SOME T且EOREMS ON K−CO]QTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS
AND SAS.AKIAN MANIFOLDS
途 B.YTETuRo MIYAZAWA AND SEIIcHI YAMAGUCHI
III this paper, we give some results ill K−contact met亘c manifblds and Sasakian manifblds. We shall devote§1 to preliminades. In§2, we shall consider some types of Sasakia皿manifblds. In§3 and§4, we shall discuss solne transfbrmations・ The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Pro£T. Adati fbr his con− stant guidances and criticisms. 1.Preliminaries. In an odd n(=・ 2m十1)−dimensiollal real differentiable manifold Mn with local coordinates{xε}1), if there exist a mixed tensor field q♂, a contra− variant v㏄tor丘eldξi and a covariant vector fieldηi satisfying ?ηi=・1, ψ」▽ゾ=一 δ鳶‘+ξiηk,then such a manifbld is said to have an almost contact structure(OPi,ξ㌧ η∫)and we call the manifbld an almost contact manifbld. It is well−known that in amanifbld with an almost contact stmcture(OPノ,ξε,η∫), there exists a positive def− inite Riemamiall metric g∫《, whidl is called a Riemannian metric associated with the almost contact structure, suc 1 that Vi=gjigj,9ゴ,ψ∼ψカ」=gkh−TkOPh. We call the set(iPii,ξ‘,η∫,95,)an’almoSt Grayan structure(an almost contact metric structure) and a manifbld with an almost Grayan stnlcture is called an almost Grayan man− ifbld(all almost contact metric manifbld)[6,9]. In a11〃−dimensional differentiable manifold with all almost contact stmcture(ψii,ξ’,ηゴ)the fbHowillg relations hold true: (1・1) Moreover, if this manifbld has an associated metric a且dψji is defined asψj’g,i, then ill additioll to the above relations the fbllowing are.satis丘ed(1・・) {㌫膓:j’。蒜蕊㍊k.
If, in an oddπ一dimellsional differentiable mallifbld, there exists a 1−fbrmηsuch thatη∧(吻)ヰO everywhere, then such a manifbld is called to have a contact fbrm ηa皿d we call the manifold an almost Sasakian manifold. 1)We assume that the indices h, i,…r,ぷrun over the range 1,2,…, n. [46]i
SOME THEOREMS ON K−CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS
47
It is well−known that in any almost Sasakian manifbld with a contact structureη ・h・・ee泊…alw・y・a・・㎞・・t G・ay…tm・…e・u・h・h…一・・≡丁(∂・・一∂…) where, in terms of a local coordinate system{xi},ηis expressed asη=. ナidxi and ・1・・n・…£、・・輌alm・・t G・・y・…m・…e・s s・mplycall・d・・alm・・tS・・a・… structure. If…dd唖m・n・i皿al diffe・e・ti・b1・manif・1d・h・・an・1m?St S・・akian st「uctu「e in the above sense, then the fbllowing relations hold true. (1・・)@ヒ㌶念蕊η∫x
where 7ゴdenotes the covariant diffどrentiation with respect to the Rlemannlan con− n㏄tlon. In an almost contact man輌f()ld, there are fbur tensorsハ%!, Nk∫, Nji and Nj which correspond to the N茸enhuis tensor in an almost complex manifbld. In an almost Sasakian manifbld,∧rii == o andハ%=Ohold good,∧rii=O is eqUivalent to the血ct thatη‘2)is a Killing vector丘eld and Nkji=O yields Nヌ=0. An a㎞ost Sasakian manifbld with∧㌃L O orハrkj』O is called a K−contact metric manifbld or aSasakian manifbld respectively. 1・aK−…tact m・t・i・manif・ld, ・i…η‘i・aKilU・g vect・・飼d・w・have (1.4) 7ゴηξ=9Pii,(1.5) 7kqゴ汁R砺‘ηγ一〇.
