ᄇ㟝ࣔࢹࣝࡢ᳨ド

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⇞ᩱᄇ㟝ࡢศ⿣ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚➨2❶࡛㏙࡭ࡓKH-RTࣔࢹࣝࢆᑟධࡋࡓ㸬ᮏࣔ

ࢹࣝࡢィ⟬ࣇ࣮ࣟࢳ࣮ࣕࢺࢆᅗ4.15࡟♧ࡍ㸬

a) Kelvin-Helmholtzࣔࢹࣝ⁸⁾

Reitzࡣ෇ᰕ≧ᾮయ(༙ᚄrp)ࡢ⾲㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶ㏿ࡃᡂ㛗ࡍࡿ(ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᭱ࡶ㉳ࡇࡾ࠺ࡿ)

ᾮ⁲⾲㠃Ἴ(Kelvin-Helmholtz wave)ࡢἼ㛗ȃKH࡜㸪ࡑࡢ᭱኱ᡂ㛗⋡ȐKHࢆᘧ(4.22)࡛୚࠼

ࡓ㸬

200 400 600 800

Thermal Conductivity 10-2W/(m䞉K) 15 12 9 6 3

Temperature K 0

200 400 600 800

D100 MO40 MO100

For each parcel,

Position of the parcel is beyond the breakup length?

4

t l g

RT

g ( )

K 3

2 2 RT

RT

2 B K IsRT

4

3 / 2

t l g

RT

l g

[ g ( )]

2 3 3

b RT RT

t C

Is the time since the last breakup greater than t_{b RT}?

^RT rc RT ,

2 ^{p p c}

b RT

dr r r

dt t

Number of child droplets reset to conserve mass.

Reset time since last breakup to zero.

Skip KH breakup calculation.

Time since last breakup to zero.

Increment time since last breakup

Continue with KH calculation.

reset time since last breakup to zero.

If breakup occurs in the KH model, No

Yes

Yes

No Yes RT breakup occurs

smaller than the parent droplet’s diameter? 䚷䚷 No

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

4

g

g

0.7 p

KH 1.67 0.6

e 1.5

e l

KH 0.6 3

l p

9.02r 1 0.45 Z 1 0.4T 1 0.865W

0.34 0.38W

(1 Z)(1 1.4T ) r

(4.22)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ρ^lࡣᾮ⁲ࡢᐦᗘ㸪σ^lࡣᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃ᙇຊ㸪Wegࡣ㞺ᅖẼ࢞ࢫࡢ࢙࣮࢘ࣂ࣮ᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪

OhnesorgeᩘZ࡜TaylorᩘTࡣᘧ(4.23) ࡢࡼ࠺࡞↓ḟඖࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

^l _g

l

e

e e

Z W , T Z W

R (4.23)

࡞࠾㸪࢙࣮࢘ࣂ࣮ᩘWel㸪Weg࠾ࡼࡧᾮయࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࣞ࢖ࣀࣝࢬᩘRelࡣᘧ(4.24) ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

4 4 5

l g l

2 2

g rel p

l rel p l rel p

e e e

l l l

v r

v r v r

W , W , R (4.24)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪vrelࡣᾮ⁲࡜㞺ᅖẼ࢞ࢫ࡜ࡢ┦ᑐ㏿ᗘ㸪μ^lࡣᾮ⁲ࡢ(㟼)⢓ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ(ື⢓ᗘν^l=μ^l/ρ^l)㸬 ࡇࡢKHࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣀࢬࣝฟཱྀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᄇᏍᚄ࡜ྠࡌ┤ᚄࢆᣢࡘ”Blob”ࡀ୚࠼ࡽ

ࢀ㸪Kelvin-Helmholtz wave࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓࡎࢀὶື࡟ࡼࡾ㸪”Blob”ࡢศ⿣ࡀጞࡲࡿ㸬

ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᾮ⁲⾲㠃ἼࡢἼ㛗ȃKH࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ぶᾮ⁲(༙ᚄrp)࠿ࡽᘧ(4.25)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞༙ᚄrcKHࡢ᪂ ࡋ࠸Ꮚᾮ⁲ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

cKH 0 KH

r B (4.25)

ࡲࡓ㸪ศ⿣ᚋࡢぶᾮ⁲ࡣ᪂ࡋ࠸ぶᾮ⁲࡜࿧ࡪ㸬ᾮ⁲ࡢศ⿣࡟ࡼࡾ㸪(ぶࣃ࣮ࢭࣝෆࡢ)ぶ ᾮ⁲ࡢ༙ᚄrpࡣᘧ(4.26)࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

p p cKH

bKH

dr r r

dt t (4.26) ࡇࡇ࡛㸪t_bKHࡣᾮ⁲ศ⿣᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘧ(4.27)࡟ࡼࡾ⟬ฟࡍࡿ㸬

^{1 p}

bKH

KH KH

3.726B r

t (4.27)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪B0ࡣᾮ⁲ᚄᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪B1ࡣศ⿣᫬㛫ᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ぶࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀ

ࡿᾮ⁲ࡢᩘࡣಖᏑࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ㸪㉁㔞ಖᏑ๎࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮚࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿᾮ⁲ᩘࢆồ

