ᮏ◊✲ࡢ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡼࡾ,ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠶ࡲࡾ✚ᴟⓗ⟶⌮ゝཬࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓேᕤᯘࡸ
ḟᯘ,ḟⲡཎࡘ࠸࡚,ᚋࡣලయⓗ࡞ᑗ᮶┠ᶆࢆᣢࡗ࡚⟶⌮ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆᥦゝ࡛
ࡁࡓࡢࡣᮏ◊✲ࡢせ࡞ᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ.
Jim and Li㸦1996㸧ࡣᙜࡢ᪥ᮏࡢ࡚ࡢᅜ❧බᅬᅜᐃබᅬࡘ࠸࡚,බᅬࡈࡢ᳜⏕
⮬↛ᗘࡢྜࢆ⟬ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.ࡇࢀࡼࡿ,࠾ࡼࡑ༙ᩘ௨ୖࡢᅜ❧࣭ᅜᐃබᅬ࡛ḟᯘ┦
ᙜࡍࡿ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘ 7࣭8 ேᕤᯘ┦ᙜࡍࡿ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘ 6,ḟⲡཎ┦ᙜࡍࡿ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘ 5࣭4ࡢྜィ㠃✚ࡀಶࠎࡢ⮬↛බᅬࡢ㠃✚ࡢ50%௨ୖ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ.ࡲࡓࠊ
⏕≀ከᵝᛶᅜᐙᡓ␎2012㸫2020㸦⎔ቃ┬2012㸧࠾࠸࡚ࡶ4ࡘࡢ༴ᶵࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ➨2ࡢ༴
ᶵࡋ࡚⮬↛ᑐࡍࡿാࡁࡅࡢ⦰ᑠࡼࡿ༴ᶵࢆᥖࡆ,ḟᯘࡸேᕤᯘ,ḟⲡཎࡢ⏕≀
ከᵝᛶࡢຎࡘ࠸࡚ၥ㢟ᥦ㉳ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.ࡑࡢࡓࡵ,ᮏ◊✲࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓ᳜⏕DBࡢᵓ⠏᪉ἲ
ࡸ᳜⏕ィ⏬᥇⏝ࡋࡓホ౯ᇶ‽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡛,ࡢᅜ❧බᅬ࡛ࡶᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾ,◊✲㟂 せࡣ༑ศ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ.
ࡓࡔࡋ,GISࡼࡿ᳜⏕DBࡢᵓ⠏ࡢ㝿ࡣᇶ♏ሗ࡛࠶ࡿ᳃ᯘ⡙࣭᳃ᯘᇶᮏᅗ㸦᳃ᯘィ
⏬ᅗ㸧ࡢGIS࡞ࡾࡢ㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࠋ㏆ᖺࡣᯘ㔝ᗇࡸ⮬య࡛᪤GISࡢᇶᮏࣇ࢛࣮
࣐ࢵࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࢩ࢙࣮ࣉࣇࣝ㸦.shp㸧ࡼࡗ࡚᳃ᯘ⡙࣭᳃ᯘᇶᮏᅗ㸦᳃ᯘィ⏬ᅗ㸧ࡣ୍య
65
࡞ࡗ࡚㐠⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ,ࡇࢀࡢᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ
࠾࠾࠸ຠ⋡ࢆᅗࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ.
4.4 ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᥦゝࡋࡓ᳜⏕DBࡸ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡘ࠸࡚ㄢ㢟ࢆ3Ⅼ㏙ࡿ.
