1425
s
,ill,
s
.pt
'137S
300
1o7
1 o6
c.
g los
e
.i2,'S lo4
:g
2
$ lo3
.-'9
.'!es;,lo2
e
1oi
1 oo
sm e cde e
Gd
Cl
e Ti V C.O ee Mn Mo
ee
s s
Ke Mg
cr Nieee
Ca
Fe Na
ee
eSi
1 o'3 1 o'2 1 o'i 1oo 1oi
Detection limit, pg
1o2 1 o3
Figure 4.5 Plot ofanalytical sensitivity versus detection limit ofthe studied elements by MPGA.
Table 4.2 Comparison of signal-to-noise ratio (SIN) , elemental sensitivity and detection 1imit for Allende meteorite in three sorting modes of MPGA.
Coin. Energy
pair(keV)eqb Normal SN
Sensitivity (cpslg) Detection limit (pglg)CElerr}ents
Add-back
Anti-coinNormal Add-back
.ttinti-coin NorrnalAdd-back
Anti-coinGd Sm
Ti
Ca Ni Co Fe
Mg
Si
Cr
Mn K
Na
Cl S
182-780 334-439 1762-1499 2002-1943 339-2842 230-497
352-1261 585-2828 1273-2093
835-1785 105-271
1 159-770
91-781 1165-786 841-2380
O.080 O.118 3.07
339
O.53 O.61 7.77 12.1 5.00 2.15 O.1O O.04 O.050
3.35 16.9
O.144 O.230 4.80 8.12 1.35 1.21 12.2 23.8 10e5 4.57 O.27 O.49 O.162
658
23.8
O.123 O.273 5.11 7.63 1.35 1.22 12.6 25.4 10e9 4e13 O.27
030
O.205 6.73
32A
584597 1266087 3494 16.8 23 5089 56 19
4.1
79 1298 28 32 3551 108
534369 1269362 3898 35.0 34 5362 79 33 75
125 1370 165 49 5498 196
339736 1022384 2606 15.9 21 4017 49 17 3.6 61 i214 69 45 2974 98
O.300 O.096
31
1131 3049 44
1582 1734 6077 415 157
277 1720 12
283
O.164 O.076
18 517
149132 1093
922 2862
238 127 128 1275
6.1 181O.263 O.086
24 807 2035 35
1336 1250 4267 310 132 188 1477
8.3215
"Coincidence data from Chu et al. (1999).
bNuclear data from NNDC (201O).
CEIemental contents ofAllende are from Jarosewich et al. (1987) and Kallemeyen et al. (1981; 1988); contents of JB-1 from imai et al. (1995).
Tahle 4.3 Ca abundances (O/o) ofthe Allende meteortte and GSJ reference material JB-2.
Sarmple
Run No.
Ca content (O/o)(1942.6-519.5) keV (1942.62oo1.ol keV
Allende
1OM02b
1OM04 10M07 1OM07
Average Å} oa RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value literature valueC
1.99 Å}
1.71 Å}
1.73 Å}
1.82 Å}
1.81 Å}
7
O.97 1.86 Å}
O.12 O.05 O.08 O.08 O.13
O.06
1.73 Å} O.14 1.74 Å} O.06 1.75 Å} O.07 1.91 Å} O.08 1.78 Å} O.08 5
O.96
B2 10M02b
1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
7.23 Å} O.29 6.89 Å} O.18 7.15 Å} O.18 7.09 Å} O.18
2
1.01 7.02
7.07 Å} O.38 6.71 Å} O.18 7.09 Å} O.18 6.96 Å} O.21 3 O.99
aStandard deviation (16)•
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
eAverage of17 replicate analyses by UCLA group (Keilemeyn et al., 1981; 1989).
dlMai et aL (1995)•
Tabie 4.4 Cl abundances (pglg) ofthe Allen de meteorite and (}SJ reference mateha1 B-2.
Sarrrple
Run No. -m---glgguwaL--.mts--
1951.1-517.1 keV 1164.9-786.3keV
786.3-517.1keV
Allende
1OM02b
1OM04 1OM07 10M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (O/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
d
279 Å} 8 394 Å} 9 432 Å} 9 369 Å} 80
22
1.17 316
d
290 Å} 10 388 Å} 10 391 Å} 10 356 Å} 57
16
1.13
d
317 Å}
388 Å}
4ou Å}
369 Å}
13
1.17 12 10 10 46
B-2 1OM02b
1OM07 10M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (O/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valuee
286 Å} 7 410 Å} 9 agO Å} 9 379 Å} 82
22
1.35 281
260 Å}8 385 Å} 10 422 Å} 10 356 Å} 85
24
1.27
229 Å}
378 Å}
407 Å}
338 Å}
28
1.20 6 10 10 95
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CE. Jarosewich et al. (1987).
dAnomalous value was obtained due to Cl contaminated sarrrple h eimi et al. (1995)•
older used.
