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SOME T且EOREMS ON K−CO]QTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS

      AND SAS.AKIAN MANIFOLDS

途       B.Y

TETuRo MIYAZAWA AND SEIIcHI YAMAGUCHI

  III this paper, we give some results ill K−contact met亘c manifblds and Sasakian manifblds. We shall devote§1 to preliminades. In§2, we shall consider some types of Sasakia皿manifblds. In§3 and§4, we shall discuss solne transfbrmations・   The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Pro£T. Adati fbr his con− stant guidances and criticisms.   1.Preliminaries. In an odd n(=・ 2m十1)−dimensiollal real differentiable manifold Mn with local coordinates{xε}1), if there exist a mixed tensor field q♂, a contra− variant v㏄tor丘eldξi and a covariant vector fieldηi satisfying ?ηi=・1, ψ」▽ゾ=一 δ鳶‘+ξiηk,then such a manifbld is said to have an almost contact structure(OPi,ξ㌧ η∫)and we call the manifbld an almost contact manifbld. It is well−known that in amanifbld with an almost contact stmcture(OPノ,ξε,η∫), there exists a positive def− inite Riemamiall metric g∫《, whidl is called a Riemannian metric associated with the almost contact structure, suc 1 that Vi=gjigj,9ゴ,ψ∼ψカ」=gkh−TkOPh. We call the set(iPii,ξ‘,η∫,95,)an’almoSt Grayan structure(an almost contact metric structure) and a manifbld with an almost Grayan stnlcture is called an almost Grayan man− ifbld(all almost contact metric manifbld)[6,9]. In a11〃−dimensional differentiable manifold with all almost contact stmcture(ψii,ξ’,ηゴ)the fbHowillg relations hold true: (1・1)   Moreover, if this manifbld has an associated metric a且dψji is defined asψj’g,i, then ill additioll to the above relations the fbllowing are.satis丘ed

(1・・)  {㌫膓:j’。蒜蕊㍊k.

  If, in an oddπ一dimellsional differentiable mallifbld, there exists a 1−fbrmηsuch thatη∧(吻)ヰO everywhere, then such a manifbld is called to have a contact fbrm ηa皿d we call the manifold an almost Sasakian manifold. 1)We assume that the indices h, i,…r,ぷrun over the range 1,2,…, n.     [46]

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i

SOME THEOREMS ON K−CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS

47

  It is well−known that in any almost Sasakian manifbld with a contact structureη ・h・・ee泊…alw・y・a・・㎞・・t G・ay…tm・…e・u・h・h…一・・≡丁(∂・・一∂…) where, in terms of a local coordinate system{xi},ηis expressed asη=. ナidxi and ・1・・n・…£、・・輌alm・・t G・・y・…m・…e・s s・mplycall・d・・alm・・tS・・a・… structure. If…dd唖m・n・i皿al diffe・e・ti・b1・manif・1d・h・・an・1m?St S・・akian st「uctu「e in the above sense, then the fbllowing relations hold true. (1・・)

@ヒ㌶念蕊η∫x

where 7ゴdenotes the covariant diffどrentiation with respect to the Rlemannlan con− n㏄tlon.   In an almost contact man輌f()ld, there are fbur tensorsハ%!, Nk∫, Nji and Nj which correspond to the N茸enhuis tensor in an almost complex manifbld.   In an almost Sasakian manifbld,∧rii == o andハ%=Ohold good,∧rii=O is eqUivalent to the血ct thatη‘2)is a Killing vector丘eld and Nkji=O yields Nヌ=0. An a㎞ost Sasakian manifbld with∧㌃L O orハrkj』O is called a K−contact metric manifbld or aSasakian manifbld respectively. 1・aK−…tact m・t・i・manif・ld, ・i…η‘i・aKilU・g vect・・飼d・w・have   (1.4)      7ゴηξ=9Pii,

  (1.5)        7kqゴ汁R砺‘ηγ一〇.