(1)᳜⏕DBࡸ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢసᡂᡭ㡰࠾ࡼࡧ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡢᐈほⓗホ౯ᨵၿ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓᡭ㡰ࡼࡿ᳜⏕ィ⏬❧᪉ἲࡸฟ᮶ୖࡀࡗࡓ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡘ࠸
࡚,ᐈほⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆຍ࠼࡞ࡀࡽᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ. (2)సᴗຠ⋡ࡸ⤒῭ᛶ࡞ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᐇ⾜ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿィ⏬ࡢ᳨ウ
᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ୰࡛ࡣ,⟶⌮ࡢ᪉㔪ࡋ࡚ᶞᮌࡢఆ᥇࡞࡞ࡾࡾ࡞సᴗࢆᐇࡍࡿሙ
ྜࡀ࠶ࡿ.ࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᆅᙧࡸ㐨㊰ࡽࡢࢡࢭࢫ㞴᫆ᗘ࡞ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ,ඃඛⓗ⟶⌮ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ
࢚ࣜࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࡞ᐇ⾜ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿィ⏬ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ. (3)⏕ែ⣔ࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ᳜≀௨እࡢせ⣲ࡶᫎࡉࡏࡓィ⏬ࡢ᳨ウ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᳜≀࣭᳜⏕ࡢሗࢆ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓ.ࡋࡋ,⮬↛බᅬ࠾࠸࡚⏕≀
ከᵝᛶಖୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ᳜≀࣭᳜⏕㝈ࡗࡓࡇ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ,࠼ࡤࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝࡞ቑ࠼ࡍࡂࡓ
ື≀ࡼࡿ⏕ែ⣔⿕ᐖࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ.ࡲࡓ,⏕ែ⣔ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻ➼ࡶ⪃៖ࡋ,࠼ࡤ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ
ୖ⨨ࡍࡿ⊛⚺㢮㓄៖ࡋࡓホ౯㍈ࡶ┒ࡾ㎸ࡴࡇ࡞,ࡼࡾከ㠃ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆᫎࡋࡓ
㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ィ⏬ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ.
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➨4❶ࡢᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Ando, A., J. Camm, S. Polasky, and A.Solow. 1998. Species distributions, land values, and efficient conservation. Scinence 279:2126-2128.
Bartuska, A.M. 1999. Cross-boundary issues to manage for healthy forest ecosystems.
In J. M. Klopatek and R. H. Gardener, eds. Landscape Ecological Analysis: Issues and Applications, pp24-34. Splinger-Verlag, NewYork. NewYork. USA.
Burgess, R. L. and D.M.Sharpes, editors. 1981. Forest island Dynamics in Man-dominated Landscapes. Splinger-Verlag, NewYork. NewYork. USA.
。⛃㙞࣭ᡭஂⓏ. 1982. ⮬↛බᅬ࠾ࡅࡿಖㆤィ⏬ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᳜⏕Ꮫⓗ◊✲(I) ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘ
ಖㆤィ⏬. 㐀ᅬ㞧ㄅ45(3): 175-182.
C. Y.Jim and Bosheng Li. 1996. Protected Areas and Nature Conservation in East Asia.
Joint Publishing. NewYork. NewYork. USA.
Diamond, J. M., and R. M. May. 1976. Island biogeography and the design of natural reserves. In J. Diamond and T. J. Case, eds. Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Appications, pp163-186. Haper & Row, NewYork. NewYork. USA.
Fabos, J. G. 1985. Land-use Planning: From Global to Local Challenge. Chapman and Hall, NewYork. NewYork. USA.
᪥⨨ెஅ. 1983. ⮬↛㢼ᬒᆅࡢᬒᇦಖ㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲-㠡㧗ཎ࠾ࡅࡿᅵᆅ⏝ᵓ㐀ࡢ⏕
ែᏛⓗศᯒ-. ᛂ⏝᳜≀♫Ꮫ◊✲12: 1-22.
Hollong, C.S. 1978. Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. John Wiley
& Sons, NewYork. NewYork. USA.
ᡭஂⓏ. 1971. ࠗᬒᇦಖㄽ̿㎰ᴗᆅᇦࡢᬒᇦಖ㛵ࡍࡿ᳜≀♫Ꮫⓗ◊✲
̿࠘.121pp. ᛂ⏝᳜≀♫Ꮫ◊✲, ᮾி.
ᡭஂⓏ. 1982. ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ☜❧ࢆᮇࡍ. ᛂ⏝᳜≀♫◊✲11: 1-2.
ᡭஂⓏ࣭Ṋෆᙪ. 1985. ࠗ⮬↛❧ᆅⓗᅵᆅ⏝ィ⏬࠘. 227pp. ᮾிᏛฟ∧, ᮾி.
▼⏣᠇࣭டᒣ❶. 1984. ⥳ᆅᶵ⬟ศ⣭⏝ᆅศ⣭̿㎰ᮧᅵᆅ⏝ィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿ⮬↛❧ᆅⓗ
ᅵᆅ⏝ศ⣭̿. ㎰ᮧィ⏬Ꮫㄅ3(1)16-25.