Table 4.5 Co abundances (pglg) ofthe Allende meteorite.
Sarrrple
Run No.
277.1-158.5
keV
229.7-497.3keV
229.7-717.4keV
Allende
B-2
1OM02b 1OMoo 10M07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
10M02b
1 OM0710M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (e/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
335 Å} 7 613 Å} 15 4ca Å} 10 378 Å} 10 432 Å} 124
29
O.65 662 Å} 7
d
38
833 Å}
915 Å}
860 Å}
960 Å}
892 Å}
6
1.35
77.8 Å}
100 Å}
108 Å}
95.3 Å}
16
2.51 37 28 23 25 57
28.8 14 14 15.6
1022 Å} 66 1475 Å} 69 943 Å} 213 1004 Å} 39 1111 Å} 245
22
1.68
131 Å}
162 Å}
165 Å}
153 Å}
12
4.02 61 28 30 19
"Standard deviation (16)•
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CAverage of 17 replicate analyses by UorA group (Kellemeyn et al., 1981; 1989).
dNot detected.
Tahle 4.6 Cr abundances (pglg) ofthe Ailende meteorite.
Sarrrp le
Run No.
834.7-1784.7 keV 2239. 1-834.
keV
Allende
10M02b 1OM04 10M07 10M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value literature valueC
4719 Å} 407 4710 Å} 212 5864 Å} 260 5613 Å} 258 5227 Å} 600 11
1.44 3640 Å} 30
6160 Å} 496 4961 Å} 242 5038 Å} 282 5793 Å} 296 5488 Å} 585 11
1.51
B-2 1OM02b
10M07 10M07
Literature valuee 28.1
d d d
d d d
"Standard deviation (16)•
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CAverage of 17 replicate analyses by U(XLA group (Kellemeyn et al., dNot detected.
elrnai et al. (1995).
1981; 1989).
Table 4.7 Fe abundances (O/o) ofthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-2.
Sarrrple
Run No.
Fe content (O/o)(352.4-1260.ol keV (352.4-898.3) keV (692-1O19) keV Allende
1OM02b
10Mca 10M07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
22.8 Å} O.7 22.7 Å} O.3 22.3 Å} O.3 23.0 Å} O.3 22.7 Å} O.3 1 O.96 23.7 Å} O.2
23.9 Å} O.8 22.7 Å} O.3 23•1 Å} Oe4 24.2 Å} O.4 23.5 Å} O.7
3
O.99
23.0 Å} O.8 22.7Å} O.4 22.7 L O.4 23.9 Å} OA 23.1 Å} O.6
3
O.97
B2 1OM02b
10M07 10M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
10.1 Å} 03 9•91 Å} Oe2 IO.3 I O.2 10.1 Å} O.2
2
1.01 9.97
10.5 Å} O.4 10.0 Å} O.2 lo.4 Å} o.2 10.3 Å} O.3
2
1.03
10.3 Å} O.4 10.5 Å} O.2 10.5 Å} O.2 10.5 Å} O.1
1
1.05
aStandard deviation (16)•
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CAverage of17 replicate analyses by UCI.A group (Kellemeyn et al., dimai et al. (1995)•
1981; 1989).
Tahle 4.8 Gd abundances (pglg) ofthe Ailen de meteorite and GSJ reference material B-2.
Sarrrple RunNo. (]klcontent 1
Ailende 10M02b 1OM04 1OM07 1OM07 Average Å} 6a
RSD (O/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueCJB-2 10M02b
1OM07 1OM07 AverageÅ}6a '
RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valuedO.542 Å} O.039 O.405 Å} O.071 O.389 Å} O.088 O.336 Å} O.088 O.418 Å} O.088
21
1.06O.394 Å} O.O07 3.31 Å} O.28 3.50 Å} O.14 3.52 Å} O.15 3.44 Å} O.11
3
1.05 3.28
"Standard deviation (16)•
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CShinotsuka et al. (199D.
dlmai et aL (1995)•
Tahle 4.9 K abundances (O/o) ofthe Allen de meteorite and GSJ reference mateha1 B-2.
Sarrrple
Run No.
