100 転が可能であることを確認した。
⑥基礎試験装置の運転においては、タービン入口圧力（P6H）が一定となるように循環流 量を調節することで、入力条件の変動に対して安定した制御が可能であった。
⑦基礎試験の結果より、タービン理論ΔQとタービン実測ΔQの差が大きく、タービン で利用しきれなかったエネルギーがタービン排気中に多く存在していた。
⑧タービンで利用できなかった排熱を回収するための熱交換器（補助蒸発器）を備えた、
CASE5フローの提案と試算を行い、性能が最も高かったCASE4フローと比較して、10%
の出力上昇が見られた。
タービン排熱を回収するフローを用いて、汚泥焼却設備へのバイナリー発電システム の導入効果を求めたことで、以下の知見が得られた。
⑨汚泥処理規模100～300t/d相当の焼却炉への導入を想定した試算を行うことで、送電 量が120kW～440kWの導入効果が得られ、CO2削減量が476t-CO2/年～1746 t-CO2/年の 導入効果が得られることが確認された。
⑩従来発電技術である、有機ランキンサイクル発電や蒸気ボイラー＋水蒸気発電と比較 して、開発技術が高い発電性能を有することが確認された。
参考文献
101 参考文献 (1) 経済産業省, エネルギー基本計画（2014）.
(2)福田,他，三菱重工技報, 51（1）, 23-29(2014).
(3)山田,他, エネルギー・資源, l34（1）, 34-38(2013).
(4)河合素直監修, 工場の低温排熱発電と排熱利用技術～100 度以下の排熱有効利用：
バイナリー発電技術～,(サイエンス＆テクノロジー)(2011).
(5)経済産業省, 未利用エネルギー面的活用熱供給導入促進ガイド(2007).
(6)Kalina,A.I. Proc. Int. Symp. Ocean Technol., Imari,（1994-11）,3-22.
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(8)森,他,産業機械,560,6-10（1997）.
(9)Xinxin,Z. et.al., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Revews, 16(2012),5309-5318.
(10)櫛部、アンモニアおよびアンモニア/水を用いたプレート式蒸発器に関する研究 佐賀大学博士論文、（2006）.
(11)日本下水道協会、下水道統計（平成23年度版）.
(12) 丹 澤, 他,Development of the Stirling engine generator using hot spring heat(Design of an experimental system), 日本気化学会関東支部第17期総会講演会論文 集, 497-498（2011）.
(13)飯田 努, 排熱を電気エネルギーに直接変換してCO2を削減, The Chemical Society of Japan, Vol.59, No.11, 572-573(2011).
(14)S. Yamashita, Exergy Analysis on the Kalina Cycle and the Organic Rankin Cycle, Journal of Japan Society of Energy and Resource, Vol. 35, No. 6, 21-28(2014).
(15) Y.Ikegami, et.al., Performance Test of Doubule-stage Cycle experimental plant for OTEC, Procedia Engineering, 105 , 713-718 ,(2015).
(16)G. Shu, et.al., Study of mixture based on hydrocarbons used in ORC(Organic Rankine Cycle) for engine waste heat recovery, Energy, 74, 428-438(2014).
(17)F.Cataldo et.al., Fluid selection of Organic Rankine Cycle for low-temperature waste heat recovery based on thermal optimization, Energy , 72, 159-167(2014).
(18)櫛部他, Performane Analysis on Optimum Mass Fraction of Working Fluid for Kalina Cycle Using Warm Wastewater, The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 71,706, 186-193(2005).
102
(19) K.Mizoguchi, 低温熱源回収 250kW 級小型バイナリー発電設備「グリーンバイナリー タービン」, Gas Turbine Society of Japan, Vol.41, No.6, 473-476 (2013).
(20)石田,下水処理場における小型バイナリー発電の導入マニュアルの概要,月間下水 道,Vol.37,No.9,65-71(2014).
