Japan's EPA Policy

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Japan ’ s EPA Policy

23 March 2007

RIETI Symposium Materials

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Contents

• 1. Overall Picture 2

• 2. East Asia Plan 8

• 3. (Reference) The Results of Japan's EPA Agreements that have Come into Effect

-Taking the case of the EPA with Singapore and the

EPA with Mexico as Case Studies- 18

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1. Overall Picture

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㪈㪄㪈㪅㩷㪙㪸㫊㫀㪺㩷㫋㪿㫀㫅㫂㫀㫅㪾㩷㪸㪹㫆㫌㫋㩷㫇㫉㫆㫄㫆㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪜㪧㪘㫊

Mutual prosperity with Asia Mutual prosperity with Asia

Mutual prosperity with Asia Mutual prosperity with Asia Participate in growth, vigor of Asia Participate in growth, vigor of Asia

Develop production network of Asian industry Develop production network of Asian industry EPA quality is important as well as rapidity EPA quality is important as well as rapidity

Secure stable supply of resources, energy

Secure stable supply of resources, energy

Structural reform Structural reform

Domestic structural reform through economic cooperation Domestic structural reform through economic cooperation

䊶Stronger competitiveness and unified services negotiations through structural reform

䊶Promote transfer of HR Build up skills by importing highly skilled HR e.g. Introduce nurses, carers through EPA with Philippines

Reference: Foreign technicians and researchers entering Japan

Improve productivity, competitiveness through liberalizing trade, investment

ASEAN10 Japan, China, Korea Japan, China, Korea

India Australia, NZAustralia, NZ

㩿Unit: $100 million 䋩

2621 196

184 299

49

629

ੱ᧚䈱ᵹ౉㊂䈲 643 782647 3,6703

5,699

1,036793 1,079 1,229

ੱ

ੱ᧚᧚᧚᧚䈱ᵹ౉㊂䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲䈲 643 782647 3,670670333

5,699

1,036793036793793 1,071719191 1,2292291,1, 㪇㪈㪉㪊㪋㪌㪍

䌈䋱䋰㪈㪈㪈㪉㪈㪊㪈㪋㪈㪌䋨㫐㪼㪸㫉䋩䋨1,000 persons䋩

Technology Technology 㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿 HR intake trending downward HR intake trending downward

2,643 647 2,759

782 3,308 3,396 3,670 5,699

1,036793 1,079 1,229

䋨Reference: Japan’s foreign dependence 䋩䋼Changes in trade value (imports + exports) in last 10 yrs䋾

Deepening of mutual economic dependence

䇼Oil䇽

㪈Sauji 㪉㪍㩼

㪉䌕䌁䌅㪉㪌㩼

㪊㪠㫉㪸㫅㪈㪌㩼

䇼Coal䇽

㪈^Australia 㪌㪎㩼㪉China 㪈㪍㩼㪊India 㪈㪋㩼

Foreign dependence almost 100%

䇼Iron Ore䇽

㪈㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪌㪍㩼㪉㪙㫉㪸㫑㫀㫃㪉㪈㩼㪊India 㪈㪇㩼

Foreign dependence almost 100% Foreign dependence almost 100%

3.2 3.2

^times^times

2.1 2.1

^times^times

2.0 2.0 4.8 4.8

^times^times

2.3 2.3

^times^times

4.5 4.5

^times^times

Strengthen relations with supplier countries of resources, energy Secure stable supply by strengthening investment interests

Reference: Japan’s foreign dependence

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4 Korea

(Pop. 48 million, per capita GDP $14,000)

䊶Negotiations discontinued from Nov. 2004.

Indonesia

(Pop. 550 million, per capita GDP $120) 䊶General agreement Nov. 2006.

Fundamental discussion about resources sector.

ASEAN overall

(Pop. 550 million, per capita GDP$120) 䊶Negotiations started April 2005. Target is agreement within 2 yrs.

䊶Build free business zone adapted to industrial structure spread between Japan and ASEAN.

Malaysia

(Pop. 26 million, per capita GDP $5,000) 䊶EPA concluded Nov. 2002. In reality, tariffs withdrawn

on all industrial products.

Chile

䊶General agreement Sept. 2006.

Important from viewpoint of securing resources.

GCC countries

(Pop. 35 million)

• FTA negotiations started September 2006

• Export market exceeding 1 trillion yen.

Also important from viewpoint of securing resources.

Japan and Japan and

Vietnam

(Pop. 82 million, per capita GDP $600) 䊶Negotiations started January 2007.

䊶Investment from Japan rising sharply.

Also important from viewpoint of improving business environment.

Brunei

(Pop. 350,000, per capita GDP $17,000)

䊶General agreement December 2006. Important as supplier of oil and gas.

Mexico

䊶EPA concluded April 2005.

Includes agricultural products liberalization for firsttime.

Singapore

(Pop. 4 million, per capita GDP $26,000) 䊶EPA concluded Nov. 2002. Japan’s first EPA

(revision negotiations ongoing).

Thailand

(Pop. 62 million, per capita GDP $2,700) 䊶General agreement Sept. 2005. Production base for

autos, electrical and electronic goods, etc.

Philippines

(Pop. 83 million, per capita GDP $1,200) 䊶EPA signed 9 Sept. 2006. Includes agreement on

movement of people.

India

(Pop. 1.029 billion, per capita GDP $700) 䊶Negotiations started January 2007.

䊶One of BRICs, enormous potential market.

Gulf Cooperation Council:

Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman.

East Asia

^Overall

䊶Government leaders of ASEAN, Japan, China, Korea, India, Australia, NZ agree on starting research.

Australia

(Pop. 20.63 million, per capita GDP $30,682) 䊶Agreement between government leaders in Dec.

2006 to begin negotiations.

