ɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɺɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɭ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚɯ ɜ ɫɟɬɹɯ, ɜɵɫɨɤɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɗɣɥɟɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ Ƚɚɦɢɥɶɬɨɧɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ.
Ɍɚɤ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ FindShortestPath[g, "ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ", "Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ"] ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɢɡ ɝɨɪɨɞɚ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ ɜ Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ ɧɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɟ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ HighlightGraph [g, PathGraph [{"ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ", "ɉɨɥɨɰɤ", "Ɇɨ-ɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ"}]] ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ, ɚ GraphDistance[g, "ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤ", "Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ"] ɧɚɯɨ-ɞɢɬ ɜɟɫ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 4 ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɟ, ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1, ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ-ɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ.
ɑɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɨ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɟɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɟɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ FindShortestPath[g, All, “Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ”] ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɪɚɬɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ Ɇɨɥɨɞɟɱɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ.
Ʉɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɚɪɲɪɭɬɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɟ-ɪɟɜɨɡɤɢ ɝɪɭɡɚ ɢ, ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ, ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚ-ɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɟɺ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ. ȼɢɡɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɦɚɪɲ-ɪɭɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɡɨɤ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨ ɨɬɫɥɟɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɭɡɨɜ. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢ ɪɚɡ-ɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɩɪɨ-ɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɛɵɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɫɩɭɛɥɢɤɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɚ
1. Ⱥɥɚɞɶɟɜ, ȼ.Ɂ., ȼɚɝɚɧɨɜ ȼ.Ⱥ., Ƚɪɢɧɶ Ⱦ.ɋ. ɂɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ MATHEMATICA: ɧɚɭɱɧɨɟ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ / ȼ.Ɂ. Ⱥɥɚɞɶɟɜ, ȼ.Ⱥ. ȼɚɝɚɧɨɜ, Ⱦ.ɋ. Ƚɪɢɧɶ. – ɏɟɪɫɨɧ : Ɉɥɞɢ-ɩɥɸɫ, 2013. – 556 ɫ.
2. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ, Ȼ.ɇ. Ⱦɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚ. Ⱥɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ / Ȼ.ɇ. ɂɜɚɧɨɜ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɂɡɜɟɫɬɢɹ, 2011. – 512 ɫ.
3. Ʉɢɪɫɚɧɨɜ, Ɇ.ɇ. Ƚɪɚɮɵ ɜ Maple. Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ, ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɵ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ / Ɇ.ɇ. Ʉɢɪɫɚɧɨɜ. – Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ : ɂɡɞɚ-ɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɎɂɁ ɆȺɌɅɂɌ, 2007. – 168 ɫ.
ȁDzǸ 004.9:658
Ⱥɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɚɫɫɨɪɬɢɦɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟ-ɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ (ɞɚɥɟɟ - ɋɄɆ) Maple (ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭ-ɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ LPSolve, NLPSolve ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Optimi-zation) ɢ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ «ɉɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ» ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɚ MS Excel.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɝɪ - ɦɟɬɨɞ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɤɫɚ, ɫɭɬɶ ɤɨɬɨ-ɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ f1*, f2*,..,fr* ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ fr), ɧɚɯɨ-ɞɹɬ ɢɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ. ɂɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬ-ɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ:
X min(max y
r)
. ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, ɨɛɳɢɟ ɡɚ-ɬɪɚɬɵ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɡɚ-ɬɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɨ-ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɢɠɟ:min
* 600
* 480
* 370
* 300
* 300
* 220 )
( x x
11x
12x
21x
22x
31x
32 o
f
° °
° °
°
¯
°°
° °
°
®
d
t
t
) 2
; 1
; 3 , 1 ( , 1 0
1 1 1
760
* 180
* 248
* 308
* 180
* 120
* 100
60
* 16
* 12
* 54
* 50
* 20
* 0
140
* 90
* 68
* 28
* 12
* 18
* 24
32 31
22 21
12 11
32 31
22 21
12 11
32 31
22 21
12 11
32 31
22 21
12 11
k i ɢɥɢ x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
x x
ik
,
Ɂɞɟɫɶ
f ( x )
- ɰɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ - ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ.;ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ 220, 300, 300, 370, 480, 600 – ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ. (ɞɚɧɵ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ),
ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɯ11, ɯ12…ɯi – ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ-ɰɢɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɰɟɥɟɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɋ (ɨɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ), T (ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ), P (ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ), ɡɚɞɚɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ «ɉɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ» Ɍɉ MS Excel ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɬɢ-ɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭ-ɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ:
Pmax= 2116,66 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ., C=1216,66 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ., T=583,33 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ.
