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TRU晦thematics 24−1 (1988)

BOUNDS ON NUS】[BER OF CONSTRAINTS FOR BAI、ANCED ARRAYS.

Sumiyasu YAMAMyIr)and KOhzi ARATAN工 (Received Mal℃h 16, 1988;Revised April 20, 1988〕 1. Intr「Oduction     An Nxm array T of s symbols, say,0,1,...,s−1,is called a balanced arζay{B−array)of strengl h t, size N, m constraints, s symbOls, and index ・et o・(七){・・’P1’…・P。−1)}’・C ev・・y N・t・ubarray・・。・・.・・皿rh th・・ every t−dimensional vector ρf weight {PO’P1’・・◆’ps_1) ocggrs .exactly ・(t)(P。,P1,…’P,.1)timesasar。・。fT。・     The c。ncep七・f B−a・ray・waS intr・「duced fi・・t upder thg narPe°f ’lpertially balanced aエrays.’by (:hakravarti .(1956). 工t is useful in vari◎us c◎mbinatorial aエeas of experimental desiqns. Amc㎎otherst s−symbol B一牢rays P・・)vid・ u・b・1・nced f・acti・nal・m fact。・i・l de・igns(・m−BEE de・‡∼;n・}having moderate size of assemblies.     In re・ent years・ext旬・i・e w。・k}ha・b・e・.d。ne r・。岨B−a「「ays by’pr9・’ α牢・頑i(1956’1961.)’αh。pr・(1975・’b’1 98.?. ・1 983)’、 Ch°pea頑S「ivastava (1973a,b,1974,1975), Kuriki(.1984a,b), Kuriki and Ya!pamoto(198.4), Kuwada (1979a,b,1980σ1981,1982},1〈uwada and Nishii{1979,1988}.1、Ongyear(1984), Nair and Rao、(1948), Rag…ter (1971)’ Raftコ牢 arxl seiden (1974}’ saha’ MUkerjee qnd Kageyama {1983,1 988).. Shirakura {1976,1.g77), Sbirakura/apd. Kuwada

(1975), SrivastaVa (1970,1972,1978}, Srivastava and Chopra

(1971.・・b’・’1973・1974)’S・iva・t・・a and(ih・・h{1977)’Srivastava..and Wiゴ.etUnga q981)’Y・m・m。t。 and. AraFani(1987}’Y・mam。t。・nd Hy°d°(1.984)’Yamam°t°・ Kuriki. and Natori {1984), Yamamot◎, K口ikL a政1 yuan {1983)t Yqrnarpoto, KUwada a・xl Yuan(1983’1985)頑Y・m・m。t。’St}i・a㎞・and Kuw・d・{1975’1976)・     dn s.symb。1 B7artay.。f、 strengthセ, with m・t c。nstraints having a ・P66ifi・d・・d…et{・{t)(・。,P1,…,・。.1}}鋤q…y・be。・㎎truc鳳舳 ・n雄・yi・c・11・d a・imple。・a fullr・tre・gth array・AB−array。f諏en∼拙 七 with m(>t).oonstraints, however, may not. always exist for an aエbitエarily 35

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36 S.YAMAMOTO AND K. ARATANI gi・…e七・f param・七er va・ue・, i…t…d{U(t)(P。,P1,_,P。.1}}.・。 investigate the maximUm possible number of constraints’i or the inaximum n輌 of fae七〇rs to be able to include in the corresponding sm−BFF design, f。「a・pecified in伝・et i・avery imp。r.七・ntρ・mbinat。・ial p・・blem in statistical desiqn of experiments.      エnthis paper, a fundamental.fo斑ula repreSenting a comecti。n between the weight distribution of symbols among rows and 七he index se七〇f an s−symbol B−array T of s七reng七h t will be given in Sec七ion 2. This is a generali・a七i。n。f a f。rmula given f・r七w。−symb。1 B−arrays bY Srivastava (1972}.      Usinq 七he fundamental formula, a theorem related to nonnegative definiteness.of the Gramian matrix of a set of weight二▽ectors willヒe given 工tprovides us inequali七y which is a generaliza七ion of Cauchy・−Schwarz,s. Severalコineq・alitie・respectively・giving・u・bOupds・n the c。n・七raint・.m may be dbtain担 through nonneqa七ive definiteness of the Gramian ma七rix.      工n Section 3, bounds on the number of constrain七s for 七wo−symbol B−arrays of strength 4 are investigated extensively. 工n Section 3A, inequalities derived fr㎝weight distribu七i。n。f symbols are given.[lhese i・eq・aliti・・mgy .gi・…b・und・。n・・’ respectiye・y・・t i・・…k・。w・’・th・t irreducible representa七ion matri(:es of the information matrix of the 2m−BFEF  』 design derived f・。m・B−array are.n。nnegativ・d6finite and.pr。vide u。 inequalities giving bounds on m (see e.g., Shirakura and Kuwada (1975)). 血r記≡ecit的血蹴ti。・3・2#。・t・。−sy・boi B−arr・y・。f・trength・4・.     工nterrconnections between in∈qUalities derived王r㎝information matrices and th「)se、Ob七ained from weight dis七ribution of.symbols will be discussed in Sec七ion 33.’It have been shown there that the se七s of inequalities derived fr。m irreducible reprerentati。n ma七riceS. are e・lutvalent to s。me。f th。se °bta奄獅?п@f「gm(]ra・nian・・t・ice・・f・gight ・・.・t。rrr respe・ti・・ly・・。・6。鴨・’ numerical inves七iga七ion shows tha七the b。und on『 狽??@60nstraints m obtained・ from weight distribution of symbols is more昏tringent than that二〇b七ained    ・ from nomegative definiteness of informati㎝matrix, inasmuとh as two−symヒDl B−arrとys of stre唾h 4 are ooncemed.     Bourxヨs on the number of constraints for two二symbol B−ar士ays of strength 6 will also be trea七ed in Section 4. Resul七s obtained there are quite similar ヒo those ob七ained in Section 3.