ࡵࡿ㸬

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

b) Rayleigh-Taylorࣔࢹࣝ⁸⁾

⇞ᩱ ࡢ⢓ᗘࢆ ↓どࡋ(μ^l=0.0)㸪⾲㠃ᙇ ຊࡢࡳࢆ⪃៖ ࡍࡿ࡜㸪 ᾮ⁲⾲㠃࡛ᡂ 㛗ࡍࡿ

Rayleigh-Taylor waveࡢ᭱኱ᡂ㛗⋡ȐRT࡜ἼࡢᩘKRTࡣBellman࡜Pennington࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘧ

(4.28)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

% &

4 4

3 / 2

t l g

RT

l g

t l g

RT

g ( ) 2

3 3 g ( )

K 3

(4.28)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪gࢆ㔜ຊ㸪aࢆᾮ⁲ࡢຍ㏿ᗘ㸪jࢆ༢఩࣋ࢡࢺࣝ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᾮ⁲㐍⾜᪉ྥ࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿຍ㏿ᗘg_tࡣ㸪ᘧ(4.29)࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢຍ㏿ᗘaࡣ㸪ᘧ(4.30)࡟♧ࡍᾮ⁲

ࡢ㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧࡼࡾᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸬

gt g j a j (4.29)

2 g

d l d D f

dv U U

m a V C A

dt 2 U

(4.30)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪U( u v)ࡣᾮ⁲࡜࿘ᅖࡢẼయ࡜ࡢ┦ᑐ㏿ᗘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘧ(4.31)࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⌫

ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡢᾮ⁲ࡢయ✚㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢ๓㠃ᢞᙳ㠃✚࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 2 ³ 2 ²

d f

V 4 r , A r

3 (4.31) ᾮ⁲ࡢ᢬ᢠಀᩘCd(=Cd,sphere)࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Stokesࡢᢠຊἲ๎ࡢಟṇ∧ࡼࡾ㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢࣞ࢖

ࣀࣝࢬᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᘧ(4.32)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

6

3

2

D d3 d

d

D d

24 1

C 1 Re Re 1000

Re 6

C 0.424 Re 1000

(4.32)

ᾮ⁲ࡢ᢬ᢠಀᩘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᾮ⁲ࡢ᣺ືࡸṍࡳࡢຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪TABࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸

ࡿ㸬ᾮ⁲ࡢ᢬ᢠಀᩘࡣᾮ⁲ࡢኚᙧࡢ኱ࡁࡉy(=y0p(n))࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ࡜᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁ㸪ᘧ(4.33)࡟ࡼ

ࡾ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡿ㸬

D D,sphere

C C 1 2.632 y (4.33) ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢຍ㏿ᗘaࡣ㸪ᘧ(4.34)࡟ࡼࡾ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ࡶࡋᾮ⁲ࡀ⌫࡛࠶ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ

࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᘧ(4.35)࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

2 D f g

l d

dv C A U U

a dt V 2 U

(4.34)

g

D l

3 U

a U C

8 r (4.35) ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ᘧ(4.28)ࡼࡾ㸪⾲㠃ᙇຊ1.774™10^-2 N/mࢆࡶࡘ㍍Ἔࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪᭱኱ᡂ 㛗⋡ȐRT࡜ἼࡢᩘKRTࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ㸪ᘧ(4.36)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ಀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬

RT² 5 10 K⁴ RT 24.6KRT³ (4.36)

୍᪉㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⢓ᗘ࡜⾲㠃ᙇຊࡢ୧᪉ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ(μ^lӆ0.0)㸪㟼ⓗ⢓ᗘ7.46™10^-4 sN/m²

ࢆࡶࡘ㍍Ἔ࡟ᑐࡍࡿRayleigh-Taylor waveࡢ᭱኱ᡂ㛗⋡ȐRT࡜ἼࡢᩘKRTࡢ㛵ಀࡣ㸪 Bellman࡜Pennington࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᘧ(4.37)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

3 2

4

RT RT RT

RT RT

3 2 2 3

RT RT

3.6 10 K 17.74K 0.72

4 K 0

(7.46 10 ) K 5.37 10

(4.37)

࡞࠾㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ✵Ẽࡢᐦᗘ࡜⢓ᗘࡣ⇞ᩱࡢࡑࢀ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ㸪

ࡲࡓ㸪gt=500m/s²࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬ᐃࡢࡶ࡜࡛㸪ᘧ(4.36)㸪(4.37)ࡀᑟฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬௨ୖࡢ

ᘧࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⾲㠃ᙇຊࡢࡳࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓሙྜ࡜⢓ᗘ࡜⾲㠃ᙇຊࡢ୧᪉ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ ࡢWRT-KRT⥺ᅗࡢẚ㍑ࡀRicartࡽ^[8]࡟ࡼࡾ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡣ㸪㍍Ἔࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚⢓ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ↓どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀጇᙜ࡞௬ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪BDFࡢ⢓ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧ⾲㠃ᙇຊࡣ㍍Ἔࡼࡾࡉࡽ࡟㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪BDFࡢ ሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡑࡢ⢓ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ↓ど࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

Rayleigh-Taylor waveࡢἼ㛗ࡣ2ȧB2/KRT࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ぶᾮ⁲ࡢ┤ᚄࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬Ἴ

㛗ࡀᾮ⁲ࡢ┤ᚄࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪Rayleigh-Taylor waveࡀᾮ⁲ࡢ⾲㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿ

ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿ㸬࠸ࡲ㸪Ἴࡀᡂ㛗ࡋࡓ✚⟬᫬㛫ࢆ㸪ᘧ(4.38)࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿᾮ⁲ศ⿣᫬㛫tbRT࡜ẚ㍑

ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ศ⿣᫬㛫tbRTࢆ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᘧ(4.39)࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿ༙ᚄࢆᣢࡘᏊᾮ⁲ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࣃ࣮

ࢭࣝࡀ⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᾮ⁲ࡢศ⿣࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ぶᾮ⁲ࡢ༙ᚄrpࡣKHࣔࢹࣝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᘧ(4.40)

࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ῶᑡࡍࡿ㸬

bRT RT

t C (4.38)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪C_ȫࡣ௵ពᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟0.1㹼5.33ࡀ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 2

^{RT 2}

cRT

RT

r B

2 K (4.39)

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪B2=0.13ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸬

p p cRT

bRT

dr r r

dt t (4.40) ぶࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿᾮ⁲ࡢᩘࡣಖᏑࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ㸪㉁㔞ಖᏑ๎࠿ࡽᏊࡢࣃ࣮ࢭࣝ࡟

ྵࡲࢀࡿᾮ⁲ᩘࡀồࡲࡿࡢࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

c) ࣔࢹࣝࡢᐃᩘタᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ᳨ド

ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⇞ᩱᄇ㟝ࡢྍど໬ᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪㞺ᅖẼᐦᗘ12kg/m³㸪㞺ᅖẼ ᗘ900Kࡢ᮲௳

࡛⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ ᗘ900 Kࡢ㧗 ᮲௳ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ⿣ࣔࢹࣝᐃᩘࢆỴᐃࡍ

ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᄇᑕᅽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡑࡢഴྥࢆ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

⾲4.3 KH-RTࣔࢹࣝࡢᐃᩘ

ᅗ4.16࡟♧ࡍࣀࢬࣝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪ᅗ4.17࡟♧ࡍィ⟬࣓ࢵࢩࣗ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⾲4.3࡟♧ࡍࣔࢹࣝ

ᐃᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᄇᑕᅽຊ73MPa㸪120MPa㸪160MPa࡟࠾ࡅࡿィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆᅗ4.18

࡟ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪⇞ᩱᄇᑕᮇ㛫୰࡟⇞ᩱࡢ౪⤥࡜⵨Ⓨࡀᖹ⾮࡟㐩ࡋࡓᮇ㛫࡛ࡢ ᄇ㟝ඛ➃฿㐩㊥㞳࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᄇᑕᅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ

ഴྥࡀ෌⌧࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪௒ᚋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝᐃᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ΰ

ྜ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨3❶࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪MO40 ࡜D100ࡢᄇ㟝ඛ➃฿㐩㊥㞳ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ

࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞ࡃ㸪ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾΰྜ㉁㔞๭ྜ50%௨ୗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪D100ࡢಀᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪50%௨

ୖ࡛ࡣ MO100 ࡢಀᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᄇ㟝ࡢ⵨Ⓨࡢほᐹࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ

࡛㸪ᄇ㟝ࣔࢹࣝࡢ⵨Ⓨࣔࢹࣝࡢ᳨ウࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬

Fuel D100 MO100

B0䠖KH break up coefficient for droplet radius 0.61 0.61 B1䠖KH break up coefficient for timing (before

wall impingement) 60 50

B1䠖KH break up coefficient for timing (after

wall impingement) 1.73 1.73

B2䠖RT break up coefficient for droplet radius 0.13 0.13 C_τ䠖RT break up coefficient for timing 0.1 0.1 Cb (distant)䠖break up coefficient for length (Lb) 2.0 3.0

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.16 ࣀࢬࣝᙧ≧

ᅗ4.17 ᐃᐜᐜჾࡢィ⟬࣓ࢵࢩࣗ

ᅗ4.18 ᄇ㟝ඛ➃฿㐩㊥㞳ࡢ᳨ド

4.2.3 3ḟඖ⇞↝཯ᛂィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

a) ィ⟬᮲௳

KIVA-3Vࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⏝࠸㸪⾲4.4࡟♧ࡍヲ⣽ࣔࢹࣝࢆຍ࠼࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྛ࣮ࣔ

ࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚౑⏝㢖ᗘ᭱ࡶ㧗࠸᮲௳㸦1500rpm㸪72Nm㸧ࢆィ⟬᮲௳࡜ࡋ㸪ᅗ4.19࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺

f 0.133 mm x 6 holes

153㼻

0 10 20 30 40

50 73 100 120 150160 200

Injection pressure MPa 0

2.0 1.0 3.0 4.0

Penetration cm

MO100_exp. MO100_calc.

D100_exp. D100_calc.

