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(1)

ല↪᳓Ḱߣࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ ㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߣ੤ㅢ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ

Yanhong YIN1࡮Ḵ਄ ┨ᔒ2

1

ቇ↢ળຬ ᾢᧄᄢቇඳ჻ᓟᦼ⺖⒟ ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧔ޥ

860-8555

ᾢᧄᏒ㤥㜬

2-39-1

E-mail: [email protected]

2

ᱜળຬ ᾢᧄᄢቇᢎ᝼ ᄢቇ㒮⥄ὼ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⑼㧔ޥ

860-8555

ᾢᧄᏒ㤥㜬

2-39-1

E-mail: [email protected]

ᜬ⛯น⢻ᕈߩ᭎ᔨߪ੹ᓟߩㇺᏒ㐿⊒ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ⷐߥࡄ࡜࠳ࠗࡓߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘࠇࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆ৻ߟߩ᦭ലߥᣇ ᴺߣߒߡࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖ᡽╷߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦട߃ߡ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌߽฽

߼ߚ୘ੱߩല↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߒ㧘ᓐߩ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣ޿߁᧦ઙߩਅߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊ ൻߒߚ႐ว㧘ᦨㆡߥ⽷ߩᶖ⾌ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ታ❣ᶖ⾌ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߣߤࠇ߶ߤ⇣ߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡㇺᏒߩࠦࡦ ࡄࠢ࠻ᕈࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ㧚ߎߩࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߩ

2

ᤨὐ㧘߅ࠃ߮㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߽ㆡ↪ߒ㧘 ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ਄ߢߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂೥ᷫߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ ߆ࠍታ⸽⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆ㧚

Key Words : sustainable urban development, compact city, energy consumption

1. ߪߓ߼ߦ

⥄േゞਛᔃ␠ળߩㅴዷߪᚒޘߩ↢ᵴߦᄙߊߩᕲᕺࠍ߽

ߚࠄߒߚඨ㕙㧘ㇺᏒߩࠬࡊࡠ࡯࡞ൻ߿౏౒੤ㅢߩ⴮ㅌߦ ࠃࠆ੤ㅢᒙ⠪ߩ⒖േน⢻ᕈߩૐਅ㧘ਛᔃᏒⴝ࿾ߩⓨᵢൻ ߥߤߩ໧㗴߇㗼⪺ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᓥ᧪ߩㇺᏒ᡽╷ߪᄢ߈ ߥォ឵ᦼࠍㄫ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ൻ⍹Άᢱߩᨗᷢ߿࿾⃿᷷

ᥦൻߥߤߩ໧㗴ࠍฃߌ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫߩᔅⷐ ᕈ߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ㄭᐕߢߪ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔ ࠆᚻᲑߩ߭ߣߟߣߒߡ㧘ᜬ⛯น⢻ߥㇺᏒᒻᘒߩ৻ߟߣߒ ߡߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ࠪ࠹ࠖ߇ᵈ⋡ߐࠇ㧘㑐ㅪߔࠆᄙߊߩ⎇ⓥ

߇ߥߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚଀߃߫㧘න૏࠻࡝࠶ࡊ޽ߚࠅߩࠛࡀ࡞

ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿ⅣႺ⽶⩄㊂ߣ޿ߞߚࡑࠢࡠᜰᮡߩㇺᏒ㑆Ყ セ߿ㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߣߩ㑐ଥᕈࠍಽᨆߒߚ

Newman & Kenwor- thy1)

ߩ⎇ⓥߪ⪺ฬߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ㇺᏒᯏ⢻ߩ㓸Ⓧ࿤ၞ

ߣ㓸Ⓧኒᐲߩⷞὐ߆ࠄㇺᏒ᭴ㅧߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⹏ଔࠍ ⴕߞߚ૒଻

2)

ࠄߩ⎇ⓥ߿㧘㘃ૃߩⷞὐ߆ࠄߩ⼱ญࠄ

3)

㧘᫪

ᧄ࡮ዊᳰ

4)

ߥߤߩ⎇ⓥ߇޽ࠆ㧚৻ᣇߢ㧘ᐞߟ߆ߩౖဳ⊛

ߥㇺᏒ࡮੤ㅢࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߦኻߒߡ㧘࿯࿾೑↪㧙੤ㅢ⛔วࡕ

࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪ߒߚ᡽╷ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ⅣႺ

⽶⩄ૐᷫߦነਈߔࠆㇺᏒ߿੤ㅢ᡽╷ࠍᏫ⚊⊛ߦ⷗಴ߘ߁ ߣߒߚዊፉࠄ

5)

߿ਛ੗࡮᫪ᧄ

6)

߿♿દࠄ

7)

