̇ˆËÓ̇θÌ˚È Ô‡Í5
11.7. ÇÚ¡Î˚ ÌÓÏË̇ˆËË
Ïðèðîäíûå óãðîçû
Ê ïðèðîäíûì âîçäåéñòâèÿì, âåäóùèì ê íà-ðóøåíèÿì ýêîñèñòåì íîìèíèðóåìîé òåððè-òîðèè, îòíîñÿòñÿ êëèìàòè÷åñêèå àíîìàëèè (â îñíîâíîì ìíîãîñíåæíûå çèìû), ëàâèíû, ñåëè, êàìíåïàäû, ïàâîäêîâûå âîäû, ïîæà-ðû. Ìíîãîñíåæíûå çèìû ïîâòîðÿþòñÿ êàæ-äûå 6-7 ëåò. Âûñîòà ñíåãà äîñòèãàåò 1,5 ì íà ó÷àñòêàõ Òàíõàç, Êèçèëñóé è Ãèëàí. Ñå-ëè, ëàâèíû, êàìíåïàäû, ïîæàðû èìåþò îã-ðàíè÷åííîå âîçäåéñòâèå íà çäåøíèå ýêîñè-ñòåìû. Ñåëåâûå ïîòîêè ïîñëåäíèé ðàç áû-ëè çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû â 1997 ãîäó. Ëàâèíû íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû íà ó÷àñòêå Êèçèëñóé â 9 ñàÿõ, Òàíõàç -â 6, Ìèðàêè - -â òðåõ è íà ó÷àñòêå Ãèëàí -â
÷åòûðåõ ñàÿõ. Êàìíåïàäû çàðåãèñòðèðîâàíû íà ó÷àñòêå Êèçèëñóé îäèí è Òàíõàç -äâà. Ïîæàðû íà òåððèòîðèè çàïîâåäíèêà çà ïîñëåäíèå 10 ëåò áûëè äâà ðàçà. Ñãîðåâøèå ó÷àñòêè ñîñòàâëÿëè 3 è 4 ãà.  öåëîì ïî-âðåæäåííûå ó÷àñòêè çàïîâåäíèêà çàíèìàþò îêîëî 0,2% îáùåé ïëîùàäè.
Ê òåêñòó íîìèíàöèè ïðèëàãàåòñÿ ïîäáîðêà ñëàéäîâ è ôîòîãðàôèé, îòîáðàæàþùèõ ïðèðîäíûå êîìïëåêñû çàïîâåäíèêà â ðàç-ëè÷íûå ñåçîíû ãîäà.
Íîìèíàöèÿ ñîïðîâîæäàåòñÿ âûäåðæêàìè èç þðèäè÷åñêèõ äîêóìåíòîâ, èìåþùèõ îòíî-øåíèå ê çàïîâåäíèêó, ñïèñêàìè ðàñòåíèé è æèâîòíûõ, êàðòàìè, áèáëèîãðàôèåé.
Ïðîãíîç ñòèõèéíûõ áåäñòâèé îñóùåñòâëÿåò Óçáåêñêîå ðåñïóáëèêàíñêîå óïðàâëåíèå ïî ãèäðîìåòåîðîëîãèè (ãîðîä Òàøêåíò).
Àíòðîïîãåííûå óãðîçû.
Êðóïíûå ãîðîäà ñ ïðîìûøëåííûìè ïðåä-ïðèÿòèÿìè íàõîäÿòñÿ íà çíà÷èòåëüíîì óäà-ëåíèè: 172 êì (Êàðøè), 128 êì (Ñàìàð-êàíä), 55 êì (Øàõðèñàáç), 98 êì (Äåíîâ).
Íà òåððèòîðèè Ãèññàðñêîãî ãîñóäàðñòâåí-íîãî çàïîâåäíèêà íå ïðîæèâàåò íè îäãîñóäàðñòâåí-íîãî
÷åëîâåêà. Çäåñü ïîëíîñòüþ îòñóòñòâóþò äî-ðîãè. Íàñåëåííûå ïóíêòû (13 êèøëàêîâ ñ íàñåëåíèåì îò 200 äî 5000 ÷åëîâåê) íàõî-äÿòñÿ âíå ãðàíèö çàïîâåäíèêà.
11.6. ”„ÓÁ˚
At present, all five Central Asian countries are party to the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage. However, World Heritage sites have been identified and nominated only in three of the countries in this region, and all of them are cultural heritage sites (See Table 1). Not a single natural site has been presented in the region thus far.
Table 1.
Central Asian countries participating in the Convention Concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage.
