This paper examined the current situation in Japan compared with international standards and made suggestions in order to improve the core system of the JSNA. In brief, it concluded that a combination of the ASUT and the BIOT may be the best choice for the JSNA to follow in the future. However, it is important to note that
this suggestion is only one of a number of choices available in Japan. Moreover, if the GOJ elected to combine the ASUT and the BIOT in the future, the next SNA (SNA2023?) would need to cover the new Supply and Use System.
There are five principal advantages to the JSNA introducing the balanced ASUT. First, the ESRI would have the capability to estimate bal-anced and consistent GDP figures within only three years compared with the current delay between Japanese benchmark revisions (i.e., every five years). Further, new benchmark se-ries are released every 5−10 years for the ANA report. Second, a balancing system would con-tribute to improving the estimation process of the JSNA, as each (individual) check system in the JSNA now tends to be inconsistent.
Third, the JSNA would fulfill the recommen-dations of the SNA1993/SNA2008 by imple-menting the balanced ASUT, which depend on the satellite BIOT instead of on core accounts, such as SUT. Fourth, the ESRI would be able to estimate the QSUT and thus utilize the ASUT.
The QSUT would also be useful for providing a consistent series of quarterly GDP and stable estimations of the QNA. The ESRI would fur-ther be able to develop new statistics and QNA Table 15 The Comparison of Human resource in some countries
Formal Staffs General
GovernmentCorporations Sector Financial
Accounts Rest of the World
Share of very quali-fied Staff
Regional accountsProductivity
numbers Satellite accounts
Development of special statistics
Purchasing Power Parities
Other Activities
Australia 54 2 1 4 1 n.a. ○ ○ ○
Canada 162 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a.
China 31 1 1 3 0.2 100%
France 127 29 18 14 1 40.2% ○ ○
Germany 105 10.4 2 7 2 22.3% ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Japan 47 4.5 5.5 1 0.5 63.8% ○ ○ ○
Korea 90 5 2 9 2 n.a. ○ ○ ○ ○
Netherlands 96 7 2 6 1 74.2% ○ ○ ○ ○
United Kingdom 107 16 11 14 16 n.a. ○ ○
USA 174 32 4 14 2 n.a. ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
Unit: Number of Members
Reference: Lequiller and Zorn (2007) Table 1 and Table 3
series in order to utilize the QSUT. Fifth, the experience of the ASUT would be necessary to estimate the BSUT if in the future the GOJ wished to do so. However, if the GOJ chose to improve the use matrix (plan 2) instead of the BSUT (plan 3), it can use the experience of the ASUT in order to balance the estimation of the use matrix.
Thus, this study finds that the ASUT with a balancing process is crucial for the future of the JSNA. Further, because other Asian countries such as South Korea face similar problems to
those in Japan, this process might also provide a template for development in those nations.
Following statistical reforms in Japan, the JSNA is improving gradually. Although the GOJ has many possible directions, it does not have com-plete freedom over the Japanese Input−Output System. Therefore, if the ANA were to include the ASUT and a balancing process in the core accounts, this approach could expand the Japa-nese QNA. The future choices of the JSNA would then depend on the degree of expansion.
Notes
1 ）BIOT includes some classifications. The output is measured by 10−digit (3571 products). The basic in-dustry classification is 6−digit (407 activities (products)) or 7−digit (520 activities (products)).
2 ）To be exact, SUT was similar to the Make (Output) and Use Tables in SNA1968.
3 ）All the ministries.
4 ）See Arai (2010).
5 ）All the ministries, mainly, The Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet Office and Di-rector−General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards), Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communica-tions
6 ）All the ministries, mainly, The Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet Office and Di-rector−General for Policy Planning (Statistical Standards), Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communica-tions
7 ）Balancers are experts that deal with the balancing system in national accounts. There are no balancers in Japan nowadays.
8 ）All the statistical offices.
9 ）All the ministries.
Acknowledgement
This paper was funded by the special research fund (Tokubetukenkyujyosei) of Matsuyama University in the fiscal year of 2012. I thank the fund, and Susumu Kikuchi (Professor of Rikkyo Univ), Ryuzo Kuroki (Professor of Rikkyo Univ), Itsuo Sakuma (Professor of Senshu Univ), Li Jie (Professor of Saitama Univ), Michael Osterwald−Lenum (Statistics Denmark), Colin A Gaffney, Hidehiko Futamura (ESRI), Kosuke Su-zuki (ESRI), Hideaki Kitaki (ESRI), Minoru Nogimori (ESRI), and many commenters.