ߩ⎇ⓥ߽޽ࠆ㧚 ㇺᏒߩ⊒ዷߪࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ߩᶖ⾌ࠍ઻߁↢↥߿ㇺᏒᵴേ

ߦࠃߞߡᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߎߣ߽੐ታߢ޽ࠅ㧘නߦࠛࡀ࡞

ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߔࠆߩߢߪߥߊ㧘⃻࿷ߩ୘ޘੱߩല↪

᳓Ḱࠍૐਅߐߖߕߦ㧘޿߆ߦㇺᏒో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌

㊂߿ⅣႺ⽶⩄㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߐߖࠆ߆߇໧ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ ߁ߥਛߢ㧘⃻࿷ߩ੤ㅢࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄࠛ

ࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߐߖࠆ੤ㅢࡄ࠲࡯ࡦࠍ᳞߼ࠆࡒ

ࠢࡠ⚻ᷣࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߒ㧘ߘࠇࠍ㆐ᚑߔࠆߚ߼ߩㇺᏒ᭴

ㅧ߿੤ㅢ᡽╷ߦߟ޿ߡᬌ⸛ߒߚㄭᚑࠄ

8)

߿࿯੗ࠄ

9)

ߩ৻ㅪ ߩ⎇ⓥߪ⥝๧ᷓ޿㧚

ߒ߆ߒ㧘ㇺᏒߩ⻉ᵴേߪ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ߘ ߩઁߩ⽷ߩᶖ⾌ߦࠃߞߡᡰ߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ߚߣ߃

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫ᡽╷߇ዉ౉ߐࠇߡ߽㧘ዋߥߊߣ

߽⃻ᴫߩല↪᳓Ḱ߇⛽ᜬߐࠇߥߌࠇ߫㧘ߘߩᣉ╷ߪᡰᜬ ߐࠇߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ߟ߹ࠅ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦട߃ߡ㧘৻

⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌߽฽߼ߚ୘ੱߩല↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߒ㧘ᓐߩ⃻࿷

ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߣ޿߁᧦ઙߩਅߢࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌

㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߒߚ႐ว㧘ߘߩᦨㆡߥᶖ⾌ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦ߇ታ㓙ߩ ᶖ⾌ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߣᲧセߒߡߤࠇ߶ߤ⇣ߥࠆ߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘ߎߩᬌ⸛ࠍ⇣ߥࠆᤨὐ߿⇣ߥࠆㇺᏒ࿤

ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯

ࡆࠬ․ᕈ߇㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߒߚ਄ߢㇺᏒߩࠦࡦ ࡄࠢ࠻ൻ㧘ߎߎߢߪㇺᏒో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ೥ᷫ

ߦ⽸₂ߔࠆ߆ࠍታ⸽⊛ߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߢ޽

ࠈ߁㧚

৻ᣇߢ㧘ⶄᢙߩㇱ㐷ߩ↢↥߿ᶖ⾌ߣ޿ߞߚ⚻ᷣᵴേߦ

土木学会論文集D3 (土木計画学), Vol.67, No.5 (土木計画学研究・論文集第28巻), I_271-I_281, 2011.

(2)

઻߁ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂߿CO

2

ឃ಴㊂ߩᄌൻࠍ৻⥸ဋⴧࡈ

࡟࡯ࡓߦࠃߞߡផ⸘ߔࠆ৻ㅪߩ⎇ⓥ

10)

߽ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩᣇᴺߢߪ↥ᬺㅪ㑐⴫߇ࡌ࡯ࠬ࠺࡯࠲ߣ ߥࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߎࠇ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ⋵න૏㧘޽ࠆ޿ߪో࿖ⷙ

ᮨߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩಽᨆߦߪะ޿ߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥ

ߢኻ⽎ߣߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ࿤න૏ߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩಽ ᨆߦߪㆡߐߥ޿㧚

਄⸥ߩࠃ߁ߥ᭎ᔨߦᴪߞߚㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ

࠺࡞ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ߔߢߦ⪺⠪

11) ࠄߦࠃߞߡߘߩࡊࡠ࠻࠲

ࠗࡊ߇ឭ᩺ߐࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ࠍኻ⽎ߦߒߚ

2

ᤨὐ 㑆Ყセ߇ⴕࠊࠇ㧘ห৻ㇺᏒ࿤ߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᤨὐ㑆ߢࠦࡦࡄ

ࠢ࠻ᕈߩ⒟ᐲ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣߥߤࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘

1)

ฦ⒳౉ജ࠺࡯࠲߿ේන૏ࠍ♖✺ൻߒߡࠨࡉࡕ࠺࡞ߩᧂ

⍮ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍౣផቯߔࠆߎߣ㧘

2)

