R5G20B75 50nm 100nm 130nm 170nm R5B95
70nm 110nm 150nm R5B95 100nm 130nm
220nm 340nm R100 90nm 130nm 150nm
220nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.5: ITO/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/R5G20B75(Xnm)/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm)
-- I-V-L - I-Q 50nm
100nm 130nm 170nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.6: ITO/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/R5G95(Xnm)/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm)
-- I-V-L - I-Q 70nm
110nm 150nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.7: ITO/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/R5B95(Xnm)/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm)
-- I-V-L - I-Q 100nm
130nm 220nm 340nm
MEH-PPV
MEH-PPV
MEH-PPV Chroloform
6.9 - 6.8
PMA-11 UV-Vis-NIR
UV-3150 Xe900,M300,S300 Edinburgh Instruments
MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV PFO
6.1 I-V-L
Q φf 380nm
6.1: EL
V [V] I [mA/cm2] L [cd/m2] Q [%] φf [%]
R5G20B75 13.75 154.1 1616 1.16 45
R5G95 13.25 448.75 829.0 0.93 22
R5B95 23.00 346.7 2273 0.39 34
R100 7.00 382.5 305.2 0.06 9
6.8:
6.9: R100 G100
B100 R5G95 R5B95 R5G20B75
120nm(R100) 90nm(G100) 85nm(B100) 108nm(R5G95) 147nm(R5B95) 90nm(R5G20B75) 6.9
MEH-PPV
R5G95 R5B95 R5G20B75 EL
R5G20B75
PFO CN-PDHFV
EL
6.8 R5B95 EL
R5G95
R5B95 1.3eV
Ca
6.3 EL
EL EL
EL EL
EL
PVK RGB
[51–53] RGB
G B
R
RGB
EL [54]
RGB
CIE1 CT color temperature CRI the
color rendering index CIE 0.333
0.333
6.10 EL
R5G10B90 6.11
R5G10B90 MEH-PPV R1G5B95 R1G1B100 6.12
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HTL) Mixed RGB (ETL/EL) LiF
Al (Cathode)
Jǵ
PEDOT:PSS ITO
4.2 eV
5.0 eV 4.8 eV
LiF / Al 5.1 eV
PFO / CN-PDHFV / MEH-PPV 3.5 eV
6.0 eV 5.8 eV 2.9 eV
6.11: EL R5G10B90 EL EL R5G10B90(240nm) EL
6.12: EL ITO/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/Bulk
RGB(Xnm)/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm) EL R1G5B95 R1G1B100
6.4 EL EL
Anode
Organic layer
Cathode
Ih'
Ie' Ie
Ih'
I
6.13:
EL
2 γ
I Ie
Ih I′h I′e
(6.10) (6.11)
I = Ih+Ie′ =Ih′ +Ie (6.10) I = Ih−Ih′ =Ie′ −Ie (6.11)
γ Ir I
γ = Ir
I (6.12)
1
I=Ih=Ie I′h=I′e=0 I=Ih=Ie=Ir γ=1.0
2
I=Ih≥Ie I′e̸=0 I′h=0 2 I=Ie=Ih+I′e Ir=Ih=Ie-I′e
3 I′e̸=0 I′hI′e̸=0
I′h=0 δ
δ = Ih+Ie′
Ih′ +Ie (6.14)
γ = 1−δ
1 +δ (6.15)
δ 1.0 γ
EL
ITO/TPD/Alq3/LiF/Al TPD
Alq3 TPD Alq3
1%
EL
[61–64]
p n
Alq3
[65, 66] MEH-PPV EL ITO
MEH-PPV π
[67]
[19, 68]
[69–71]
UV [72]
ESDUS
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFO/CN-PDHFV/LiF/Al 0.7%
[73]
RGB EL
ESDUS
EL
MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV PFO PEDOT:PSS EL
EL
4.0×10−4cm2/V·s MEH-PPV 1.0×10−6cm2/V·s MEH-PPV
MEH-PPV LUMO 5.1eV
CN-PDHFV
[60] nm
PEDOT:PSS
PFO MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV
EL
ITO LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm)
Layered B/R/G 6.2 6.14
CN-PDHFV Layered B/R PFO
Layered R/G CN-PDHFV 5%MEH-PPV
Layered B/GdR Blend R5G20B75
PEDOT:PSS PFO
ESDUS ESDUS
ESDUS
6.3 I-V-L
Q
6.2: EL