䊶Important from viewpoint of securing resources, East Asia economic unification.

䌅䌐䌁╬䈮䉋䉎

Switzerland

^(Pop.

7,390,000, per capita GDP $33,678) 䊶Agreement between

government leaders in Jan.

2007 to begin negotiations.

Japan-China-Korea Investment Agreement

䊶Jan. 2007, heads of state agreed to enter negotiations for investment agreement.

䊶Private sector research on FTA is being conducted.

res reseearcarchh..

South Africa

䊶Considering measures for strengthening economic relations

䂾Centered around East Asia, Japan has concluded EPA with 4 nations, reached general agreement with 4 nations, and negotiating or preparing to negotiate with 5 nations and 2 regions. Another 1 nation and 2 regions are

considering. 䇯

Total of 15 countries or regions have been negotiated with.

䊶Reduces tariff costs

䊶Optimizes production locations 䊶Expands markets and

investment destinations

䂾Economic cooperation (EPA/FTA) is an important key to improving

Japan’s economic vigor and international competitiveness. Economic vitalityEconomic vitality Stronger competitiveness Stronger competitiveness EPA effects:

Japan, China and Korea have agreed to enter negotiations on an investment agreement.

㪈㪄㪉㪅㩷㪪㫀㪾㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫅㪺㪼㩷㫆㪽㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪺㫆㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅 ’ 㫊㩷㪼㪽㪽㫆㫉㫋㫊

19 Jan. 2007

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䋨As of Feb.27,2007) 䋲䋰䋰䋴䋲䋰䋰䋵䋲䋰䋰䋶䋲䋰䋰䋷

Singapore Mexico

Sep. Signing

᳁ᲽᲽ

䌊䌡䌰䌡䌮㪄㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸㪄㪢㫆㫉㪼㪸㩷㪠㫅㫍㪼㫊㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪘㪾㫉㪼㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋

South Africa Korea

ASEAN

Dec.General agreement

Vietnam Malaysia

Thailand

Indonesia

India Australia Switzerland

East Asia

Jan. 01Start negotiating

Nov.02EPA concluded Review by

Feb.

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳 Nov. General agreement

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳

䌊䌵䌬䌹䌅䌮䌴䌲䌹䌩䌮䌴䌯䌆䌯䌲䌣䌥

㪠㫅㪻㫌㫊㫋㫉㫐㪃㩷㪸㪺㪸㪻㪼㫄㫀㪸㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㪠㫅㪻㫌㫊㫋㫉㫐㪃㩷㪸㪺㪸㪻㪼㫄㫀㪸㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷

㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳

䋷᦬䌾੤ᷤ

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䋨䌊䌵䌮䋮䌓䌴䌡䌲䌴䌮䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䋩

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌊䌡䌮

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳 Joufs!Hpwfsonfoubm!Ubmlt

Joufs!Hpwfsonfoubm!Ubmlt Joufs!Hpwfsonfoubm!Ubmlt

䌆䌥䌢䋮䋨䌎䌯䌶䋮䌓䌴䌡䌲䌴䌮䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌁䌧䌲䌥䌥䌭䌥䌮䌴䋩 Apr.

䌁䌩䌭㪽㫆㫉㩷㫅㪼㪾㫆㫋㫀㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㫆㩷㪹㪼㪺㫆㫄㫇㫃㪼㫋㪼㪻㩷㪮㫀㫋㪿㫀㫅㩷㪫㫎㫆㩷㫐㪼㪸㫉㫊

Joint resarch group Jul. JointJointresarchresarchgroupgroup

Nov.

Oct.

Inter-governmental talks Inter

Inter--governmental talksgovernmental talks

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥䋫䋳㪡㫆㫀㫅㫋㩷㪪㫇㪼㪺㫀㪸㫃㫀㫊㫋㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿 Nov.Start Inter-

governmental talks

Agreement May

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥䋫䋳㪡㫆㫀㫅㫋㩷㪪㫇㪼㪺㫀㪸㫃㫀㫊㫋㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿 Apr.

䋨Nov.02 Start negotiations䋩

Jul

㪈㪄㪊㪅㩷㪪㪺㪿㪼㪻㫌㫃㪼㩷㫉㪼㪾㪸㫉㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅 ’ 㫊㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪺㫆㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳

Jan. May General agreement Dec.Signing

Inter-govenmental research Inter

Inter--govenmentalgovenmentalresearchresearch Inter-governmental research Inter-governmental research

Feb.

Sep. General agreement Apr. Entry into Force

Dec.03 Start negotiations

Agreement

Sep䋮Signing

䌄䌥䌣䋮 Oct.03

Start negotiations

Agreement

Nov. Cease negotiations 䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳

Review mtng Review mtng Feb.

䌉䌮䌤䌵䌳䌴䌲䌹-䌕䌮䌩䌶䌥䌲䌳䌩䌴䌹䌊䌯䌩䌮䌴䌒䌥䌳䌥䌡䌲䌣䌨䌉䌮䌤䌵䌳䌴䌲䌹

䌉䌮䌤䌵䌳䌴䌲䌹--䌕䌮䌩䌶䌥䌲䌳䌩䌴䌹䌕䌮䌩䌶䌥䌲䌳䌩䌴䌹䌊䌯䌩䌮䌴䌊䌯䌩䌮䌴䌒䌥䌳䌥䌡䌲䌣䌨䌒䌥䌳䌥䌡䌲䌣䌨 Jan

䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䋨Nov.Start negotiations Agreement䋩Feb. Sep. General agreement

㪧㫉㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫄㪼㫋㪾.

㪧㫉㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪧㫉㪼㫇㪸㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫄㪼㫋㪾㫄㪼㫋㪾..