ห৻࿾ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ

2

ᤨὐ㑆Ყセߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ

࿤ࠃࠅ߽น૑࿾㕙Ⓧ߇⁜޿ߚ߼ߦੱญኒᐲ߇㜞ߊ㧘౏౒

੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩಽᜂ₸߽㜞޿㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߽ᧄࡕ࠺࡞ࠍㆡ↪

ߒߡ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߩ࿾ၞ㑆Ყセࠍⴕ߁ߎߣ㧘

3)

ߐࠄߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄߩ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤

ㅢⅣႺ߇ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈࠍࠃࠅ㜞߼ࠆ߆ࠍታ⸽⊛ߦ

᣿ࠄ߆ߦߔࠆߎߣ ࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ᧄ⺰ߪ

6

┨߆ࠄ᭴ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘2.ߢࠦࡦࡄࠢ

࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭎ⷐߦߟ޿ߡ◲ẖߦㅀߴ㧘ࠨࡉࡕ࠺࡞

ߩฦ⒳ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯᣇᴺߣḰ஻ߔߴ߈࠺࡯࠲߿ේන

૏ߦߟ޿ߡߪ3.ߢ⹦⚦ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ㧚4.ߢߪᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣ 㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤߳ߩㆡ↪ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߔ㧚ߐࠄߦ㧘5.ߢߪ㧘ߎ ߩ⚿ᨐ߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆല↪ല₸ߣㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ߿੤ㅢ․ᕈߣߩ 㑐ଥಽᨆࠃࠅ㧘ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆⷐ࿃

ࠍ᛽಴ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᦨᓟߦ㧘

6.

ߢᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⚿⺰ߣ੹ᓟߩ⺖

㗴ߦߟ޿ߡㅀߴࠆ㧚

2. ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᚻᴺߩ᭎ⷐ

(1) ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߩ᭎ⷐ

ฦ୘ੱߪᚲᓧ೙⚂᧦ઙਅߢല↪᳓Ḱࠍᦨᄢൻߔࠆࠃ߁ ߦ⽷ߩᶖ⾌ⴕേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈࠍ ㅊ᳞ߒߚߣߒߡ߽㧘⃻࿷ߩ୘ੱߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍૐਅߐߖࠆ ߎߣߥߊ㧘޿߆ߦㇺᏒో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍ೥ᷫߐ ߖࠆ߆߇᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁㧚ߘߎߢ㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ㇺᏒో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊൻ ߔࠆ⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆ㧚ࡕ࠺࡞ߩၮ ᧄ᭴ㅧߪ㊄ᧄࠄ

12)

ߩࠕࠗ࠺ࠕࠍෳ⠨ߦߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘 ᓐࠄߩࡐࠗࡦ࠻⚻ᷣߦኻߔࠆࡕ࠺࡞ࠍⓨ㑆ߦዷ㐿ߒߡ޿

ࠆὐߢᣂߒ޿㧚

߹ߕ㧘એਅߩၮᧄ⊛઒ቯࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ㧚

1)

࠱࡯ࡦi ߦዬ૑ߔࠆઍ⴫⊛୘ੱߩᶖ⾌ߪ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆ

ࠬ㧔ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ㧕ߣߘࠇએᄖߩ⽷㧔৻⥸⽷㧕ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߘ ߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ߪ

x2i

x1i

ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

2)

ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩᶖ⾌㊂ߪ⥄േゞ㧔

C

㧕ߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 㧔M 㧕ߦࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ

x2Ci

x2Mi

ߢ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ㧚

3)

⃻࿷㧘୘ੱߪฦ⥄ߩല↪

ui(x1i,x2Ci,x2Mi)

߇ᦨᄢߣߥࠆ ࠃ߁ߥ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃ ࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚

4)

ߎߎߢߪ࠱࡯ࡦߦࠃߞߡല↪᳓Ḱ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣࠍ⸵ߔ 㐽㎮ㇺᏒࠍ઒ቯߔࠆ㧚

⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ

ui*(x1*i,x*2Ci,x2*Mi)

ࠍ⛽ᜬߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ㇺ Ꮢో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂

E

ࠍᦨዊൻߔࠆฦ⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ

㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼ ൻߐࠇࠆ㧚

i i

Mi Mi M Ci Ci C i

Mi Ci x i

x x

Pop x

t e x t e x e

x x x E

Mi Ci i

˜

¦

( )

) , , : min

2 2 2 2 2 1 1

2 2 , 1

,2 2 1

㩿

(1)

i x x x u x x x

ui( i, Ci, Mi) i( i, Ci, Mi)

s.t. 1 2 2 * 1* 2* *2

(2)