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

࡟ᄇᑕࣀࢬࣝࡀ6ᄇᏍࢆᣢࡘࡢ࡛㸪1ࡘࡢᄇ㟝ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚60rࡢࢭࢡࢱ࣮࣓ࢵࢩࣗࢆ౑

⏝ࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ྾Ẽ⤌ᡂ࠿ࡽ㸪⾲4.5 ࡟♧ࡍィ⟬ࡢ྾Ẽ᮲௳ࢆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪྾Ẽࣂࣝࣈࡀ㛢ࡌࡿࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ㸦ୖṚⅬ๓ 154r㸧ࢆィ⟬㛤ጞ᫬ᮇ࡜ࡋ㸪᤼Ẽ

ࣂࣝࣈࡀ㛤ࡃࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ㸦ୖṚⅬᚋ157r㸧ࢆィ⟬⤊஢᫬ᮇ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

⾲4.4 KIVA-3Vࢥ࣮ࢻࡢヲ⣽ࣔࢹࣝ

Combustion model PaSR model ⁹⁾

Chemical reaction mechanism

Diesel oil surrogate model¹⁰⁾ / FAME surrogate model ¹¹⁾

Turbulence model RNG k-ε¹⁾

Spray breakup model KH-RT hybrid model⁸⁾

Soot formation model Phenomenological soot model¹²⁾ NOx formation model Extended Zeldovich mechanism¹³⁾

⾲4.5 ྾Ẽ⤌ᡂ

Intake air components (Experimental) O2 vol. % 3.20 CO2 vol.% 16.56

Intake air components (Calculated) N2 mole rate 4.525 O2 mole rate 1.000 CO2 mole rate 1.655 H2O mole rate 1.655

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.19 60rࢭࢡࢱ࣮࣓ࢵࢩࣗ

b) ᐇ㦂್࡜ィ⟬್ࡢẚ㍑

ᅗ4.20࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚⇞↝ᅽຊ㸪⇕Ⓨ⏕⋡㸪Sootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼ

ࡿィ⟬್ࡣᐇ㦂್࡜࡯ࡰ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛㸪MO ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࣃ࢖

ࣟࢵࢺᄇᑕ࡛⇞↝ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿഴྥࡸ㸪MOࡢΰྜ⋡ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ࡜Sootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡀῶᑡࡍ

ࡿഴྥࡶண ័ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ᅗ4.20 ᐇ㦂್࡜ィ⟬್ࡢ⇞↝ᅽຊ㸪⇕Ⓨ⏕⋡࠾ࡼࡧSootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢẚ㍑

c) ྛ⇞ᩱࡀᄇ㟝≉ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪

ᅗ4.21࡟ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟄ෆᙜ㔞ẚศᕸࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᄇ㟝ࡢ⵨Ẽ┦࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ㸬ࡇ ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪MO100࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ฿㐩㊥㞳ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ᄇ㟝ࡢ୰ᚰ㒊࡟⃰࠸⇞ᩱ㡿ᇦࡀᏑᅾ ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᄇ㟝ほᐹᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ⵨Ⓨ

≉ᛶࡀᄇ㟝≉ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬

0 0.1 0.2 0.3

Soot g/kWh

0 20 40 60 80 100

MO %

Exp. Calc.

8 6 4 2

0-40 -20 0 20 40 60

200

In-cylinder pressure MPa HRR J/deg. 150

0 100

50

Crank angle deg.ATDC MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc. D100_exp.

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.21 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟄ෆᙜ㔞ẚศᕸ

d) ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSootࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜㓟໬࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢゎᯒ

Sootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡢᐇ㦂࠿ࡽ㸪పᅇ㌿࣭ప㈇Ⲵࡢ᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⢏Ꮚᩘ㸦PN㸧ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼

࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᖹᆒ⢏ᚄࡣMOࡢ᪉ࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᅗ4.22࡟⢏Ꮚᩘࡢᐦ ᗘ࠾ࡼࡧᖹᆒ⢏ᚄࡢ⟄ෆᒚṔࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪MOࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪PN]࡜⢏ᚄࡀῶᑡ ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸬PN ࡢᐦᗘ࡜⢏ᚄࡣ✵Ẽ㐣๫⋡ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡾῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌

ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ¹⁴⁾㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⇞ᩱ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚✵Ẽ㐣๫⋡ࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸୍᪉㸪MOࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼ

ࡾᒁᡤᙜ㔞ẚࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ✵Ẽ㐣๫⋡ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ4.23࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪MOࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Sootࡢ㉁㔞࡜⏕ᡂ⋡ࡢ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾࡀ㐜 ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿ୍᪉㸪᭱⤊࡯ࡰྠ➼࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Sootࡢ

㉁㔞࡜⏕ᡂ⋡ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡀMOࡢ᪉ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿ୍᪉㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚Sootࡢ㓟໬⋡

ࡀ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

-6

-2

4 Equivalence ratio

0 8 deg.ATDC

-4

0 2

6 8 10

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.22 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᖹᆒ⢏ᚄᒚṔ࡜⢏ᏊᩘᐦᗘࡢᒚṔ

➨2❶࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪άᛶࢧ࢖ࢺࡢࡳ࡟࢔ࢭࢳࣞࣥࡀ௜ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜௬ᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪⾲㠃 ᡂ㛗㏿ᗘࡣᘧ(2.39)࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪Șࡣ⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃ࡢ⾲㠃཯ᛂ ᗘ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⾲⌧ࡋ ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᘧ(2.40)࠿ࡽィ⟬ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ⇞↝ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ཯

ᛂ ᗘࡀ␗࡞ࡾ㸪MO ࡢ౑⏝࡛ࡣ⾲㠃཯ᛂ ᗘࡀపࡃ㸪άᛶࢧ࢖ࢺᐦᗘࡢ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪࠿

ࡘᖹᆒ⢏ᚄࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪࣓࢖ࣥ⇞↝ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡾ㸪MO ࡢ౑⏝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࢔ࢭࢳࣞࣥࡢ⏕ᡂࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪άᛶࢧ࢖ࢺᐦᗘࡢῶᑡࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸

ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪MOࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞ᖹᆒ⢏ᚄࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

. /

i

2 2

soot

SG s C H soot n

A

ω k P α χ A f

N

(2.39)

ࡇࡇ࡛㸪AsootࡣSootࡢ⾲㠃✚࡛࠶ࡾ㸪PC2H2ࡣ࢔ࢭࢳࣞࣥࡢศᅽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

.