Kcontent (O/o)(1 158.9-770.3) keV Allende
1OM02b
1OM04 10M07 10M07
Average Å} o"
RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
o.o3s Å} o.o14 O.024 Å} O.O06 O.O17 Å} O.O07 O.O15 Å} O.O07 O.024 Å} O.OIO
43
O.80 O.030
B-2 1OM02b
1OM07 10M07
Average Å} ffa RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value literature valued
O.326 Å} O.O19.
0.339 Å} O.O15 O.361 Å} O.O16 O.342 Å} 0.018
5
O.98 O.350 aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CAverage of 17 replicate analyses by U( IA group (Kellemeyn et al., dlmai et al. (1995)•
1981; 1989).
Table 4.10 Mg abundances (O/o) ofthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-1.
Coincidence prompt gamma-ray in keVa
diLgEL)
Average(O/o) Relativete
recom, value
sc11d(
Average (O/o) Relative to recom. value 585.1(100) - 2828.8(75.7)1808.7(93.0) - 1129.6(46.0) 585.1(74.8) - 389.7(13.6) 389.7(13.6) - 3054(19.6) 1129.6(46.0) - 1003.3(8.2) 389.7(13.6) - 2438.5(10.6) 1808.7(93.0) - 1003.3(8.2)
Recommended valuesa
4.64Å}O.27 4.29Å}O.64 4.69Å}O.54 4. 1 7Å}O.42 5.37Å}O.96 3.98Å}O.56 3.56Å}1.08
4.65
1.0() LO.06 O.92Å}O.14 1.01Å}O.12 O.90Å}O.09 1.16Å}O.21 O.86Å}O.12 O.76Å}O.23
13.8Å}O.3 13.4Å}O.8 13.0Å}O.8 12.4Å}O.9 13.4Å}1.2 13.6Å}O.8 13.8Å}O.4
14.8
O.93Å}O.02 O.91Å}O.05 O.88Å}O.05 O.84Å}O.06 O.91Å}O.08 O.92Å}O.05 O.93Å}O.03
aRecommended value of JB-1 from Imai et al. (1995) whereas for Allende average of 17 replicate analyses by UCLA group (Kallemeyn et al., 1981; 1989).
Tahle 4.11 Mn abundances
(O/o) ofthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-2.Samp le
Run No.
Mn content (O/o)(1on.683.9) keV (1on.6-271.2) keV Allende
1OM02b
1OM04 10M07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
O.167 Å} O.O16 O.141 Å} O.O06 O.118 Å} O.O07 O.136 Å} O.O08 O.140 Å} O.020
14
O.97 O.145 Å} O.O03
O.138 Å}
O.138 Å}
O.137 Å}
O.130 Å}
O.135 Å}
3
O.93
O.027 O.027 O.O13 O.O13 o.oon
B2 10M02b
10M07 10M07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
O.189 Å} O.022 O.163 Å} O.O09 O.178 Å} O.O09 O.177 Å} O.O13
7
1.05 O.169
O.187 Å}
O.181 Å}
O.18S Å}
O.184 Å}
2
1.09
O.040 O.O16 O.016 O.O03
aStandard deviation (la)•
bRelative standard deviation (lo, O/o).
CAverage of17 replicate analyses by UCIA group (Kellemeyn et al., 1981; 1989).
dlmai et al. (1995)•
Tabie 4.12 Na abundances (O/o) ofthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-2.
Sarrrple
Run No.
Na content' O/o91.0-781.4 keV
91.a2517.5 keV
91.0-2414.5 keV 91.a2208.4keV
Allende
1OM02b 1OM04 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
O.300 Å} O.038 0.361 Å} 0.073 O.260 Å} 0.071 O.255 Å} O.079 O.294 Å} O.049
17
O.89
O.329 Å} O.Oca
O.288 Å} O.050 O.263 Å} O.052 O.355 Å} O.072 O.306 Å} O.077 O.303 Å} O.039
13
O.92
O.298 Å} O.M2 O.376 Å} O.063 O.377 Å} O.077 o.346 Å} o.loo O.349 Å} O.037
11
1.06d d
O.198 Å} O.139 O.3i4 Å} O.146 O.256 Å} O.082
32
O.78
B-2 1OM02b
1OM07 10M07
Average Å} 6"
RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valuee
1.44 Å} O.21 1.40 Å} O.11 1.63 L O.l2 1.49 Å} O.12
8
O.99 1.51
1.38 Å} O.27 1.43 Å} O.12 1.66 Å} O.13 1.49 Å} O.15
10
Oe99
125 Å} O.22 1•38 Å} Oe12 le43 Å} Oe12 1.36 Å} O.09
7
O.90
1.48 Å} O.45 1.24 Å} O.19 1.67 Å} O.22 1.46 Å} O.22
15
O.97
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CAverage of17 replicate analyses by UCIA group (Kellemeyn & Wasson, 1981; Kellemeyn et al., 1989).
dNot detected.
elmai et aL (1995)•
89
Tahle 4.13 Ni abundances (O/o) ofthe Ailende meteorite.