References
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Analysis of IO−based Annual Supply and Use Tables for the development of QNA Takeshi SAKURAMOTO
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Appended Figure 1 The Suggestion of Provisional Reform: Japanese BIOT and Annual SUT in JSNA Reference: Modified Eurostat (2008) P.126 Figure 5.2 for this paperʼs subject
Production approach (balanced) Expenditure approach (balanced) Income approach (balanced)
Japanese System of National Accounts Annual supply and use system
Benchmark Input and Output Tables X Table Accounts GDP (Production) (unbalanced)
GDP (Expenditure) (unbalanced) every 5 year Supply Table at produsers price (balanced)
Use Tableat purchasers price (balanced)
Gross domestic product Total economy
Sector accounts 1. Non-financial corporations 2. Financial corporations 3. General government 4. Households 5. Non-profit institutions serving households Goods and services account Production account Distribution and use of income accounts
Accumulation accounts
Current frow at every 5 year Current frow at annual system Proposal frow at annual system
Annual National Accounts Supply Table (unbalanced)
Quarterly National Accounts Use Table (unbalanced)
Quarterly supply and use system
Accounts GDP (Production) (unbalanced) Total economy and sector accounts
Quarterly Supply and Use Tables area (Annual) Supply and Use Tables area
GDP (Income) (unbalanced) GDP (Income) (unbalanced)
GDP (Expenditure) (unbalanced) Supply Table (unbalanced)
Use Table (unbalanced) Annual Balancing
Make Table
Analysis of IO−based Annual Supply and Use Tables for the development of QNA Takeshi SAKURAMOTO
Appended Table 1 Supply Table （unbalanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen） Part 1 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)1. Industries
(1) Agricul- ture, forestry and fishing
(2) Mining(3) Manufac- turing
a. Food products and beverages
b. Textiles
c. Pulp, paper and paper products
d. Chemicals
e. Petroleum and coal products
f. Non− metallic mineral products
g. Basic metal
h. Fabricated metal products
i. Machinery
j. Electrical l. Prk.ma−ecision Transport chinery, instru-equipment equipment ments and supplies
m. Others(4) Construc- tion 1. Industries751731.015455.11371.9301980.234915.22774.78990.026583.413394.98267.624206.913158.728896.554083.042084.83828.440796.177711.4 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing14353.014274.15.026.22.32.711.60.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.09.69.7 (2) Mining1460.50.01345.4115.00.00.00.012.110.539.053.30.00.00.00.00.00.10.0 (3) Manufacturing303711.0525.114.6299920.634908.62768.98709.926132.113328.18160.323920.213104.428479.953886.542005.83778.240737.7−3.8 a. Food products and beverages38047.3518.80.034995.134787.50.12.4195.90.11.20.10.20.90.20.01.94.60.0 b. Textiles2828.70.00.02828.70.82700.117.738.00.00.11.42.70.14.11.20.062.50.0 c. Pulp, paper and paper products8751.20.00.08748.43.312.78521.670.70.010.21.71.61.616.21.10.1107.60.0 d. Chemicals25708.90.00.025708.8102.04.830.625028.8154.015.7104.72.880.428.56.313.7136.50.0 e. Petroleum and coal products13763.10.02.113749.00.40.00.0203.413162.27.9374.00.10.50.00.00.00.50.0 f. Non−metallic mineral products8319.00.010.38306.10.52.23.0163.97.07944.348.323.77.961.61.93.638.20.0 g. Basic metal23274.70.01.623276.50.00.50.540.50.114.422709.9113.3111.9154.792.95.132.7−3.4 h. Fabricated metal products13422.30.00.013422.30.60.64.24.20.311.0373.612251.5399.8113.2149.09.0105.30.0 i. Machinery28432.40.00.328432.13.71.33.639.01.016.179.4274.225984.01104.8728.273.5123.30.0 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies53463.80.00.053463.80.00.72.774.41.475.8168.1113.9748.651390.9281.3241.7364.30.0 k. Transport equipment42413.90.00.041885.50.06.00.16.20.01.515.167.9819.3299.340468.975.5125.70.0 l. Precision instruments3912.00.00.03912.00.00.60.068.60.04.83.29.7173.8291.421.93324.413.60.0 m. Others41373.76.30.341192.39.839.3123.5198.52.057.340.7242.8151.1421.6253.129.739622.9−0.4 (4) Construction77976.90.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.077705.5 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply24591.30.06.01103.20.01.9267.4436.355.964.7227.12.83.212.011.82.417.70.0 (6) Wholesale and retail trade1500.7572.60.03.23.20.