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図表一覧
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図表一覧
図一覧
Fig. 1-1 Geothermal power generation (existing technology) ··· 5
Fig.1-2 Binary power generation ··· 5
Fig.1-3 Rankin cycle T-s diagram ··· 6
Fig.1-4 Kalina cycle T-s diagram ··· 6
Fig.1-5 Flow of sewage treatment ··· 13
Fig.1-6 Breakdown of the energy consumption in the sewage treatment plant ··· 14
Fig.1-7 Flow of methane fermentation ··· 15
Fig.1-8 Flow of pyrolysis ··· 15
Fig.1-9 Flow of gasification ··· 16
Fig.1-10 Flow of waste heat boiler + steam turbine ··· 17
Fig.1-11 Flow of sludge incineration equipment ··· 18
Fig.1-12 Waste heat temperature and adaptation technology ··· 20
Fig.2-1 Rankine cycle ··· 22
Fig.2-2 Rankine cycle T-S diagram ··· 23
Fig.2-3 Kalina cycle ··· 23
Fig.2-4 Kalina cycle T-S diagram ··· 24
Fig.2-5 Kalina cycle CASE1 ··· 25
Fig.2-6 CASE1 temperatures change ··· 26
Fig.2-7 Kalina cycle CASE2 ··· 27
Fig.2-8 CASE2 temperatures change ··· 27
Fig.2-9 Kalina cycle CASE3 ··· 28
Fig.2-10 CASE3 temperatures change ··· 28
Fig.2-11 Kalina cycle CASE4 ··· 29
Fig.2-12 CASE4 temperatures change ··· 30
Fig.2-13 Rankine cycle CASE R1 ··· 30
Fig.2-14 Rankine cycle CASE R2 ··· 31
104
Fig.2-15 Influence of heat source temperature difference ··· 31
Fig.2-16 Relationship of heat source temperature difference at Q,η,W ··· 32
Fig.2-17 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE1 ··· 44
Fig.2-18 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE2 ··· 45
Fig.2-19 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE3 ··· 46
Fig.2-20 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE4 ··· 47
Fig.2-21 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE R1 ··· 48
Fig.2-22 Schematic flow chart of the calculation CASE R2 ··· 48
Fig.2-23 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on net power ··· 52
Fig.2-24 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on cycle efficiency ··· 54
Fig.2-25 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on heat rate (input) ··· 54
Fig.2-26 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on turbine pressure ··· 55
Fig.2-27 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on turbine temperature ··· 55
Fig.2-28 T-S diagram (CASE1) ··· 56
Fig.2-29 T-S diagram (CASE2) ··· 56
Fig.2-30 T-S diagram (CASE3) ··· 57
Fig.2-31 T-S diagram (CASE4) ··· 57
Fig.2-32 Heat exchange process at CASE1 ··· 58
Fig.2-33 Heat exchange process at CASE2 ··· 58
Fig.2-34 Heat exchange process at CASE3 ··· 59
Fig.2-35 Heat exchange process at CASE4 ··· 59
Fig.2-36 Effect of y and UA on net power ··· 60
Fig.2-37 Effect of heater and super heater on net power ··· 61
Fig.3-1 Schematic flow diagram of the test plant ··· 65
Fig.3-2 Appearance of test plant ··· 65
Fig.3-3 Operation condition ··· 71
Fig.3-4 Temperature change ··· 74
Fig.3-5 Pressure change ··· 75
Fig.3-6 Change of flow rates working fluid, warm water, cold water and hot air · 75 Fig.3-7 Change of electric power generation and turbine revolution speed ··· 76
Fig.3-8 Temperature change ··· 77
図表一覧
105
Fig.3-9 Pressure change ··· 77
Fig.3-10 Change of flow rate of working fluid ··· 78
Fig.3-11 Change of heat exchange capacity and electric power generation ··· 78
Fig.3-12 Relationship of hot air temperature and T6H, QSH in super heater ··· 79
Fig.3-13 Relationship of hot air temperature and ΔTm, USH in super heater ···· 79
Fig.3-14 Relationship temperature of turbine inlet vapor theoretical ΔQ, measured ΔQ, WGE ··· 80
Fig.3-15 Relationship of cold water of the theoretical ΔQ ··· 81
Fig.3-16 Relationship of hot water of QE, QSH ··· 82
Fig.3-17 CASE1 T-S diagram ... 83
Fig.3-18 CASE4 T-S diagram ... 83
Fig.3-19 Kalina cycle CASE5 ··· 84
Fig.3-20 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on net power (CASE5) ··· 86
Fig.3-21 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on cycle efficiency (CASE5)··· 86
Fig.3-22 Effect of flow rate of working fluid on heat rate (input,CASE5) ··· 87
Fig.4-1 Flow of sludge incineration equipment ··· 90
Fig.4-2 Heat balance of sludge incineration equipment ··· 91
Fig.4-3 Binary cycle adaptation flow ··· 92
106
表一覧
Table 1-1 Example of the use of binary power generation system ··· 7
Table 1-2 Effect of working fluid ··· 10
Table 2-1 Input condition ··· 49
Table 2-2 Parameters of Kalina cycle ··· 49
Table 2-3 Parameters of Rankine cycle ··· 50
Table 2-4 Entropy generation rate ··· 60
Table 3-1 Heat source equipment ··· 66
Table 3-2 Cold source equipment ··· 66
Table 3-3 Heat exchanger specification (plate) ··· 66
Table 3-4 Heat exchanger specification (shell ＆ tube) ··· 67
Table 3-5 Test condition ··· 70
Table 3-6 Heat balance ··· 72
Table 3-7 Heat transfer performance and turbine efficiency ··· 72
Table 3-8 Test condition for stability evaluation ··· 73
Table 4-1 Supply condition of binary cycle ··· 92
Table 4-2 Result of calculation ··· 93
Table 4-3 Greenhouse gas reduction effect ··· 94
Table 4-4 Summary of power generation technology ··· 97
Table 4-5 Summary of performance at power generation ··· 98