⎔ቃ┬. 2012. ⏕≀ከᵝᛶᅜᐙᡓ␎2012-2020㹼㇏࡞⮬↛ඹ⏕♫ࡢᐇ⌧ྥࡅࡓ࣮ࣟࢻ
࣐ࢵࣉ㹼. 252pp. ⎔ቃ┬, ᮾி.
㙊ᙧဴ⛱࣭ྜྷ⏣๛ྖ࣭㕥ᮌ㏱࣭ᮤ㞼࣭➲ᕝ⿱ྐ࣭ᒣ᰿ṇఙ࣭ཎኴ㑻. 2006. ⌧Ꮡ᳜⏕
ᅗ᳃ᯘᴗᅗࡼࡿ⤫ྜ᳜⏕༊ศᅗసᡂᡭἲࡢ᳨ウ. ᬒほ⏕ែᏛ11(1): 27-33.
McHarg, I. L. 1969. DesignwithNature. Natural History Press, Garden sity, NewYork.
NewYork. USA.
Mladenoff, D. J., M. A. White, T. R. Crow, and J. Pastor. 1994. Applying principles of landscape design and Management to integrate old-growth forest enhancement and commodity use. Conservation Biology 9: 279-294.
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᪂⏣⿱ྖ. 1984. ㎰ᮧᆅᇦࡢ⮬↛❧ᆅⓗᅵᆅ⏝ィ⏬㛵ࡍࡿᇶ♏ⓗ◊✲̿ᅵᆅ⏝⮬
↛❧ᆅ᮲௳ࡢᑐᛂ㛵ಀ̿. ㎰ᮧィ⏬Ꮫㄅ3(1):26-32.
Ṋෆᙪ. 1982. ᆅᇦศ⣭ㄽࡢᇶ♏ᴫᛕ. ㎰ᮧィ⏬Ꮫㄅ1(2):10-15
Turner, M. G.࣭Gardner, R. H.࣭ O̓Neill, R. V.,࣭୰㉺ಙ࣭ཎኴ㑻. 2004. ᬒほ⏕ែ
Ꮫ. 399pp. ᩥ୍⥲ྜฟ∧. ᮾி.
Vos, C.C. and P. Opdam. 1993. Landscape Ecology of a Stressed Environment. Chapman
& Hal, London, UK.
Watt, A.S. 1947. Pattern and process in the plant community. Jarnal of Ecology 35: 1-22.
ᶓᒣ⚽ྖ. 1995. ᬒほ⏕ែᏛ. 207pp. ྂ᭩㝔, ᮾி.
ᶓᒣ⚽ྖ. 1999. ᆅ⏕ែᏛࡢ᭱㏆ࡢືྥ. ᅜ㝿ᬒほ⏕ែᏛ᪥ᮏᨭ㒊ሗ4(4): 64-65
ᶓᙇ┿࣭ᰩ⏣ⱥ. 2011. ⥳ᆅィ⏬࠾ࡅࡿḢ⡿ィ⏬ᴫᛕࡢᑟධࡑࡢ᪥ⓗ࡞ᒎ㛤᪉ྥ.
㎰ᮧィ⏬Ꮫㄅ30(2):143-146.
68
ㅰ㎡
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ㐙⾜୪ࡧㄽᩥࡢసᡂ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚,ኚ㛗ᮇ㛫Ώࡾ,⤊ጞ ࡃ,᰿Ẽࡼࡃ,⇕ᚰ
ࡈᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ㫽ྲྀᏛࡢ᪥⨨ెஅᩍᤵཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ.༢◊✲ࡢࡇ
ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ,ࡑࡢ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ♫ᛶ,♫ேࡋ࡚ᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ࡿ⯙࠸ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ,༤ኈࡋ
࡚⊂ࡾ❧ࡕࡋ࡚ࡽࡢጼໃࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡞ከᒱࡈᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ.㐍㊰㛵ಀ࡛ࡶ,ᚓ㞴
࠸ࡈ⮬㌟ࡢከᵝ࡞ࡈ⤒Ṕࡸࡈ⤒㦂ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㈗㔜࡞ࡈពぢࢆᩘከࡃ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓ.ࡇࡢሙࢆ࠾
ࡾࡋ࡚ཌࡃᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ.ࡲࡓ,ྠࡢ㛗⃝Ⰻኴᩍᤵ,ᓥ᰿Ꮫࡢ⡿ᗣᩍᤵࡣ GIS ゎᯒࡸ⣔ิⓗᅵᆅ⏝ࡢゎᯒ,୰ᅜᆅ᪉ࡢ㐣ཤࡢᅵᆅ⏝ࡢṔྐ➼ࡢほⅬࡽ㈗㔜࡞
ࡈពぢࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓ.῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ.
