gTudicnt.. 4) For .thc marglnul wavcllurnhcl' wl.th no Lopography.
t
.hc L nll1sl.tlon f
，
'om u barocJlnJcally s.tabl:c .to uns.table flow aCCUl'S ut.ぬ lowcr .t1，
crllluL Rossby nurllbcl・t.ha.tJ5. .tllc .topog raphy has U s.tablllzlng crrcct.. 5) Jn .thc l)1'cscn .texperJmcnt.t
.hc cylIIHlrlca. '! obs.taclc causcs barocllnlc wavcs wl.th wavenum‑
bcr 1. whlch 1..10 110 .tapPC8r' wl LhouL .thc obstucJc. Thc thcrmal Rossby nurnbcl' aL whlch .thcy apPC8r' 15 Jargcl' Lhan .thc crltlcal
t
.hcrmuJ Rossby numbcr' w1 Lh nO lopography. G) Duc Lo .the skewcd t
.crnperut.urc fleld 01‑ cnhanccd barocllnlcl .ty， .thc gr'ow.th raLe o[
barocllnlc wavcs Incl'caseS around .thc obs.taclc and .the ampllflcaLJon of barocllnlc wavcs Is obscrvcd 011 .the lcc side of .thc obs.taclc. ThJs phcnolllcnon of Icc cycJogcncsls 1n the skewed baslc tcmperaturc f1cJd 1s conslstcnt wlth the theor1cs or Nlcl1uus (.1980) und FI"edcr1kscn (.1979)
31
L
‑ ・ ー ← ー
^cknow lCdl，.'111Cn t
Thc autho，" wishcs lo exLcnd hls 51I1COI"C .thanks Lo Profes sors ~1. Uryu und " ・ J 'akahashJ ror thcJ ，‑ cri l.i ca J rcad Ing and sU制u'laLlng dlscusslolls of thls manuscl"[Pt.. Thunks arc 0150 duc Lo Profcssor S. Mlyahara [01" hls crL.tlcal rcadlng of .t11JS rnanuscrlpL and hts valuable advlcc 011 dcv.lslng .thc elcclron.lc measurlng sysLcln
L
^ppcIHl.lx ^ NoLu L I ons
a Inncr radLus of LI1C annulus b ouLcr
，
‑udJus or LllC onnl.llusC I
fluld dcpLIl of Lllc wOI‑kLng fJul.d 口 rOLaLlon raLc
r (= 2日 ) Corlolls paru
，
ncLcrd 'f 1
，
nposcd IlorJzonLal Lc，
nperaLurc dLffcrcnce1'0 mCOll LempcraLure beLwccn ouLcr ond Jnncr wolls k prcfcrred wovenu
，
nbcrk<;> wavcn 山nbcrof Lhc obsLoclc 11 hclghL of Llle obsLaclc
II‑r hclgllL of LhcrmlsLor‑LhcnnomcLcrs (r，O .z) cyllndrlcnl coordJnnLc
o
= 0 15 taken aL Lllc ccnLcr of LtlC obstuclem m‑Lh Fourler componcllt of barocl Inlc WUVC5
<'1可〉骨 zonal mean temperature
LcmpcraLure devlaLlon fro川<'1'>哩
<1> . tlme mean temperature
T" telnperaLurc devlatlon from <1・>.