Using(1.3), we get (1.6) 1∼ヵ」♂η元η」=0, (1.7) R克∫∼ηみη丘=9ガーη」η‘・ Transvecting(1.5)with gki and making use of(1.3), we have (1.8) 『 R‘,η』(n−1)ηξ. In a Sasakian manifbld, the fbrmula (1.9) 7丘ψガ=OPighi一ηigkゴ is fundamental. From(1.5)and(1.9)we get (1.10) η.R鳶〆一η克9元一η元9鳶‘・ 2.Acontact K−manifold and some types of Sasakian manifold・Y. Tashiro con− sidered, in his paper[9], an almost Grayan manifold satisfying the fbllowing con− ditions: (2.1) 17」77i=ψ方, (2.2) 7」ηi十17mi=O, (2.3) 7」ψih十7iψih−9jhηi−g訪η∫十29jioph==O. ’He called it a contaCt K−manifbld. Moreover, he showed that the contact K−man− ifbld is all almost Sasakian manifbld. 2) In the fbllowing we use a notationηi in stead ofξz.48
T.MIYAZAWA AND S. YAMAGUCHI
On this contact K−manifbld, we can prove the fbllowing esSential theor㎝. Theore〃12.1. ノI co〃’act K」〃ianifold∫ぷa Sasakian〃ianifold. τ乃θco〃verぷe isα1ぷO tl’ue. PRooF. A contact K−manifold is an almost Sasakian manifold, consequently we get クhqi・i+7jOPih+7‘qhj−0. Sinceψ」ξis skew−symmetric, we have丘om t垣s equation 7iψih十7iψjh=−7hqii−2ク‘ψゐゴ・ Substituting this in(2.3), we obtain (2.4) 2(7kψij十7‘ψ轟∫)=317,iPii−g∫みη5−9ibTi十29iioph. On the other hand, it fbllows from(2.3)that (2.5) クhqiゴ+7iqhi−ghm《+9iゴηみ一29hiOPj. Combining(2.4)and(2.5), we find 7hqiゴー9み∫ηr9毎η5, which is the condition fbr the manifbld to be Sasakian[6]. The converse is trivia1.. Q.E.D. We now consider a Riemannian manifbld V”(n>3)satisfying (2.6) ク;C為∫∼=0, where C鳶ゴ‘カis the so℃alled Weyl’s confbrmal curvature tensor:(…) C・・』R・…一≠・R・・一・・跡R・・δ・・−R・1δ’り
+(_f, 、)ig・・…一・・δ・り・ The manifold de丘ned by(2.6)has been called a conformally symrnetric manifold [1,3コ. The fbllow血g theorem has beell proved[4]: TheOre〃I A. A CO”brmα1砂砲’Sasakian〃2α〃蓼∂ld iぷneceぷsarめ・of conぷtant・curツー ∠2’ure (η>3). .By virtue of this theor㎝, we can prove the fb皿owing Theore〃12.2. /霊confor栩aUン sy〃1〃letric Saぷakian〃lanifo∼d匡ぷ necessariリノげcoπ一 ぷtant c〃rツature(π>3). PRooF. From(2.6), we have (2.8) 7砺7;(rkjih−7;7堺α5∼=0. Applying to(2.8)the Ricci identity, we get α〆R頑み一C鳶∫.hR.lir−Ck,ihRmi」’τ(),jihRth;k’=0. Transvecting this equation withηみη傷alld using(1.1)and(1.10), we have (2.9) C■」《1一η8ηアα」67十η言η夕Ctji「十.91mrη,(rrk‘s +η」η,(Jil,一9;痴η7η、C∫輌s+η烏η.G〆=0. Contracting(2.9)with gl∫, we have ガη,C,鳶‘sO. Substituting this equation into(2.9), we find㎡
SOME THEOREMS ON K−CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS
49 (2.10) Ckii一η;ηγC為ガ「十ηξη,C.∫「十η」ηアC烏〆十ηAη,G5‘γ=0. ’On the other hand, transvecting(2.7)withηみand making use of(1.8)and(1.10),we have
・rC・i・’一“1,一{(“奎1−1)(・・…一・・…)一(・…一・・…)}・ Substitutillg the above equation illto(2.10), we get (・・11)Ch・・汁“三、{(。≧r1)(・一・・t・)一(・・Rl・一…’・)}炉・・ Contracting(2.11)with g‘鳶, we have (。奎r1)igザ・%)−Rl・+(・−1)・1η・一・・廿om which
『。奎r1)・1・+( Rn− n−1)物・ Substituting this equation into(2.11), we can obtain C…汁“圭,{(R −1n−1)(…η・一翻一(。奎1−1)・h… +(R −nn−1)綱+(。奎1−1)・・9…(。奎1−・)棚・}・・一・・ that is, α∫‘声0. Thus, by virtue of the Theorem A, the manifbld is of constant curvature. Q.E.D.. C・r・〃ψ[4コ.lf a Saぷakian〃ianif・ld is symmetric,〃le〃th四a4if・ld is ・f c・n− s伽’curvature(π>3). Next, we shall consider a Riemannian manifbld Vn(n>3)satisf>ing (2.12) クICkゴ∼EκξGj∼ fbr a llon−zero v㏄torκ」. The manifbld defined by(2.12)has been called a coh− fbrmany recurrent manifbld[2]. In[刀, the following lemma has been proved. Lθ〃lma B. lf a coψア%1かrecurren’〃2απ蓼b14 w乃ρoぷ肋θdej励友θ〃letric is not ¢onformally flat,’乃θ〃he recurrence vector iぷgradie刀t. We sha11 prove the Theore〃12.3. ぴa Saぷakian manifold iぷ a confor〃ialリノ recurren’ one, then ’乃ε rnanifold is of conぷ’碗CUrvature(n>3). PRooF. If we assume that the manifbld is llot confbrmally且at, thell from the ’Lernma B the recurrence vector rci i’s gradient. Consequently, the equation(2.8) ,holds good. By the same method as we used in the proof of the Theorem 2.2, we have C為ガFα This is incollsistent with our assumption. Therefbre, the ma11− jfbld must be confbrmally flat. By virtue of the Theorem A, the manifbld is of constant cu「vatu「e’ Q.E.D.b 50