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BOUNDS ON CONSTRAIN正S FOR BALANC正iD ARRAYS 37 2c Bounds d已注ved f主o皿weiglit distrihIヒion   .    . .       .・  ㌦  .’     Le七 T be.an s−symbol B−array of strength 七’with index. Set {P(t)(・。,P1,…,・。−1 ).}, then th・・i・e・。・the a・ra,・T.i・,iven・・y・、 (2.1)’ N・;@ΣC(t:pO’P1’…  ,ps_1)V(t⇒(pO,pl’,…  ,ps_1)’ whe「e su「nmati°n extet・1・・ver−all s−t・pl・.』(P・’P1’…’P・二1)・ati・fyi・g・≦Pゴ≦t {」・・’1’…’s−1)and号;6・」・t’and・(・・n1・,, n2’一,eq), d・・頑一by

n1/(n1旦n21…nk9’den。tes the mu1七in。mia1。。effici・n七with usual㎞W

°°nventi()n F°「the bi・。mi・1 case’・.C{・・nl.’・21 will be alt・m・tiv・ly d…ted as C(n:n1)・dn s−symb。I B−array。f strength t is als。 that()f s仕ength u f()r every positive integer satisfying u≦t・ The co注espondi㎎ index is ’9工V日1 by (2.2} ll(u)(q。,ql、,….q。.1) = ΣC(t−u:pO−qO’…  ;pS_1 −qs_1・)U{t)(pO,pl,… ’pS;1) for e▽ery s−tuple (qO’q1’・・”qS_1}㌃satisfying O≦(弓≦u. and Σ;;↓qj=u・  .     Let W=[(wO)’(w1)’… ’(ws_1)】be the weight dis七ribution of symbols ・m。ng N・。w・。f th・B−arr・y T’.where]th el・tnent’@Wa(ゴ)つf・n且im≡i。・al c°lumn vect°「(wa)den。t・・the number。f a’・c・ntained in」th・。w。f th・ array T・[[hen we have the follOwin9‡     LEMMA 2.1. Let T be a B−artay of.s七rさngth t with index set {・(t}(P。,P1,_,P。.1)}・nd has a w・ight di・t・ib。ti。。。f。ymb。・。 W・[{wO)’(w1),…,(w。.1月.am。ng it・・。w・. Then.f。・ap。・itive integer u n。t 9「eate「than t’and its pa「t千ti°n int。・−eg・tive i・t・ger・q・’q1’…’ ・nd q。.1’we have th・f。11。wing fundarnenfal formul・・..1.... ’. {2.3}

where

Σ」彗1コ9;6e(wa(ゴ》:qa};C(m:u)C{u:qO,q1’… .,qSi:1’)V{u)(/qo t91,...iqs_1}, ・(u){q。,ql、,_,q。.1)・・a・e given. by(2.2).     P・g。f・C°ti・ti・9 ・p th・nuthbe・。f・・y・。f。bt・i・1・g qO・e・。・’ql