Layered B/R/G PEDOT:PSS/PFO/MEH-PPV/CN-PDHFV Layered B/R PEDOT:PSS/PFO/MEH-PPV
Layered R/G PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV/CN-PDHFV
Layered B/GdR PEDOT:PSS/PFO/CN-PDHFV doped 5% MEH-PPV Blend RGB PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV & CN-PDHFV & PFO Single R PEDOT:PSS/MEH-PPV
6.3: EL
V [V] I [mA/cm2] L[cd/m2] Q [%]
Layered B/R/G 22.25 338.5 1204 0.77 Layered B/R 18.0 60.12 27.15 0.11 Layered R/G 9.75 175.7 477.4 0.48 Layered B/GdR 11.0 248.0 2665 1.15 Blend R5G20B75 24.5 152.5 452.3 1.20
Single R 7.0 382.5 305.2 0.06
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HIL) PFO (HTL) LiF Al (Cathode)
-+
MEH-PPV (EL) CN-PDHFV (ETL)
hǵ
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HIL) LiF
Al (Cathode)
-+
MEH-PPV (EL) CN-PDHFV (ETL)
hν
Layered B/R/G Layered R/G
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HIL) PFO (HTL) LiF Al (Cathode)
-+
MEH-PPV (EL)
hǵ
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HIL) PFO (HTL) LiF Al (Cathode)
-+
CN-PDHFV dope 5% MEH-PPV (ETL)
h㱙
Layered B/R Layered B/GdR
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HIL) LiF
Al (Cathode)
-+
Bulk RGB (ETL)
h㱙
Glass substrate ITO (Anode) PEDOT:PSS (HTL) Emissive polymer (ETL/EL) LiF
Al (Cathode)
hν
-+
Blend RGB Single R
6.14: EL
Layered B/R/G Layered B/R
Layered B/GdR Blend RGB
6.15: EL EL Layered
B/R/G 70nm/35nm/35nm 70nm/65nm/65nm 130nm/40nm/40nm 130nm/55nm/55nm Layered B/R 130nm/70nm 130nm/90nm
Layered B/GdR 70nm/80nm 70nm/110nm 130nm/90nm
130nm/120nm Blend RGB 220nm 110nm 200nm 110nm
100nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.16: EL Layered B/R/G Layered
B/R/G 70nm/35nm/35nm 70nm/65nm/65nm 130nm/40nm/40nm 130nm/55nm/55nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.17: EL Layered B/R Layered B/R
130nm/70nm 130nm/90nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.18: EL Layered R/G Layered R/G
35nm/15nm 35nm/65nm 80nm/45nm 135nm/15nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.19: EL Layered B/G doped R Layered
B/GdR 70nm/80nm 70nm/110nm 130nm/90nm 130nm/120nm
- V-I - V-L
- I-L - I-Q
6.20: ESDUS EL ITO/PEDOT:PSS(50nm)/Blend
RGB(Xnm)/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm) Blend RGB 220nm
110nm 200nm 110nm 100nm
-UV-Vis-NIR UV-3150
Xe900,M300,S300 Edinburgh Instruments EL
6.21 R G B
6.22 R5G10B75
RGB
R ESUDS
R G B
6.21:
-6.5
6.23: - EL
RGB RGB
6.20 R5G20B75
1%
RGB R
G
R5G20B75 3
1. PFO
CN-PDHFV MEH-PPV
2. CN-PDHFV
MEH-PPV
3. MEH-PPV
B R R5B95 6.7
B R
B R 1.3eV
G R
1 EL
EL R100
R5G20B75 70nm 6.5 G EL
RGB RGB
ESDUS
EL ESDUS
RGB RGB ESDUS
RGB
Layered B/GdR
EL Layered B/R/G 6.16
0.8% Layered
B/R/G PFO I-L
PFO
PFO 0.8eV
poly(3-methylthiophene) PHT polyaniline PA
Layered R/G 6.18 0.5%
MEH-PPV
PFO Layered B/R/G
Layered B/R/G
CN-PDHFV Layered
B/R
6.17 0.1%
I-V-L 6.23
MEH-PPV
EL Layered
B/R/G Layered R/G EL 6.23
6.24 2 [74, 75]
Friend
Layered B/R/G Layered R/G MEH-PPV
CN-PDHFV
EL
MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV PPV
ESDUS
MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV Blend R5G95 EL