ࡲࡓ,ᒣ⏣Ặ㸪୕ᯞ┤ᶞẶࢆࡣࡌࡵࡋࡓࢧࣥࢺ࣮࣮ࣜ࣍ࣝࢹࣥࢢࢫᰴᘧ♫ࡢⓙࡉ
ࡲࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞㠃࠾࠸࡚ከ࡞ࡈᣦᑟࡈᨭ,⃭ບࢆ㈷ࢃࡾࡲࡋࡓ.Ụᗓ⏫ᙺሙ㎰ᯘㄢࡢ ຍ⸨㑥ᶞẶ㸪㫽ྲྀ┴᳃ᯘᯘᴗ⯆ᒁࡢⓙࡉࡲ㸪⎔ቃ┬⡿Ꮚ⮬↛⎔ቃົᡤࡢⓙࡉࡲ㸪ᯘ㔝 ᗇ㏆␥୰ᅜ᳃ᯘ⟶⌮ᒁ㫽ྲྀ᳃ᯘ⟶⌮⨫ࡢⓙࡉࡲࡣ㸪⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡢᐇࡸ㈨ᩱࡢࡈᥦ౪➼
࠶ࡓࡾከ࡞ࡈᨭࡈ༠ຊࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋࡓ.Ụᗓ⏫ᚚᮘ㞟ⴠ࠾ࡼࡧୗ⺅ᒇ㞟ⴠࡢⓙࡉࡲࡣ
ࣄࣜࣥࢢㄪᰝࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ,⚾᭷ᆅࡢ❧ࡕධࡾ➼ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᛌㅙࡈ༠ຊࢆ㈷ࡾࡲࡋ ࡓ.㫽ྲྀᏛ㎰Ꮫ㒊⏕ែᕤᏛ◊✲ᐊࡢྠ❆ࡢⓙࡉࡲࡣ㸪♧၀ᐩࢇࡔࢻࣂࢫࡸ⌧ᆅㄪ ᰝࡢ᥎㐍ࡘ࠸࡚ከ࡞ࡈຓຊࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ.
⌧ᅾᡤᒓࡍࡿᰴᘧ♫ᆅᇦ⎔ቃィ⏬ࡢ㧗ሯᩄẶࢆࡣࡌࡵ,⏣ᣅẶ,୰Ṋ⚞Ặ,ᮾᨭ
♫ࡢⓙᵝࡣ,ᴗົ୪⾜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽㄽᩥᇳ➹ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ᅔ㞴࡞⾜⛬ࡘ࠸࡚,ࡈ⌮ゎࢆ
࠸ࡓࡔࡁ,ྏဂ⃭ບࢆ࠸ࡓࡔࡁ࡞ࡀࡽぢᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓ.
᭱ᚋ,༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡲ࡛㐍Ꮫࡍࡿࡇྠពࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡓ୧ぶ,♫ே࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽࡢᇳ➹ά
ືࢆࡎࡗഐ࡛ᨭ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓጔ,ᚰࡼࡾឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍ.
㏻ᖖࡼࡾ㛗ࡁ㐨ࡢࡾ࡞ࡾ,ኚⱞࡋ࠸⤒㦂࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࡀ,ⓙࡉࢇࡢࡈᨭࡢ
࠾ࡆࡀ࠶ࡾ,㏵୰࡛࠶ࡁࡽࡵࡿࡇ࡞ࡃ᭱ᚋࡲ࡛ㄽᩥᇳ➹ࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡋࡓ.
௨ୖࡢ᪉ࠎ㸪ᚰࡽᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍ.