May ^Sep. 䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌃䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌃䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌃䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌃䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳 Jan

Nov. General agreement

Negotiations Negotiations 䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳 Jan

Prep.mtng Prep.mtng

Feb. 䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳䌎䌥䌧䌯䌴䌩䌡䌴䌩䌯䌮䌳 Jun.Start negotiations

Negotiations Negotiations 㪡㪸㫅㪆㪪㫋㪸㫉㫋㩷㫅㪼㪾㫆㫋㫀㪸㫋㫀㫆㪃㩷㪘㪾㫉㪼㪼㫄㪼㫅㫋

Negotiations Negotiations Dec.Start

Jan.Start negotiations Agreement

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪂䋶㪪㫇㪼㪺㫀㪸㫃㫀㫊㫋㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㪺㪿㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪂䋶㪪㫇㪼㪺㫀㪸㫃㫀㫊㫋㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㪺㪿

䇼㪜㪘㪝㪫㪘䇽䇼㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪧㪘䇽

㪡㪸㫅㩷㪘㪾㫉㪼㪼㪻㩷㪹㫐㩷㪧㫉㫀㫄㪼㩷㪤㫀㫅㫀㫊㫋㪼㫉 Jan.Review

negotiation General agreemnt Sept.Signing

negotiation Agreement

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䂾 In East Asia, efforts at regional economic unification through bilateral EPAs are increasing.

䂾 Efforts are progressing through ASEAN, ASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3, ASEAN +6, APEC.

䂾 In East Asia, efforts at regional economic unification through bilateral EPAs are increasing.

䂾 Efforts are progressing through ASEAN, ASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3, ASEAN +6, APEC.

䂾 In East Asia, efforts at regional economic unification through bilateral EPAs are increasing.

䂾 Efforts are progressing through ASEAN, ASEAN + 1, ASEAN + 3, ASEAN +6, APEC.

㪈㪄㪋㪅㩷 Regional economic unification through bilateral EPAs

10 ASEAN nations 䃂AFTA entered into force

1992.

䃂Original member countries will complete liberalization in 2010.

(Thailand, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei) 䃂New member countries

will complete liberalization in 2015. (Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam)

ASEAN

ASEAN 䋫䋳 ASEAN 䋫䋶

䊶Sunner 2006. Specialist study completed, proposal to start consultation between governments.

䊶Jan 2007. At heads of government meeting, continued study by specialists decided.

䊶Summer 2006. Japan proposes start of study be specialists.

䊶Jan. 2007 At heads of government meeting, agreement on start of specialist study.

Papua NewGuinea U.S.A.

Canada Mexico

Russia Hong Kong Taiwan Peru Chile

Among 10 ASEAN countries, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos are non-APEC members.

䌁䌐䌅䌃 ASEAN 䋫䋱

Australia, NZ, ASEAN

Agreement target 2007

Australia, NZ, ASEAN

India, ASEAN

China, ASEAN

Goods sector entered into force 2005

China, ASEAN

Goods sector entered into force 2005

Korea, ASEAN

Goods sector enters into force 2007

Korea, ASEAN

Goods sector enters into force 2007

Japan, ASEAN

Agreement target Spring 2007

Japan, ASEAN

Agreement target Spring 2007

䋨ASEAN, Japan, China, Korea䋩䋨㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪃㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪃㩷㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸㪃㩷㪢㫆㫉㪼㪸㪃㩷㪠㫅㪻㫀㪸㪃㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪃㩷㪥㪱䋩

䊶Nov. 2006. Heads of government agree on study as long term objective.

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1-5. Reference: Economic cooperation negotiations between main countries, regions

Country Status Country, Region Entered into

force・

agreement １７

８２

２９

３６

Entered into force・

agreement ４ Thailand, USA, NZ, Singapore Negotiating ４ China, ASEAN, Malaysia, UAE, Japan

Australi a

Under

consideration ４ East Asia overall, Korea, Chile, Korea Entered into

force・

agreement ３

SACU、India, Andean Community

Negotiating ３ GCC, Israel, FTAA Under

consideration ３ EU, Pakistan, Korea

MERCO SUR

Chile, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Guatemala, NAFTA, Morocco, Bahrain, Jordan, Israel, Australia, Singapore, Peru, Colombia, Oman, Costa Rica, Dominica Negotiating Korea, Ecuador, Panama, FTAA, SACU,

UAE, Malaysia, Thailand Under

consideration

ASEAN、APEC

Entered into force・ agreement

Acp, Mexico, Chile, Algeria, Tunisia, South Africa, Morocco, Egypt, EU, overseas territories, Switzerland, Andorra, Rumania, Bulgaria, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein, Turkey, Faeroe Islands, Macedonia, Croatia, Syria, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Russia, Ukraine, China

Negotiating China, GCC, MERCOSUR

Under consideration

ASEAN、Korean, India Central America region, Andean Community, Euro- Mediterranean Community of Democratic States

USA

EU

(As of Feb. 2007)

agreement ５ Singapore, MERCOSUR, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan

Negotiating ６ Japan, ASEAN, Thailand, Egypt, Korea, GCC

Under consideration

５ East Asia overall, EU, South Africa, China, BIMSTEC, SAARC

agreement ４ Chile, ASEAN, Hong Kong, Macao Negotiating

６ NZ, Australia, Pakistan, GCC, DSCU, Singapore

Under

consideration ５ East Asia overall, Iceland, India, Korea, Japan-China-Korea Entered into

force・

agreement ４ Chile, Singapore, EFTA, ASEAN Negotiating ５ ^{India, Me}

Under

consideration ７ East Asia overall, EU, South Africa, China, BIMSTEC, SAARC

Korea

agreement ４ Singapore, Mexico, Malaysia, Philippines

Negotiating １１

Thailand, Brunei, Chile, Indonesia, India, Vietnam, Australia, Switzerland, Korea, GCC, ASEAN

Under

consideration ３ East Asia overall, Japan-China-Korea, South Africa

Japan China India

※Created based on various information sources, announcements by each government, etc. Particularly for “Under consideration”, omissions are possible.