Country
Date signing the
conven-tion Existing World Heritage sites
Republic of
Kazakhstan 04/29/94
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Petroglyphs within the Archaeological
Landscape of Tamgaly
2003 2004
Turkmenistan 09/30/94
State Historical and Cultural Park
"Ancient Merv"
Kunya-Urgench
1999
2005
Republic of
Uzbekistan 01/13/93
Itchan Kala
Historic Centre of Bukhara Historic Centre of Shakhrisyabz Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures
1990 1993 2000 2001
Kyrgyzstan 07/03/95 -
-Republic of
Tajikistan 08/28/92 -
-Year of inscription on
the World Heritage List
INTRODUCTION
Upon the initiative of the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), the project "Training for the Preparation of Nominations of Natural and Natural-Cultural World Heritage Sites in Central Asia" was initiated during the period 1999-2000; it was supported and financed by UNESCO's World Heritage Centre and UNESCO's World Heritage Fund. An interna-tional training seminar was conducted in Almaty, Kazakhstan, during the period May 7-11, 2000, with organizational support provided by the non-governmental nature conservation organization "Naurzum" and the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Representatives of governmental, scientific, and non-governmental organizations of Kyrgyzstan and the Republics of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan participated in the training seminar. Materials prepared by spe-cialists in Turkmenistan were also presented.
In addition, experts in the preparation of nom-inations (including representatives of natural World Heritage sites) from Russia also partic-ipated in the training seminar.
During preparation for the training seminar, work to preliminarily select the most promis-ing, unique natural sites for subsequent inclu-sion of the World Heritage List was carried out in each of the five Central Asian countries, in collaboration with national nature conservation organs. In each country, fundamental neces-sary justification materials (text descriptions) for the presentation of nominations were pre-pared in accordance with requirements of the World Heritage Centre (according to the accepted format for the submission of nomi -nation materials).
After the seminar, materials for a number of nominations were elaborated, and for several nominations in Turkmenistan and the Republic of Tajikistan, materials were practically pre-pared for subsequent submission to UNESCO.
According to the materials from the seminar, a nomination for Naurzum State Strict Nature Reserve in Kazakhstan, which, on the basis of joint work by experts from Kazakhstan, WWF, and NABU, was included in one nomination
"Steppes and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan", which is presently being reviewed by UNESCO.
All nomination projects (11 in total) presented in this document were proposed by experts of Central Asian countries, in coordination with state government organs in those countries.
Existing nomination materials are in various stages of readiness and depth of study and should be elaborated in accordance with mod-ified requirements and conditions and might be presented as nomination projects for natu-ral World Heritage sites for subsequent official submission to UNESCO. At the present time, one more nomination - Issyk-Kul lake area from Kyrgyzsatn was completed and passed toUNESCO, and materials for the presentation of nominations for Turkmenistan are to the greatest extent prepared.
The proposals by three countries in the region to nominate the Aksu-Djabagly (Republic of Kazakhstan), Sary-Chelk (Kyrgyzstan), and Chatkal (Republic of Uzbekistan) State Strict Nature Reserves represent, in fact, clusters, the most representative and preserved territo-ries of one unique natural complex, the Western Tian Shan. And each of these reserves has its own specific character. They are not interchangeable and complement one another in the conservation of a biodiversity complex, the conservation of outstanding landscapes, and monuments of paleontology, history, and culture. For this reason, it was proposed at the seminar that these proposals be considered not as individual nominations, but as clusters of a trans-boundary nomina-tion, the Western Tian Shan. At the same time, special attention was given to the partic-ular conditions and requirements of such a nomination, which should be submitted as a single proposal from three countries in the region, on the basis of trans-boundary col-laboration.
Draft texts of the nominations with commen-tary may be presented by WWF.
Brief information about the 11 primary nomi -nations that were presented at the training seminar and for which experts from the coun-tries of Central Asia prepared draft nomination texts and materials follows below.