ߎߎߢ㧘

e1,e2C,e2M

ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ৻⥸⽷㧘߅ࠃ߮⥄േゞ ߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏㧔

kcal/

౞㧘߅ࠃ

߮

kcal/

ಽ㧕㧘

t2Ci,t2Mi

ߪߘࠇߙࠇ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 ߦࠃࠆ࠱࡯ࡦ

i

߆ࠄో࠱࡯ࡦ߳ߩᐔဋᚲⷐᤨ㑆㧘

Popi

ߪ

࠱࡯ࡦ

i

ߩዬ૑ੱญߢ޽ࠆ㧚

(2) ല↪㑐ᢙߩቯ⟵

⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ

ui*(x1*i,x*2Ci,x2*Mi)

ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘ല

↪㑐ᢙࠍቯ⟵ߔࠆ㧚࠱࡯ࡦi ߦ૑߻ઍ⴫⊛୘ੱߩല↪㑐 ᢙߦߪ㧘2ጀߩ

Nested

᭴ㅧߢ⴫ߐࠇࠆጀൻ

CES

ဳߩല↪

㑐ᢙࠍዉ౉ߔࠆ㧔࿑㧙1 ෳᾖ㧕㧚ߎߩ࠲ࠗࡊߪ㧘Ბ㓏ߏ

ߣߦ

2⽷㑆ߩઍᦧᒢജᕈࠍ೎୘ߦ⸳ቯߢ߈ࠆߣ޿߁ᨵエ

ᕈࠍᜬߟ㧚ߎߩ਄૏Ბ㓏ߣਅ૏Ბ㓏ߩ㑐ଥߪߘࠇߙࠇᰴ

ᑼߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚

^

2 2( 1)/

`

/( 1)

/ ) 1 ( 1 1 2 1

1 1 1 1 1

) 1

,

( i i D iV V D Vi V V V

i x x x x

u

(3)

^

2 2( 1)/

`

/( 1)

/ ) 1 ( 2 2 2

2 2

2 2 2 2 2

) 2

,

( Ci Mi D C VCi V D M VMi V V V

i x x x x

x

(4)

2 1,V

V

ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ਄૏Ბ㓏ߣਅ૏Ბ㓏ߩઍᦧߩᒢജ ᕈߢ޽ࠅ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆ

2

⽷㑆ߩઍᦧᕈߩ⒟ᐲࠍ⴫ߔ㧚

D1

ߣ

D2

D2C

ߣ

D2M

ߪ㧘৻⥸⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ㧘⥄േゞ

࠻࡝࠶ࡊߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐࠻࡝࠶ࡊߩಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽

ࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖx2i

৻⥸⽷x1i

⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊx2Ci MT࠻࡝࠶ࡊx2Mi

ല↪ui

C

D2 D2M

V2

V1

D2

D1

࿑㧙1 ጀൻ

CESဳല↪㑐ᢙߩ᭴ㅧ㩷

(3)

ࠅ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇߩᲑ㓏ߢߩ✚ᡰ಴㗵ߦኻߔࠆฦ⽷߳ߩ㈩ಽ ᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠍ⴫ߔ㧚

ߎߩߣ߈㧘ᑼ

(3)

ߣ

(4)

ߩല↪㑐ᢙࠍᚲᓧ೙⚂

i Mi Mi Ci Ci i

ix p x p x I

p1 1 2 2 2 2 d

(5)

ߩਅߢᦨᄢൻߔࠆ⸃

x1*i,x*2Ci,x*2Mi

ࠍ᳞߼ࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘

⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱ

u*i(x1*i,x2*Ci,x*2Mi)

ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆ㧚

p1i

ߪ৻⥸⽷1න૏޽ߚࠅߩଔᩰ㧘

Mi Ci p

p2 , 2

ߪ⥄േ

ゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦࠃࠆ࠱࡯ࡦi߆ࠄߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߩᐔဋ

⾌↪㧔౞/࠻࡝࠶ࡊ࡮ᣣ㧕㧘

Ii

ߪ࠱࡯ࡦi ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ1 ੱ1 ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩᚲᓧ㧔౞/ੱ࡮ᣣ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

(3) ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱߩ▚಴

⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ▚಴ߔࠆߦߪ㧘Ბ㓏⊛ߥ⸃ᴺࠍ↪޿

ࠆ㧚߹ߕ㧘୘ੱߪ੤ㅢߦᡰ಴น⢻ߥ੍▚೙⚂᧦ઙਅߢࡕ ࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߩᦨᄢൻⴕേࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ਅ૏Ბ㓏 ߩⴕേߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼൻߐࠇࠆ㧚

^ `

i Mi Mi Ci Ci

ı ı ı Mi M ı Ci C ,x i

x

I x p x p

x x

x

Mi Ci

2 2 2 2 2

) 1 ) /(

1 ( 2 2 ) 1 ( 2 2 2

s.t.