Sample Run No.
Nicontent O/o155.5-362.1 keV 155.5-845.5
keV
464.9-1949.9 keV 339.4-2842.1keV
Allende
1OM02b 10M04 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value literature valueC
2.64 Å}
2.60 Å}
2.62 Å}
2.87 Å}
2.69 Å}
5
1.99 1.35 Å}
O.14 O.09 O.10 Oe11 O.13
O.02
1.68 Å}
1.53 Å}
1.70 Å}
2.02 Å}
1.73 Å}
12
1.28 O.31 O. 14 O.17 O.18 O.21
1.70 Å} O.16 1.84 Å} O.08 1.71 Å} O.09 1.83 Å} O.09 1.77 Å} O.07
4
1.31
158 Å}
1.62 Å}
1.67 Å}
1.81 Å}
1.67 Å}
5
1.24
O.18 O.09 O.11 O.11 O.09
aStandard deviation (lo)•
bRelative standard deviation (lo, O/o).
CAverage of 17 replicate analyses by U(ILA group (Kellemeyn & Wasson, 1981; Kellemeyn et al., 1989).
90
Tabie 4.14 S abundances (o/o) ofthe Ailende meteorite.
Sarrrple
Run No.
S content (O/o)(841.0-2379.D keV (841.0-2930.D keV Allende
1OM02b
1OM04 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} ea RSD (O/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
1.79 Å}
2.18 Å}
2.09 Å}
2.28 Å}
2.09 Å}
10
O.97 2.14
O.06 O.03 O.04 O.04 O.21
185 Å} O.10 2.23 Å} O.06 2.11 Å} O.06 2.33 Å} O.06 2.13 Å} O.21
10
O.99
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CE. Jarosewich et al. (1987).
Table 4.15 Si abundances (O/o) ofthe Allen de meteorite and GSJ reference material B-2.
Sarxp le
Run No.
Si content (O/o)(1273.3-2092.9) keV (1273.3-3539.0) keV Ailende
1OM02b
1OMe4 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
15.3 Å}
14.0 Å}
15.5 Å}
16.3 Å}
15.3 Å}
6
O.95 16.031.0 O.4 O.5 O.6 leO
14.8 Å}
14.0 Å}
15.2 Å}
16.1 Å}
15.0 Å}
6 O.94
l.3
O.5 O.7 O.7 O.9
B-2
10M02b 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} oa RSD (O/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
26.3 Å}
25.2 he 26.6 Å}
26.1 Å}
3
1.05 24.89
1.6 O.7 O.8 O.7
25.7 Å}
24.8 Å}
24.6 Å}
25.0 Å}
2
1.01 2.2 O.9 O.9 O.6
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CE. Jarosewich et al. (1987).
dlmai et al. (1995)•
Tahle 4.16 Sm abundances (pglg) ofthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-2.
Sarrrple
Run No.
333.9439.4 keV 333.9-737.5 keV
Allende
B-2
1OM02b 1OM04 1OM07*
1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
1OM 02b
1OM07*
1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/.)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
O.282 Å}
O.319 Å}
O.645 Å}
O.460 Å}
O.354 Å}
27
1.11 O.318 Å}
2.43 Å}
3.73 Å}
2.70 Å}
2.56 Å}
7
1.11 2.31
O.083 O.034 O.O78 O.051 O.094
O.O02 O.10 O.1O O.07 O. 19
O.428 Å}
O.242 Å}
O. 71 7 Å}
O.437 Å}
O.369 Å}
30 L16
2.ca Å}
3.43 Å}
2.39 Å}
2.22 Å}
11
O.96
O.260 O.109 0.258•
O.172 O.110
O.22 O.29 O.20 O.25
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
Cshinotsuka et al. (199b.
dlmai et al (1995)•
*Data fromthis run atalic) are not considered for average and RSD calculation.
Tabie 4.17 Ti abundances (mglg)o fthe Allende meteorite and GSJ reference material JB-2.
Sarrrple
Run No.