/

1 8168

α tanh( - 4.57 ) 1

2 T (2.40)

1.E+12 1.E+13 1.E+14 1.E+15

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 0.E+00

3.E+00 6.E+00 9.E+00

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

9

6

3

0-20 0 20 40 60 80

Average particle diameter nm

Crank angle deg.ATDC

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Particle number density #/cm3

Crank angle deg.ATDC 10¹²

10¹⁵

10¹⁴

10¹³

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.23 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSootᒚṔ㸪Soot⏕ᡂ⋡ᒚṔ࠾ࡼࡧ⾲㠃άᛶࢧ࢖ࢺᐦᗘࡢᒚṔ

➨2❶࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Sootࡢ᰾ᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ẽ┦໬Ꮫ✀࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱ࡶศᏊ㔞ࡀ

኱ࡁࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ⌫ᙧ࡞࡝ࡢ❧యᵓ㐀ࢆᙧᡂࡋ࠺ࡿ஬ဨ⎔ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ࢔ࢭࢼࣇࢳࣞࣥ(A2R5)

ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ㸬᰾ᙧᡂࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣᘧ(2.33)࡟ࡼࡾグ㏙ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟క࠺Sootᚤ⢏Ꮚࡢ㉁㔞 ቑຍࡣᘧ(2.34)࡜ᘧ(2.35)࡟ᚑ࠺ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬

2

5 12 ( ) 4

2

A R C s H

(2.33)

'

²

⁵ (

NC

k

NC

A R

(2.34)

1 0 10

3

5000

k

NC

. exp RT

(2.35)

ࡲࡓ㸪᰾ᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ⢏Ꮚᩘᐦᗘኚ໬ࡣᘧ(2.36)࡟ࡼࡾグ㏙ࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࡢ᫬ࡢ୍ḟ⢏ᏊⅣ⣲ᩘ

(Cmin)ࡣᮏࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ100࡜タᐃࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪NAࡣ࢔࣎࢞ࢻࣟᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

,

min

12

n NC A

NC

df N

dt C

(2.36)

0.E+00 1.E-03 2.E-03 3.E-03 4.E-03

-2.00E+01 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01

Soot mass mg

㽢10^-2 4

2 1 0 3

-5.E-03 0.E+00 5.E-03 1.E-02 2.E-02

-2.00E+01 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 Net soot production rate 3mol/(cm∙sec) 㽢10^-2

0.0 1.0 0.5 1.5

0.5

0.E+00 3.E+15 6.E+15 9.E+15 1.E+16

-2.00E+01-20 0.00E+000 2.00E+0120 4.00E+0140 6.00E+0160 8.00E+0180 Crank angle deg.ATDC

Surface active site density sites/cm2

㽢10^-16 1.2

0.6 0.3 0.0 0.9

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.24 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSoot⢏Ꮚࡢ᰾⏕ᡂᒚṔ㸦A2R5ࡢ⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ᰾⏕ᡂ⋡㸧

ࡑࢀ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᅗ4.24࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪A2R5ࡢ㉁㔞ᒚṔ࠾ࡼࡧ᰾⏕ᡂ⋡ࡣMOࡢ౑⏝࡟

ࡼࡾῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬≉࡟㸪ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺࡢ㒊ศ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪MO ࡢ A2R5⏕ᡂࡀᴟ

ࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᰾⏕ᡂࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࣓࢖ࣥ⇞↝࡟࠾࠸

࡚ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

ᅗ4.25 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSootࡢ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡢᒚṔ㸦C2H2ࡢ⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗⋡㸧

࢔ࢭࢳࣞࣥ(C2H2)ࡣ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡢ௰௓≀㉁࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅗ4.25࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪MO࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ᡂ ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪A2R5㸪C2H2࠾ࡼࡧ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗⋡ࡀྠࡌഴྥࢆ⾲ࡋ

࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

1.E+09 1.E+12 1.E+15 1.E+18

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 0.E+00

3.E-05 6.E-05 9.E-05

-2.00E+01 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

9

6

3

0-20 0 20 40

A2R5 mass g

Crank angle deg.ATDC

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Nucleation rate #/(cm3∙sec)

Crank angle deg.ATDC 10⁹

10¹⁸

10¹⁵

10¹² 㽢10^-5

0.E+00 5.E-03 1.E-02 2.E-02 2.E-02

-2.00E+01 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 0.E+00

2.E-02 4.E-02 6.E-02

-2.00E+01 0.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

6

4

2

0-20 0 20 40

C2H2mass g

Crank angle deg.ATDC

-20 0 20 40

Surface growth rate mol/(cm3∙sec)

