ᒙࡢ⳼ⷧ໬ࡀ㐍⾜ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉, VPA࡛ࡣ, 㞳ங᫬࡟኱⬻⓶㉁

ཬࡧᑠ⬻࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶṑ≧ᅇྠᵝ࡟

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡢῶᩘࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ⫾⏕ᮇࡢ

⬻Ⓨ㐩㐣⛬࡛ࡢ

VPA

ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ, ᾏ㤿ࡢ

GABA

ఏ㐩ᶵᵓࡢ㞀ᐖࡀㄏⓎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ,

VPA

᭚㟢୰ࡣ

VPA

ࡢస⏝࡟ࡼࡾ, GABA⃰ᗘࡀಖᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪 ࡣ㢧ᅾ໬ࡏࡎ, ఇ⸆ᚋ࡟

GABA

ఏ㐩㞀ᐖࡀ㢧ᅾ໬ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚, ᾏ㤿࡟

࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡜⬻඲యࡢᵓ㐀ࡢⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ┤᥋ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࡣྰᐃ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ, ឤ ᰁ࡟ࡼࡾᑠ㢌⑕ࡢⓎ⑕ሗ࿌ࡀ࠶ࡿࢪ࢝࢘࢖ࣝࢫࢆឤᰁࡉࡏࡓ࣐࢘ࢫࡢ

SGZ

࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶቑṪά ᛶࡢపୗࡸ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜[51], ཬࡧᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ᩘࡢኚື࡜⬻ᵓ㐀ࡢ

Ⓨ㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡟┦㛵ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, ᡂ⇍㢛⢏⣽⬊ᩘࡀ⬻ᙧᡂ␗ᖖࡢᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃

࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡿ

MNU

ཬࡧ

VPA

࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ

᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ, ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚືࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ, Ⓨ

51

㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚືࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓⓎ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀

㉁ࡢࣉࣟࣆࣝࢳ࢜࢘ࣛࢩࣝ࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ [73]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ, ࢡࣉࣜࢰࣥཬࡧࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮ࣝࡢࡼ

࠺࡞᪤▱ࡢᡂ⇍⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡟࠾࠸࡚ྠ୍ࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥࡢ⚄

⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [1, 2, 5, 6]ࠋⓎ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟ᑐࡍ

ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢᶆⓗᛶࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜, ࣉࣟࣆࣝࢳ࢜࢘ࣛࢩࣝཬࡧ

MNU

type-1

⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆ

ྵࡴ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕, VPAࡣṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮࡛ࣗࣟࣥ࠶ࡿ

ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ, ࢡࣉࣜࢰࣥཬࡧࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢศ໬ࡢᚋᮇࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㞳ஙᚋࡢ᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⬻ࡢᾏ㤿࡛ࡣ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢቑṪάᛶࡣ㞳ங๓

࡟ẚ࡭ప࠸ࡓࡵ [72], ࣉࣟࣆࣝࢳ࢜࢘ࣛࢩࣝཬࡧ

MNU

࡛ࡣࡇࡢቑṪάᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾⓎ㐩 ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚື࡜࡞ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ࡲࡓ, ṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࡣ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊࡟ᑐࡋ

࡚ቑṪ࣭ศ໬ࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿാࡁࡀ࠶ࡿ [75]ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ, VPAࡶ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥࢆ௓

ࡋ࡚

type-1

⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ

㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚື࡜࡞ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛, ᡂ⇍⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛࠶ࡿࢡࣉࣜ

ࢰࣥཬࡧࢢࣜࢩࢻ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢศ໬ࡢᚋᮇࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࡓࡵ, ቑṪάᛶࡢᙳ㡪 ࡀపࡃ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡟࠾࠸࡚ྠ୍ࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࢆㄏⓎࡋࡓ࡜⪃

࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋᚑࡗ࡚, ᭚㟢᫬ᮇࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ,

type-1

⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿࡶ

ࡢ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ

୍⯡ẘᛶヨ㦂ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾ࡅࡿⓎ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶࡢ᳨ฟᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ, 㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛⚄⤒᪂⏕

㞀ᐖࢆㄏⓎࡍࡿ≀㉁ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࢆ♧ࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ, Ⓨ㐩⚄

⤒ẘᛶㄏⓎᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚, Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛ࡣ

Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕,

⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔ཬࡧ㛵㐃ศᏊཬࡧ㑇ఏᏊࡢኚື࡞࡝ࡢᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕⎔ቃ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᏑᅾࡋ, ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ᳨࣮࡛ࣥฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ, ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࢆ㍈࡜ࡋࡓ⑓⌮Ⓨ⏕

࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓホ౯ࡣྍ⬟࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋⓎ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛ࡣ

type-1

⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿ

52

࠿ྰ࠿࡛㞀ᐖࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ༊ูࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࡀ, 㞀ᐖࡢ⛬ᗘཬࡧ✀㢮࡟㛵ࡋ࡚

ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀࡲࡔࡲࡔ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ௚, Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࡢάᛶ࡜ẘᛶឤཷ

ᛶࡢ㛵ಀ, ྛ✀ไᚚ⣔ࡢᡂ⇍ᗘྜ࠸࡟ࡼࡿឤཷᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡞࡝, ᳨ウࡍ࡭ࡁ㡯┠ࡀከ࠸ࠋ≉࡟ᗎ ㄽ࡛㏙࡭ࡓ⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ẘᛶࡢᠱᛕࡍ࡭ࡁⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚, 㑇ఏᏊࡢᵓ㐀ࡸᶵ⬟ࡢ㞀ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜

࡛, 㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟ᚑࡗࡓ⚄⤒ศ໬ᶵᵓࡢ◚⥢ࡀ⏕ࡌ, ⏕ᚋࡢ⚄⤒୰ᯡࡢ㧗ḟᶵ⬟

ᙧᡂ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ, ⑓⌮Ⓨ⏕࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓホ౯࡜グ᠈ࡸ⾜ື㞀ᐖᛶ࡜

ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᚑࡗ࡚, ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓⓎ㐩⚄

⤒ẘᛶホ౯ࡣ, ⌧ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㧗ḟࡢⓎ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶホ౯⣔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᭷⏝ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ドࡣ༑ศ࡛

ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ, ⚄⤒ẘᛶࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞໬ྜ≀ࡢⓎ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶホ౯ࢆ, ⑓⌮Ⓨ⏕࡟᰿ࡊ ࡋࡓ⡆᫆ⓗ࡞ࢫࢡ࣮ࣜࢽࣥࢢホ౯⣔࡜ࡋ࡚, ୍⯡ẘᛶヨ㦂ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ᐇ⏝໬࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ 㧗࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ

3

❶࡛♧ࡋࡓ

HCP

ࢆ౛࡜ࡋࡓᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐣࣓ࢳࣝ໬ไᚚ◚⥢ࡢ 㛵୚ࡢ᳨ウ࡛ࡣ, ṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡟Ⓨ⌧ࡍࡿ㑇ఏᏊࡢࡳ࡛, DNAࡢ㐣࣓

ࢳࣝ໬࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢୗ᪉ไᚚࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, HCP ࡟ࡼࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㒊఩࡛ࡢ࢚

ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶࡣ୺࡟⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡟ാࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋGABA ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ࡬

ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣᅇ᚟ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ, ⚄⤒᪂⏕ᚋࡢࢩࢼࣉࢫྍረᛶ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡋࡓຠᯝࡣ㑇ఏᏊⓎ⌧ࡢほ

Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡣ୙ྍ㏫ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚື࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ, 」ᩘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࡢ㞀 ᐖࡢ࢝ࢫࢣ࣮ࢻ࡟ࢫ࢖ࢵࢳࢆධࢀ, ࡑࡢ୍㒊ࡣᚋᡠࡾ࡛ࡁࡎ࡟୙ྍ㏫ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆṧࡋࡓྍ⬟

ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣑ࢡࢫࡢᐃ⩏ࡣ, DNAࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࡢኚ໬࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸㑇ఏᏊⓎ

⌧࡬ࡢಟ㣭࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ [16], 㞳ஙᚋࡢ᭚㟢ᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚືࡀ⏕ࡌ

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣ, ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࡀ

࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚືಟ㣭ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛, ⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࡢ㐠࿨ࢆኚ࠼, ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ࡜ࡋ

࡚ࡁࡓ [14]ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ, ㏆ᖺ, ⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ, ṇᖖ࡞⚄⤒᪂⏕࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡜

ࡉࢀࡿ⬻⏤᮶⚄⤒ᡂ㛗ᅉᏊ

Bdnf

ࡢⓎ⌧࡟ࡶ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚືࡢ㛵୚ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ [

91 ]ࠋᮏ

◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ᐇ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚, ⚄⤒᪂⏕ࡢไᚚࢆ⾜࠺

GABA

௓ᅾᛶࢽ࣮ࣗࣟࣥ

ࡢ୍㐣ⓗ࡞࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚື࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᭚㟢┤ᚋ࡟ぢฟࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ, 28 ᪥㛫཯᚟ᢞ୚

53

ヨ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢኚືࢆ᳨ฟ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋtype-1 ⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴ㢛⢏

⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢቑṪάᛶࡀⓎ㐩ᮇཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ࡛ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡀ[72], ไᚚ⣔࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡣⓎ㐩ᮇཬ ࡧ㞳ஙᚋ࡛ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚືಟ㣭࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊⓎ

⌧ไᚚᶵᵓࡢ◚⥢ࡢゎ᫂ࡀ, Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿⅭࡢゎᯒἲࡢᵓ⠏ࡢ୍ຓ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

54

⤖⤖ ㄽ

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ, MNUࢆ౛࡜ࡋࡓ

DNA

┤᥋ᦆയ࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓᾏ㤿ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, ⚄⤒ᖿ

⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴቑṪάᛶࢆక࠺㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡋࡓ࢔࣏ࢺ࣮ࢩࢫࢆ୺య࡜ࡋ, VPA ࢆ౛࡜

ࡋࡓ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ಟ㣭ኚື࡟㉳ᅉࡋࡓ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, ୺࡟⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔ࡢ㞀ᐖࢆ♧ࡋ ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, 㞀ᐖᶵᗎࡈ࡜࡟ᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ, യᐖᶵᗎ࡟᰿ᕪࡋࡓᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡢᩚ⌮ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋ

MNU

ཬࡧ

VPA

࡟ࡼࡿᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ, ␗

࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࡢኚືࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋയᐖᶵᗎ࡟ࡼࡾⓎ㐩ᮇ࡜㞳ஙᚋࡢቑṪά ᛶࡢ㐪࠸࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤཷᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ, type-1⚄⤒ᖿ⣽⬊ࢆྵࡴ㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕ࢆ

ᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ, ཬࡧ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔ࢆᶆⓗ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ࡛ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩ᮇ᭚㟢ཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛

ࡢᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢฟࡋࡓࠋ

Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶࡢ୍⯡ẘᛶヨ㦂ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡢ᳨ฟᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ, Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶ≀㉁࡛ࡶⓎ㐩 ᮇ᭚㟢࡜㞳ஙᚋ᭚㟢࡛ࡣ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࡀ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ, 㢛⢏⣽⬊⣔㆕,

⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔ཬࡧ㛵㐃ศᏊཬࡧ㑇ఏᏊࡢኚື࡞࡝ࡢᾏ㤿࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕⎔ቃ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᏑᅾࡋ, ␗࡞ࡿࣃࢱ᳨࣮࡛ࣥฟ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ, ⚄⤒᪂⏕㞀ᐖᛶࢆ㍈࡜ࡋࡓ⑓⌮Ⓨ⏕

࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓホ౯ࡣྍ⬟࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௒ᚋࡣ, ⑓⌮Ⓨ⏕࡟᰿ࡊࡋࡓホ౯࡜グ᠈ࡸ⾜ື㞀ᐖᛶ

࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛, 㧗ḟࡢ⚄⤒ᶵ⬟㞀ᐖࡢண ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶホ౯࡛ࡁࡿ

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ

HCP

࡟ࡼࡿ⚄⤒᪂⏕㒊఩࡛ࡢ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶࡣ୺࡟⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡟ാࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉ

ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ, VPAࡢ୺࡞ᶆⓗࡀṑ≧ᅇ㛛ࡢ⚄⤒᪂⏕ไᚚ⣔࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ẘᛶ ࡀ

GABA

ᛶ௓ᅾࢽ࣮࡛ࣗࣟࣥᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀぢฟࡉࢀࡓࠋไᚚ⣔࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡣⓎ㐩 ᮇཬࡧ㞳ஙᚋ࡛ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, ࢚ࣆࢤࣀ࣒ኚືಟ㣭࡟ࡼࡿ㑇ఏᏊ

Ⓨ⌧ไᚚᶵᵓࡢ◚⥢ࡢゎ᫂ࡀ, ୍⯡ẘᛶヨ㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⓨ㐩⚄⤒ẘᛶࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿⅭࡢゎᯒἲࡢ ᵓ⠏ࡢ୍ຓ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

55

ㅰㅰ ㎡

ᮏ✏ࢆ⤊࠼ࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ, ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㏲⾜࡟㝿ࡋ࡚⤊ጞᚚᣦᑟ, ᚚ㠴᧡ࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ

኱Ꮫ㝔㐃ྜ⋇་Ꮫ◊✲⛉࡞ࡽࡧ࡟ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㎰Ꮫ◊✲㝔ື≀⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ㒊㛛 ῰㇂

῟ ᩍᤵ, ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㎰Ꮫ◊✲㝔ື≀⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ㒊㛛 ྜྷ⏣ ᩄ๎ ෸ᩍᤵ࡟῝ㅰ࠸

ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

ᮏ✏సᡂ࡟㝿ࡋ, ᠓⠜࡞ᚚᣦᑟ, ᚚຓゝࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓ, ᮾி㎰ᕤ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㎰Ꮫ◊✲㝔ື

≀⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ㒊㛛 ୗ⏣ ᐇ ᩍᤵ, ᖏᗈ␆⏘኱Ꮫᇶ♏⋇་Ꮫ◊✲㒊㛛⑓ែண㜵Ꮫศ㔝 ྂᯘ

୚ᚿᏳ ᩍᤵ, ᒾᡭ኱Ꮫ㎰Ꮫ㒊ඹྠ⋇་Ꮫ⛉ బ⸨ ὒ ᩍᤵ, ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᛂ⏝⏕≀⛉Ꮫ㒊ᛂ

⏝⏕≀⛉Ꮫ⛉ ᰡ஭ ᚨ☻ ᩍᤵ࡟ㅽࢇ࡛῝ㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲࡍࠋ

◊✲࡟㝿ࡋ, ᚚᣦᑟ࣭ᚚ༠ຊ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓ, ᫍ⸆⛉኱Ꮫඛ➃⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ஬༑ᔒ

຾⚽ ๪ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㛗, ᫍ⸆⛉኱Ꮫඛ➃⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ኱ሯ ࡲࡁ◊✲ဨ, ᰴᘧ఍♫

ᐩኈ⸆ရ➨஧◊✲ᡤ, ᐇ㦂࡟ࡈ༠ຊୗࡉࡾࡲࡋࡓྠᩍᐊㅖẶࡢⓙᵝ࡟ᚰ࠿ࡽឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

56

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