LUMO
HOMO㪂 㪂 㪂
㪄
㪂
LUMO
HOMO
㪄
㪂 hv
LUMO
HOMO㪂 㪂
㪄 LUMO
HOMO 㪄
㪂
hv
HTL ETL HTL ETL
(a) (b)
HTL ETL HTL ETL
6.24: a /
b
7
7.1
ESDUS RGB
nm ESDUS
EL
R G
ESDUS
EL ESDUS
PEDOT:PSS
PFO MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV
MEH-PPV
22 MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV 7.1
RGB
MEH-PPV 19
ESDUS
PEDOT:PSS ITO
4.2 eV
5.0 eV 4.8 eV
LiF / Al 5.1 eV
PFO
3.5 eV
6.0 eV 5.8 eV
2.9 eV 2.9 eV
CN-PDHFV MEH-PPV
㻎
㻎
㻎 㻎 㻎 㻎 㻎
㻎 㻐
㻐 㻐 㻐 㻐
㻐 㻔
㻕
7.1: MEH-PPV CN-PDHFV
7.2 ESDUS
ESDUS EL
µm
EL
-X
ESDUS EL
THF
120 L/min
ESDUS
EL
polymer light-emitting cell
PLEC MEH-PPV poly(ethylene oxide)
PEO lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate LiCF3SO3
EL [76, 77] PLEC
MEH-PPV Anode Cathode
ESDUS
+ +
+ +
[78, 79]
EL MEH-PPV
[80]
EL
ESDUS EL
Glass substrate Anode Organic layer Cathode
-+ hole
electron
hν
ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー
Glass substrate Anode Organic layer Cathode
-+ hole
electron
hν
ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー
ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー ー
Charge Generation Layer
7.2: EL EL
EL
HTL/EML/ETL Charge Generation Layer(CGL)
EL Anode/HTL/EML/ETL/CGL/HTL/EML/ETL/CGL....
CGL V2O5 Alq3
[81]
7.2 EL
EL ESDUS
CGL PLEC
ESDUS EL
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Blue Electron Transport Layer (ETL) Cathode
-+
Charge Generation Layer (CGL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Red
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Green Electron Transport Layer (ETL) Cathode
-+
Ultra-thin Emissive Layer (EML) - Red Ultra-thin Emissive Layer (EML) - Blue
RB2 RGB3
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transport Layer (HIL) Electron Transport Layer (HTL) Cathode
-+
Mixed RGB Emissive Layer (EML)
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transpot Layer (HTL) Emissive Layer (EML) Electron Transport Layer (ETL) Cathode
-+
RGB RGB
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Red Electron Transport Layer (ETL) Cathode
-+
Transparent Electrode Emissive Layer (EML) - Green Emissive Layer (EML) - Blue
Glass substrate Anode
Hole Transport Layer (HTL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Red Electron Transport Layer (ETL) Cathode
-+
Charge Generation Layer (CGL) Emissive Layer (EML) - Green Emissive Layer (EML) - Blue
RGB CGL RGB
7.3: EL
EL
7.3
RGB ESDUS
RGB
ESDUS
ESDUS
RGB S×S(side by side)
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[74] A.C.Morteani, P.K.H.Ho, R.H.Friend, C.Silvia, Appl.P hys.Lett., 86(16)3501 [75] A.C.Morteani, A.S.Dhoot, J.S.Kim, C.Silva, N.C.Greenham, C.Murphy, E.Moons,
S.Cina, J.H.Burroughes, R.H.Friend,Adv.M ater.,15(20)1708-1712
[76] Q.Pei, Y.Yang, G.Yu, C.Zhang, A.J.Heeger, J.Am.Chem.Soc., 1996(118)3922 [77] Q.Pei, G.Yu, C.Zhang, Y.Yang, A.J.Heeger, Science.,1995(269)1086
[78] F.Hide, P.Kozodoy, S.P.DenBaars, A.J.Heeger, Appl.P hys.Lett.,70(20)2664 [79] T.Kietzke, D.Neher, K.Landfester, R.Montenegro, R.Guntner, U.Scherf, N ature.