Using(1.3), we get   (1.6)      1∼ヵ」♂η元η」=0,   (1.7)       R克∫∼ηみη丘=9ガーη」η‘・ Transvecting(1.5)with gki and making use of(1.3), we have   (1.8)      『 R‘,η』(n−1)ηξ.   In a Sasakian manifbld, the fbrmula   (1.9)      7丘ψガ=OPighi一ηigkゴ is fundamental. From(1.5)and(1.9)we get   (1.10)        η.R鳶〆一η克9元一η元9鳶‘・     2.Acontact K−manifold and some types of Sasakian manifold・Y. Tashiro con−   sidered, in his paper[9], an almost Grayan manifold satisfying the fbllowing con−   ditions:     (2.1)       17」77i=ψ方,     (2.2)       7」ηi十17mi=O,     (2.3)       7」ψih十7iψih−9jhηi−g訪η∫十29jioph==O. ’He called it a contaCt K−manifbld. Moreover, he showed that the contact K−man−   ifbld is all almost Sasakian manifbld. 2) In the fbllowing we use a notationηi in stead ofξz.

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48

T.MIYAZAWA AND S. YAMAGUCHI

  On this contact K−manifbld, we can prove the fbllowing esSential theor㎝.   Theore〃12.1. ノI co〃’act K」〃ianifold∫ぷa Sasakian〃ianifold. τ乃θco〃verぷe isα1ぷO tl’ue.   PRooF. A contact K−manifold is an almost Sasakian manifold, consequently we get        クhqi・i+7jOPih+7‘qhj−0. Sinceψ」ξis skew−symmetric, we have丘om t垣s equation       7iψih十7iψjh=−7hqii−2ク‘ψゐゴ・ Substituting this in(2.3), we obtain   (2.4)      2(7kψij十7‘ψ轟∫)=317,iPii−g∫みη5−9ibTi十29iioph.   On the other hand, it fbllows from(2.3)that   (2.5)      クhqiゴ+7iqhi−ghm《+9iゴηみ一29hiOPj.   Combining(2.4)and(2.5), we find        7hqiゴー9み∫ηr9毎η5, which is the condition fbr the manifbld to be Sasakian[6]. The converse is trivia1..        Q.E.D.   We now consider a Riemannian manifbld V”(n>3)satisfying   (2.6)      ク;C為∫∼=0, where C鳶ゴ‘カis the so℃alled Weyl’s confbrmal curvature tensor:

(…) C・・』R・…一≠・R・・一・・跡R・・δ・・−R・1δ’り

      +(_f, 、)ig・・…一・・δ・り・ The manifold de丘ned by(2.6)has been called a conformally symrnetric manifold [1,3コ.   The fbllow血g theorem has beell proved[4]:   TheOre〃I A. A CO”brmα1砂砲’Sasakian〃2α〃蓼∂ld iぷneceぷsarめ・of conぷtant・curツー ∠2’ure (η>3).  .By virtue of this theor㎝, we can prove the fb皿owing   Theore〃12.2. /霊confor栩aUン sy〃1〃letric Saぷakian〃lanifo∼d匡ぷ necessariリノげcoπ一 ぷtant c〃rツature(π>3).   PRooF. From(2.6), we have   (2.8)      7砺7;(rkjih−7;7堺α5∼=0. Applying to(2.8)the Ricci identity, we get       α〆R頑み一C鳶∫.hR.lir−Ck,ihRmi」’τ(),jihRth;k’=0. Transvecting this equation withηみη傷alld using(1.1)and(1.10), we have   (2.9)       C■」《1一η8ηアα」67十η言η夕Ctji「十.91mrη,(rrk‘s       +η」η,(Jil,一9;痴η7η、C∫輌s+η烏η.G〆=0. Contracting(2.9)with gl∫, we have       ガη,C,鳶‘sO. Substituting this equation into(2.9), we find

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SOME THEOREMS ON K−CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS

49   (2.10)      Ckii一η;ηγC為ガ「十ηξη,C.∫「十η」ηアC烏〆十ηAη,G5‘γ=0.   ’On the other hand, transvecting(2.7)withηみand making use of(1.8)and(1.10),

we have

       ・rC・i・’一“1,一{(“奎1−1)(・・…一・・…)一(・…一・・…)}・ Substitutillg the above equation illto(2.10), we get (・・11)Ch・・汁“三、{(。≧r1)(・一・・t・)一(・・Rl・一…’・)}炉・・ Contracting(2.11)with g‘鳶, we have        (。奎r1)igザ・%)−Rl・+(・−1)・1η・一・・