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (7) Finance and insurance42857.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (8) Real estate64407.40.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (9) Transport and communications43543.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (10) Service activities177330.183.30.9812.01.11.21.12.90.43.66.351.5413.4184.567.247.831.00.0 2. Producers of government services0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 3. Producers of private non−profit servic- es to households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (less) Direct purchases in the domestic market by non−resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Gross output751731.015455.11371.9301980.234915.22774.78990.026583.413394.98267.624206.913158.728896.554083.042084.83828.440796.177711.4 Reference for Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (4)
Appended Table 1 Supply Table (unbalanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen) Part 2 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)(5) Electricity, gas and water supply(6) Wholesale and retail trade
(7) Finance and insurance(8) Real estate
(9) Transport and commu- nications
(10) Service activities
2. Producers of government services
3. Producers of private non− profit services to households
Gross outputImports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services (The c.i.f prices)
c.i.f /f.o.b adjustmentDifferential between aproaches
Taxes and duties on imports
Total supply (at producersʼ prices)
Trade and transport margins
Total supply (at purchasersʼ prices) 1. Industries23449.34201.442857.164417.444800.8175486.40.00.0751731.045121.047196.53527.8−1452.33869.4800721.4109044.0909765.4 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing6.80.20.03.20.027.80.00.014353.01796.51967.1170.60.0143.416292.96491.822784.7 (2) Mining0.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.01460.57043.37712.1668.80.0989.19492.91629.911122.8 (3) Manufacturing12.12705.20.00.0528.48.80.00.0303711.028313.931002.32688.40.02703.6334728.5100529.9435258.4 a. Food products and beverages0.02530.20.00.00.03.20.00.038047.33606.73949.2342.50.0922.142576.125276.467852.5 b. Textiles0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02828.7328.3359.531.20.037.13194.1660.63854.7 c. Pulp, paper and paper products0.00.00.00.00.02.80.00.08751.2422.9463.140.20.024.59198.62527.511726.1 d. Chemicals0.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.025708.92277.52493.7216.20.0152.928139.37849.935989.2 e. Petroleum and coal products12.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.013763.11583.41733.8150.40.0112.215458.74036.719495.4 f. Non−metallic mineral products0.00.00.00.00.02.60.00.08319.0350.9384.233.30.021.28691.13065.211756.3 g. Basic metal0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.023274.72117.02318.0201.00.0128.725520.43431.328951.7 h. Fabricated metal products0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.013422.3315.4345.329.90.019.713757.42912.816670.2 i. Machinery0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.028432.41338.01465.0127.00.073.229843.67248.937092.5 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.053463.88023.88785.7761.90.0439.361926.911474.673401.5 k. Transport equipment0.00.00.00.0528.40.00.00.042413.91641.81797.7155.90.088.444144.19091.253235.3 l. Precision instruments0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.03912.0867.3949.782.40.048.04827.32227.07054.3 m. Others0.0175.00.00.00.00.20.00.041373.75440.85957.4516.60.0636.347450.820727.768178.5 (4) Construction0.00.00.00.0271.40.00.00.077976.90.00.00.00.00.077976.90.077976.9 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply23360.028.00.00.023.171.00.00.024591.32.82.30.0−0.50.024594.10.024594.1 (6) Wholesale and retail trade0.0750.40.00.00.8173.70.00.01500.7828.3677.30.0−151.00.02329.00.02329.0 (7) Finance and insurance0.00.042857.10.00.00.00.00.042857.1451.7369.40.0−82.30.043308.80.043308.8 (8) Real estate0.00.00.064407.40.00.00.00.064407.40.00.00.00.00.064407.40.064407.4 (9) Transport and communications0.20.00.00.143466.576.20.00.043543.01978.41617.80.0−360.60.045521.40.045521.4 (10) Service activities70.1717.60.06.7510.6175128.90.00.0177330.14706.03848.20.0−857.833.3182069.4392.3182461.7 2. Producers of government services0.00.00.00.00.00.063161.763161.70.00.00.00.00.00.063161.70.063161.7 3. Producers of private non−profit servic- es to households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.012444.312444.30.00.00.00.00.012444.30.012444.3 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02819.40.00.00.00.02819.40.02819.4 (less) Direct purchases in the domestic market by non−resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0−3527.80.00.00.00.00.0 Gross output23449.34201.442857.164417.444800.8175486.463161.712444.3827337.047940.447196.50.0−1452.33869.4879146.8109044.0988190.8 Reference for Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (4)