鑑三、よごr㍊蒜ぱ≡:h二篭芸遮iT濃9三鷲

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38 S.YAMAMOTO AND K.、 ARATANI Cbuntinσup the salne among every a王bitrarily. chosen u columns of the B−array Tand summinq them up over all possible se1㏄ヒicn of u(≦t)columns, we have the right harld m∈噸 of (2.3).     Following formulas are exhaustive listing. of{2.3}for two−symbol B.array・。f。trenqth t(S6), where th・fact。・i・l f。n・七i。n x[k]。f。・der k ・tand・f・・x(x−1}…(x−k・1)・nd th・i・dex U(u)(q。,q1)i・den。t・d ・・tern・ti…y…野)㎏岨icati㎎th・・t・e・・gth・a・xコ・th・w・ight i if q1・i・     (1*1) Σjlgi WO(ゴ}=mp61}t Σ」要1 w19)=m1」}i)台     (2*1) Σj291w52]{ゴ)≒m[2]V62)’ Σ]ご1w}2](ゴ)=m[2]vS2}・     {・・2}娼・。(ゴ}・1(ゴ)・m【2]・{2)・     (3*1) Σj 291 w63](ゴ)=m[3]U↓3)’ .Ejlll w}3](ゴ)=:m[3】US3)・     (3*2} Σjl,w62](ゴ)w1(ゴ)=m【3]μ}3)’ Σゴ三1 wP](」)wO{ゴ)=m[3]US3)・     (4*1.} Σ}三1w64](」)=m[4]U↓4), Σゴ璽1wl 4](」)=m[4.luE4}・     (4*2} Σ]∵1w∼3】(ゴ)w1(」)≒m[4]1」}4)’ Ej 21, W{ 3](ゴ)wO(」}=m[4]US4}・     (4*3) ・ΣjNiw62](ゴ}w}2](ゴ);m.[4]pS4)・      (5*1).Σ」 lji .55 ]9)≒m{5]1」↓5)’ Σ}三1 w{5エ(」)=m[5]]」95)・      (・・2)撃1・64]U)・{O・m{ 5]pl(・5)rΣ」111・14](」)・。(j・)・M[5],・,E5}・      (5*3} Σ」三1w63](ゴ)w{2](ゴ}=m[5】US5)’ Σ」三1 w{3](ゴ)w6?](j)=m[5]pS5)・      (6*1) Σj21,w66](ゴ)=m[6]U↓6)’ Σ」三1w{6】(コ}Fn[6]P96)・      (・・2)唱惰‘](ゴ)・1(ゴ)・m[6]・{6)・ .Ej 11, ・15】(ゴ)・。{j}・rn[6]・96)・ 、(・・3i唱叫4]・j・・12]・ゴ・・m[6]・▲6),Σjlll・;‘](ゴ1・52]『{」1・m[6]・E6)・

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BOUNDS ON CONSTRAINTS FOR BA工ANCED ARRAYS 39 (6*4} ΣSIw63](ゴ)w与3](ゴ}=m[6]1」S6)・     Le七 {(fl)t (f2)’ … ’ (fk)} be a set of N−dimensional vectors and suppose fa{ゴ)denotesゴth element of a▽ector(fa). The Gramian matrix of the se七〇f these k vectors, i.e., {2.4) Σf1(ゴ)2 sym・ Σfl(ゴ)f2(ゴ) Σf2(ゴド … ・    ・    ● ■    ●    ● Σf1(ゴ)fk(j) Σf2(ゴ)fk(ゴ} ’Σfk(」)2 is nonnegative definite. All principal minors as well as determinan七〇f the Gramian matrix aret therefore, nonnegative and may provide us inequalities. The equality holds if and only if the corresponding Inatrix is not of full rank.     ㎜REH 2.2.])et T be a B−array of strength t havinq oonstraints m and i・dex set{1.E(t)(P。,P1,…,P。.1)}and・・t W・be・th…ight・di・t・ib・ti。・。f the array・エf k vect。r・(fl}’(f2)’…t・nd(fk)whi・h are fun・ti,。n・。f the weight dist「ibuti°n can be ch°sen s°tha七eve「y summand・C。(ゴ)fy(ゴ)in each{x’y)elemen七。f the ab。ve Gramian ma七rix is a p・lyn。mial。f wO(ゴ)’ wl(ゴ)’… ’and ws_1(ゴ)wi七h degree less than or equalヒo t’七hen we may

have inequalities conceming the constraints m of七he B−array using

nomegative definiteness of the(irarnian matrix.     Proof・Since every elemen七〇f the Gramian matrix of k vectors(f1}’ (f2)i・.・・’and(fk)can be expressed inセerms of. constraints m and index ・・t{1.!(t)(P。,P1_P。.1)}, W・fa・y hav・th・・req・i・ed・i・eq・a・iti・・u・i・g th・ fur辻ヨmental formula (2.3). 3. 1)Wo一ミy血b【)1 balanoed arrayS of stエength 4     Consider a B−array T of.s七renqth 4 with constraints m and index set {・14}・1・0,1,2,3,4},and・・t W b・th・w・ight・di・t・ibeti。・。f・th・arr・y.