[80] L.Bozano, S.E.Tuttle, S.A.Carter, P.J.Brock, Appl.P hys.Lett., 73(26)3911 [81] T.Tsutsui, M.Terai, Appl.P hys.Lett.,84(3)440-4442
2
1 95 1.1 . . . 95
1.2 . . . 95
1.3 . . . 97
1.4 . . . 97
2 99
2.1 . . . 99
2.2 . . . 100
2.3 . . . 101
2.4 . . . 104
2.5 . . . 104
2.6 . . . 108
3 111
4 ESDUS 114
4.1 . . . 114 4.2 ESDUS . . . 115
4.3 ESDUS . . . 117
4.4 ESDUS . . . 120
5 124
5.1 OPV . . . 125
5.2 . . . 126
5.3 OPV . . . 127 5.4 OPV . . . 131 5.5 OPV . . . 132
5.6 OPV . . . 134
5.7 OPV . . . 136
5.7.1 . . . 136
5.7.2 IoT/ . . . 138
5.7.3 . . . 140
6 141
1
1.1
1 100
2012 1.6
2010 10064 kWh 29%
62%
[1] 2011 9550 kWh 11%
79%
LED SiC
1.2
39 223
1.7ha
• 2007 12 30 2030 3
1400 40 2GWp 2030 40
80GWp
• 2009
15 2020 20 40GWp 2030 40
• 2011 5 25 G8 2020 1000
2012 7 1
20 87.5
1000 2020 9
11.5 101
2012 88.3 [2]
24 7 25 10 16
566.6 kW[3, 4] 425 kW 4.2GW
183.9kW 382.7kW
50 20
1MW 3060
2
2020 9.5
1MW 1 2020 40GWp
55 49GW
2020
1.3
9
2010 0.4% 3.5GWp
1kWp 60
14-15%
24 59.7
71.9% 2003-2010
2020
2020
1.4
4 1
25%
40%
III-V
4
[5]
2012
5kWh 2 200
2012
24kWh 2
2
2.1
2.1
20%
11.3% [6]
21%
[7]
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2.1:
NREL Best Research-Cell Efficiencies (Rev.04-20-2016)
2.2
[8] EL 1986
Kodak Tang CuPc
PTCBI 0.95% [9]
ITO/CuPc(25nm)/PTCBI(45nm)/Ag 2.2 pn
10%
pn
-10nm
poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) P3HT (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester 60PCBM 100nm
300nm
100nm
Glass substrate In2O3 CuPc PTCBI Ag
-+
hv
2.2: Tang
2.3
HOMO LUMO 2.3
(400 - 1600nm)
HOMOD LUMOA
(200nm ) /
(Hole Transport Layer, HTL)
(Electron Blocking Layer, EBL) PEDOT:PSS MoO3 (Electron Transport Layer, ETL) EL
LiF (Hole Blocking Layer, HBL)
TiO2 ZnO2
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[10–15]
poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) P3HT
(6,6)-phenyl-131 o-dichlorobenzne DCB 180
CB P3HT
π DCB
π
[16]
π
P3HT CB DCB
[17]
p-i-n OPV
pn pin 2.4
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OPV TOF-SIMS
P3HT n-i-p
p-i-n 2.5 [18]
p-i-n
ITO Anode HTL
ETL Cathode
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55 2008 27p-C-1
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:60PCBM/Al
OPV EL
TEM PEDOT:PSS
P3HT:60PCBM PEDOT:PSS Al
PEDOT:PSS PEDOT
PSS Al
2.6
2.6: TEM
EL
2.4
ppm Evaporative Spray Deposition from Ultra-dilute Solution ESDUS
[22–24]
OPV OPV
Ceramic heater Glass substrate
Exhaust
Sample solution 0.5μm filter
Heater
N2 Gas
Nebulizer Heater
Chamber
X-Y positioner Nozzle
Deposition room
Heater
2.7: ESDUS
2.5
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5.0 - 5.5eV ITO
300
ITO nm
Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) : polystyrene sulfonate
PE-DOT:PSS PEDOT:PSS
PEDOT
2.0 cm2V−1S−1 600 Scm−1
EL OPV PEDOT:PSS
ITO
ITO ITO
PEDOT:PSS o-Dichlorobenzne THF
P3HT Merck Chemical Inc.
PSBTBT, poly[4,4’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2-b:2’,3’-d]silole)-2,6-diyl-alt-(2,I,3-benzothiadiazole)-4,7-diyl] Lumtec Inc.
70PCBM, (6,6)-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, Frontia carbon
Cop. o-Dichlorobenzene, DCB
Chlorobenzne, CB 2.9
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OPV LiF 0.5
1.0nm EL
I-V
EL
Mg Ag Mg:Ag=9:1 LiF
0.5nm /Al 80nm OPV
LiF Al
TiO2 ZnO
TiO2 OPV
Vaccum pump Chamber
Substrate
Heat board Sublimed material Quartz oscillator
Reagent
Shutter
2.10:
2.6
OPV ITO
ITO
ITO OA-10GF
OFPR-800 NMD-3 Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
7-NL Aceton
Ethanol
o-Dichlorobenzne Chlorobenzene THF
Lithium Fluoride Alminium
ITO ITO
1. ITO 100 mm×100 mm
2.