Analysis of IO−based Annual Supply and Use Tables for the development of QNA Takeshi SAKURAMOTO
Appended Table 2 Use Table （unbalanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen） Part 1 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)1. Industries(1) Agricul- ture, forestry and fishing
(2) Mining(3) Manufac- turing
a. Foc. Puodb.lp, paperproductsTextilesand paper and productsbeverages
d. Chemi- cals
e. Petroleum and coal products
f. Non− metallic mineral products
g. Basic metal
h. Fabricated metal products
i. Machin- ery
j. Electrical k. ma−Transport chinery, equip- equipment ment and supplies
l. Precision instru- ments
m. Others(4) Construc- tion
(5) Electricity, gas and water supply
(6) Wholesale and retail trade 1. Industries390549.26550.1744.5190311.520495.81699.75745.117393.27776.74450.516914.87125.917397.233981.131138.32104.724088.240495.59840.129465.2 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing14191.31981.21.58412.47236.961.914.6106.50.83.52.79.85.114.76.11.2948.5250.11.71605.1 (2) Mining11906.20.38.48506.80.70.656.3250.16117.5934.31068.110.16.821.25.81.333.91037.02336.43.5 (3) Manufacturing217954.53510.3281.2138525.210074.91328.74392.812069.01036.72118.712871.05323.214149.127228.728321.21652.017959.128727.91669.45702.9 a. Food products and beverages17323.41461.50.16600.56296.22.432.7185.60.85.51.00.42.97.43.00.861.70.50.7274.6 b. Textiles2786.338.00.12429.63.6663.167.715.70.19.67.86.915.560.688.32.11488.7106.11.045.8 c. Pulp, paper and paper products9437.3233.20.27274.1724.433.82997.6518.71.6156.422.352.154.9317.335.324.92335.1327.84.6706.7 d. Chemicals26568.1943.614.716349.5455.7503.9377.88279.5156.5254.4316.5194.4291.3796.6556.546.44119.9468.994.728.3 e. Petroleum and coal products13309.5385.6174.74537.6256.036.0174.41350.5810.0231.0881.998.0122.8177.7136.117.6245.51822.41133.61379.8 f. Non−metallic mineral products10480.223.21.53332.6216.12.214.3214.612.6916.9233.370.0219.6729.4393.576.2234.16629.012.357.3 g. Basic metal26366.91.93.123894.854.21.66.1156.12.0130.310912.33410.02869.22842.32852.9155.3502.52241.314.410.0 h. Fabricated metal products14827.527.330.95290.4817.82.115.7300.622.990.069.3844.41072.8976.0491.078.7509.18703.020.5331.7 i. Machinery10199.30.68.27634.41.60.72.013.80.633.936.4107.85760.2721.8754.366.9134.4659.55.8110.4 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies25241.05.81.122707.02.31.74.164.01.532.678.7160.52092.017103.52299.2443.2423.61017.43.0121.8 k. Transport equipment21880.073.40.319094.00.22.90.22.70.01.38.135.8340.4172.518431.742.755.40.60.6120.7 l. Precision instruments1544.62.90.0821.80.20.20.810.40.01.31.34.6199.5111.246.4437.58.39.80.6210.0 m. Others37990.5313.446.218559.01246.978.0699.5956.828.0255.5302.2338.31107.93212.42232.9259.77840.96741.7377.62305.7 (4) Construction7848.985.59.71410.070.68.681.3213.031.6124.2199.8120.694.5225.174.717.6148.5208.11131.2554.8 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply15074.1106.843.36522.2479.478.0456.81231.9152.5347.6980.5267.4388.6884.7490.764.6699.5500.41335.11128.4 (6) Wholesale and retail trade677.24.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0672.0 (7) Finance and insurance7617.2137.342.11419.1127.328.954.1169.289.966.1129.258.8153.3186.9158.318.5178.5480.4224.51723.5 (8) Real estate8973.125.912.91192.175.212.134.5155.315.645.878.771.7128.9248.492.521.9211.6286.4216.02851.6 (9) Transport and communications21804.5116.456.13633.3230.830.772.5433.8112.5138.0421.9200.7339.6728.2252.445.3626.81501.1274.74587.3 (10) Service activities84502.2582.4289.320690.42200.0150.2582.22764.4219.6672.31162.91063.62131.34443.21736.6282.33281.87504.12651.110636.1 2. Producers of government services2163.89.31.1229.535.53.07.842.45.610.513.79.317.731.918.23.530.386.132.8195.3 3. Producers of private non−profit ser- vices to households0.40.00.00.