廿om which

       『。奎r1)・1・+( Rn− n−1)物・ Substituting this equation into(2.11), we can obtain         C…汁“圭,{(R −1n−1)(…η・一翻一(。奎1−1)・h…        +(R −nn−1)綱+(。奎1−1)・・9…(。奎1−・)棚・}・・一・・ that is,        α∫‘声0. Thus, by virtue of the Theorem A, the manifbld is of constant curvature.        Q.E.D..   C・r・〃ψ[4コ.lf a Saぷakian〃ianif・ld is symmetric,〃le〃th四a4if・ld is ・f c・n− s伽’curvature(π>3).   Next, we shall consider a Riemannian manifbld Vn(n>3)satisf>ing   (2.12)       クICkゴ∼EκξGj∼ fbr a llon−zero v㏄torκ」. The manifbld defined by(2.12)has been called a coh− fbrmany recurrent manifbld[2]. In[刀, the following lemma has been proved.   Lθ〃lma B. lf a coψア%1かrecurren’〃2απ蓼b14 w乃ρoぷ肋θdej励友θ〃letric is not ¢onformally flat,’乃θ〃he recurrence vector iぷgradie刀t.   We sha11 prove the   Theore〃12.3.  ぴa Saぷakian manifold iぷ a confor〃ialリノ recurren’ one, then ’乃ε rnanifold is of conぷ’碗CUrvature(n>3).   PRooF. If we assume that the manifbld is llot confbrmally且at, thell from the ’Lernma B the recurrence vector rci i’s gradient. Consequently, the equation(2.8) ,holds good. By the same method as we used in the proof of the Theorem 2.2, we have C為ガFα This is incollsistent with our assumption. Therefbre, the ma11− jfbld must be confbrmally flat. By virtue of the Theorem A, the manifbld is of constant cu「vatu「e’       Q.E.D.

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b 50

T.MIYAZAWA AND S. YAMAGUCHI

  3. Acertain .transformation in a Sasakia皿manifold. In a Sasakian manifbld. we shall consider a transfbrmationμwhich transfbrms a Sasakian structure(ψ了,ηε. ηゴ,gjξ)into another Sasakian structure(ψプ, η’, η」, 9ガ). The notation‘‘bar”will. be used to dellote the geometric objects which is transfbrmed by the transfbrma− tlonμ.   Let us prove the fbllowing   Theore〃T 3.1.3) In a Sasakian〃lanifo∼d, the transfor〃lationμwhich leaツes匡〃variant・ a eUrvature tensor andぷατ励θぷ励ヰO is an iso〃letory.   PRooF. By our assumption, we have        Rhゴ∼−Rkiih. Contrac血g the above equation with茸ηみand maki皿g use of(1.10), we can obtain.       ηみ(糎ゴー万‘δ∫り一万轟(OPk9’ii−.OPighi),

from which

(3・1)     η、糎∫、一励∫一物、9元rηグ糎砺.

Interchanging i and/and subtracting the equation thus obtained from(3.1), we get.   (3・2)      万‘ηゴー27i万i=η∫万力9〃《一η‘万短ゐゴ. Transvecting(3.2)withηゴand using(1.1), we have (3・3)      万、一ラゴηゴη一η∫励汁る∫95、.   On the other hand, contracting Rii=Rゴ‘withηiがand tak輌ng account of(1.8), we一 丘nd   ,       η’η‘一η‘η‘・   Substitutillg the above equatioll into(3.3), we get   (3・4)      万i=9iiiゴ. By v丘tue of(3.4), from(3.1)we have        物晦」‘−9∫《)−0, 加mwhichξ∫F 9か Thus the transformationμis. all isometory    Q.E.D.   4.Infinitesimal transfor皿ations in」K」contact metric manifolds. In this section we sha皿co皿sider some infinitesimal transformations.   In the first place, in a K−contact metric manifold we shall consider an infinitesimal

transfbrmationがsatisfying

  (4.1)       £9ii=2(]9ii,  C=const.,        カ whereξdenotes the operation of the Lie derivative with respect toが. Such a transfbrmation is called an in丘nitesimal homothetic one. Making use of(4.1), we get   (4.2)       £Rji=0.        v   Taking the Lie derivatives of both. sides of(1.8)and making use of(4.2), we・ can obtain 3)This result is obtained in an in丘nitesilnal case by M. Okumura[5].