1st : 800 rpm,10sec 2nd : 1200 rpm,20sec
3. 90 30
4. 2mm UV 10
5 5. ITO
6. : : 1:1:3
8 - 12 7.
8. ITO 20 mm 20 mm
1. ITO 5
2. 3% 15 ×2
3. 15 ×2
5. 15 ×2
6.
1. 5
2. UV UV 20
PEDOT:PSS
1. 0.45µm PVDF PEDOT:PSS
2. PEDOT:PSS ITO 1500rpm,30sec
3. 120
1. P3HT 15mg 60PCBM 15mg
o-Dichlorobenzene 1.0ml 100 1500rpm 1
2. 0.5µm PTFE
3. 500 - 3000rpm,80sec
4. 120 10
ESDUS
1. P3HT 15mg 60PCBM 15mg
o-Dichlorobenzne 1.5ml 100 1500rpm 1
2. 0.5µm PTFE
3. THF 1500ml o-dichlorobenzen
6 4. ESDUS
5.
LiF Al
1. LiF 1mg Al 100mg
2. 2mm ITO 2mm
3. 2.0 - 4.0×10−6Torr LiF 1.0nm Al 80nm LiF 0.1˚A/s Al 2.0˚A/s
3
1SUN AM1.5G(100mW/cm2)
pn 3.1
Iph
Id Ish
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Rs
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k T q
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3.3
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3.4 I-V 3.2
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&
(3.5)
V=0 Short Circuit Crurrent,Isc(mA)
Isc=qS
' ∞
0
F(λ)η(λ)extdλ (3.6)
F(λ) η(λ)
λ (µm)
Pin(mW/cm2) S(cm2) Power Conversion Efficiency, P CE(%)
P CE = Vmax·Imax
Pin·S ×100 (3.7)
= Voc·Isc·F F
100 ×100 (3.8)
= Voc·Isc·F F (3.9)
Fill Factor, FF FF
Pmax =Vmax·Imax Pideal =Voc·Isc
F F = Pmax
Pideal (3.10)
= Voc·Isc
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FF pn
1.0
III-V FF 0.8
FF 0.6
4 ESDUS
4.1
OPV Glass / ITO / PE-DOT:PSS(30nm) / P3HT:60PCBM / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm)
100nm FF
100nm
Glass substrate ITO
Polymer:Fullerene LiF
Al
-+
hv
PEDOT:PSS ITO
4.2 eV
5.0 eV 4.8 eV
LiF / Al 5.1 eV
3.7 eV
6.0 eV 2.9 eV
60PCBM P3HT
Active layer
4.1: ITO/PEDOT:PSS(30nm)/P3HT:60PCBM/LiF(1.0nm)/Al(80nm)
4.2 ESDUS
100nm ESUDS
p/n) pin pin BHJ
Glass / ITO / PEDOT:PSS(30nm) / P3HT:60PCBM(100nm) / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm)
p/n P3HT 60PCBM
p n pn
ESUDS
P3HT 50nm 60PCBM 50nm
pin ITO/PEDOT:PSS P3HT / P3HT:60PCBM
= 2:1 / P3HT:60PCBM = 1:1 / P3HT:60PCBM = 1:2 / 60PCBM
BHJ P3HT:60PCBM = 1:1 ESDUS
THF 60 10
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1SUN J-V 4.3
4.2 (p/n)
Jsc=4.09 mA/cm2 FF=0.40 (BHJ)
Jsc=6.78 mA/cm2 Rs=7.32 Ω·cm2
pin 3
Jsc=6.78 mA/cm2 PCE=1.87%
Rs=4.52Ω·cm2 pin
4.1: ESDUS OPV
Voc (V) Jsc (mA/cm2) F F PCE (%) Rs(Ω·cm2) Rsh(Ω·cm2)
p/n 0.51 4.09 0.40 0.84 6.96 2.06x103
pin 0.54 6.78 0.51 1.87 4.52 8.72x102
BHJ 0.56 5.91 0.51 1.70 7.32 5.03x103
1.0E-04 1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 Voltage / V
!p/n
!pin
!BHJ -8.0
-6.0 -4.0 -2.0 0.0 2.0 4.0
-0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
Voltage / V
!p/n
!pin
!BHJ
103!
102!
101!
100!
10-1!