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.00.0 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (less) Direct purchases in the domestic market by non−resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Total intermediate input392713.66559.3745.6190541.320531.51702.65753.017435.67782.44461.016928.77135.117415.134013.131156.52108.324118.640581.89873.029660.4 Consumption of fixed capital84901.01815.4151.018480.81347.9138.4677.22025.3352.4679.91651.7796.31857.44394.22138.2251.62170.45494.35467.05796.8 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies37379.9340.169.515591.14072.4145.8338.7869.23230.1399.7915.2541.1984.31563.61007.4139.81383.72085.41452.16593.6 Compensation of employees230459.71985.5380.459317.85336.11069.01466.03194.0272.12182.42939.44541.47847.111351.26497.11201.611420.527523.93571.841378.9 Operating surplus and mixed income115321.74754.825.718049.73627.5−281.0755.13059.61757.9544.81772.0144.9792.52761.01285.5127.01702.92026.03085.516891.5 Gross output860775.915455.11372.2301980.734915.42774.88990.026583.713394.98267.824207.013158.828896.454083.142084.73828.340796.177711.423449.4100321.2 Reference: Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (5)
Appended Table 2 Use Table （unbalanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen） Part 2 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)
(7) Finance and insurance(8) Real estate
(9) Transport and communi- cations
(10) Service activities
2. Producers of government services
3. Producers of private non− profit services to households
Imputed bank service charge
Total interme- diate input (B)
Statistical discrep- ancy (C)=(A −B)
(C/D)Interme- diate consump- tion (A)
Govern- ment final consump- tion expendi- ture
Private final consump- tion expendi- ture
Domestic final consumption expenditure of households
Final consumption expenditure of private non− profit institutions serving households
Gross fixed capital formation
Changes in invento- ries
Exports (the f.o.b. prices)
Total Demand (D) 1. Industries12370.36510.422493.971767.717074.43476.523294.1434394.2−2860.6−0.3%431533.627292.0264880.6264880.60.0129692.61373.655241.3910013.7 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.00.74.91933.7149.564.4−14405.2157.30.7%14562.50.07142.87142.80.0201.1794.983.422784.7 (2) Mining0.00.010.33.53.21.3−11910.7−857.4−7.7%11053.30.00.00.00.0−4.453.720.311122.8 (3) Manufacturing1517.6255.44700.533064.15897.71237.3−225089.55701.21.3%230790.746.3104651.6104651.60.049822.7525.049422.0435258.3 a. Food products and beverages0.00.311.68973.6479.9137.7−17941.01812.52.7%19753.50.047265.347265.30.00.0618.7215.067852.5 b. Textiles0.40.123.8141.412.26.7−2805.25.50.1%2810.70.0244.6244.60.0186.5−12.5625.63854.8 c. Pulp, paper and paper products84.912.4235.1558.378.062.4−9577.71137.99.7%10715.60.0674.3674.30.00.041.6294.611726.1 d. Chemicals1.12.237.98627.2193.776.5−26838.3207.90.6%27046.20.05191.35191.30.00.0−44.63796.335989.2 e. Petroleum and coal products99.4105.42265.81405.2718.897.0−14125.3−918.5−4.7%13206.80.05524.65524.60.00.0455.4308.619495.4 f. Non−metallic mineral products0.95.141.6376.770.820.7−10571.7107.60.9%10679.30.0479.6479.60.00.0−96.2693.611756.3 g. Basic metal0.00.060.0141.412.21.0−26380.1−214.1−0.7%26166.00.0113.5113.50.089.5−36.62619.428951.8 h. Fabricated metal products3.024.0117.9278.8221.28.4−15057.111.60.1%15068.70.1650.8650.80.0462.0−70.5559.116670.2 i. Machinery0.00.179.21701.151.80.1−10251.2158.00.4%10409.20.0150.3150.30.018973.4−410.07969.437092.3 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies7.22.074.01301.7452.61.4−25695.01699.82.3%27394.80.012133.712133.70.016386.6591.816894.673401.5 k. Transport equipment0.10.0767.31823.01097.30.1−22977.4−62.1−0.1%22915.30.09265.79265.70.08994.9−51.112110.453235.2 l. Precision instruments2.90.34.0492.354.69.0−1608.254.40.8%1662.60.01629.21629.20.02405.8−34.81391.67054.4 m. Others1317.7103.5982.37243.42454.6816.4−41261.51700.62.5%42962.146.221328.621328.60.02324.1−426.11943.768178.5 (4) Construction160.12831.7590.0867.81002.8244.0−9095.7−25.20.0%9070.50.00.00.00.068906.40.00.077976.9 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply220.5214.01080.93922.52131.5249.4−17455.0−194.0−0.8%17261.00.07333.37333.30.00.00.010.524604.7 (6) Wholesale and retail trade0.00.00.01.20.00.0−677.2498.621.4%1175.80.0583.5583.50.0319.00.0252.92331.2 (7) Finance and insurance1150.0413.1790.01237.2248.4116.223294.131275.9104.60.2%31380.50.011592.811592.80.00.00.0353.943327.2 (8) Real estate652.3406.41033.22296.396.095.4−9164.5−36.9−0.1%9127.60.055279.855279.80.00.00.079.364486.7 (9) Transport and communications1436.4131.66501.33566.31788.5285.7−23878.7−408.7−0.9%23470.00.719204.519204.50.00.00.02888.645563.8 (10) Service activities7233.42257.57782.824875.15756.81182.8−91441.8−7800.0−4.3%83641.827245.059092.359092.30.010447.90.02130.4182557.3 2. Producers of government services41.543.1410.51114.6113.526.6−2303.9114.80.2%2418.757649.73093.13093.10.00.00.14.463166.0 3. Producers of private non−profit ser- vices to households0.00.00.00.10.00.0−0.40.20.0%0.60.012443.87051.05392.80.00.010.112454.5 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.02819.42819.40.00.00.00.02819.4 (less) Direct purchases in the domestic market by non−resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0−262.9−262.90.00.00.0262.90.0 Total intermediate input12411.96553.622904.472882.317187.93503.023294.1436698.5−2745.6−0.3%433952.984941.7282974.0277581.25392.8129692.61373.755518.7988453.6 Consumption of fixed capital3613.418858.57905.417318.513212.8856.70.098970.5 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies−361.03242.73233.85132.769.3160.20.037609.4 Compensation of employees12390.63748.919462.960699.032691.77924.40.0271075.7 Operating surplus and mixed income14802.232013.84218.819453.70.00.0−23294.192027.6 Gross output42857.164417.557725.3175486.263161.712444.30.0936381.7 Reference: Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (5)
Analysis of IO−based Annual Supply and Use Tables for the development of QNA Takeshi SAKURAMOTO
Appended Table 3 Use Table （balanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen） Part 1 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)1. Industries(1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing
(2) Mining(3) Manufac- turing
a. Food products and beverages
b. Textiles
c. Pulp, paper and paper products
d. Chemicals
e. Petroleum and coal products
f. Non− metallic mineral products
g. Basic metal
h. Fabricated metal products
i. Machin- ery
j. Electrical ma− chinery, equipment and supplies
k. Transport equipment
l. Precision instru- ments
m. Others(4) Construc- tion
(5) Electricity, gas and water supply
(6) Wholesale and retail trade 1. Industries389257.26550.1743.9189699.120495.71699.75741.017375.27336.34383.216837.97125.217396.733979.631137.92104.624085.840420.89671.929464.9 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing14191.31981.21.58412.47236.961.914.6106.50.83.52.79.85.114.76.11.2948.5250.11.71605.1 (2) Mining11049.10.37.87894.40.60.652.2232.15677.1867.0991.29.46.319.75.41.231.5962.32168.23.2 (3) Manufacturing217954.53510.3281.2138525.210074.91328.74392.812069.01036.72118.712871.05323.214149.127228.728321.21652.017959.128727.91669.45702.9 a. Food products and beverages17323.41461.50.16600.56296.22.432.7185.60.85.51.00.42.97.43.00.861.70.50.7274.6 b. Textiles2786.338.00.12429.63.6663.167.715.70.19.67.86.915.560.688.32.11488.7106.11.045.8 c. Pulp, paper and paper products9437.3233.20.27274.1724.433.82997.6518.71.6156.422.352.154.9317.335.324.92335.1327.84.6706.7 d. Chemicals26568.1943.614.716349.5455.7503.9377.88279.5156.5254.4316.5194.4291.3796.6556.546.44119.9468.994.728.3 e. Petroleum and coal products13309.5385.6174.74537.6256.036.0174.41350.5810.0231.0881.998.0122.8177.7136.117.6245.51822.41133.61379.8 f. Non−metallic mineral products10480.223.21.53332.6216.12.214.3214.612.6916.9233.370.0219.6729.4393.576.2234.16629.012.357.3 g. Basic metal26366.91.93.123894.854.21.66.1156.12.0130.310912.33410.02869.22842.32852.9155.3502.52241.314.410.0 h. Fabricated metal products14827.527.330.95290.4817.82.115.7300.622.990.069.3844.41072.8976.0491.078.7509.18703.020.5331.7 i. Machinery10199.30.68.27634.41.60.72.013.80.633.936.4107.85760.2721.8754.366.9134.4659.55.8110.4 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies25241.05.81.122707.02.31.74.164.01.532.678.7160.52092.017103.52299.2443.2423.61017.43.0121.8 k. Transport equipment21880.073.40.319094.00.22.90.22.70.01.38.135.8340.4172.518431.742.755.40.60.6120.7 l. Precision instruments1544.62.90.0821.80.20.20.810.40.01.31.34.6199.5111.246.4437.58.39.80.6210.0 m. Others37990.5313.446.218559.01246.978.0699.5956.828.0255.5302.2338.31107.93212.42232.9259.77840.96741.7377.62305.7 (4) Construction7848.985.59.71410.070.68.681.3213.031.6124.2199.8120.694.5225.174.717.6148.5208.11131.2554.8 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply15074.1106.843.36522.2479.478.0456.81231.9152.5347.6980.5267.4388.6884.7490.764.6699.5500.41335.11128.4 (6) Wholesale and retail trade677.24.