富士火山東斜面で2900年前に発生した山体崩壊
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(3) ,**- +* , ,**. 2 ,- . A Large-scale Collapse Event at the Eastern Slope of Fuji Volcano about ,3** Years Ago Naomichi MIYAJI῍, Shigeko TOGASHI῍ and Tatsuro CHIBA῍ A large-scale collapse occurred at the eastern slope of Fuji volcano about ,3** years ago, based on calibrated C age of a wood sample collected in the resulting debris avalanche deposit. The collapsed slide deposit, called “Gotemba debris avalanche deposit” (Goda), is distributed on the eastern foot of the volcano covering an area of more than /- km,. The source amphitheater is not preserved because it became covered by younger tephra erupted from the summit crater. This avalanche deposit is overlain by the “Gotemba mudflow deposits” (Gomf) emplaced repeatedly after the avalanche. Some flow units of the Goda and Gomf entered pre-existing rivers and were finally emplaced as fluvial deposits. The Goda is composed of debris-avalanche blocks, showing jigsaw cracks, along with smaller blocks ranging from several tens of centimeters up to + m in diameter. The debris-avalanche matrix is a mixture of smaller pieces of blocks and ash-sized materials due to mainly shearing and fragmentation of large blocks. Igneous rocks include fresh and altered gray basaltic lava, weathered tephra including red scoria and white clay. Petrographical and geochemical data indicate that most blocks were derived from the Older Fuji volcano. The volumes of the Goda and Gomf are about +.*/ km- and *.1+ km-, respectively, based on presently available geological and borehole data. Since the blocks of Goda are composed mostly of the products of the Older Fuji volcano and the older stage lavas of Younger Fuji volcano do not extend to the eastern foot of Fuji volcano, a bulge of Older Fuji volcano must have existed in the eastern flank of Fuji volcano preventing the older stage lavas to flow to the east. This bulge collapsed in the form of three blocks from the foot of the mountain. The abundance of hydrothermally altered deposits in the Goda and the absence of fresh volcanic products within the Goda suggest its origin as a rupture inside the altered deposits possibly triggered by a large earthquake or phreatic eruption. Key words : altered deposits, debris avalanche, Fuji volcano, geochemical data, mudflow +.. +ῌ ῐ ῎ ῑ ῏. " '()!`>()89:a`bc]def-.IJ. !" #$%&! '()*+,. 89:`g6>K-V !;<=>$%&. -./!0123.4567389:#;<=> . ] '()!`>()89:*FGH45J89:. +32+ ; ?@ A +32.B C89:"DE FGHI. Goda KLbIJ89:Khi-. Fig. +B. J89: Gomf : ?@ +30. KLM3 '()!N. Goda !jkV";< eflm efno6p!j. E=>89:OP>QRS#TU23VW. ?@. kVkqjr]stu#P>v]] wx +320 ; ?@. +311B +32. " XYZ[\]^_ Gomf. ,*** ()yz{|}"~rO"6kB ,3" . +/0ῌ2//* &@ h -ῌ,/ῌ.* CYY College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, -ῌ,/ῌ.* Sakurajousui, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo +/0ῌ2//*, Japan. -*/ῌ2/01 jqM +ῌ+ῌ+ 1 stX[\ Geological Survey of Japan, AIST, Central 1, +ῌ+ῌ+. Higashi, Tsukuba -*/ῌ2/01, Japan. ,+/ῌ***. fh ¡¢ +ῌ,ῌ, £¤£¥¦ Asia Air Survey Co., LTD., +ῌ,ῌ,, Manpukuji, Asou-ku, Kawasaki ,+/ῌ***., Japan. Corresponding author : Naomichi Miyaji e-mail : miyaji@chs.nihon-u.ac.jp.
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(32) _`aº ,3** "j#02a»$¼. 241. Fig. -. Map showing the extent of flow units of Goda, based on landform analysis of aerial photographs. Gomf covering Goda are stripped in this map.. [&\[ C./ b'cdY e' f gh# %& iJK[&\ +*+ῌ jk# JK2 lmn&\[. B- Qop3qQ rCD qs 3 2 #) rCD qs tE u vwQx2 CD q d y e ,ῌ Qz{)/ Q|2}~ . 3 Table + 2 ) 3 x rCD qs 3n Fig. .. Outcrop of a hummock of Goda at Loc.-, Kamikobayashi, Gotemba City. Symbols, a, c, d and e show the di#erent types of debrisavalanche blocks.. YA > =>' f$ Table + _`agh# JK +*ppm _`a87n +** ppm Q{z3 3 # T % #. +
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(62) Fig. / 3&. Fig. 0. Percentages of debris-avalanche blocks for each type at the studied eight outcrops. Gomf covering Goda are stripped in this map. Types of debris-avalanche blocks ; type-a : fresh and porous lavas (olivine basalt, two-pyroxene basalt), type-b : fresh and dense lavas (olivine basalt), type-c : weakly altered tephra (olivine basalt), type-d : weakly altered lavas (clinopyroxene bearing olivine basalt, olivine basalt), type-e : heavily altered tephra and lavas (clinopyroxene olivine basalt, olivine basalt).
(63) µ=¶·¸&¹(º¸»)¼*. 244. Fig. 1. Zr vs. Y of lavas from debris-avalanche blocks. Data of volcanic rocks from Older and Younger Fuji volcano are after Togashi et al. (+331). Symbols show the types of debrisavalanche blocks..
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(67) % & '( ) *!+,-. Fig. 2. TiO, and K, O vs. SiO, of debris-avalanche blocks in the Goda. Outlined areas of volcanic rocks from Older and Younger Fuji volcano are after Togashi et al. (+331). Symbols show the types of debris-avalanche blocks.. .
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