10-2!
10-3!
10-4!
Current density / mA"cm-2!
Current density / mA"cm-2!
4.3: ESDUS OPV 1SUN
J-V
4.3 ESDUS
60 -160
4.4 OPV Glass
/ ITO / PEDOT:PSS(30nm) / P3HT:60PCBM(100nm) / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm) pin
THF 60 10
UV-Vis
P3HT 518nm 558nm 610nm
P3HT π-π*
555nm 603nm 515nm P3HT
4.5
P3HT P3HT:60PCBM
P3HT
120 DCB
500µm! 500µm! 500µm!
500µm! 500µm! 500µm!
60"! 80"! 100"!
120"! 140"! 160"!
4.4: ESDUS 60 - 160 OPV
350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750
Absorbance / a.u.
Wavelength / nm
BHJ (Spincoat)!
80"
100"
120"
140"
160"
4.5: ESDUS UV-Vis
ESDUS 60 - 160 OPV 4.2 4.6
60 P3HT pn
120 140
P3HT 120
OPV 3 160
ITO J-V
4.2: ESDUS
Voc (V) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF PCE (%) Rs(Ω·cm2) Rsh(Ω·cm2)
60 0.40 0.59 0.49 0.12 32.3 1.30x103
80 0.43 3.41 0.55 0.81 8.0 3.00x103
100 0.47 3.64 0.56 0.95 5.4 4.01x102
120 0.55 6.85 0.52 1.97 3.3 5.72x103
140 0.43 5.10 0.45 0.98 10.0 2.03x103
160 0.06 4.07 0.13 0.03 5.6 6.74x100
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4.4 ESDUS
wt%
ESDUS
P3HT PSBTBT
4.7 Glass / ITO / PEDOT:PSS(30nm) / PSBTBT:60PCBM /
P3HT:60PCBM / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm) PSBTBT:60PCBM
/ P3HT:60PCBM 100nm/280nm 50nm/140nm 30nm/140nm 3
OPV
Glass / ITO / PEDOT:PSS(30nm) / Polymer:60PCBM / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm)
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Voc Jsc
Jsc Jsc
Rsh
4.3: ESDUS OPV
Voc (V) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF PCE (%) Rs(Ω·cm2) Rsh(Ω·cm2)
PSBTBT:60PCBM 0.55 9.50 0.38 2.02 3.1 7.47x101
P3HT:60PCBM 0.56 7.43 0.56 2.34 2.9 1.00x102
Stack(100/280) 0.59 5.88 0.33 1.16 113.3 6.91x105
Stack(50/140) 0.56 5.24 0.32 0.96 4.6 4.03x101
Stack(30/140) 0.09 5.18 0.27 0.13 4.0 4.67x100
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1SUN
OPV OPV
4.9 Glass / ITO / PEDOT:PSS(30nm)
/ PSBTBT:60PCBM / TiO2 / PEDOT:PSS / P3HT:60PCBM / LiF(1.0nm) / Al(80nm) TiO2/PEDOT:PSS [25–32] TiO2
, TTIP ,IPA
OPV (1)TTIP:0.056g, IPA:4.05g (2)TTIP:0.056g, IPA:2.02g (3)TTIP:0.056g, IPA:1.01g (4)TTIP:0.056g IPA:0.50g
TiO2 4 OPV
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4.9: OPV
OPV 1SUN 4.4 4.10
Jsc Voc
Voc Jsc
-1.5V
Rs
TiO2 PEDOT:PSS
4.4: ESDUS OPV
Voc(V) Jsc (mA/cm2) FF PCE (%) Rs(Ω·cm2) Rsh(Ω·cm2)
Tandem(1) 1.45 0.13 0.05 0.01 49307 4.00x106
Tandem(2) 1.17 0.58 0.06 0.04 13161 1.93x106
Tandem(3) 1.10 0.50 0.06 0.03 15088 8.22x106
Tandem(4) 1.32 0.74 0.06 0.05 25018 4.84x106
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2301 2304 2305 2306
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4.10: OPV 1SUN J-V
1SUN
5
200nm Organic
Pho-tovoltaics, OPV
OPV
11.1
[6]
1000 1
OPV 5.1
OPV IoT/WSN
µW mW
[33–43]
OPV
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5.1:
5.1 OPV
OPV 200nm
OPV
SiN CVD OPV
50µm OPV
a-Si 29.6mm
11.8mm 1.1mm 4 OPV OPV
5.2
1. ITO IR ITO
2. 200nm
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