r・2・r/dT normaLJzcd telnperature
ρ o
，
neun dcnslty of tllC worklng fluld〈 ρ>~ zonul meun denslty
a
ρdellsJ Ly dl fferencc correspondlng Lo t:. '1 ρ d ensJty devlatlon fro川 〈ρ〉伺u klncmutJc vlscoslty of tlle worklng fluJd at '1'
。
33
μ lhcnnal conducllvlly of lhc wor'klng fluld al To
IC lhcnnaJ dlffus.lvlLy of Lhc wor'klng fJuld aL T
。
g gravlLaLlonal accelcraLlon
Q 11Cal flow from ouLcr to Jrlncr wal I I^ρg
N (
" ' / 一一一一 )
日runt‑ValsllLll fr'cqucncy V ρ "dU(z) zonuJ vc]oclty
八 dU
( ー一一一
vcrllcal sllcar of zonal veJ oc1 ty dl^nd nondJnlcnslollal poramcLcrs COllsLruclcd from dlmcllslonal
paromclers above arc as fol1ows
。
r a
Pr
Nu
A ρgd
ρωO'(b‑a)' ) lhcrmal Rossby rlurnber
40'(b‑a)'
ν'd I'aylor numbcr
ν
κ Prandll l1urnbcl‑
( ~
In( 土
Q一一
a 1πμdl¥l NusscJL numbcr
^ppcndlx B
Thc structurc of WIlVCS wl th wllvcllumbcr 1
The stl'ucLurc of wavcs conslstlng of thc wavcllllmber 1 COIO‑ ponenL was measul'cd usJng thc sumc sysLclIl as dcscrlbcd 1n Sec‑ tlon 7. Expcrlrncntal paranrcLcrs are as follows: d '1' = 5.13~ ， 日 =2.218x 10‑1 rad/s， II/d "' 0，8， 9 = 1，824 and Ta 1.313x 10"'. Frorn Flg. 2(11)， lt 1s apparcllt lhat lhls panllneler range corresponds lo llle do川aln wlrJcl1 Quas1‑slallonary wavcs of wavcnurnber 1 most frequcntly appeur Flg 日1 shows lhe amp11lude and lllC pllusc 1111e for each FOllr1er componcnt ([rom lhe ground 1Il0dc lo thc foul~lh harmon1c) of lhc temperalure devlalion at a glvcn lllslancc Oolh lhe ump11 tude and lhe pllase l1no show tlle chnracterlst1c struclure of unslable barocllnlc waves， 1.e. lhc lIIaxlrnu川 即日plltude occurr1ng at 1II1d depth and the forward l11l of the phase 11ne. 1n Flg. 02， II 1s shown that th1s vertlcal struclul'e 1s not tClIlporal but quasl‑statlonury. Thls 1s especlnlly true for thc stnlcture of
the ground mode and the sccond harmonlc wlrlch dose Ilot change throughout the expcl'1ment. lIowcvel'， the lh11'd harmon1c docs sllow a ternporal cllange of lls slrucLurc 、
35
RcrcrCllCCs
日owdcn. ~I and II.F. Edcn. 1965: Thcrmal cOllvccl.lon In a rotatlng fluld annulus: '1・cmpCI'atul'C，Ilcot fiow and flow flc.ld
obscrvuLlons 111 Lllc uppcr sym川eLrlc rcglmc. J. ^trnos Scl.， 22， 185‑195
日oycr，D. and H. ‑H. Chen， 1987・LaboraLory slmulatlon of
mccllanlcol effcct of mounlolns 011 tllc gel1cral clrculatlon of thc Northern IIcmlsphcrc: unlforrn shcur background flow J. ^tmos. ScL.. 23， 3552‑3574
CchClsky， P. snd K.K. Tung， 1987: TI1COI'lc5 of lIIultJplc cqul llbrla und wcatllcr regJmc5 ‑^ crlLlcul rccxulnlnullon Parlll burocJlnlc lwo laycr models. J. ^Lm05. Scl，. 44，
3232‑3303
Eady. E.1'.. 1949: Long wuvcs und cyclol1c WUVCS. '!'c11us. 1， 33‑
52
Frederlksen， J.5.， 1979: l'hc effccts of long pJanctury wavcs 011 tlle reg10ns of cyclogencs1s: Llneur Lllcory. J 八lmos.