69
⮬↛බᅬ࠾ࡅࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ㓄៖ࡋࡓ᳜⏕ィ⏬
せ
2009ᖺࡢ⮬↛බᅬἲᨵṇ࡛⮬↛බᅬࡢ┠ⓗࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢ☜ಖᐤࡍࡿࡇࠖࡀ᫂
グࡉࢀ㸪⮬↛බᅬࡀ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ᚋ㸪
ྛ⮬↛බᅬ࠾࠸࡚⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ࣭⏕㛵ࡍࡿ㠃ⓗィ⏬ࡢ❧ᐇ⾜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ.
࠼ࡤ2009ᖺࡽጞࡲࡗࡓࠕ⏕ែ⣔⥔ᣢᅇᴗィ⏬ไᗘࠖࡣ,᪤▱ᗋࡸ༡ࣝࣉࢫ࡞
ࡢᅜ❧බᅬ࡛ࢽ࣍ࣥࢪ࢝ࡢಶయᩘ⟶⌮࡞ά⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ.ࡋࡋ,ࡇࢀࡽ࡛ࡣ㸪ィ⏬ࡢᚲ せᛶࡸຠᯝࢆッ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢྛ✀ࡢ㢟ᅗࡀ᫂♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ,ィ⏬ࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐣⛬࡛⟇ᐃ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶ᫂☜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸.
᪉,⮬↛බᅬ࠾ࡅࡿಖィ⏬ࡢ❧ຠ⋡ⓗ࡞ᐇࡣ,ᵝࠎ࡞ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㛫࡛࡞
ྜពᙧᡂࢆᅗࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ.ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡣ,ከ㠃ⓗ࡞ᒓᛶሗࢆᣢࡕ㸪ᐖ㛵ಀ⪅㛫࡛ඹ᭷ࡀ
ྍ⬟࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣮࣋ࢫࢆGIS࡛ᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇࡀ᭷ຠ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ.
ࡑࡇ࡛,ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡲࡎ,ᒣ㞃ᒱᅜ❧බᅬᒣⵛᒣᆅᇦࡢዟᒣᆅ༊ࢆࡋ࡚㸪GIS
ࢆ⏝࠸࡚⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ࣭⏕ᚲせ࡞ከ✀㢮ࡢሗࢆేࡏᣢࡗࡓ᳜⏕ࢹ࣮ࢱ࣋㸫ࢫ㸦DB㸧 ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ.
᳜⏕DBࡣ࣋ࢡࢱ࣮ᆺ㟁Ꮚᆅᅗࡑࡢᒓᛶሗࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿ.᳜⏕DBࡢ࣏ࣜࢦࣥࡢ ቃ⏺⥺ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࡣᯘ㔝ᗇࡲࡓࡣ㫽ྲྀ┴ࡀసᡂࡋࡓ᳃ᯘᇶᮏᅗࡢᑠ⌜⏺ࢆࡶᥥࡁ㸪᳃
ᯘ⡙ࡀ᭷ࡍࡿᒓᛶሗࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ.ࡲࡓ㸪ྛᑠ⌜ࡣᚲせᛂࡌ࡚⌧ἣࡢᅵᆅ⿕そ࣭᳜⏕ྜ
ࢃࡏ࡚⣽༊ศࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ᳜ࠗ⏕ࣃࢵࢳ࠘ࡋ࡚᳜⏕DBࡢ᭱ᑠ༢ࡋࡓ.సᡂࡋࡓ᳜⏕DB ࡣ௨ୗࡢ≉㛗ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ.ձ⦰ᑻ1/5,000࡛㸪ヲ⣽࡞ᅵᆅ⿕そࡸ᳜≀⩌ⴠࡢሗࢆྵࡳ㸪᳜⏕⟶
⌮࡞⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ.ղ㐣ཤ4ᮇ㸦1958ᖺ࣭1974ᖺ࣭1996ᖺ࣭2012ᖺ㸧ࡢᅵᆅ
⿕そᒚṔ㛵ࡍࡿሗࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪᳜⏕㑄⛣ࡸᅵᆅ⿕そࡢኚ㑄ࢆᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡶ
ᑗ᮶ࡢ᳜⏕㑄⛣ࡢືྥࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ.ճᅵᆅᡤ᭷ࡸᅜ❧බᅬࡢಖㆤつไィ⏬࡞
ࡢሗࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ᆅᇦᛶࡢ⮬↛බᅬࡢ⟶⌮᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿ.
