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Łośの定理とBPI : 選択公理

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(1)

Lo´s

の定理,BPI

と選択公理

alg-d

http://alg-d.com/math/ac/

2013

10

19

定理. 選択公理⇐⇒ Lo´sの定理+BPI 証明. ⇐=を示す.{Xλ}λ∈Λ を互いに素な非空集合の族,X :=λ∈Λ とする.X∩Λ = としてよい.A := X∪ Λと置く.二項関係R⊂ A × AaRb⇐⇒a ∈ X, b ∈ Λ, a ∈ Xb」または「a = b∈ X」 で定める.A := ⟨A, R⟩とする. {Xλ}λ∈Λ が選択関数を持たないと仮定する. I :={Σ ⊂ Λ | {Xλ}λ∈Σは選択関数を持つ} はΛ 上のイデアルである.BPIにより素イデアル P ⊃ I が存在する.このときU := {Σ ⊂ Λ | Λ \ Σ ∈ P }はΛ上の超フィルターである. Lo´sの定理よりAAΛ/U は初等 的同値である.Rの定義よりA |= ∀u∃v(vRu)が成り立つ.よってAΛ/U |= ∀u∃v(vRu) であるから,u := [idΛ] ∈ AΛ/U に対してある v ∈ AΛ/U が存在して vRu となる. f : Λ −→ Aによってv = [f ]と書けばΣ := {λ ∈ Λ | f(λ) R idΛ(λ)} ∈ U である.R の定義からf (λ) R idΛ(λ) ⇐⇒ f(λ) ∈ Xλ だからf|Σ は{Xλ}λ∈Σ の選択関数である. よってΛ\ Σ ∈ F ⊂ U だから∅ = Σ ∩ (Λ \ Σ) ∈ U となり矛盾する.

参考文献

[1] Paul E. Howard, Lo´s’ theorem and the Boolean prime ideal theorem imply the axiom of choice, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 49 (1975), 426–428, http://www.ams. org/journals/proc/1975-049-02/S0002-9939-1975-0384548-X/home.html

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