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40 S..YAMAM〕TO AND K..ARA工ANI 3.1 Wnユities derived fro皿weight distribution of s典)1s   −1  、.     1・et(f(wO’wl D be a vector whOseゴ七h component is f{wO(」)’w1(j D for ゴ.=1,2,...,N . and consider the followinq set of N−dimensiOna.1 vectors:.          [・】・{(1)’(wO》,(・1),(・∼2エ),(・。・1},(・12り.}..、..     [「his set。f six vect。rS is an exhaus七ive sca.le−free。ne.starting with a vec七〇r(1)whose entries are all unity and every⊥nner product among the pairs of them sa七isfies 七he condition of Theorem 2.2 under the restriction that the s七rength of七he B−array T having weiqht distribution W is four. Obviously they are linearly deperMヨent and the number of independent vec七〇rs i・three.…ecti・q・u・h th・ee,・.q.,{(1),(・。),(・62])},・・h・ve th・ follOwing Gramian matrix of. the.se七:   .  ・.        ..   ,     .   , A・((1)(・。}(・62])〕’〔(−1}・(・。}.{・52]})・ .、 . ・.. . sym・ 叩↓1) ・[21・62)・r・u6i) ・[2]U↓2) ・[3]・631・2・n[2]U62) m[4]・↓4}・4;ri[3]U63)・im[2]U62) .・     Since A. is nonnega七ive definite       trivials and om.ittinq positive factors, the folloWinq王our ip∈lqualities ooncerning m (≧4}.Will be derived from its determinant I A I and three two by two principal minors: [{・↓2)U64)一・63)2}・一{・61)・64}一・62}V63}}V6i)・{・61)・↓3)・・↓2)2}・62}]・3 ・[{U↓1)1.L↓4)−6・↓2}・↓4)・5・↓3}2}・一{如6i)U63}−S・6i)・14)・3・62)・↓3}  −       . −2・↓2)2}・↓り・{・∼1㌧↓2}−3U61)U↓3)・2・62}2}・↓2)]・2− ・[{4・6!)U63)−5・↓1)・↓4}・11・↓2)・64}−2・↓2)2。8・↓3)2}N−{2・↓i)・↓2)−S・6i)・↓3)       .・6・↓1}・↓4)−2・↓2}・↓3)・2・↓2}2}・↓1)・{一・9}・↓2)・2・6i}P63)一・↓2}2}・↓2)]・        ・{2・6i)・62)−8・61)・↓3)・6・6i}・↓4L6・↓2}・↓4}・2n↓2)2・4U↓3)2−}・≧・.・, {・・↓2}−ti6i)2}・・N・↓1)一・・↓2}≧・, {N・↓4)一・62)2}・2・{4N・↓3)−5・・↓4)・・6ぞ}2}・・2・U62)−8・U63)・6・U↓引≧0,娠

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BOUNDS ON CONSTRAINrS FOR BALANCED ARRAYS 41 {・↓2}V↓4L叫3)2}・3・{・↓1)・↓4)−6・↓2)・↓4}・5・↓3}2}・2 ・{4・8)P63)−5・∼1)・64)・11μ62)・64}−2・62)2−Sp63)2}・ ・2・↓”・62)−S・↓1}・↓3)・6・6i )ll↓4}−6叫2}叫4)・2略2)2・如↓3}2≧・・     We may note that if.a real symmetエic matrix A is n(鵬ヨative definite then the matエix P・AP is also nomegative defini七e provided P is mmsinqular. Th‡s means that the set of inequalities obtained from tbe. nomegative definiteness of A is equivalent to that obtained from o廿1er Selection of th] ee independent vectors in [a].     Applying similar arguments to the following five exhaustive sets of N−dimensional vect()rs: 【b]: .{(万6}’(%極)’(w1而6)}・ 回・{(嘱)’.(Wo嘱川w11句)}’ 【d】: [e]: [f]: {{MWo i),(叱漁0㍉),{w1砺)}’

{・癖),{・。原),{・,pa6)L誕

{(綱2]), (・。犀i),(・1∠再)}t we have, B・〔(碗){WoviwXo)〕’〔(砺}{wO・%)〕 =じ±1):1:綴;1、6・・+m、6i・〕1 C・((可}(wO呵}〕’〔{可)(wO冷P) =ぱ:)蕊{:1.m・・].1・・〕,

D・〔{極P{叱碩)〕’〔(碩){叱万ow1}〕

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42 S..YAMA砿)TO AND K. ARATANI

E=

F=

〔m[::!21 〔己↓2】)(・。/・52]))・ 〔1[ill’i2)    ノコ 〔瞬2]}

蕊櫻鵠{;・一…、{・)〕,

    一〔(ゐ12コ}(ψE汀}) .:1;㌶1:;オ;;.伽・・1。↓・・〕,    ロ       グ {殉叫2】}〕・〔{砧2])(w。/・12】)〕       ・3・、▲・・〕 arKil       ・m[2]・S2)・13】・y}

         ・ym. ・【4】・S4}柵  .   ・  .