:

max 2 2 2 2 2 2

2

2 d

D

D (6)

I2i

ߪ

1

1

ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩ✚੤ㅢ⾌↪㧔౞

/

ੱ࡮ᣣ㧕ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߎߩല↪ᦨᄢൻ໧㗴ߩ⸃ߢ޽ࠆ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߦ ࠃࠆ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖ᳓Ḱߩᦨㆡ୯

x*2mi

x*2i

ߦ ߟ޿ߡߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߥ⸃ᨆ⸃߇ዉ߆ࠇࠆ㧚

2 2 2 2 2

1 2 2 1 2 2

2 2

* 2

2 V V V V

V

D D

D

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

©

§

Mi M Ci C

i mi

m

mi p p

I

x p

(m=C, M) (7)

i Mi

M Ci C

i p p I

x2* (D2V2 12V2 D2V2 12V2)1/(V21)˜ 2 (8)

৻ᣇ㧘਄૏Ბ㓏ߢߪ㧘୘ੱߪᚲᓧ೙⚂ਅߢߩല↪ᦨᄢ ൻࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩⴕേߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼൻߐ ࠇࠆ㧚

^ `

i i i i i

i i

x i x

I x p x p

x x

u

i i

d

2 2 1 1

) 1 / /(

) 1 ( 2 2 / ) 1 ( 1 , 1

s.t.

:

max 1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1

V V V V V

V D

D

(9)

৻⥸⽷ߣࡕࡆ࡝࠹ࠖߩ㔛ⷐ㑐ᢙߪ㧘ߎߩᦨㆡൻ໧㗴ߩ⸃

ߣߒߡ㧘ᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߦ⸃ᨆ⊛ߦ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚

1 1 2 1 1

1 2 2 1 1 1

* 2

V V V V V

D D

D

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

©

§

i i

i ki

k

ki p p

I

x p (k=1, 2) (10)

(7)

(8)

(10)

ࠃࠅ㧘࠱࡯ࡦ

i

⊒ߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐

m

ߦࠃࠆᦨ ㆡߥ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߪએਅߣߥࠆ㧚

2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 2

1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2

* 2

2 ( ) V

V V V V V V V V

D D

D D

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

©

§

Mi M Ci C mi

m

mi p p

x p

i Mi

M Ci C

i p p I

p ˜

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

˜

1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1

2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1

1 ( ) V

V V V V V V V

V D D D

D (11)

ߎࠇࠄࠍᑼ

(3)

ߣᑼ

(4)

ߦઍ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⃻࿷ߩ

ല↪᳓Ḱ

ui*(x1*i,x*2Ci,x*2Mi)

߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘

p1i

ߪ

࠾ࡘ࡯ࡔ࡟࡯࡞ߣߒߡ㧘એᓟ

p1i 1

ߣߔࠆ㧚

(4) ㇺᏒࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊߦߔࠆ⸃

໧㗴

(1)

ߣ

(2)

ߩ⸃ߣ਄⸥ࠃࠅ㧘ㇺᏒో૕ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯

ᶖ⾌㊂ࠍᦨዊൻߔࠆฦ⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ㊂ߪਅ⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚

»»

»

¼ º

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

˜

««

¬ ª

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

i C

M Mi M

Ci C M C

C Ci C i

t u e

t e e

t x e

1 1

2 1 2 1

1 1 1 ) 1 (

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

) 1 (

2 2 1 1

2 2 2 1 1

1

V V V V V V

D D D

D

D D D D

D

(12)

»»

»

¼ º

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

˜

««

¬ ª

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

©

§

i C

M Mi M

Ci C M C

C M Mi M

Ci C M C

C Ci C Ci

t u e

t e t e

t e e

t x e

1 1

2 1

1 2 2

2 1

1 2 1 2 1

1 ) 1 (

) 1 ( ) 1 (

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2

) 1 (

) )(

1 ( ) 1 (

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

) 1 (

2 2 1 1

2 2 1 2

1

V V V V

V V V

V V

V V V V

V

D D D

D D

D D D

D

D D D D

(13)

»»

»»

¼ º

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

°¿

°¾

½

°¯

°®

­

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

© §

˜

««

¬ ª

¸¸¹

¨¨ ·

©

§

i M

C Ci C

Mi M C M

M C Ci C

Mi M C M

M Mi M Mi

t u e

t e t e

t e e

t x e

1 1

2 1

1 2 ) 21 (

2 1

1 2 1 2 1

1 ) 1 (

) 1 (

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2 2

) 1 (

) )(

1 ( ) 1 (

2 2 2 2

2 2 2 2

) 1 (

2 2 1 1

2 2 1 2

1

V V V V

V V V V

V V V V V

V

D D D

D D

D D D

D

D D D D

(14)

ߎࠇࠄࠍᑼ

(1)

ߦઍ౉ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘⃻࿷ߩല↪

᳓Ḱࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆ᧦ઙਅߢߩㇺᏒߩ✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂ߩ ᦨዊ୯

E E(x1i,x2Ci,x2Mi)

߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚

3. ࡕ࠺࡞ㆡ↪ߩߚ߼ߩᧂ⍮ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ

(1) ઍᦧߩᒢജᕈV1,V2ߩផቯ

⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߩ⥄Ꮖଔᩰᒢജᕈ

MM

CC 2

2 ,H

H

ߣ੤Ꮕᒢജᕈ

H2CM,H2MC

߆ࠄ㧘ઍᦧߩᒢജᕈ

2 1,V

V

ߩផቯࠍⴕ߁㧚

࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ

x2mi

ߩ⥄Ꮖଔᩰᒢജ ᕈ

H2CCi,H2MMi

ߣ੤Ꮕᒢജᕈ

H2CMi,H2MCi

ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇਅ

⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦ⴫ߐࠇࠆ㧚

(4)

i mi mi i

mi mi mi mi

mi mi mmi

I x p I

x p p p

x x

2 2 1 2

2 2 1 2 2

2 2

2 2 2

1

w w

V V

V V H

(15)

i ni ni i

ni ni ni ni

mi mi mni

I x p I

x p p p

x x

2 2 1 2

2 2 1 2

2 2

2 2 2

1

w w

V V

V H

(16)

ߒߚ߇ߞߡ㧘੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙߩ⥄Ꮖଔᩰᒢജᕈߣ

੤Ꮕᒢജᕈ߇ᓧࠄࠇߐ߃ߔࠇ߫㧘਄⸥ߩਛ߆ࠄㆡಾߦ

2

ߟߩᑼࠍㆬࠎߛㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼ߆ࠄ

V1,V2

ࠍផቯߔࠆߎߣ ߇ߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘

)}

exp(

) {exp(

)

exp( 2 2 2

2Ci pCi p Ci pMi

W [J [J J (17)

ߥࠆ㓸⸘ࡠࠫ࠶࠻ဳ੤ㅢᯏ㑐ಽᜂ₸ࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᓟㅀߔࠆࠃ ߁ߦߒߡ․ቯൻߒ㧘ᓧࠄࠇߚ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ߦ߆߆ࠆࡄ࡜ࡔ

࡯࠲

J

ࠃࠅ㧘

) 1

( 2

2 2

2 2 2

2 mi mi

mi mi

mi mi

mmi p W

p p

W

W ˜ ˜

w

w J

H (m=C, M) (18)

ni ni ni

ni mi mi

mni p W

p p

W W

2 2 2

2 2 2

2 ˜ ˜

w

w J

H (m,n=C, M, mzn) (19)

߆ࠄᚑࠆ

V1,V2

ߦ㑐ߔࠆㅪ┙ᣇ⒟ᑼߩ⸃ߣߒߡផቯߒߚ㧚 ߚߛߒ㧘ᧄ᧪ߥࠄ

H2mni

ߪ࠱࡯ࡦ

i

ߏߣߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆ߇㧘 ߎߎߢߪߘߩ࠱࡯ࡦᐔဋ୯ࠍߣߞߡ৻⚵ߩ

H2C,H2M

᳞߼㧘ߘࠇߦኻᔕߔࠆ

V1,V2

ࠍផቯߒߚ㧚

(2) ಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲

ಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪ㧘ฦᲑ㓏ߦ߅ߌࠆ✚ᡰ಴㗵ߦኻߔࠆ

2

⽷߳ߩಽ㈩ᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠍ⴫ߔࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄ ߩಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߪ㧘ᑼ

(6)

㧘߅ࠃ߮ᑼ

(9)

ߩᦨᄢൻ໧㗴 ߩᦨㆡᕈߩ

1㓏ߩ᧦ઙ߆ࠄ㧘ᧄ᧪㧘

) , (

2 2

2

/ 1 2 2 / 1 2 2

/ 1 2 2

2 m C M

x p x p

x p

Mi Mi Ci Ci

mi mi

mi V V

D V (20)

) 2 , 1 (

1 1

1

/ 1 2 2 / 1 1 1

/ 1

k

x p x p

x p

i i i i

ki ki

ki V V

V

D (21)

ߩࠃ߁ߦ࠱࡯ࡦ

i

ߏߣߦᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ߎߎߢ߽࠱

࡯ࡦᐔဋ୯ࠍߣߞߡ৻⚵ߩ

D1

ߣ

D2

D2C

ߣ

D2M

ࠍ᳞

߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

(3) ࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸㧘߅ࠃ߮Ḱ஻

਄⸥ߩᧂ⍮ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ࠍផቯߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘੐೨ߦਅ

⸥ߩታ❣࠺࡯࠲߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ㧚એਅߦ㧘ᧄ⺰ߢ૶↪ߒߚ

࠺࡯࠲ߩ෼㓸㧘߅ࠃ߮ടᎿᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡ⹦⚦ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆ㧚 ߥ߅㧘ᓟߢ⹦⚦ߦ⺑᣿ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᧄࡕ࠺࡞ߩㆡ↪ኻ⽎