Crank angle deg.ATDC 0.0

2.0

1.0 0.5 㽢10^-2

1.5 㽢10^-2

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.26 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSootࡢ㓟໬࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒

㸦Sootࡢ㓟໬⋡࠾ࡼࡧO2࡜OHࡢ⏕ᡂ⋡㸧

Sootࡢ㓟໬ࡣ୺࡟O2㸪OH࠾ࡼࡧNO࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚NO࡟ࡼࡿ㓟

໬ࡀࢃࡎ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪↓ど࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࡓ㸬ᅗ4.26࡟O₂࠾ࡼࡧOH࡟ࡼࡿ㓟໬ࢆ♧

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬OH࡟ࡼࡿ⾲㠃㓟໬཯ᛂࡣSootࡢ㓟໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ᨭ㓄ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚

࠸ࡿ¹⁵⁾㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪MO࡛ࡣ᰾⏕ᡂ࡜⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡀ㍍Ἔࡼࡾᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪O2

࡟ࡼࡿ㓟໬ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪MO ࡟࠾࠸࡚᰾⏕ᡂ࡜⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚

࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍᪉㸪OH࡟ࡼࡿ㓟໬ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬

e) ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSootࡢ⏕ᡂ࠾ࡼࡧ㓟໬࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢศᕸ

ᅗ4.27࡟ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟄ෆ ᗘศᕸࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ⇞↝࡟

࠾࠸࡚㸪MO࡟ࡼࡾ ᗘࡀపࡃ㸪࣓࢖ࣥ⇞↝࡟࠾࠸࡚࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪

ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㧗⇞↝ ᗘࡢᕪࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪NOxࡢ᤼ฟࡀ࡯ࡰᕪࡀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ ศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

0.E+00 5.E+01 1.E+02 2.E+02

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01

0.E+00 2.E-02 4.E-02 6.E-02

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 -2.E-03

-2.E-03 -1.E-03 -5.E-04 0.E+00

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01 -2.E-03

-2.E-03 -1.E-03 -5.E-04 0.E+00

-2.00E+010.00E+00 2.00E+01 4.00E+01 6.00E+01 8.00E+01

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0 -0.5

-1.5

-2.0-20 0 20 40 60 80

Oxidation rate by O2mol/(cm3∙sec)

Crank angle deg.ATDC

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Crank angle deg.ATDC 0.0

1.0

0.5

㽢10^-3 1.5㽢10^-1

-1.0

O2mass g

0 -0.5

-1.5

-2.0-20 0 20 40 60 80

Oxidation rate by OH (mol/cm3∙sec)

Crank angle deg.ATDC

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Crank angle deg.ATDC 0.0

1.0

0.5 㽢10^-3

1.5㽢10^-2

-1.0

OH mass mg

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.27 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟄ෆ ᗘศᕸ

ᅗ4.28 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿSoot⏕ᡂ⟄ෆศᕸ

ᅗ4.28࡟Soot⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪Sootࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࣎࢔ࡢ࢟ࣕࣅ

ࢸ࢕㒊ศ࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪ࢫ࢟ࢵࢩࣗὶࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࢩࣜࣥࢲෆࡢ୰ᚰഃ࡟⛣ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ㸪 Sootࡢ⏕ᡂศᕸ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

10

Temp. K

300 2500 deg.ATDC

2

6

8

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

10

Soot concentration ppm/cm3

0.0 0.6 deg.ATDC

2

6

8

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.29 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᰾⏕ᡂ⋡ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

ᅗ4.30 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿA₂R5ࡢ⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

ᅗ4.31 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗⋡ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

Nucleation rate mol/(cm3∙sec) 0E14 1E14 deg.ATDC

2

6

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

0.0 5.0 deg.ATDC

2

6 AR5concentration2 3ppm/cm

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

Surface growth rate mol/(cm3∙sec) 0E-4 1E-4 deg.ATDC

2

6

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.32 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿC2H2ࡢ⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Sootࡢᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪๓㥑≀㉁ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ࢆ⤒࡚㸪๓㥑≀㉁࠿ࡽࡢจ⦰

᰾ᙧᡂ㸪⢏Ꮚ᰾ྠኈࡢ⾪✺࣭ྜయ࡟ࡼࡿจ㞟㸪⢏Ꮚ⾲㠃࡛ࡢ⾲㠃཯ᛂ࡟ࡼࡿᡂ㛗㸪࠾ࡼࡧ 㓟໬࡟ࡼࡿῶᑡ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ⢏Ꮚྠኈࡢจ㞟ሢᙧᡂ࡟ࡼࡾ㐍⾜ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ㸬

ᅗ 4.29࠿ࡽᅗ 4.32࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ヲ⣽࡞ゎᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪A2R5ࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ᰾⏕ᡂ࡜ C2H2

ࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟ࡼࡿ⾲㠃཯ᛂࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⟄ෆศᕸࡀྠᵝ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡼࡾ㸪A2R5 ࡣ୺࡟⇞ᩱ㐣๫࡛ప ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚⏕ᡂࡉࢀ㸪C2H2ࡣ㸪⇞ᩱᄇ㟝ࡢ㡿ᇦ࡜୍⮴ࡋ㸪⇞ᩱ