Since these Gramian matエices are nomegative definite, exeluding we have the followinq five inequalities concenユing m(≧4}, i.ec, IBI≧o=> lcl≧o=〉 1DI≧o=> IEI≧o=> IFI≧o=〉 t工ivials,     tW)te that sirnilar argしments t◎ [c], [d], [e】 definiteness of B, C, D, E, and F are equivalent yo those obtained by other selection of 七wo indep∈mdent vect◎rs in.the respective seヒ、of vecヒors.      』 3●2  工rmpqコユties derived加皿.infr嘔tion皿atrioes     工t is well known’(see e.g. Yamamoto, Shiraktra. and Kuwada (1976))tha七 atwo−symbol B−array T provides us a 2m二BFp design. Le七Tbe a two−symbol

B−array of strength 4. size N, m constraintsr and index set

{Ul4);i・o,i,2,3,4}.・h・i・reducib・・. rep・e・ent・ti。・m・t・ice・。f Ch・ {・↓1)U63)−U62)2}・・U62}2・・6i )・62) 一 2・6i.)・63)≧・, {・{1)・{3)一・{2)2}・・pl2}2・V5 1 ) ll 1( 2) L 2ui ’1 )pl( 3)≧・, {・{2}・{4)。・13)2}・・2・{3)2・Ul2)・{3L 3U{2)・{4)≧・, {・↓2)U64)−U63)2}・・2・63}2・U62)・63}−3・↓2)遠4}≧・, ・nd {US2)U▲4)一・S3)2}・・’2pS3)2・US2)US3) 一 3・S2)・S4)≧・・       [a]can be apPliOd to those oases[b], and [f】. Those ineqUalities obtained from the nonnegative

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BOUNDS ON.00NSTRAINTS FOR BALAN(氾D ARRAYS information耳鼠ヒrix of the design T are given by.: K2・〔・5°’°)〕, Where, ・▲°・°} ・{°’°) ・1°’1) ・{1川 ・↓°’°) ・60’i) ・6°’2) ・61 ・1} K61’2) ・↓2・2) Kl=

k隠ll:1;}・and”b;

・ 16uS4}, ・4μ{2), ・・4fi2(・}2) 一 2U}3}), ・4{(m−2}・{2L4{m−3}・{3) =N, ・60’o) sy「n・ ・↓0・1)・↓0’2} ・6i ・i) ・↓i’z∼       ・62’2} ・+4(m−3}・14)}t t ・fi(・−2・6i)), ・ ・iflTi(ifi:Ti’j/T5’(N 一一 4u61)・4・↓2}), ・耐一4{m−1)・↓1}・4(m−1)V62}, ・石1)/2{mh−2〈3m−4)・61}・12{m−2)・62) 一 S(m−2}・63)},頑 ・m(m−1)N/2−4(m−1)(m−2>u6i)・4(m−2)(3・.7)・↓2) −16(m−2}(・−3}・↓3)・8(m−2)(m−3)・64).     Since these repreSentation . Uatrices・K2’K↑and KO are nonnegative definite, nontrivial five out of eleven ineqUallties giving bOunds on the constraintS m can be dbtained. 3.3

      on between血͡ties dedved.㎞infcmmation腿tricesエ

  and、weight distrihlヒLon of s7mbbls

The connection  be七ween sets of inequalities:obtained from the

43

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44 S.YAtNUsK)TO AND K. ARATANI representation matrices of an infoma七i㎝matrix and those obtained加m the weight distエibut二icn of symbc)ls may be summarized in the followinq theorems:     THEOREH 3.1. The representation rnatrix KO is nonnegative defini七e if and only if A is nonneqative defir且te. Pコroof. Since P,KOP=A holds for a nonsingular matrix P=   m/2 0−A■72 0 0 m[2]/4 −{m−1}〆而2 /2m[2]/4 Theorem 3.1 follovvs i∬mediately. ’     丁田㎜3・2・The representation matrix Kl arril only if D is nonnegative definite. is nonnegative definite if Pr∞f. Since Qtkl Q=D holds fヒ)r a nonsingular matrix Q=

kρ/2鍋,

Theorem 3.・2 foll(溺s i田media七ely.     Clearly’K2 is always nonnega七ive・.       .     Let m{工)be the maxi.mm numbetr of m(≧4}whi(h satisfy the nomegative definiteness of KO and Kl t simultaneousユy fcnr a giv∈n ind∈x set and le七m(w) be that of m obtained through weight distribution of symbOls, i.e., the maximum nurnber of m whidh sa七isfy the n(㎜egative defini{二eness of A, B, C, D,Eand F, simu1taneously.[[hen we have the following results fr()m[[heorems 3.1 arxl 3.2 and numerical ∈!xamples given in Table 1.     THEOREH 3.3.咀he Ix)und m‘Wレis『more stエingen七tihan m《1}in a sense su(血 that the former is not ⊆Irea七er than the..1atter for・any and s’mさller. than the latter fOr.some index se七〇f 七wo−symbol B−array cf strength 4.