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0672.0 (7) Finance and insurance7617.2137.342.11419.1127.328.954.1169.289.966.1129.258.8153.3186.9158.318.5178.5480.4224.51723.5 (8) Real estate8973.125.912.91192.175.212.134.5155.315.645.878.771.7128.9248.492.521.9211.6286.4216.02851.6 (9) Transport and communications21804.5116.456.13633.3230.830.772.5433.8112.5138.0421.9200.7339.6728.2252.445.3626.81501.1274.74587.3 (10) Service activities84067.4582.4289.320690.42200.0150.2582.22764.4219.6672.31162.91063.62131.34443.21736.6282.33281.87504.12651.110636.1 2. Producers of government services2163.89.31.1229.535.53.07.842.45.610.513.79.317.731.918.23.530.386.132.8195.3 3. Producers of private non−profit services to households0.40.00.00.30.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.20.00.00.00.00.00.0 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 (less) Direct purchases in the domes- tic market by non−resident house- holds0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 Total intermediate input391421.46559.4745.0189928.920531.21702.75748.817417.67341.94393.716851.67134.517414.434011.731156.12108.124116.140506.99704.729660.2 Consumption of fixed capital84901.01815.4151.018480.81347.9138.4677.22025.3352.4679.91651.7796.31857.44394.22138.2251.62170.45494.35467.05796.8 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies37379.9340.169.515591.14072.4145.8338.7869.23230.1399.7915.2541.1984.31563.61007.4139.81383.72085.41452.16593.6 Compensation of employees230459.71985.5380.459317.85336.11069.01466.03194.0272.12182.42939.44541.47847.111351.26497.11201.611420.527523.93571.841378.9 Operating surplus and mixed income115756.54754.825.718049.73627.5−281.0755.13059.61757.9544.81772.0144.9792.52761.01285.5127.01702.92026.03085.516891.5 Gross output859918.615455.21371.6301368.334915.12774.98985.826565.712954.48200.524129.913158.228895.754081.742084.33828.140793.677636.523281.1100321.0 Reference: Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (5)
Appended Table 3 Use Table （balanced, calendar year 2000, Billion yen） Part 2 Products (Goods and Services), Industry, (Billion Yen)
(7) Finance and insurance(8) Real estate
(9) Transport and communi- cations
(10) Service activities
2. Producers of government services
3. Producers of private non−profit services to households
Imputed bank service charge
Total intermediate input (B)
Statistical discrepancy （C)=(A−B)
Interme- diate consump- tion（A)
Government final consumption expenditure
Private final consumption expenditure
Domestic final consumption expenditure of households
Final consumption expenditure of private non−profit institutions serving households
Gross fixed capital forma- tion
Changes in invento- ries
Exports (the f.o.b. prices)
Total Demand 1. Industries12370.3 6510.422493.2 71332.6 17074.2 3476.423294.1 433101.90.0 433101.927292.0 263536.4263536.40.0 129033.61373.6 55241.3 909578.9 (1) Agriculture, forestry and fishing0.0 0.7 4.9 1933.7149.5 64.4−14405.2 0.0 14405.2 0.0 7295.87295.80.0 205.5 794.9 83.422784.7 (2) Mining0.0 0.0 9.6 3.2 3.0 1.2 −11053.3 0.0 11053.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −4.4 53.720.311122.8 (3) Manufacturing1517.6255.4 4700.533064.1 5897.71237.3−225089.50.0 225089.546.3108516.4108516.40.0 51659.1 525.0 49422.0 435258.3 a. Food products and beverages0.0 0.3 11.68973.6479.9 137.7 −17941.0 0.0 17941.0 0.0 49077.8 49077.8 0.0 0.0 618.7 215.0 67852.5 b. Textiles0.4 0.1 23.8141.4 12.26.7 −2805.20.0 2805.20.0 247.7 247.7 0.0 188.8 −12.5625.6 3854.8 c. Pulp, paper and paper products84.912.4235.1 558.3 78.062.4−9577.70.0 9577.70.0 1812.21812.20.0 0.0 41.6294.6 11726.1 d. Chemicals1.1 2.2 37.98627.2193.7 76.5−26838.3 0.0 26838.3 0.0 5399.25399.20.0 0.0 −44.63796.335989.2 e. Petroleum and coal