⵨Ⓨࡢࣜࣇࢺ࢜ࣇ㡿ᇦ࡛⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ¹⁶⁾㸬ࡲࡓ㸪MO100࡛ࡣࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇ ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ᰾⏕ᡂ࡜⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

ᅗ4.33 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿOH࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬⋡ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

0 1500 deg.ATDC

2

6 CHconcentration22 3ppm/cm

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

4

8

0E-6 -5E-6 deg.ATDC

6

10 Oxidation by OH rate 3mol/(cm∙sec)

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.34 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿOHࡢ⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

ࡲࡓ㸪A2R5࡜C2H2ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ཯ᛂ࡜⾲㠃ᡂ㛗཯ᛂࡀ୺࡞཯ᛂ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ᏶⤖ࡋࡓ ᚋ㸪Sootࡢ㓟໬཯ᛂࡀ⇞↝ᐊෆ࡛ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗ཯ᛂ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

ᅗ4.33࡜ᅗ4.34࡟OHࡢ⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ࡜OH࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬⋡ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 Sootࡢ㓟໬࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣOHࡀ᭱ࡶ㔜せ࡞ᡂศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪OHࡣᄇ㟝ࡢእഃ࡟⏕ᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪OHࡢ⏕ᡂ㡿ᇦ࡜OH࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬㡿ᇦࡀ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉ

ࡽ࡟㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣥࡢ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࢕ෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗⃰ᗘࡢOH⏕ᡂࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬୍᪉㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾

࠸࡚㸪OH࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬㔞ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

ᅗ4.35 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿO2࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬⋡ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

4

8

OH concentration ppm/cm3

0 3000 deg.ATDC

6

10

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

10

0E-6 -1E-6 deg.ATDC

2

6

8

Oxidation by O2rate mol/(cm3∙sec)

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᅗ4.36 ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿO2ࡢ⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ

ᅗ4.36࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚O2ࡢ⟄ෆศᕸࡣྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅗ4.35࡟♧

ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪O2࡟ࡼࡿSootࡢ㓟໬⋡ࡢศᕸࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪MO100࡛ࡣ㸪O2࡟ࡼ

ࡿ Soot ࡢ㓟໬ࡀ࡯࠿ࡢ⇞ᩱ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪O2ࡢ཯ᛂ࡟࠾࠸

࡚OHࡢ⏕ᡂ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ㸬

4.3 ࡲ࡜ࡵ

BDFࡢ⇞↝཯ᛂࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪0ḟඖࡢ໬Ꮫヲ⣽཯ᛂࢥ࣮ࢻࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࢩࣜࣥࢲෆࡢ   ᗘ 㸪 ᅽ ຊ 㸪 ໬ Ꮫ ✀ ⃰ ᗘ ➼ ࡣ ᆒ ୍ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࡜ ௬ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪BDF ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ㍍ Ἔ ࡟ ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ 㸪

CHEMKIN-PRO࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⇞↝཯ᛂィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ྛ⇞ᩱࡢ⇞↝≉ᛶ࡜᤼ฟ࢞ࢫ≉ᛶࢆゎ᫂ࡋ

ࡓ㸬

1) ྵ㓟⣲⇞ᩱ࡛ࡣ㸪ప 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡢ╔ⅆ㐜ࢀࡀD100ࡼࡾࡶⴭࡋࡃ▷ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ప ࡛ࡢ⇞↝

ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ㸬

2) 㧗 㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୧⇞ᩱࡢ╔ⅆ㐜ࢀࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ึᮇᅽຊࡀቑຍࡍࡿ࡜╔ⅆ 㐜ࢀࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⇞ᩱ㛫ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ࡼࡾ㞺ᅖẼᅽࡀప࠸ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇ ᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ╔ⅆ࡛ࡣ㸪ྵ㓟⣲⇞ᩱࡢሙྜ㸪ಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡼࡾ㞺ᅖẼᅽࡀ㧗࠸࣓࢖ࣥ⇞

↝࡛ࡣ⇞ᩱ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

3) ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᙜ㔞ẚࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚╔ⅆ㐜ࢀࡀ▷ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪㧗 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪╔ⅆ㐜

ࢀࡢኚ໬ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⇞ᩱ㛫ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ୍᪉㸪ప 㡿ᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ྵ㓟⣲⇞ᩱ࡟࠾

MO100_calc.

MO40_calc.

D100_calc.

0

4

10

O2concentration %/cm3

0 20 deg.ATDC

2

6

8

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

࠸࡚ⴭࡋࡃῶᑡࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྵ㓟⣲⇞ᩱ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙜ㔞ẚࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ప 㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚

ࡣ╔ⅆ㐜ࢀࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪㧗 㡿ᇦ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏫࡟▷ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪1000K๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪╔ⅆ㐜

ࢀࡀ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

4) ᙜ㔞ẚ1๓ᚋࡢ᭱኱᩿⇕ⅆ⅖ ᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚୧⇞ᩱ࡜ࡶ࡟࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㧗ᙜ㔞ẚ㡿ᇦ

࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪MO100ࡢ⵨Ⓨ₯⇕ࡀD100ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࡓࡵ㸪᩿⇕ⅆ⅖ ᗘࡀపୗࡍࡿ㸬