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BOUNDS ON CONSTRAINTS FOR. BALANCED ARRAYS 45     Examples of index sets satisfying m‘W−)〈m{ID are illustrated in Tak)le 1. B−arrays which attain the respective bounds m{W) can be oonstructed easily for those index sets.     We may note that.the’inequali七ies I Bi≧O and lCl≧O are essentially equivalent to Theorem 2 given in Yamamoto, Kuwada and Yuan(1985).工t has been shown there that m(1}=m{W}holds for every.index set of七wo−symbol B−array provided the strength is equal to 2. Numerical investigations show 七ha七the inequalities deriyed frorn E and F Con七ribu七e rnUch七〇the results of Theorem 3.3.      』− ma 1.Ms七〇f parameters satisfying m‘W)〈m‘1)(partial) Sample size     N

72378024566789002333344444444455

U

2123133123625414

O 工ndex set   μ

3334345334651631

2 μ

1211212211131221

3 μ

1121221343116147

U

3358573799639598

4 UPper tx)und m(w)

5555555555556555

m《1)『

6666666666667666

4. (汲straints forr tsoo−Syrribc)l balanc白d array of strengヒh 6     Cbnsider a  七wo−syrUb◎l B一εirray T  of strength 6 with  index  set {・!6}・i・・,1,2,3,4,5,6}i・thi・…ヒi。・・     1e七 W  be  the weight dis七ribu七ion of the B−array T and  oonsider  the following 15 sets of vectors analogous to [a],  [b],  ●.. ,  and [f] in  the previous secヒion. These sets are, of oourse, exhaus七ive in 七hat they are all possible  sets of vectors and eadh se七is cαnposed of all vectors satisfying the condition of Theorem 2.2 provided the strength of T is 6. [a*]・{{1・),(・。)t(・1),(・52])t(・。・1),(・12]),(・63])r・(・62]・1)’        (・。・12]},(・13])},

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46

S.Y卿〕AND K. ARATANI

【b*]・{(砺)’ [c*】・{{・/w;IT)’ 【d*】・{(鴻戸), [e*】…{{鍋}, .[f*]: 【9*]、{( ,  *[h]:{( 【i*]・{{。 [」*]・{(1t 【k*】,{( ’ [・*】・{(ww1)  *【m】:{{ [n* [。㍉・{( ’       {Wo  ’(w1 ’       (wO碩}’(w1万ow1) 廟)’(Wowゴ廟) {瞬2]},(・。1,(・12]),(・↓・】・]),(・。・12])

応・・。.’・・1,

4∼2]・1),(・。、.1),{・1嬬)},

后再,・。。。,・。1。1,

   緬・(。。一,,。13])},

   福石}(・。 ,(・1 ,

応,晶・,・・1。1・},

   ・62]・{2]),(・。  ,(・1  ,

・・{・血。・P・),←,・。1ゐ。。    .・〈再)(・。4]),・。14】)}. (・。/示い・1句)抽↓2]砺),(・。・1砺),{wl2]砺)}, (w。可),(・1綱),(・占2]石).  ),{・12]綱)},     仰)聯)(・∼・]pa6},(・。・1岬),(・1・]■}},       ,(w82]    ,(・12】fdi。・1}},

    堀・卒 癖 〆縞,。1・・恥i,

     繭  ∼

    応)癖・}

      鞠}卿・}

  (・。血。・}3】)  P]}},㎝d

    癖 炉

    Selec七ing maximum numbeエof.independent vectors in each of the sets as has been dOne with respect to each of the sets【al,[bL...,and[f]in the previ。us section, the follo岨㎎15 Grqmian rna・trices WUI be obtained. At=〔(1)(・。)『 i・62])(・占3]})1’k川(・。){・6・】){・∼・])〕

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BOUNDS ON OONSTRAINTS R)R正汎ANCED ARRAYS   ︶   1   ︵︵U    @椰   鋤   ︵0 ︶  μ −  ︼

IU2

叩吋

N

sym・ m【2】u62) ・[3】・↓3)・im[2】P↓2) m[4】・↓4)・dm[3】U63)       +2m[2]P↓2) ・[3]・↓3) ・[4]U64)・dn[31μ↓3} ・[5】叫5)・6・[4]・64)・6・n【3]u63) .・[6】・↓6)・em[5]P6s)・1dn[4]・↓4)        ・6・13]・↓3) B*・〔(砺}(叱砺}(硝2]砺)〕1〔(砺){%砺}(w62】砺)〕・ ’