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２．East Asia Plan

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9

䂾㪪㫋㫉㪼㫅㪾㫋㪿㪼㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㪽㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫌㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫊㩷㫇㫉㫆㪾㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷

㫃㫀㪹㪼㫉㪸㫃㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄㩷㫉㪼㫍㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪧㪘㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪼㫃㫀㫄㫀㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫋㫎㫆㩷㫇㫀㫃㫃㪸㫉㫊㪅㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫋㫎㫆㩷㫇㫀㫃㫃㪸㫉㫊㪅䂾㪪㫋㫉㪼㫅㪾㫋㪿㪼㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㪽㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫌㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫊㩷㫇㫉㫆㪾㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷

㫃㫀㪹㪼㫉㪸㫃㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄㩷㫉㪼㫍㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪧㪘㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪼㫃㫀㫄㫀㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪼㪺㫆

㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫋㫎㫆㩷㫇㫀㫃㫃㪸㫉㫊㪅㫋㫎㫆㩷㫇㫀㫃㫃㪸㫉㫊㪅䂾㪪㫋㫉㪼㫅㪾㫋㪿㪼㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㫆㪽㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫌㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫊㩷㫇㫉㫆㪾㫉㪼㫊㫊㫀㫅㪾㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷

㫃㫀㪹㪼㫉㪸㫃㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫊㫐㫊㫋㪼㫄㩷㫉㪼㫍㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪧㪘㪃㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪼㫃㫀㫄㫀㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪿㫉㫆㫌㪾㪿㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪺㪼㫅㫋㪼㫉㫊㩷㪸㫊㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫋㫎㫆㩷㫇㫀㫃㫃㪸㫉㫊㪅

Prosperity brought about by East Asia economic unification will contribute to incorporating Asia’s growth strength into the Japanese economy.

Promote building of high efficiency production network, and improve regional industrial competitiveness.

As important part of Asian cooperation, maintain

complementary relationship with APEC*, including USA.

Japanese Approach promoting Liberalization and system reform, together with elimination of

regional inequalities through cooperation.

Aim for economic cooperation through ASEAN䋫6 (Japan, China, Korea, India,

Australia, NZ)

Provide intellectual support for policy

proposals for sustained growth of East Asia

Liberalization, system revision Cooperation, elimination of inequalities

㶎䌁䌐䌅䌃䋽Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

㪉㪄㪈㪅㩷㪫㪿㪼㩷㪪㫋㪸㫋㫌㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪚㫆㫅㪺㪼㫇㫋

East Asia 㪜㪧㪘

䋨Comprehensive economic partnership in East Asia,CEPEA䋩

Economic Research Institute for ASIAN and East Asia 䋨East Asian version of OECD concept, ERIA䋩

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10

䂾

㪪㫀㪾㫅㩷㪸㫅㩷㪜㪧㪘㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫋㫊㩷㫇㪸㫉㫋㫅㪼㫉㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪸㪺㫂㫃㫀㫅㪾㩷㪝㪫㪘㪃㩷㪜㪧㪘㩷㩿㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪃㩷㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸㪃㩷㪢㫆㫉㪼㪸㪃㩷㪠㫅㪻㫀㪸㪃㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪃㩷㪥㪱㪃㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥䋫㪍㪀㪅㩷㪘㫀㫄㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪽㫌㫉㫋㪿㪼㫉㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫅㪼㫋㫎㫆㫉㫂㪅

䂾

㪚㫆㫅㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫄㪸㫉㫂㪼㫋㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪼㫊㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㪻㩷㫆㫅㩷㪽㫉㪼㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪽㪸㫀㫉㩷㫉㫌㫃㪼㫊㩷㪺㫆㫍㪼㫉㫀㫅㪾㩷㪹㫉㫆㪸㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㫋㪼㫅㫋㫊㪃㩷㫀㫅㪺㫃㫌㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫅㫆㫋㩷㫆㫅㫃㫐㪾㫆㫆㪻㫊㫋㫉㪸㪻㪼㪃㩷㪹㫌㫋㩷㪸㫃㫊㫆㩷㫊㪼㫉㫍㫀㪺㪼㫊㪃㩷㫀㫅㫍㪼㫊㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㫃㫃㪼㪺㫋㫌㪸㫃㩷㫇㫉㫆㫇㪼㫉㫋㫐㪃㪼㫋㪺㪅

䂾

㪪㫀㪾㫅㩷㪸㫅㩷㪜㪧㪘㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫋㫊㩷㫇㪸㫉㫋㫅㪼㫉㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㩷㫋㪸㪺㫂㫃㫀㫅㪾㩷㪝㪫㪘㪃㩷㪜㪧㪘㩷㩿㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪃㩷㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸㪃㩷㪢㫆㫉㪼㪸㪃㩷㪠㫅㪻㫀㪸㪃㩷㪘㫌㫊㫋㫉㪸㫃㫀㪸㪃㩷㪥㪱㪃㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥䋫㪍㪀㪅㩷㪘㫀㫄㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪽㫌㫉㫋㪿㪼㫉㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫇㫉㫆㪻㫌㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫅㪼㫋㫎㫆㫉㫂㪅

䂾

㪚㫆㫅㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㪹㫌㫀㫃㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫄㪸㫉㫂㪼㫋㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪼㫊㩷㪹㪸㫊㪼㪻㩷㫆㫅㩷㪽㫉㪼㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪽㪸㫀㫉㩷㫉㫌㫃㪼㫊㩷㪺㫆㫍㪼㫉㫀㫅㪾㩷㪹㫉㫆㪸㪻㩷㪺㫆㫅㫋㪼㫅㫋㫊㪃㩷㫀㫅㪺㫃㫌㪻㫀㫅㪾㩷㫅㫆㫋㩷㫆㫅㫃㫐㪾㫆㫆㪻㫊㫋㫉㪸㪻㪼㪃㩷㪹㫌㫋㩷㪸㫃㫊㫆㩷㫊㪼㫉㫍㫀㪺㪼㫊㪃㩷㫀㫅㫍㪼㫊㫋㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㫃㫃㪼㪺㫋㫌㪸㫃㩷㫇㫉㫆㫇㪼㫉㫋㫐㪃㪼㫋㪺㪅

㪉㪄㪉㪅㩷 Aim of East Asia EPA (CEPEA)

䌃䌅䌐䌅䌁

FTA, EPA efforts with ASEAN Regional production network example

Australia, NZ Negotiating India.