5) MO࡛ࡣ㸪SootࡀD100࡟ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸ ᗘ㡿ᇦ࡛⏕ᡂࡋ㸪MO40࡛ࡣ㸪Sootࡀ2ࡘࡢ 㡿ᇦ࡛⏕ᡂࡍࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ✀㢮࡟ࡼࡽࡎNOxࡢ⏕ᡂ㡿ᇦࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸㸬 6) D100 ࡢ⇞↝࡛ࡣ Soot࡜ NOx ࡢ୧⏕ᡂ㡿ᇦࢆ㏻㐣ࡍࡿ୍᪉㸪MO ࡢ⇞↝࡛ࡣ㸪Soot ࡢ⏕ᡂ㡿ᇦ࡟㏻㐣ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡼࡾప ࡛㐣⃰࡞᮲௳࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶSootࡢ᤼ฟࡀᑡ࡞࠸

ࡇ࡜ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪㍍Ἔࢆ࣮࣋ࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᄇ㟝ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪BDFࡢᄇ㟝ほᐹࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ

᳨ドࡋ㸪BDF࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿᄇ㟝ࣔࢹࣝࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓ㸬

1) ᮏ◊✲࡛⾜ࡗࡓ⇞ᩱᄇ㟝ࡢྍど໬ᐇ㦂࡟ࡼࡾ㸪 ᗘ900 Kࡢ㧗 ᮲௳ࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ

⿣ࣔࢹࣝᐃᩘࢆỴᐃࡋࡓ㸬

2) ⇞ᩱᄇᑕᮇ㛫୰࡟⇞ᩱࡢ౪⤥࡜⵨Ⓨࡀᖹ⾮࡟㐩ࡋࡓᮇ㛫࡛ࡢᄇ㟝ඛ➃฿㐩㊥㞳࡟ࡘ࠸

᳨࡚ウࡋ㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᄇᑕᅽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ≉ᛶࢆ෌⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬

ࡉࡽ࡟㸪3ḟඖࡢᩘ್ὶయࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾBDFࡢ⇞↝࣭᤼ฟ࢞ࢫ≉ᛶࢆゎᯒࡋ㸪

⌧㇟ㄽⓗSootࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡾ࢚ࣥࢪࣥ⟄ෆࡢSootࡢ⏕ᡂ࡜㓟໬ࡢ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ㸪 ࡑࡢ᤼ฟࢆపῶࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿΰྜẼᙧᡂ㐣⛬࡜⇞↝ ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓ㸬

1) ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚⇞↝ᅽຊ㸪⇕Ⓨ⏕⋡࠾ࡼࡧSootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡣィ⟬್࡜ᐇ㦂್ࡀ࡯ࡰ୍⮴

ࡋ㸪ᮏࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪MO ࡛ࡣࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇᑕ࡟ࡼ

ࡿ⇞↝ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀ㸪MOࡢΰྜ⋡ࡀቑຍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Sootࡢ᤼ฟ㔞ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿᐇ㦂࡜ྠᵝ࡞ഴ

ྥࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸬

2) MO ࡛ࡣ㸪⢏Ꮚᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ⢏ᚄࡀῶᑡࡋ㸪ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽࡢࡣ✵Ẽ㐣๫⋡ࡢቑຍ࡟ࡼࡾῶᑡ ࡍࡿ㸬

3) MO ࡛ࡣ㸪Sootࡢ㉁㔞࡜⏕ᡂ⋡ࡢ❧ࡕୖࡀࡾࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⾲㠃ᡂ㛗ࡀ㏿ࡃ࡞ࡿ୍᪉㸪

᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡜࡞ࡾ㸪Sootࡢ㉁㔞࠾ࡼࡧ⏕ᡂ⋡ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡣ MO ࡢ᪉ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬

ࡲࡓ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚Sootࡢ㓟໬⋡ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

4) ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⟄ෆ ᗘศᕸ࠿ࡽ㸪MO ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣃ࢖ࣟࢵࢺᄇᑕ࡟ࡼࡿ⇞↝࡛ࡣࡼࡾ 

ᗘࡀపࡃ㸪࣓࢖ࣥ⇞↝࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰྠ➼࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ྛ⇞ᩱ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭱㧗⇞↝ ᗘࡢ

➨4❶ ィ⟬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ

ᕪࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪NOxࡢ᤼ฟ࡟ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᕪࡀ࡞࠸㸬

5) Soot⏕ᡂࡢ⟄ෆศᕸ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Sootࡣࣆࢫࢺࣥ࠾ࡼࡧ࣎࢔ࡢ࢟ࣕࣅࢸ࢕㒊ศ࠿ࡽ⏕ᡂࡋ㸪 ࢫ࢟ࢵࢩࣗὶࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࢩࣜࣥࢲෆࡢ୰ᚰഃ࡟⛣ືࡋ㸪⇞ᩱࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸࡜ุ

᩿ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

6) Soot⏕ᡂࡢ㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪A₂R5࡜C₂H₂ࡢ᰾⏕ᡂ཯ᛂ࠾ࡼࡧ⾲㠃ᡂ㛗཯ᛂࡀ୺࡞཯ᛂ

࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ᏶⤖ࡋࡓᚋ㸪Sootࡢ㓟໬཯ᛂࡀ⇞↝ᐊෆ࡛ࡢᨭ㓄ⓗ࡞཯ᛂ࡜࡞ࡿ㸬

ドキュメント内 A Study on Effects of Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Combustion and Emissions Characteristics (ページ 126-146)