・「:1::1:耀三飼・{翼遷iiiilii:麟;』P】,

c㌧i〔(AWI)(%而∫)(惰2]呵)〕・〔(・1{}IT)(.ov{}]17)《w62】呵)〕 = 叩li)・【2】・{2)      ・[3】・{3)柵[2】・{2) sym・

iiiii{iil‡lll]1し刷」,

D*=〔(■)(WO・1(Jol2−i)(w82]雇万》〕・〔磁62])《WO/w5tt’]’)(w62]/w5−2」)〕 ・[2]・62} sym・ m【3】U63}+2m[2】U62) ・[4]U64)・im[3】・↓3}・dm[2]・62) ・[4】・↓4》・4・13]U63)・in[2】U62) ・【5】P65)・8・[4】U64)..        +1・4m【3]U↓3)+dn【2】U62} ・m[『!略6)・1加[r]・↓5}・3S・【4]u64)        +32m[3]U63,+4rnt2]U↓2) ず・〔(砺}(晒。・1}(惰2】〆縞)〕・〔(鏑).{%砺可)(惰2】碩》〕 m[2]・12} sym・ ・[31・{3)・m[2】・{2) ・[4】・}4}・3・[3]μ{3}・m[2]      ・[4]・{4)・2m[3】・{3) 」2)・【5】・15)・S・・【41Ui( 4)・dm[3】・13}      ・[6】U i( 6 }・S・[ 5]μ15)        ・1伽[4]・141・伽【3】・}3) ・’・〔(網)(嚇乏1パ・↓2瞬2】}〕1〔{綱2])1嚇2∫)(・ε2]ゐP】)) ’ ’ 47

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48 S.YAbtVV,⑪TO AND K. ARATANI

・1:ぽlll㌫B酉iiiiliil:lll墨卿],

G*・〔(●)(・。応}〕・〔(ゐ∼3])(・。/・19T,])〕 ニ〔m[二謬1;蹴:lllオ1;却・・、↓・・〕, H*・〔(晒){・。縞)〕1〔(砧2]・1)(・。砧2】・1)〕

;〔m[二il’i3):lll鵜ll恥・・副,

・*・〔(縞)(・。/G。・12])〕’〔(ゐ。・12】){・q嚇2])〕 =〔・[3]uS3)・[41・S4)・m【3]・S3)・ym.・[5]・S5)・3・[4]VS4)・・[3]・S3)〕, ・*・刷・])・(・。4・])〕・〔(癌・]}(・。卵))「 ニ〔m[㍊}3綴1:+m…。▲・・1, K’・((/W64]}(・。砧4]}〕’((/wge)(・。ゐ∼4])) ={m[1:!4’:1:1オ:;;1:lgl:ggl.,.,.…、∼・・}, L*・〔(厄)(vlr。/・63]・1)〕tc(/・63】・1}(・。砧3】・1)〕 =〔m[翼4):1::1{:;1::1;蜘・・、{・・〕, ㎡緬62]・12])・・。/・6…1・・)噺6・・。1・])、。。/k5・1。1・・))

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BOUNDS ON CONS[1[RAINTS FOR BALANCED ARRAYS =〔m[1:i4):1:;オ:1::1:1:1’9;,4,n[・, ㎡・〔(/W。・}rエ}(句ゐ。・P]))・〔・酬     vS4}

   3】      ) ’

=〔m[:よ!4) (Wbゐow}3])) :1:1:i:::㍊;;・∋・ILI・ll,    嬬]))1〔{/ti {Wo鴻

and

♂・〔・/ti再…。κ再・)1〔・恥・。。炉、〕 =〔mll:i4)當・+m[・・、▲・,}.     These Gram;an m・t・iceミare n。nneg・tive d・finite and th。y。。e th。 functi。ms・)f廿給垣獣・et品th・。㎝・tr・inヒ・m。f a B−arr・y、[Ilh。。 w。 have 15sets of j,nequalities Oonceminq the oons七raints m.’     工tis also㎞own that the irreducible representation matrioes of the i㎡゜「m・ti。・m・t「1・・f th・2m−BFI? d・・ig・・derived fr。m・B−array・T・・f・t。e。gth 6・r・g・・㎝㎏也・。・・㎝・n・ ・;,・1,・‡,and ・91

K9=〔KSO’O)〕,

司ヱ]1:ll}’ KI一

K1・{O’2)

   ・{1’2) ・ym.・}2’2)

,翻弍・

     ・↓°’3)      ・6i ・3)      ・62’3) ・ym.・↓3’3} , whe「er K2’Kl and KO are th・・am・with th。・e repre・entati㎝mat・i。e。 given ln』rection 3.2, ・S°’°)・ 64uS6), ・▲°’1)・16辰(・▲4}−2・S5)), ・▲”1」 ・ 16{(m−4)pS‘) 一 ・{m−S)・S5)・4(m−S}、S・)}t Kl°’2)・4ふ二緬3)/・1・12} 一 4ui・}・・、S・},, 49

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50 S.Y蝕IAMOTO AND K. ARA工ANI  』 ・{1’21・4縞万{(m−2}・{2}一       一8(m−4}・{5)}, 『 ・12’2} ・60’3) ・6i ・3} ・↓2β} K63’3} 2(3m−1・)U{3/)・12(m−4)・{4} ・4{{・−2)(m−3)・{2)!2−4(血一3}(m−4)・13)・.4(m−4)(dn−13)・{4) −16(・−4)(m−5)・{5)・8(m−4)(m−5沁16)}, ・価一η(m−2}/・(・−6・↓1).・12・↓・L8・↓・})∴.