Negotiations

China. Entry into force Korea. Signed

Japan.

Negotiating

India

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥

Part s

Vietnam

㪫㪿㪸㫀㫃㪸㫅㪻㪚㪿㫀㫅㪸

㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅

Pa rts Korea

^Korea^Korea^Korea

Example of electronic, electrical maker

Fina l prod uct

Australia, NZ

January 2007

East Asia Summit Spring 2007

Start of private sector research

Nov. 2007

East Asia Summit

Agreement to start study proposed by Japan

Schedule

Private sector interim report expected.

Evaluate future

efforts

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11

Economic cooperation through ASEAN＋Japan, China and Korea

Economic cooperation through ASEAN

＋ Japan, China and Korea ＋ India, Australia and NZ.

２００５ 2006 2007 ～

Private sector study

（2005～2006 summer）

Private sector study

（2007～？）

Establish Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (2007). ERIA

Reference: East Asia version of OECD concept

Japan’s proposal

Now

Private sector study (continues)

（2007～？）

China’s proposal Korean proposal

ASEAN ＋３

ASEAN ＋６（ summer 2006 ）

Agreement at East Asia Summit

Part 1 Part 2

ASEAN opposed

transfer to government research.

Welcome at ASEAN ＋three Summit

2-3. History of economic cooperation for East Asia overall

（timeline image）

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12

㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷㫀㫅㫍㫆㫃㫍㪼㪻㩷㪽㫉㫆㫄㩷㪼㪸㪺㪿㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫐䂟Australian National University

䂟Brunei Darussalam Policy Strategy Institute

䂟Cambodian Institute for Cooperation and Peace (CICP)

䂟Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) 䂟India: Research and Information Systems

for Non-aligned & other Developing Countries (RIS)

䂟Indonesia: Institute for Global Environmental Strategies 䂟㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪑㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼䂟Korea Institute for International Economic

Policy (KIEP)

䂟Laos: National Economic Research Institute (NERI)

䂟Malaysian Institute of Economic Research (MIER)

䂟Myanmar: Yangon University Institute of Economics

䂟New Zealand Institute of Economics Research (NZIER)

䂟Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS)

䂟㪪㫀㫅㪾㪸㫇㫆㫉㪼㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㫉㫅㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㪘㪽㪽㪸㫀㫉㫊㪆㩷㪪㫆㫌㫋㪿㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪧㪼㪸㪺㪼㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪪㪼㪺㫌㫉㫀㫋㫐㩷㪥㪼㫋㫎㫆㫉㫂

䂟Thailand Development Research Institute (TDRI)

䂟Vietnam: Central Institute for Economic Management

䂟Asia Development Bank

z

㪧㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㩷㫇㫆㫃㫀㪺㫐㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫇㫉㫀㫄㪼㩷㫄㫀㫅㫀㫊㫋㪼㫉㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪺㪸㪹㫀㫅㪼㫋㩷㪸㫋㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㫊㫌㫄㫄㫀㫋㪃㩷㪼㫋㪺㩷㫋㫆㫎㪸㫉㪻㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪼㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㫌㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪅㩷㪠㫅㩷㪽㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㪃㩷㪸㫀㫄㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㵰㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㫍㪼㫉㫊㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㪦㪜㪚㪛㵱㪅

z

㪧㫃㪸㪺㪼㩷㪼㫄㫇㪿㪸㫊㫀㫊㩷㫆㫅㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪃㩷㫋㫆㫎㪸㫉㪻㩷㪼㫃㫀㫄㫀㫅㪸㫋㫀㫅㪾㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㪼㫈㫌㪸㫃㫀㫋㫐㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪅

z

㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅’㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㩷㪽㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪈㪇㩷㪹㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㩷㫐㪼㫅㪅㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㩷㪽㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪈㪇㩷㪹㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㩷㫐㪼㫅㪅

z

㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅’㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㩷㪽㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪈㪇㩷㪹㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㩷㫐㪼㫅㪅

z

㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅

’

㫊㩷㪾㫆㫍㪼㫉㫅㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫊㩷㫋㫆㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㪻㪼㩷㪽㫌㫋㫌㫉㪼㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪈㪇㩷㪹㫀㫃㫃㫀㫆㫅㩷㫐㪼㫅㪅

㪉㪄㪋㪅㩷

㪘㫀㫄㫊㩷㫆㪽㩷㪜㪩㪠㪘㩷㩿㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪀㽲㪝㫌㫅㪺㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊

䊶㪚㫆㫅㪻㫌㪺㫋㩷㫊㪿㪸㫉㪼㪻㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷

䊶㪪㪼㫅㪻㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㪼㫉㫊

㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㪼㩷

㪽㫆㫉㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪽㫆㫉㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸

㩿㪜㪩㪠㪘㪀㩿㪜㪩㪠㪘㪀

¾㪜㫊㫋㪸㪹㫃㫀㫊㪿㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫇㫃㪸㫅㫅㪼㪻㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㫀㫅㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅

㪚㫆㫄㫄㪼㫅㫋㫊㩷㫆㫅㩷㫊㫌㫉㫍㪼㫐㩷㪸㫅㪸㫃㫐㫊㫀㫊㩷㫀㫊㫊㫌㪼㫊㪧㫆㫃㫀㪺㫐㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅

㪚㪸㫇㪸㪹㫀㫃㫀㫋㫐㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫄㪼㫅㫋㩷㫊㫌㫇㫇㫆㫉㫋㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪻㪼㫍㪼㫃㫆㫇㫀㫅㪾㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊

㪫㫉㪸㫀㫅㫀㫅㪾㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫇㫆㫃㫀㪺㫐㩷㪸㪻㫍㫀㫊㫆㫉㫊㪃㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㪼㫉㫊㩷㪤㪸㫀㫅㫃㫐㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪂㪈㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪂㪊㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥㪂㪍

㪠㫅㫋㫉㪸㩷㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥

㪧㫆㫃㫀㪺㫐㩷㫇㫉㫆㫍㫀㫊㫀㫆㫅

㪘㪪㪜㪘㪥

㪛㫉㫀㫍㫀㫅㪾㩷㪝㫆㫉㪺㪼

㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪬㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪬㫅㫀㪽㫀㪺㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅

㪚㫆㫆㫇㪼㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫉㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㫀㫅㫊㫋㫀㫋㫌㫋㫀㫆㫅㫊㩷

㫎㫀㫋㪿㫀㫅㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸

¾ 㪚㪸㫇㫀㫋㪸㫃㪃㩷㪼㫋㪺㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅

¾ 㪚㪸㫇㫀㫋㪸㫃㪃㩷㪼㫋㪺

㪤㪸㫀㫅㫃㫐㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊

㪙㫌㫊㫀㫅㪼㫊㫊

㪞㫆㫍㫋㪅㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㪅

㪙㫌㫊㫀㫅㪼㫊㫊

㪞㫆㫍㫋㪅㪩㪼㫊㪼㪸㫉㪺㪿㩷㪠㫅㫊㫋㪅 ERIA: Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia

(14)

13

② Schedule until establishment

Aug. 2007: East Asia Finance Ministers Conference

○ ERIA formally established, home base decided (to be decided by ASEAN general vote).

○ Interim report on East Asia EPA public research

Note: However, this is based on the premise of agreement to the Japan – ASEAN EPA

Nov. 2007 3rd East Asia Summit (Singapore)

* Prime Minister Abe proposed the ERIA plan

* It was well received by all government heads in the East Asia region.

Jan. 2007: 2nd East Asia Summit (Cebu)

Discussion with each country in the region, the plan becomes specific

(15)

14

㪄㪫㪿㪼㫉㪼㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㪹㪼㩷㪸㫅㩷㫀㫅㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫇㫉㫆㫇㫆㫉㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫋㫉㪸㪻㪼㩷㫀㫅㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㫎㪿㫀㪺㪿㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㫉㪼㫊㫌㫃㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㫃㪼㫍㪼㫃㩷

㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㪼㫏㪺㪼㪼㪻㫊㩷㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪥㫆㫉㫋㪿㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸㩷㩿㪥㪘㪝㪫㪘㪀㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫊㩷㫆㫅㩷㪸㩷㫃㪼㫍㪼㫃㩷㫆㫅㩷㪸㩷㫇㪸㫉㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪸㫅㩷㪬㫅㫀㫆㫅㩷㩿㪈㪌㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪀㪅

㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪸㫅㩷㪬㫅㫀㫆㫅㩷㩿㪈㪌㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪀㪅

㪄㪫㪿㪼㫉㪼㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㪹㪼㩷㪸㫅㩷㫀㫅㪺㫉㪼㪸㫊㪼㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㫇㫉㫆㫇㫆㫉㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅㪸㫃㩷㫋㫉㪸㪻㪼㩷㫀㫅㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㫎㪿㫀㪺㪿㩷㫎㫀㫃㫃㩷㫉㪼㫊㫌㫃㫋㩷㫀㫅㩷㪸㩷㫃㪼㫍㪼㫃㩷㫆㪽㩷㫉㪼㪸㫃㩷㫀㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㪼㫏㪺㪼㪼㪻㫊㩷㫋㪿㪸㫋㩷㫆㪽㩷㪥㫆㫉㫋㪿㩷㪘㫄㪼㫉㫀㪺㪸㩷㩿㪥㪘㪝㪫㪘㪀㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㫀㫊㩷㫆㫅㩷㪸㩷㫃㪼㫍㪼㫃㩷㫆㫅㩷㪸㩷㫇㪸㫉㩷㫎㫀㫋㪿㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㫌㫉㫆㫇㪼㪸㫅㩷㪬㫅㫀㫆㫅㩷㩿㪈㪌㩷㪺㫆㫌㫅㫋㫉㫀㪼㫊㪀㪅

38%

45%

60%

䉝䉶䉝䊮䋫䋶

䋨䍏䍜䍏䍻䋫ᣣਛ㖧䋫ශ⽕NZ䋩

䉝䉶䉝䊮䋫䋳

䋨䍏䍜䍏䍻䋫ᣣਛ㖧䋩

㪉㪄㪌㪅㪫㪿㪼㩷㪧㫆㫋㪼㫅㫋㫀㪸㫃㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪠㫅㫋㪼㪾㫉㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫆㪽㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㫅㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫐㩷㫋㫆㩷㪚㫆㫅㫋㫉㫀㪹㫌㫋㪼㩷㫋㫆㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪡㪸㫇㪸㫅㪼㫊㪼㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫐㩷㪈㪀㩷㪚㫃㫆㫊㪼㫉㩷㪜㪺㫆㫅㫆㫄㫀㪺㩷㪩㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅

Percentage of regional trade

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70

1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 㩿㫐㪼㪸㫉㪀

(%)

0QVG“#5'#0,CRCP%JKPC-QTGC+PFKC#WUVTCNKC” CNUQKPENWFGU*QPI-QPICPF6CKYCP 1TKIKPIMF “DOT” Board of Foreign Trade, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei“Trade Statistics”

Created from:(http://eweb.trade.gov.tw/default.asp)

Issue of NAFTA ASEAN CEPT5VCTVQH

EU %QORNGVKQPQHTGIKQPCN

/CTMGVKPVGITCVKQP EU +PVTQFWEVKQPQHVJG 'WTQ

0#(6#

'7EQWPVTKGU

䋵䋷䋦

ASEAN 䋫䋶

䋵䋴䋦

䋨ASEAN䋫Japan, China, Korea䋫India, Australia, NZ䋩

䋨ASEAN䋫Japan, China, Korea䋩

ASEAN 䋫䋳

(16)

15

② Importance as a Trading Partner for Japan

Breakdown by Region of Japan’s Trade Structure (2005)

Comprises 50% of total trade with East Asia

when Australia, New Zealand, and India are included.

East Asia: ASEAN, Korea, China,

Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, Australia, India, New Zealand

ASEAN (Thailand, Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia), GCC (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain), EFTA (Switzerland, Iceland, Norway, Liechtenstein), MERCOSUR (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay), SACU (South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Botswana, Namibia)

East Asia 50.0%

Latin America 3.7%

North America 19.4%

Europe, Russia

15.4%

Middle East 9.4%

Other 2.1%

China, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan

25.9%

ＮＺ 0.4%

Australia 3.3%

India 0.6%

US 17.8%

ＥＵ 13.2%

GCC 8.0%

Mexico 0.9%

Chili 0.5%

Korea 6.4%

ASEAN 13.3%

Total Japanese Trading Figures for Imports and Exports

(2005) 122.6 trillion yen

Created from MOFA trading statistics

(17)

16

EU

Japan

US

East Asia*

EU

Japan

US

East Asia*

䋱䋹䋹䋴䋲䋰䋰䋴

Source: Japan's Trade White

Paper 2006 Korea

*By East Asia we refer to the total of the ASEAN 5 (Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia) and China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and )

EU -> East Asia 㪈㪉㪐㪃㪊㪇㪇 East Asia -> EU

㪈㪊㪇㪃㪐㪏㪊

East Asia -> US

㪈㪋㪍㪃㪎㪊㪎

US -> East Asia 㪐㪍㪃㪈㪋㪍

㪜㪬㩷㪄㪕㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪈㪏㪈㪃㪊㪈㪎

㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪄㪕㩷㪜㪬

㪉㪐㪊㪃㪌㪏㪐

㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪄㪕㩷㪬㪪

㪊㪍㪎㪃㪏㪍㪊

㪬㪪㩷㪄㪕㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪈㪇㪏㪃㪈㪏㪊

Value of Exports

Unit: millions of dollars Unit: millions of dollars

㪡㪧㪥㩷㪄㪕㩷㪜㪬㪍㪎㪃㪍㪇㪉 EU -> JPN

㪌㪊㪃㪋㪇㪎

JPN -> East Asia

㪈㪍㪏㪃㪎㪍㪈

East Asia -> JPN

㪐㪇㪃㪏㪎㪌

JPN -> US 㪈㪈㪐㪃㪈㪋㪐

US -> JPN 㪍㪉㪃㪏㪋㪏

JPN ->㪜㪬㪏㪌㪃㪏㪎㪌㪜㪬㩷㪄㪕㩷㪡㪧㪥

㪎㪎㪃㪇㪉㪉

㪡㪧㪥㩷㪄㪕㩷㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪉㪐㪇㪃㪎㪌㪊

㪜㪸㫊㫋㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㩷㪄㪕㩷㪡㪧㪥㪈㪐㪍㪃㪊㪋㪏

JPN ->㪬㪪㪈㪉㪐㪃㪏㪇㪌

㪬㪪㩷㪄㪕㩷㪡㪧㪥㪍㪉㪃㪌㪍㪊

㽴 Growing Relations With Other Regions

In addition to the rapid increase of trade between Japan and each of the nations of East Asia, there has also been a dramatic increase in the level of trade between East Asia and the United States and between East Asia and Europe. There is an increasingly high level of instances in which Japanese companies are using supply chains that span the entire East Asian area.

In addition to the rapid increase of trade between Japan and each of the nations of East Asia, there

has also been a dramatic increase in the level of trade between East Asia and the United States

and between East Asia and Europe. There is an increasingly high level of instances in which

Japanese companies are using supply chains that span the entire East Asian area.

(18)

17

East Asia Across the

Asia-Pacific APEC WTO

Until 2007

2008 2009 From 2010

Research on ASEAN+6: East Asia EPA

(Ongoing research into ASEAN+3 FTA)

Discussions on strengthening US-Japan economic relations US-Malaysia, US-Thai Negotiations, etc..

Progress in the Japan-India EPA and other approaches Reopening of China-Korea EPA

negotiations?