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ:
Ɍmax=583,33 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ., C=1216,66 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ., P=2116,66 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ..
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ:
Cmax=1179,9 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ., T=588,88 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ., P=2081,81 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ..
Ɉɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɹ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɲ ɩɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨ-ɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɜɲɟɝɨ ɜɫɟ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ [1], ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɦɢɧɢ-ɦɚɤɫɚ ɛɵɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɥɟɜɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ (f7) ɢ ɫɮɨɪɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢ-ɱɟɧɢɣ:
-1179,99* <=584, -583,33* <=1214, +2116,66* >=2115,
+ =1, + =1, + =1,
(ɝɞɟ ----100 + 120 + 160 + 308 + 248 + 280 )
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ:
ɉɪɢɛɵɥɶ Ɋ= 1600 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ. ɟɞ.
Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɋ=1000 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ.
Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ Ɍ=530 ɭɫɥ.ɞɟɧ.ɟɞ.
ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɥɚɧ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɵɩɭɫɤ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶ-ɧɨɣ ɢ ɩɢɬɶɟɜɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ «Ⱦɚɪɢɞɚ» ɜ ɪɚɫɮɚɫɨɜɤɟ ɩɨ 0,5ɥ ɢ 1,5ɥ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɫɨɫɬɚ-ɜɢɥɢ 98% ɨɬ ɢɯ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ –113% ɨɬ ɢɯ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ - 89% ɨɬ ɟɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Ɍɉ MS Excel (ɧɚɞɫɬɪɨɣɤɚ «ɉɨɢɫɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ») ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ-ɧɨɣ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ (ɋɄɆ) Maple. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɥɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɋɄɆ Maple ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ.
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ:
> Y_OBZ:=evalf([OBZ1,TRZ1,PR1],4);
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ:
> Y_TR_Z:=evalf([OBZ2,TRZ2,PR2],4);
ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɸ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ:
> Y_PR:=evalf([OBZ3,TRZ3,PR3],4);
ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ:
> Y_mm:=[OB_ZATR,TR_ZATR,PRIB];
Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 2:
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 í Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ, ɝɞɟ ɞɚɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
1. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ: ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟ-ɧɢɣ.[ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]/Ʉɨɫɬɟɜɢɱ Ʌ. ɋ. - Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: http://edu-lib.net/ekonomika/kostevich -l-s-matematicheskoe-programmirovanie-informatsionnyie-tehnologii-optimalnyih-resheniy-onlayn. –Ⱦɚɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɭ-ɩɚ: 14.09.2014.
ȁDzǸ 330: 657.6
Ǹ ǰǼǽǾǼǿȁ ǼȄdzǻǸǶ ǾdzǵȁǹȊȀǮȀǼǰ ǶǻǻǼǰǮȄǶǼǻǻǼǷ DzdzȍȀdzǹȊǻǼǿȀǶ
˓̵̛̦̌ ʫ.ʤ., ̴̨̪̬., ʪ̨̙̌̏̌̔̏ ˃.ʤ., ̭̪̌.
ʺ̨̡̨̡̛̭̭̜̏ ̨̭̱̬̭̯̖̦̦̼̜̐̔̌̏ ̛̛̱̦̖̬̭̯̖̯̏ ̛̜̦̔̌̌̚ ̛ ̵̨̨̛̛̯̖̦̣̐,
̐. ʺ̨̡̭̏̌, ˀ̨̡̛̭̭̜̭̌́ ˇ̶̛̖̖̬̔̌́
ɋ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɞɜɢɠɭɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɭɫɩɟɯɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɟɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɋɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟ-ɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ, ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ-ɧɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɢɞɟɢ, ɝɨɬɨɜɵɟ ɤ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɨɪɨɜ; ɢɞɟɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ; «ɫɵɪɵɟ» ɢɞɟɢ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɪɟɥɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨ-ɜɵɲɟɧ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɯ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ – ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ, ɩɟɪɟɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ;
«ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ», ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ; ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɪɵɧɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ
ɢɞɟɣ ɜ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɢ ɤɨɧɴɸɧɤɬɭɪɵ ɪɵɧɤɚ.
ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɞɟɢ, ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ: ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡ-ɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɪɵɧɤɨɜ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɷɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɵɪɶɹ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ-ɫɨɜ ɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɧ-ɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɟɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ. ȼ ɷɬɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ-ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ-ɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɤ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɟɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: ɡɚɬɪɚɬɧɵɟ; ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ; ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ; ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ.
Ɂɚɬɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ:
í ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚɭɤɨɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɮɢɪɦɵ;
í ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɣ, ɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨɭ-ɯɚɭ;
í ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɪɦ;
í ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ:
í ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɌȺɌ (ɨɬ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ «turn — around time» («ɭɫɩɟɜɚɣ ɩɨɜɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ-ɫɹ»), ɩɨɞ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɸ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ;
í ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ);
í ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ;
í ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ:
í ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ ɢɥɢ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ-ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɜɨɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ;
í ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɬɮɟɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ (ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɨɣ 2, 3, 5 ɢ 10 ɥɟɬ);
í ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ (ɩɟɪɟɞɚɧɧɵɯ) ɧɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ (ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣ);
í ɨɛɴɟɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɪɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
í ɨɛɴɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɭɝ.
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ:
í ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ (ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɵ);
í ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ;
í ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɡɚɧɹɬɵɯ ɇɂɈɄɊ;
í ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɪɢɝɚɞ, ɝɪɭɩɩ.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɬɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɮɢɪɦɵ ɧɚ ɇɂɈɄɊ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɠ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ.
ɒɢɪɨɤɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɌȺɌ. Ɋɟɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ʉ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɪɟɞɧɸɸ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɪɚ-ɛɨɬɤɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɨɜɲɟɫɬɜɚ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ (ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ) ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ, ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡ-ɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚ (ɨɬ ɢɞɟɢ ɞɨ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ), ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɩɚɬɟɧɬɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɨɤ, ɤɨ-ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɭɛɥɢɤɭɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɟɜɟɪɢɞɠɚ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɱɢ-ɬɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ. ɇɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɣ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ-ɧɢɟ ɪɟɫɭɪɫɨɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɨɣ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɩɹɬɶ ɫɬɚɞɢɣ, ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ: ɢɞɟɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ, ɨɩɵɬɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɪɵɧɨɤ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɚɜɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɮɚɤ-ɬɨɪɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɫɭɞɶɛɭ, ɤɚɤ ɢɞɟɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɧɟɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ: ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞ-ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ-ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜ-ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ.
ȁDzǸ 339.138
ǵǮǾȁǯdzǴǻȉǷ ǼǽȉȀ ǶǿǿǹdzDzǼǰǮǻǶȍ ǯǹǮDZǼǽǼǹȁȅǶȍ ǻǮǿdzǹdzǻǶȍ
˔̹̖̏̌ ʧ.ʤ., ̌̏̚. ̴̡̨̖̬̜̌̔, ʿ̵̨̛̯̱ ʤ.ʤ., ̌̏̚. ̴̡̨̖̬̜̌̔
ʦ̡̛̛̯̖̭̜̍ ̨̭̱̬̭̯̖̦̦̼̜̐̔̌̏ ̵̸̨̨̡̛̛̯̖̦̣̖̭̜̐ ̛̛̱̦̖̬̭̯̖̯̏,
̐. ʦ̡̛̯̖̭̍, ˀ̡̛̖̭̪̱̣̍̌ ʥ̖̣̬̱̭̌̽
ɈɗɋɊ (Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ) ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɨɧɟɪɨɦ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɢɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. ȿɺ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ-ɧɢɸ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɨɜ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɜ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɞɨɫɬɢɱɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ.
ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ Ʉɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɩɨ ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɸ ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫ-ɫɚ, ɈɗɋɊ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɥɚ 11 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧ-ɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ – ɞɨɯɨɞ. Ⱦɜɚ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ – ɷɬɨ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɢ ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ, ɩɨɦɨɝɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɤɚɤ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ.