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SOME THEOREMS ON壬CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLI)S

..51        R」i£η‘=(n−1)£η∫.       り       び   Contracting the above equation withη∫and using(1.8), we have

    (4・3)      η‘ξ炉η考η‘・    .r

    On the other hand, from物,=1 we get ’   (4.4)       ηi£η‘十η《£η《=0.       カ        カ   By virtue of(4.3)and(4.4), we find     (4.5)      opifηi=η‘£η‘=0。       抄        v   Sinceη《η∫9‘」=1, we can get       η3ηフ£9∫‘+2η吻⊆0.       ガ      カ   ‘Taking account of(4.1)and(4.5), we have C=0. Thus we have     Theore〃24・1・ ・ln a K−con’act〃letric〃ianifold, an infi〃iteぷ」〃ial ho〃iothe,’c tra〃ぷ_ ノ∂r〃・ation iぷne㈱sarめ・α〃匡ぷ0〃昭tory.     In an almost Sasakian manif()ld, if an in丘nitesimal transfbrmationがsatis丘es     (4・6)       £ηi=ση‘,        カ   Ibr a scalar血1nctio皿σ, then we call it an in丘nitesimal contact transfbrmation.   .Moreover, ifσ=0, it is called an infinitesimal strict co且tact transfbrmation.     We shall prove the fbllowing     Theore〃24∴2・ In a・K−co〃tact〃eぴic〃2α屍ノ∂↓d, the infiniteぷimal COn’aet’ra〃sfo〃ηα一 ・τ」・n whi・h 1・a・… R∫・・i t・〃…in・a・iant・i・a4・i・fi・it・吻・1・τ・Z・t・e・nta・”醐吻〃。−   tion.   PRooF. Taking the Lie derivatives of both sides of(1.8)and using tRii =一 O and        , 【4.6),we call obtain   (4.7)       Rii£η’=(〃−1)ση」,        ガ <)ontracting the above equation withη∫and taking account of(1.1)and(1.8), we 五皿d   (4・8)       ηi£opi=σ.   On the other hand, by virtue of(4.6),加mη‘η⊆1 we can get   (4・9)      η」£η∫十σ=0,        り Hence, from(4.8)and(4.9)we findσ一〇.      Q.E.D.   In the last place, we shall conSider the in丘11itesimal contact transformation which leaves a curvature tensor invariant. Taking the Lie derivatives of both sides of 〈1.7),we can s㏄        σηみ」R鳶5∼η為十R鳶∫∼ηみ£η元=£9元一2ση」η5.        カ      カ Si11㏄ξRj, :O, making use of the Theorem 4.2, we have   (4.10)       R鳶ゴihoph£η元=£g.∫‘.        ガ      カ

On the°the「h・・d・加m(4・7)w・騨R・考ηLO・If th・ki㏄i t・n…R。 i・・f

エank〃・we hav呼=0・S・b・・i…i・g・hi・i…(4・1の・w・fi・dタ・FO・Th・・w・

have

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T.MIYAZAWA AND S. YAMAGUCHI

  Theore〃14. 3. In’舵K−contact meぴ∫C〃2anifo〃W加ぷe 1∼匡CC匡’enぷor R∫《輌ぷρゾranた n,the‘晒∼titeぷ加ial CO〃’act transfor〃lation}vhich∼eaves a curvature.’θηぷor l”variant ■        tぷ απ ;ぷ0〃letory.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

]]

−▲2

[[

[3] [4] [5]

]]

107. [﹁レ一 [8] [9]. T.Adati and. T. Miyazawa: T.Adati and T. Miyazawa:  vature, to appear・ M.C. Chaki and B. Gupta:  (1963),113−122.

M.Okumura:

O血co㎡formally’ symmetric spa㏄s, to apPear・ On a.Riemannian spa㏄wi†h recu任ent confφrmal cur一 On conformally symmetric spaces, indian J. Match.,5        Some remarks on space with a certain contact structure, T6hoku  Math.」.,14(1962),135−145. M.Okumura:Certain輌tesi皿al transformation of norma1◎ontact metric manifold.  K6dai Math. Sem. Rep’.,18(1966),116−119.      ・       ’ S.Sasaki:L㏄ture note on almost cOntact manifblds, T6hoku Univ.,(1965). T.Sakai:、 Some transformations.on K−◎ontact and normal contact Riemanlllan mam−  fblds, T◆hokU Math. J.,18.(1966),216−224. S.Tanno:Some transformations on manifolds with almost conitact and contact metrie   structure,1,11, T6hoku Math. J.,15(1963),140−147,322−331. Y.Tashiro:On contact struCture of hypersurfaces in◎omplex manifold,1, ll, TOhoku  Math.」.,15(1963),62−78,167−175.

SC]ENCE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO

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