US-Korea FTA Negotiations

An approach to strengthening economic ties

based on ASEAN+1 (Japan, China, Korea, India,

Australia, NZ)

*China enacts goods treaty

FTA

negotiations and other approaches such ad China-

Australia and China-

Singapore

Progress in

bilateral EPA negotiations with ASEAN such as Japan-Indonesia and Japan- Vietnam

Reopening and Conclusion of the Round

Considering Measures to Strengthen APEC

Compiling FTA Model Measures Research on RegionalEconomic Integration IncludingFTAAP

Hosting of APEC in Japan/Target Year for Achieving the Bogor objectives (realization of free and open trade and investment)

The possibility of an FTAAP as a long term outlook

㪉㪄㪍㩷㪦㫌㫋㫃㫆㫆㫂㩷㪽㫆㫉㩷㪣㫀㪹㪼㫉㪸㫃㫀㫑㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㪸㫅㪻㩷㪝㪸㪺㫀㫃㫀㫋㪸㫋㫀㫆㫅㩷㫀㫅㩷㫋㪿㪼㩷㪘㫊㫀㪸㪄㪧㪸㪺㫀㪽㫀㪺㩷㫉㪼㪾㫀㫆㫅

The initial issue is to settle the situation as concerns Japan-ASEAN trade, or ASEAN+1. After that an

approach can be made to an economic partnership agreement encompassing ASEAN+6, with a

long-term goal being set to include an APEC FTA.

(19)

18

3. The Results of Japan's EPA

Agreements that have Come into Effect

‐Taking the case of the EPA with Singapore and the EPA with Mexico as Case Studies ‐

(20)

19

3.1 The Results of the Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement

¾ Mutual recognition (Electric and Electronic Areas)

On 13 February 2003 it became possible for safety tests based on Singaporean safety criteria to be undertaken in Japan through the Japan Quality Assurance (JQA) Organization, registered in the Japan-Singapore Mutual Recognition Joint Committee, thereby making it possible for mutual recognition based on inspection operations to be done.

(1) Trade trends after the taking of effect of the treaty

Despite the stagnation of the Japanese economy and the outbreak of SARS and terrorism , trade volume maintained the level of average years.

¾ Value of exports from Japan to Singapore 1.7745 trillion yen increased to 1.9448 trillion yen (9.6% increase)

¾ Value of imports from Singapore to Japan 626.7 billion en increased to 680.1 billion yen (8.5% increase) (2) Trade trends for major items whose duties were repealed

¾ Exports of beer from Japan to Singapore

Duty: Maximum of SGD1.7 per liter repealed to 0% Value of trade increased by 20.3%

(Reference: As a result of the conclusion of this economic partnership agreement, Asahi Beer shifted the production plant for beer to be exported to Singapore from a plant in China to a facility in Japan)

¾ Exports of plastic products from Singapore to Japan

Duty: Maximum of 6.5% reduced to 0% (including some items for which the reduction does not have immediate effect) Value of trade increased by 74.7%

*Trade value figures are based on Finance Ministry Trade Statistics

1. Trade Trends in the period Before and After the EPA Took Effect (Comparison of 2002 and 2004)

2. Major effects in terms of Investment

¾ There has been an increase of foreign direct investment from Singapore since the EPA took effect both in terms of investment cases and value invested.

¾ In particular, the year 2003 saw an increase of 550% over the year 2002 in terms of foreign direct investment.

In August 2003 IE Singapore (the Singaporean International Business Agency) opened up a Business Support Office in Tokyo and this has already been used by three firms. In October 2001 the Japan External Trade Organization

(JETRO) opened a Business Support Center in Singapore and as of December 2003 this Center had been used by 19 companies, with 16 of them already having launched operations on the ground in Singapore.

3. Major results in areas other than trade

(21)

20

0 1000

FY20０４ Fy20０５ 2000

2500 3000

FY20０４ FY20０５

(2) Trends in trade in individual items (Source: Ministry of Eco

(2) Trends in trade in individual items (Source: Ministry of Economics, nomics, Mexico)

Mexico)

(1) Trade trends after the taking of effect of the treaty

(

(Trade value figures are based on Finance Ministry Trade Statistics)

1. Trade Trends in the period Before and After the EPA Took Effect

Value of exports of uninterruptible power sources from Japan to Mexico Increase from approximately 2.38 million dollars to approximately 9.53 million dollars

(Year on year increase of 300%)

Value of exports from Japan to Mexico

Increase from approximately 590 billion to 860 billion yen

(Year on year increase of 45%)

Value of automobile exports from Japan to Mexico

Increase from approximately 585 million dollars to approximately 935 million dollars

(Year on year increase of42.7%)

Value of imports from Mexico to Japan

Increase from approximately 240 billion to 290 billion

(Year on year increase of 22%) (100 million yen)

4 fold increase

(10,000 dollars)

Approx. 2.38 Million dollars

Approx. 9.53 Million dollars

Uninterruptible power sources:

Devices that protect computers and other devices from blackouts

(1) Investment

There is an increasing number of companies that are implanting additional and new investments in Mexico centering on the automobile sector

The following are some of the major cases of Japanese corporations that have made additional and new investments in Mexico in the aftermath of the Japan-Mexico Economic Partnership Agreement:

-Mazda (Initiated sales from October 2005)

-Isuzu Automobiles (Initiated sales from November 2005) -Nissan Motors (Expanded local production)

-Bridgestone (Built third new factory)

(2) Cultivating a business environment

Based on the EPA, a Committee to Cultivate a Business Environment has been established with the participation of representatives from the governments of Japan and Mexico as well as representatives from the private sector who discuss various issues faced by Japanese corporations operating in Mexico.

-

The first session of the committee was held in Mexico City on 21 April

2. Major effects in areas other than trade

Treaty took effect in April 2005

(10,000 dollars)

Approx. 590 million dollars

Approx. 840 million dollars

1.4 fold increase

（FY２００４-> FY２００５） (From April – December 2004 to April – December 2005

20%

increase

240 billion

yen

290 billion yen (100 million yen)

590 Billion yen

860 Billion

yen 40%

increase

3-2. Results of the Japan-Mexico Economic Partnership Agreement

Approx. 250%

increase from 2004 to 2005

3000 5000 7000 9000

FY20０４ FY20０５

0 90000

FY20０４ FY20０５

Japan's EPA Policy

0