Nomination texts prepared:
Kazakhstan
1. "Steppe and Lakes of Northern Kazakhstan"
- Ò.Ì. Bragina, Y.A. Bragin, Yu. Tairbergenov (Naurzum State Strict Nature Reserve);
- Ò.V. Sidorova
(Korgalzhin State Strict Nature Reserve);
- Y.I. Rachkovskaya
(NGO "Ecological Research Center "Envirs");
- G. Geldieva
(Institute of Geography ÌÎN Republic of Kazakhstan);
- A.S. Shestakov, O.B. Pereladova (World Wide Fund for Nature, WWF);
- T. Dieterich, G. Ablaikhanova, M. Brombacher, Y. Kleinn, T. Tenhard (Germany Society for Nature Conservation (NABU);
2. Aksu-Djabagly State Strict Nature Reserve
- I.O. Baitulin, - A.F. Kovshar, - A.A. Ivaschenko
Republic of Kyrgyzstan
3. Issyk-Kul Basin - A.S. Alamanov, - F.N. Balbakova
4. "Sary-Chelek" Natural Complex - E.Zh. Shukurov,
- F.N. Balbakova
Republic of Tajikistan
5. Tajik National Park - Ì.Salimov,
- B. Begmuratov
6. "Tigrovaya Balka" State Strict Nature Reserve
- S.Ò. Blagoveshchenskaya - À.Î. Latifi
Turkmenistan
7.Syunt-Khasardag State Strict Nature Reserve
- Sh.O. Begniyazova, - Î.R. Kurbanov - Ò.V. Lukarevskaya, - V.S. Lukarevsky
8. "Badkhyz- Land of Legends and Winds"
- Y.K. Gorelov, - Sh.O. Begniyazova, - Î.R. Kurbanov
9. "Dinosaurs and Caves of the Jewels of Kugitang"
- Sh.O. Begniyazova, - Î.R. Kurbanov - D. Rakhmanov
Republic of Uzbekistan
10. Chatkal State Strict Nature Reserve - Y.A. Chernogaev,
- Zh. Dustov, - Yu.A. Chikin 11. Gorny Gissar - A.K. Atadzhanov, - B. Aromov, - S.V. Zagrebin
The nominated territory includes steppe units and lakes, has a cluster nature, and is located in the northern part of Kazakhstan within three provinces:
- Kostanai Province ("oblast") (Naurzum, Auliekolsk, and Djangeldinsk Districts);
- Akmola Province (Korgalzhin and Egindikolsk Districts);
- Karaganda Province (Nurinsk District).
The site includes the territories of several spe-cially protected nature areas:
1) Naurzum State Strict Nature Reserve (zapovednik) - NSSNR (area 1,882 km2), and its buffer zone (3,283.02 km2) ;
2) Korgalzhyn State Strict Nature Reserve (zapovednik)- KSSNR (area 2,589.47 km2) and its buffer zone (944.21 km2));
3) Sary-Kopin Zoological Special Purpose Reserve (sanctuary) of Republic-level (825 km2).
At the time of its preparation, the nominated site was comprised of 6401.2 km2; thanks to the positive response to a significant portion of recommendations (to expand Naurzum), the nominated site's current area comprises 8,579.49 km2.
The creation of additional special purpose reserves (sanctuaries) has been proposed.
Statement of significance
Steppe is one of the Earth's disappearing bio-mes. In Kazakhstan, the steppe zone occupies 44% of the Republic's territory. Despite large-scale land-reclamations in Kazakhstan during the 1950-1960s, natural steppe biomes and related landscapes, unique in their floristic and faunal composition, were preserved here, unlike in Ukraine and Russia. The nominated
territory includes valuable model territories of natural steppe ecosystems, endangered in other parts of Kazakhstan (9 steppe forma-tions, represented by numerous vegetation associations). The steppe ecosystems provide habitat to widespread and rare species of steppe animals, including the little bustard (Otis tetrax), sociable lopwing (Chettusia gre-garia), demoiselle crane (Anthropoides virgo), steppe eagle (Aquila rapax), pale harrier (Circus macrourus) and other animals, includ-ing rare invertebrate species.
The nomination includes unique island pine forests (Naurzum-Karagai and Tersek-Karagai, included in NSSNR) that are the southernmost in Kazakhstan's plain steppe.
They represent the unique natural phenome-non of deep penetration of pine forests into territories where the semi-desert zone appears. In addition to botanical interest and esthetic significance, they are very important for the conservation of populations of rare predatory birds, among which are: the largest population of imperial egale (Aquila heliaca) (more than 30 nesting pairs), a sustainable population of Saker falcon (Falco cherrug), white-tailed eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), and golden eagle (Aquila shrysaetos).
A significant part of the nominated territory is covered by a system of fresh and salt water lakes, located on the great Turgai flyway for waterfowl and near shore birds (migration of waterfowl from a vast territory stretching from Scandinavia to the Taimyr Peninsula, to win-tering places and spring migrations to nesting areas) including such rare, globally-threat-ened species as Siberian crane (Grus leucogeranus), red-breasted goose (Branta ruficollis), lesser white-fronted goose (Anser