࿾ၞߪᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣ㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

a) ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙx2Ci,x2Mi

৻ੱ৻ᣣᒰߚࠅߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ

x2Ci,x2Mi

㧔࠻࡝࠶ࡊ/ੱ࡮ᣣ㧕ߪ㧘ࡄ࡯࠰ࡦ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧔એᓟ㧘PT

ߣ⸥ߔ㧕⺞ᩏߩ৻ᣣᒰߚࠅߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ⊒

࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ㓸⸘ߒ㧘⊒࠱࡯ࡦߩዬ૑ੱญߢ㒰ߒߚ߽ߩߢ

޽ࠆ㧚੤ㅢ⋡⊛ߣߒߡߪᬺോ㧘ㅢൕ࡮ㅢቇ㧘⾈޿‛ߣߘ ࠇߙࠇ߆ࠄߩᏫቛ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߛߌࠍ૶↪ߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ዬ૑

࠱࡯ࡦࠍࡌ࡯ࠬߣߒߚಽᨆࠍⴕ߁ߚ߼ߦ㧘Ꮻቛ࠻࡝࠶ࡊ ߪ⌕࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ㓸⸘ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

PT

࠺࡯࠲

13), 14)

ߩ⹦⚦ࠍ

⴫㧙1

ߦ␜ߔ㧚ߎߎߢߪ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߩᤨὐ㑆ߩᲧセࠍ ኈᤃߦߔࠆߚ߼㧘

1997

ᐕߩ

PT

ߦวࠊߖߡ

1984

ᐕߩ

161

࠱࡯ࡦࠍ

177

࠱࡯ࡦߦಽഀߒߚ㧚

b) ᐔဋᚲⷐᤨ㑆

Mi Ci t t2 , 2

࠱࡯ࡦ

i

߆ࠄߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ᐔဋᚲⷐᤨ㑆

t2Ci,t2Mi

ߪ㧘 ߘࠇߙࠇ೑↪⠪ဋⴧ㈩ಽ㧘⏕₸⊛㈩ಽᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ▚಴ߒ ߚ

OD

㑆ᚲⷐᤨ㑆

t2Cij,t2Mij

ࠍ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂㧔࠻

࡝࠶ࡊ㧕ߢട㊀ᐔဋߒߡ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ᳞߼ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

c) ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎৻⥸ൻ⾌↪

Mi Ci g

g2 , 2 ߣ⾌↪

Mi Ci p p2 , 2

⥄േゞߩ⾌↪

p2Cij

ߪ㧘೑↪⠪ဋⴧ㈩ಽߦࠃߞߡ▚಴

ߒߚ

OD

㑆ߩ⿛ⴕㅦᐲ㧔

km/h

㧕߆ࠄ

OD

೎ߩ⿛ⴕ⚻⾌ේන

૏㧔౞/km࡮บ㧕ࠍ᳞߼

15)

㧘ߎߩ⿛ⴕ⚻⾌ේන૏ࠍ↪޿

ߡᰴᑼ߆ࠄ▚಴ߒߚ㧚

OD೎⥄േゞ⾌↪

p2Cij

㧔౞/࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧕= ⿛ⴕ⚻⾌ේන

૏㧔౞

/km

࡮บ㧕˜

OD

㑆〒㔌㧔

km

/

ᐔဋਸ਼ゞੱຬ㧔࠻

࡝࠶ࡊ/บ㧕

߹ߚ㧘⥄േゞߩ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪

G2Cij

ߪ㧘ᰴᑼߩࠃ߁ߦᤨ

㑆ଔ୯ߦࠃߞߡᚲⷐᤨ㑆ࠍ⽻ᐊ឵▚ߒߚ୯ࠍ⾌↪ߦട▚

ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚

OD೎⥄േゞ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪

G2Cij

㧔౞/࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧕=OD೎⥄

േゞ⾌↪

p2Cij

㧔౞

/

࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧕㧗ᤨ㑆ଔ୯㧔౞

/

ಽ㧕˜⥄

േゞߩOD 㑆ᚲⷐᤨ㑆㧔ಽ㧕

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩ⾌↪

p2Mij

ߣ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪

G2Mij

ߦߟ޿ߡ ߪ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ⏕₸⊛㈩ಽᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ▚಴ߒߚ⾌↪㧔ಽ㧕 ߣ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪㧔ಽ㧕ߦᤨ㑆ଔ୯㧔౞