ḟ㸪⮬↛බᅬࡢ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ㓄៖ࡋࡓ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃᡭἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ.ࡲࡎ,⮬↛බᅬἲ
ࡶ࡙ࡃ⌧⾜ࡢಖㆤつไィ⏬ไᗘࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚,ձࡍࡄࢀࡓ⮬↛ᬒほࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ⏕ែ⣔ࡢ ᴫᛕࡀ᭕࡞ࡓࡵ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡀ㧗࠸✵㛫ࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶつไࡢᙉ࠸ᆅ✀༊ศࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ࡣ
࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ, ղḟⲡཎࡸḟᯘ➼ࡢḟⓗ⮬↛ࡢಖࡀࢰ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ┤᥋ⓗᫎࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ,ճ≉ูᆅᇦෆࡢ3✀㢮ࡢᆅ✀༊ศࡀᯘᴗ⮬↛ᬒほ࣭⏕ែ⣔ࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ᅇࡢ㛵 ಀࢆᚋぢ┤ࡍୖ࡛ࡴࡋࢁ㞀ᐖ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿⅬ,ࢆᣦࡋࡓ.ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼,」ᩘࡢホ౯
㍈ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡼࡾ,᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ.ලయⓗࡣ,⦰ᑻ1/5,000┦ᙜࡢ⌧Ꮡ
᳜⏕ᅗ,᫂௦ࡽ⌧ᅾ⮳ࡿᅵᆅ⿕そࡢኚ㑄ཬࡧᕼᑡᛶࡢ㧗࠸᳜≀ࡢศᕸᅗࢆᇶ♏ⓗࢹ
࣮ࢱࡋ࡚⏝࠸,ࠕ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘࠖࡼࡿホ౯ຍ࠼,ᡓᚋࡢ4ᮇࡢ✵୰┿ࡢ┠どุㄞࡼ
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ࡿࠕᅵᆅ⿕そࡢᒚṔࠖ,᳜⏕ࡀ⏕ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࠕ⌧ᅔ㞴ᗘホ౯ࠖ,
⤯⁛༴✀ࡢ⏕⫱ᐦᗘࡢከᐻࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࠕᕼᑡ✀ࡢಖୖ㔜せ࡞᳜≀⩌ⴠࠖࡼࡿホ౯ࢆ
⾜࠺ࡇࡼࡾ,⮬↛⎔ቃࡢከ㠃ⓗホ౯ࢆヨࡳ,ࡑࢀࡶ࡙࠸࡚᳜⏕ィ⏬ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓ.⌧⾜ィ
⏬ᮏ◊✲ࡢ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ,ձ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ሙᡤᆅ✀༊ศࡢ㛫㱈㱒ࡀぢ
ࡽࢀࡿࡇ,ղ≉ⲡཎཬࡧ‵ཎᕼᑡ✀ࡀ㞟୰ศᕸࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ,ࡑࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ಖ
ᚲせ࡞᳜⏕⟶⌮ࡀᆅ✀༊ศ⨨ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ,ճᚋ,ఆᮇࢆ㏄࠼ࡿேᕤᯘ
ࢆ,ఆᚋูࡢ᳜⏕㌿ࡍࡿࡢ,㐀ᯘࡍࡿࡢࡀ⌧≧㏣ㄆᆺࡢࢰ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ⪃៖ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ,ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ.ࡲࡓ,⮬↛බᅬࡢࢰ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ẚ㍑ࡋࡓ
ࡇࢁ,ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ,ᴫࡡ᳜⏕⮬↛ᗘࡢࡳࡀホ౯㍈ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡓࡵ,ࡑࡢࢰ࣮ࢽࣥࢢ ヨ࡛ࡶ✀ࡢከᵝᛶࡣ༑ศᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ,㛫㍈ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓホ౯ᡭἲࡣぢࡽࢀࡎ,
⮬↛⏕ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣィ⏬࡛ᫎࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ㸪ࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ.
ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࡋ࡚㸪ձᮏ◊✲ࡢ᳜⏕ィ⏬❧᪉ἲࡸヨసࡋࡓ᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࡘ࠸࡚ᐈ ほⓗ࡞ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠸ᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ㸪ղ⤒῭ᛶࡸຠ⋡ᛶࡶྲྀࡾධࢀࡓᐇຠᛶࡢ㧗࠸᳜⏕ィ⏬ࡍ
ࡿࡇ㸪ճ᳜≀ࡸ᳜⏕ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃື≀ࡢせ⣲ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓィ⏬❧ᡭἲࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇ㸪ࡢ3
Ⅼࢆᣲࡆࡓ㸬
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Biodiversity-oriented vegetation planning for natural park
Summary
In 2009, the Law of Natural Parks of Japan was amended to include the statement that “natural parks should aim at conserving biodiversity” as a purpose of the law.
Natural parks are now expected to save and promote biodiversity. For example, the
"project to maintain and restore biodiversity" that began in 2009, and it has already been used for the management of the number of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in national parks such as Shiretoko and Southern Alps. However, various thematic maps and also plan drawing are not specified as information to appeal the necessity and effect of the plan, and it is unclear in what process the plan is formulated.
On the other hand, to formulate and efficiently implement such a conservation plan in natural parks, it is necessary to form a smooth consensus among various stakeholders.
Therefore, it is indispensable to construct a database that has multifaceted attribute information and can be shared among stakeholders, using GIS.
Therefore, the formation of an area plan for conserving biodiversity is essential for each natural park. The aim of this study was to create a “Vegetation Database (VDB)” using GIS that would contain information about conserving and restoring biodiversity in the Okudaisen district in Daisen-Oki National Park, south-western Honshu, Japan. The VDB consists of a digital vector map and its property information. Basically, boundary lines of polygons were drawn using a small “forest compartment” drawn onto a “forest plan map” and property information about each forest compartment was introduced from a “forest database” obtained from Forestry Agency and Tottori prefectural government. Forest compartments that had different land cover/actual vegetation types within the compartment were divided into smaller patches designated “vegetation patches” as the smallest unit of the VDB. The VDB has the following assets: 1) The VDB is drawn in a 1/5000 scale and contains detailed information about the land cover and plant community; therefore, it is useful for vegetation management; 2) The VDB has previous land cover information from 1958, 1974, 1996, and 2012, so it is useful for reviewing plant community succession and land cover changes. Previous changes can be used to estimate future succession; and 3) The VDB contains information about land ownership and national park planning. This information is useful for managing natural park areas.
The procedure of biodiversity-oriented vegetation planning was discussed. Firstly, we reviewed the current zoning system based on natural park laws and pointed out the following issues: (1) concept
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of the natural environment, which consists of an excellent landscape, is not clearly defined; therefore, high-biodiversity landscapes are not always zoned as strictly protected areas; (2) in spite of the concentrated distribution of rare species especially on grasslands and wetlands, the vegetation management necessary for maintenance and preservation is not located in the type classification; and (3) the “three types of special protection areas” might be an obstacle for nature restoration in forestry.
Then, we used multi-evaluation methods for biodiversity-oriented vegetation planning. Specifically, we used an actual vegetation map (1/5,000), changes in land cover maps from the Meiji to Heisei eras, and distribution map of rare plant species as the fundamental data. Based on them, we made four thematic maps, vegetation naturalness, land cover history reading from aerial photographs of for different ages, the time-based level for vegetation recovery, and rare plant species hotspots and used to evaluate the natural environment and carry out vegetation planning. Comparison of the current zoning map and the vegetation plan clearly demonstrated (1) mismatch between vegetation naturalness and the urrent zoning; (2) even though secondary grasslands and marshes were rare species hotspots, their appropriate vegetation management was not considered; (3) it is not clear thar the present forestry site will be restored to another vegetation or regenerated again as artificial forest.
Most of the previous studies used only vegetation naturalness for evaluate the natural environment.
Therefore, the zoning plans suggested by the previous studies did not consider species diversity and required ages. However, the vegetation plan presented in this study suggested appropriate approaches for vegetation management of secondary forests and grasslands and nature restoration.
We will give three points as future research subjects.1) Objectively evaluate and improve the effectiveness of the vegetation plan formulation method and completed vegetation plan.2) Improve to a highly productive vegetation plan based on economic efficiency.3) Aimed at realization of the plan in consideration of the animal elements as well as plants and vegetation.