5c!.. 36. J 95‑204
Genl， P.R. and Lcach， 11.， 1976: 日aroclJnic lnslabllily ln an eccentrlc annulus. J. Fluld Mecll.， 77， 769‑788
l
Iuppert， 11.1::.， 1975: 50lllc remarks on Lhe 1nl tlatlOIl of lnlcrnal Taylor colunlns. J. FluJd Mccll.， 67，397‑412
l
IuppcrL， II.E. and K. sl'yan， 1976: TOjJogl'll!>hycu.lly gCllcl'utcd eddlcs 口ccp‑5ca Res.. 23. 655‑679
JOIIUS， r.R.， 1081: LaboruLory obscrvuL10ns of LI1C cffccL of LOpOgTUphy 011 buroclJnlc lnsLabJJlLy. Quurl. J. Roy. "let Soc.， 107， 775‑792
Kalser， J.A.C.， 1069: RoLuL11Ig dccp UI111Ulus cOl1vccLlol1 1:
LllCI'lllul propcrLlcs of Lllc uppcr sylnrrlcLrlc rcglnlc. l'cl1us， 21. 789‑805
Kalscr， J.^.C.， .1970 ・ l~oLu L1l1 g decp unl1u lus cOl1vccL1on purt 2 WOVC lnsLublllLLes. verLlcul sLraLII'lcaLlon and assoclatcd
Lhcor les. 1'c l.lus， 22. 275‑287
Kalscr. J.A.C.， 1971: lIeuL Lrunsfcr by symmcLr!c llllnulus con‑ vecLlon. J. ^Lmos. 5c!.， 28. 929‑932.
KeLchuln. C.U.. 1972: ^n cxpcrlmcl1Lul SLudy of barocllnlc wavcs aL Jargc Taylor nurnbcr. J. ^Lmos. 5cl.. 29. 665‑679
Manabc. 5. Ul1d 'r.U. '1守crpsLrll. 1974: 'I'he cffcCLS of Lopography 011 LllC gcneral clrculatloll of LllC aLlllospllcre us ldcntlflcd by lIurncrlcal cxpcrlrnenLs. .1. ^LlI1os. 5c!.. 31̲. 3‑42
~lclnLyre . I¥1.E.， 1968: The axlsynunctrlc cOllvccLlvc rcg1me for u rlgldlY boundcd rotllL1ng annulus. J. Fluld "1cclI.. 32. 625‑
655
NlehllUS. .ro1.C.W.. 1980: lnsLabl11ty of non‑zonal bllrocLJnlc flows. J. ^LlI1os. 5cl.. 37. 1447‑1463
Pfeffcr. R.L.. G. suzyna and R. Kung， 1980: l'lmc‑dcpcndcnt
lI10dcs of bchllvlor of Lhermally dr'lven rolallng flulds. J AllOos. 5cl.， 37. 2129‑2149.
Proudmun. .J.. .19.16: On Lllc moLlon 01" solJds 11¥ U lJquld pos scsslng vorLlclty. Proc. Roy. 50c.， ^92， 408‑424
37
‑ ー
Ruo， s，'r. ond C.U. KcLcllum. 1975: SpccLruL cllarucLcrJsllcs of LI1C barocl1nlc unnulus wavcs. J 八llnos. 5cl.. 32， 698ー7J 1. 51111tll， ILF.T. and D.IL Davlcs. 1977: ^ noLc 011 somc numcrlcal
cxpcrlrncn.ts wJth lIIodcl mQun.taJn barrlcrs. TclJus. 29. 97 10G
'['uylor， G. [.. IDI7: ~'loLl on of soUds In rlulds whcn thc f10w Is no .t Irro.tu.tlonal. Proc. Roy. 50c.. A93.99‑1J3.
Uryu， l't.. O. 'Ilorl La. N. Noguchl and R. Suwuda. .1974: IIcat LrunsporL 111 u rotatlng fluld unnlJlus. J. Mc.tcor. Soc Japan. 52. 93‑l05
Waka.tu. Y. und M. Uryu， 1984・ Non‑]111curbclluvlors of rorced bUl'ocJlnlc wavc In u conL1nuous zonal f10w. J. j¥1eLeor 50c. Japan， 62， 809‑832
Wl1LJams， G.P.. 1967: Thcrmul conveciJon ln H ro.taL1ng fluld annulus: Par .t1. l'I1C basJc ax!syrnrneLrlc rlow. J. ^Lmos.
Sc1.， 24， 144‑1G1.
Yell， T.‑C. and C.‑C. Charlg， 1974: ^ prcJlrnlnary expcrJmental slrnuJatLon on Llle Ileatlng errcct or LI1C 'l'lbcLun Platcau on Lhe gcneral clrculnLion over EusLcrn ^slu in summer
ScJenLlu SJnica， 17， 397‑420
FZo↑
0..