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɣ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ web ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɤ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɸ ɜ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɢ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɢɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ. ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ 11 ɫɮɟɪɚɦ: ɨɛɪɚɡɨ-ɜɚɧɢɟ, ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ, ɛɵɬ, ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɞɨɯɨɞ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɶɸ, ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɩɨ-ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɭɠɱɢɧ ɢ ɠɟɧɳɢɧ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɥɸɞɶɦɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫ ɱɥɟɧɚɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɈɗɋɊ. ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɥɸɞɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ, ɢɯ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ ɢ ɩɨɥ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɫɮɟɪɵ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɸ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɥɭɱɲɟ.
ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɥɭɱɲɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɝɨɞ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ. ɂɧ-ɞɟɤɫ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɦ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɜ ɈɗɋɊ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɨ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, Ȼɪɚɡɢɥɢɢ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɟɧ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɥɢɣ-ɫɤɨɦ, ɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɚɧɝɥɢɣ-ɫɤɨɦ, ɧɟɦɟɰɤɨɦ ɢ ɢɫɩɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ.
ɂɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ – ɷɬɨ ɨɬɱɟɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ ɞɜɚ ɝɨɞɚ. Ɉɧ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɭ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɈɗɋɊ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɹ ɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɩɨ 11 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɂɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɵ Ʌɭɱɲɚɹ ɠɢɡɧɶ.
ɒɬɚɬ ȼɟɪɦɨɧɬ, ɋɒȺ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ, ɧɚɡɜɚɜ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ-ɬɟɥɶ «ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ ɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ». ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ȼɟɪɦɨɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɜɟɥ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ 2013 ɝɨɞɭ. Ȼɵɥɨ ɨɩɪɨɲɟɧɨ 426 ɪɟɫɩɨɧɞɟɧɬɨɜ, 40% ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɟɥɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨ 18 ɥɟɬ. Ɉɩɪɨɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɥ 65 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨ 10 ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ:
í ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ (ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɦ ɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ);
í ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ /ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ (ɧɟɬɪɭɞɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ, ɫɨɧ, ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ);
í ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɬɞɵɯɚ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɟɦɶɟɣ ɢ ɞɪɭ-ɡɶɹɦɢ);
í ɠɢɡɧɟɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ (ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚɯ);
í ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɢɫɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ);
í (ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɚ) (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ);
í ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ, ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɩɨɱɜɵ);
í ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɯ ɜɥɚɫɬɟɣ);
í ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɵɣ ɞɨɯɨɞ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɟ ɩɨ-ɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ);
í ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɨɩɵɬ (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ).
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹ «ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ» ɜ ɲɬɚɬɟ ȼɟɪɦɨɧɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫɭɧɤɟ 1.
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – ȼɟɪɦɨɧɬɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ «ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɹ»
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: [1]
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɚɧɤɟɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚ-ɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 1 ɞɨ 5 ɛɚɥɥɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ 5-ɛɚɥɥɶɧɭɸ ɲɤɚɥɭ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ. 1 – ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɥ ɢ 5 - ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ. Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ «Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ» ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɥ –
«3». ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ: «ɇɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ȼɵ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɦɟɫɬɧɵɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɜ ȼɚɲɟɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɟ?» - 28,8% ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɵ.
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪ «ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ» ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ: «Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ ɥɢ ȼɵ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɬɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ?» - 28,3% ɛɵɥɢ ɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ ɢɥɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɧɟɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɵ.
ɐɟɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ - ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɲɢ ɨɛɳɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɭɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɭɱɲɟɦɭ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɸ ɫɟɦɟɣ ɢ ɞɟɬɟɣ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
Vermont Happiness and Wellbeing Study 2013, commissioned by Gross National Happiness USA, Waitsfield, Vermont and conducted by the Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont.
ȁDzǸ 658
ǿǼǰdzǾȆdzǻǿȀǰǼǰǮǻǶdz ǽǼǹǶȀǶǸǶ ǽǾǼDzǰǶǴdzǻǶȍ ǻǮ ǽǾdzDzǽǾǶȍȀǶǶ
˔̹̖̏̌ ʧ.ʤ., ̌̏̚. ̴̡̨̖̬̜̌̔
ʦ̡̛̛̯̖̭̜̍ ̨̭̱̬̭̯̖̦̦̼̜̐̔̌̏ ̵̸̨̨̡̛̛̯̖̦̣̖̭̜̐ ̛̛̱̦̖̬̭̯̖̯̏,
̐. ʦ̡̛̯̖̭̍, ˀ̡̛̖̭̪̱̣̍̌ ʥ̖̣̬̱̭̌̽
ɍɠɟɫɬɨɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɧɤɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɨɢɫɤɭ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɧɚ-ɥɨɜ ɫɛɵɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦ. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɯ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɨɦ. ɍɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɨɹɬ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɮɚɥɶɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨ ɫɞɟɥɤɟ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ, ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɢ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɷɬɚɩɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɨɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɤɚ. Ⱥ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɭɜɨɥɶɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɧɟ ɩɨɬɟ-ɪɹɟɬ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɫɞɟɥɤɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɛɚɡɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.
ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ (Customer Relationship Management) ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɚɡɭ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ. Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ (CRM) ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ-ɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɨ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɯ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɫɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɨɣ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ CRM. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ-ɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ CRM. ȼɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɟ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢ-ɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫ-ɧɨɜɟ ɪɟɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɇɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɪɟɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝɚ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɜ ɪɚ-ɛɨɬɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɚ [2].
ɋɟɝɨɞɧɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ CRM-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ: Microsoft CRM, Sales Expert, Quick Sales, SAP CRM, Terrasoft. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ CRM ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ
ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɨɝɨ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Sales Expert ɢ Quick Sales. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɲɜɟɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɛɭɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ CRM- ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Quick Sales 2. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.
ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 1 – ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: [1]
Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɪɬɨɱɤɢ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 2 – Ʉɚɪɬɨɱɤɚ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚ ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɦɨ-ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Quick Sales
ɉɨɢɫɤ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬ.ɟ. ɦɨɠɧɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹɦ.
Ʉɚɥɟɧɞɚɪɶ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ: ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ; ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɟɝɨɞɧɹ; ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶ-ɤɨ ɫɜɨɢ; ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ.
Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɨɪ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɫɜɨɞɧɵɦ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦ ɜ Excel, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɨɬɱɟɬ (ɪɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3).
Ɋɢɫɭɧɨɤ 3 – Ɉɬɱɟɬ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ:[1]
ɉɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Quick Sales 2, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ CRM ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ Quick Sales 2 ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢ-ɹɬɢɢ:
í ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɚɦ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ c 200-500 ɤɥɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ-ɧɵɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɵɦ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ;
í ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɹɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɧɭɠɧɨɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɟ, ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɚɧɢɟɣ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɯ;
í ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɬɪɭɞɧɢɤɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦ-ɩɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɛɵɥɢ ɜɨɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɤɥɢɟɧɬ ɫɞɟɥɚɥ ɩɨɤɭɩɤɭ ɭ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ;
í ɩɨɜɵɫɢɬɫɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɨɜ;
í ɫɧɢɡɢɬɫɹ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɟɬɨɜ ɨ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ [3].
CRM-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ, ɚ ɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. ɋɥɟ-ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ CRM-ɩɪɨɟɤɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɢɡɞɟɪ-ɠɟɤ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɪɭɛɟɠɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɝɟɧɬɫɬɜ, ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ-ɳɢɟ CRM-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ:
• ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ 15 ޤ 20%;
• ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ 3 ޤ 5%;
• ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ 25 ޤ 30%;
• ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɧɚ 30 ޤ 35%;
• ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ 10 ޤ 15% [3].
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɞɪɟɧɢɹ CRM ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ: ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɯɨ-ɞɨɜ; ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ.
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ
1. ɋɚɣɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ Quick Sales ɢ Sales Expert [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ:
http://www.crmpartner.ru/products/qs2/ screenshots/ picshow.php?picID=1107. - Ⱦɚɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: 10.04.2013.
2. əɲɟɜɚ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɋɟɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ ɛɢɡɧɟɫ-ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ-ɰɢɣ: ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ / Ƚ.Ⱥ. əɲɟɜɚ, Ⱥ.Ɉ. Ȼɥɢɧɨɜ // ȼɟɫɬɧɢɤ ȼɢɬɟɛɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɯ-ɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ . ņ 2014. ņ ʋ 26. ņ ɋ. 147-160.
3. CRM Super Order [ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɫɭɪɫ]. – Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ:
http://crm- service.com.ua/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=31:crm-&catid=4:2010-11-26-18-50-17&Itemid=10. – Ⱦɚɬɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ: 15.04.2013.
ȁDzǸ 657.22:339.37