・一{mi−4伽一3)・↓1)・12伽一5)・62)

−32(m−3}・↓3}・16(m−3)1.i∼4)}, ・…{・(m−1}N−2(m−1}(5・−12)・↓:)・8(・・3)(5肝11)・↓2) −i6(m−3)(・m−17)・↓3)・8・(m−3パm−4}・↓4)−3.・{・−3Hm−4}・6S)}頑 ・m(m−1}(m−2)N/6−2(m−1)(m−2Xm−3}・61}  . ・2(m−2}(m−3){5m−17)叫2)・16(・二3)(m−4×5m−16}・63)/3 ・. W(m−3)(m−4){5m−22}・ε4L32(・−3H・−4)(・−5,・65) ・32(m−3){m−4}(m一珈↓6)/3.     血≡輌・・e・.㎞・・;・re−}…t・ve d・fi垣・・and・・。Y・d・yS・・e・・。・ in∈,qualities (xm.derl鞠 the (x)nstraints m.     The oonnection between 15 sets of inequalities obtained from the weight distribution of symbols.and 3 sets of inequalities obtained from the repエesenta七ion matrices of the inforπ旧七iσn matrix will also be summarized in this case as follows二     ㎜脳4・1・血・・ePre・㎝t・ti。・m・triX.K;i・一・g・ti・e d・f血it・if

and。niy if A’ i・n。meg・tiv・definite.     −

    h。。f・Sin…X’K6X・A*h。・dS・f・・a・・ns麺・・−t・返.. X=

0︵UO

m!2 一耐2 0 0 m[2】!4 m[3]/8 −(m−1}VfiiTl2−3(m−1)[.2】〆気78 V5Ri71/43(m.2)V5ilj面/8

0  ..石面/8

t

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BOUNDS ON CONSTRAINTS FOR BALAN〔正D ARRAYS 血eorem 4.1 fOllgws i]fimedlately.     −4・2・th・・epre・e・t・ti。・m・t・i・Kf i・n。nn・q・ti・・d・fi・it・if and。nly if E*i・n㎝司・tive d。fi。it。.     ・・∞f・Si…Y’・‡・・E*h。ld・f。r a n。・・i剛・・mat・i・ Y=

胴/2

00

∠[2]/4.vf{「ji/4 0 (m.2)(m.1)/m[2】/8       r _(m_1)〆/ft1 [3]/4 /th[4]/8 ’ [[heorem 4.2 follows imnediately.     旺一4・3・[[h・・repre・en七・ti。…t・i・K;i・一・9・七ive d・fi・it・if       ネ       and only if M  is n()nnegative definite.     ・・。。f・Si・。・Z’K;・・H*h。・d・f・…n・nsi・qU・ar・m・t・i・

         z=〔ゲコ/4繋i;:〕,  ・

質heorem 4.3 follows immedia七ely.     L・tm*《・)b・th・maxim・m number。f m。ati。fyi。g。。nneg。tiv。 d・fi・it・ness・f K吉,・‡, and K;f・r a qive i・d・x・e七・f・七renqth 6 and・・t m*シ田b・th・t・ati・fyi・q the n。nneg。tive d。fifiiteness。f 15m。t。ice。 A*,  *       * B,...,and Oワthen Theorems 4.1,4.2, and 4.3, and the. numerical example illustrated in[[al)le 2 show tha七the following:     ㎜蛭M4.4.血・bO・・xi・m*{剛i・m。re・tri。ge。t.th。n m*(・⊃.     工nasmuch as those index sets lis七ed in Table 2. it can be shown七hat       * those two−symbol B−arrays of strength 6 which a七tain七he bounds m        佃}    * (〈皿     (1⊃) can be const:ructed. 51

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52 S.YAMA沌)TO AND.1(. ARATANI

丁蹴2.

Li。t。fロ鵡ters r

唐℃オi・fying・m*iW)・m’《1) (partia1)

Samp]k∋size     N 80 113 114 114 115 115 116 121 127 128 129 130 134 135 工ndex set μO  VI  P2  P3  U4  Ps  P6

31122232012311

12222323111133

03333131333322

11111111222211

21111313111133

33333233333333

32323333333323

    AcknowledgmenlL 正his work was supported in of Science University of [[bkyo under oon丘acヒN輌 87−1001

*PP埠『

m(剛          m《ID   7     8   7     8   7 .   8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8   7     8 part by the Research Gピant        ’ 1 Chakravarti, 工.M. (1956). Frac七ional replication in asymmetrical faCtorial     designs and partially balanced arrays. Sankhya− 17, 143−164. Chakravarti, LM. (1961). On some methOds of construction of partially

伽,.三1叢r蒜罪鑑農竺,鑑㌘蕗。二』!品□蓋。t。。、。、d。。i,。。。,

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