products99.4105.4 2265.81405.2718.8 97.0−14125.3 0.0 14125.3 0.0 4606.14606.10.0 0.0 455.4 308.6 19495.4 f. Non−metallic mineral products0.9 5.1 41.6376.7 70.820.7−10571.7 0.0 10571.7 0.0 587.2 587.2 0.0 0.0 −96.2693.6 11756.3 g. Basic metal0.0 0.0 60.0141.4 12.21.0 −26380.1 0.0 26380.1 0.0 −6.2 −6.2 0.0 −4.9 −36.62619.428951.8 h. Fabricated metal products3.0 24.0117.9 278.8 221.2 8.4 −15057.1 0.0 15057.1 0.1 657.5 657.5 0.0 466.8 −70.5559.1 16670.2 i. Machinery0.0 0.1 79.21701.151.80.1 −10251.2 0.0 10251.2 0.0 151.5 151.5 0.0 19130.1 −410.0 7969.437092.3 j. Electrical machinery, equipment and supplies7.2 2.0 74.01301.7452.6 1.4 −25695.0 0.0 25695.0 0.0 12856.9 12856.9 0.0 17363.2 591.8 16894.6 73401.5 k. Transport equipment0.1 0.0 767.3 1823.01097.30.1 −22977.4 0.0 22977.4 0.0 9234.29234.20.0 8964.3−51.1 12110.453235.2 l. Precision instruments2.9 0.3 4.0 492.3 54.69.0 −1608.20.0 1608.20.0 1651.21651.20.0 2438.2−34.81391.67054.4 m. Others1317.7103.5 982.3 7243.42454.6816.4 −41261.5 0.0 41261.5 46.222862.0 22862.0 0.0 2491.1−426.1 1943.768178.5 (4) Construction160.1 2831.7590.0 867.8 1002.8244.0 −9095.70.0 9095.70.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 68881.2 0.0 0.0 77976.9 (5) Electricity, gas and water supply220.5 214.0 1080.93922.52131.5249.4 −17455.0 0.0 17455.0 0.0 7139.27139.20.0 0.0 0.0 10.524604.7 (6) Wholesale and retail trade0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 −677.2 0.0 677.2 0.0 905.9 905.9 0.0 495.2 0.0 252.9 2331.2 (7) Finance and insurance1150.0413.1 790.0 1237.2248.4 116.2 23294.1 31275.9 0.0 31275.9 0.0 11697.4 11697.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 353.9 43327.2 (8) Real estate652.3 406.4 1033.22296.396.095.4−9164.50.0 9164.50.0 55242.9 55242.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 79.364486.7 (9) Transport and communications1436.4131.6 6501.33566.31788.5285.7 −23878.7 0.0 23878.7 0.7 18795.8 18795.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 2888.645563.8 (10) Service activities7233.42257.57782.824440.3 5756.81182.8−91007.0 0.0 91007.0 27245.0 52464.2 52464.2 0.0 9276.00.0 2130.4 182122.5 2. Producers of government services41.543.1410.5 1114.6113.5 26.6−2303.90.0 2303.957649.7 3207.93207.90.0 0.0 0.1 4.4 63166.0 3. Producers of private non−profit services to households0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 −0.4 0.0 0.4 0.0 12444.0 7051.25392.80.0 0.0 10.112454.5 Direct purchases abroad by resident households0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2819.42819.40.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2819.4 (less) Direct purchases in the domes- tic market by non−resident house- holds0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 −262.9 −262.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 262.9 0.0 Total intermediate input12411.8 6553.522903.7 72447.3 17187.7 3503.023294.1 435406.20.0 435406.284941.7 280266.0274873.25392.8 130512.5 1373.7 55518.7 988018.8 Consumption of fixed capital3613.418858.5 7905.417318.5 13212.8 856.7 0.0 98970.5 Taxes on production and imports less subsidies−361.0 3242.73233.85132.769.3160.2 0.0 37609.4 Compensation of employees12390.6 3748.919462.9 60699.0 32691.7 7924.40.0 271075.7 Operating surplus and mixed income14802.2 32013.8 4218.819888.5 0.0 0.0 −23294.1 92462.4 Gross output42857.0 64417.4 57724.6 175486.063161.5 12444.3 0.0 935524.3 Reference: Annual Report on National Accounts of 2010 Supporting Tables (1) and (5)
Introduction
The aim of this paper is to consider the pre-liminary attempts of overcoming the traditions of the German statistical school and E. Slutskyʼs role in introducing the ideas and methods of the biometrical school of K. Pearson at the begin-ning of the 20th century in Russia. In this paper, Slutskyʼs methodology will be looked at through an analysis of his book, Theory of correlation and elements of distribution curves study (handbook for studying some of the most important elements in modern statistics (1912))1. Under the influ-ence of this book, Russian statisticians had sep-arated into two groups−those who supported the application of the correlation theory and those who rejected it. This split of the Russian statistics community had great consequences
for the evaluation of statistics in education and research in Russia.
１． Appearance of correlation theory in