Ti content /1381e7-341•
keV
1762.0-1498. keV 1381•7-1793e5keV
Allende
1OM02b 1OM04 1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6a RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valueC
1.06 Å} O.02 O.994 Å} O.O16 1.02 Å} O.02 1.04 Å} O.02 1.03 Å} O.03
3
1.15 O.899
O.805 Å} O.055 O.781 Å} O.065 O.835 Å} O.080 1.00 Å} O.09 O.856 Å} O.101 12
O.95
O.693 Å} O.061 O.657 Å} O.087 O.701 Å} O.104 O.625 Å} O.102 O.669 Å} O.035
5
O.74
B-2 1OM02b
1OM07 1OM07
Average Å} 6"
RSD (o/,)b Relative to lit. value Literature valued
7.53 Å} O.12 7.19 Å} O.06 7.54 Å} O.06 7.39 Å} O.18
2
1.04 7.10
7.38 Å} O.51 7.24 Å} O.27 7.35 Å} O.27 7.32 Å} O.07 1 a.o3
6.76 Å} O.60 7.06 Å} O.32 7.05 Å} O.32 6.96 Å} O.17
2
O.98
aStandard deviation (16).
bRelative standard deviation (16, O/o).
CE. Jarosewich et al. (1987).
dimai et aL (1995)•
Table 4.18 Suggested coincident prompt gamma-ray pair(s) for multi--element determination in geological and cosmochemical samples using M]jGA.
Element
Coincident air(s)Ca Cd
Cl
Co Cr Fe
Gd Mg K
Mti
Mo Na Ni
s
siSm
Ti
V
1942.6 - 519,5 keV, 1942.6 - 2001.6 keV
558.5- 651.2 keV
1164.9 - 786.3 keV, 786.3 - 517.1 keV 229.7 - 497.3 keV
834.7 -- 1784,7 keV
352.4 - 1260.6 keV, 352.4 - 898.3 keV
181.9- 780.1 keV
1158.9 - 770,3 keV 585.1 -- 2828,2 keV 104.6 - 271.2 keV 778.3 - 848.8 keV
91.0 - 781.4 keV, 91,O keV - 2517.5 339.4 - 2842,1 keV
841.0 - 2379.7 keV, 841.0 - 2930.7 keV 1273.3 - 3539.0 keV, 1273.3 - 2092.9 keV 333.9 - 439.4 keV
1762.0 - 1498.7 keV 125.0 - 645.7 keV
Table 4.19 MPGA detection limits (DL) and analytical sensitivities (cpslg) for some elements and comparison with other cold neutron SPGA facilities,
Elements Energypair MPGA SPGAa NIST, DL (pg) DL (pg) DL (p g)
Ba count-norm.
Sensitivity (cpslg)
Sensitivity
cpslg Gdc
Mod
Smc
Tic
Cac Vd Ni Co
FeC
Mg
Sic
Cr MnC
Kc NaC
CI s Cdd
182-782 778-849 334-439 1762-1498 1943-2002 125-646
339-2842 230-497 352-1261 585-2828 1273-2093
834-1785 105-271
1159-770 91-781
1165-786 841-2380 558-651
O.O081
1.9 0.0036
O.6810
1.2 5.0
O.1738
6.7
74 Ll
6.1
O.6960
O.035 O.58 O.O062
O.O047
3.3
O.O030 O.669.7 5,1 5.1
O.8116 70 33
3.8 2.2 4.2
13
O,50
9.4
O.O070O.015
52
O.030
10 140 20 70 16 140 600 400 28 14 44 40
4.0
75
O.05
1.52E+OO 3.75E-03 4.55E+OO
1e15E-O1
7.96E-04
1.45E-N02 1 .20E-03 1.55E-Ol 1.89E-037.85E-04
1.90E•-043.32E-03 3.73E-02 7.72E-03 1.03E-04
1.69E-Ol7.29E-03
1 .77E+OO4.3E+05
455
1.3E+06
2276 27 1755 27 1292 30 32
6.3
44 538 112 29 2813
139
2.IE+05
aYonezawa (1993). Paul et al. (1997).
CEIemental contents ofJB-1 from lmai et al. (1995).
dElemental contents ofJSO-2 from Terashima et al. (2000).
Table 4.20 Analytical results for the CI meteorite Orgueil by MPGA.
Element MPGA SPGA
Compilation datadEnergy paira'b (kev) Contents
Energya
(keV)
Contents (n=3)Contents Ne
Gd, pglg
Sm, ptglgTi, O/o Ca, O/o Ni, O/o
Co, pgtg
Fe, O/o Mg, O/o
si, o/,
Cr, pgtg Mn, O/o K, O/o Na, O/e Cl, pglg
s, o/o
1 82-780