/

ಽ㧕ࠍ߆ߌߡ᳞߼

ߚ 㧚 ߐ ࠄ ߦ 㧘 ▚ ಴ ߐ ࠇ ߚ ੤ ㅢ ᯏ 㑐 ೎ ৻ ⥸ ൻ ⾌ ↪

Mij Cij G

G2 , 2

ߣ⾌↪

Mij Cij p

p2 , 2

ࠍ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂

⴫㧙1 ਔㇺᏒ࿤ߩ

PT⺞ᩏߩ᭎ⷐ

ᾢᧄ(1984) ᾢᧄ(1997) 㐳ፒ(1996)

Ꮢ↸᧛ᢙ 21 17 10

࠱࡯ࡦᢙ 161 177 88

ੱญ㧔ੱ㧕 874,049 970,380 726,112

⥄േゞ଻᦭₸㧔บ/ජੱ㧕 351 569 442

✚࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ㧔ਁ㧕 209 227 168

⴫㧙2 ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏

ᾢᧄ(1984) ᾢᧄ(1997) 㐳ፒ(1996)

৻⥸ᶖ⾌⽷e1

㧔kcal/౞㧕 3.044 3.639 3.512

⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊe2C

㧔kcal/ಽ㧕 143.055 137.653 250.642

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐࠻࡝࠶ࡊe2M

㧔kcal/ಽ㧕 11.249 14.498 16.098

(5)

㧔࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧕ߢട㊀ᐔဋߒ㧘⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߦ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎৻

⥸ൻ⾌↪

G2Ci,G2Mi

ߣ⾌↪

Mi Ci p

p2 , 2

ߣߒߚ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ᤨ

㑆 ଔ ୯ 㧔 ౞

/

ಽ ࡮ ੱ 㧕 ߦ ߟ ޿ ߡ ߪ 㧘 ⥄ േ ゞ ߪ

79

.

1984 23

ZC

1996,1997 38.11

ZC

ࠍ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߪ

79

.

1984 24

ZM

Z1996M ,1997 40.00

ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ

16)

d) ᚲᓧ

Ii

ᚲᓧ⛔⸘ߪᏒ↸᧛න૏ߢߒ߆౏㐿ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘࠱࡯

ࡦන૏ߢߪᓧࠄࠇߥ޿㧚৻⥸ߦ㧘࿾ଔ᳓Ḱߩ㜞޿࿯࿾ࠍ ขᓧߢ߈ࠆߩߪᒰ⹥࿾ਥߩᚲᓧ᳓Ḱ߇㜞޿ߚ߼ߣ⠨߃ߡ

⦟޿㧚ߘߎߢ㧘࠱࡯ࡦ

i

ߦዬ૑ߔࠆ1 ੱ1ᣣ޽ߚࠅߩᚲᓧ

Ii

㧔౞

/

ੱ࡮ᣣ㧕ߪ㧘ਔᏒߩนಣಽᚲᓧߩᏒౝว⸘ࠍ࿾

ଔ౏␜߆ࠄᓧࠄࠇࠆ૑ቛ↪ㅜߩ࿯࿾ߩ౏␜࿾ଔߦᲧ଀ߒ ߡ㈩ಽߒߚ㧚

e) ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏

M C e e e1, 2 , 2

৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ⾌ᡰ಴ߪ

1

਎Ꮺᒰߚࠅߩ✚ᶖ⾌ᡰ಴߆ࠄ੤

ㅢ࡮⥄േゞ╬㑐ଥ⾌ࠍ㒰޿ߚ߽ߩߣߔࠆ㧚৻⥸⽷ߩࠛࡀ

࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏

e1

kcal/

౞㧕ߪ㧘ኅᐸㇱ㐷ߩ

1

਎Ꮺᒰ ߚࠅߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂㧔kcal/਎Ꮺ࡮᦬㧕ࠍ৻⥸⽷ߩᶖ

⾌ᡰ಴㧔౞

/

਎Ꮺ࡮᦬㧕ߢ㒰ߒߡ᳞߼ߚ

17)

㧚⥄േゞ࡮౏౒

੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏

M C e

e2 , 2

㧔kcal/ಽ㧕ߪ㧘

ౝޘ੤ㅢࠍ㒰޿ߚ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂㧔࠻࡝࠶ࡊ㧕ߢ ട㊀ᐔဋߒߚㅦᐲ㧔km/ಽ㧕ߦࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏

kcal/km

㧕ࠍ߆ߌߡ᳞߼ߚ

18)

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏ߩផቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫㧙2ߦ␜ߔ㧚⥄

േゞߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏ߪ

1984

ᐕߩᣇ߇

1997

ᐕࠃࠅ

߿߿㜞ߊ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏ߪ1984 ᐕߩᣇ߇ૐ޿㧚߹ߚ㧘㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪ㧘⥄േゞߩࠛࡀ࡞

ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏߇ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߩ⚂2୚ߣߥߞ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇ ࠄߪ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌ේන૏߇

km

න૏ߢߥߊᤨ㑆න૏

ߢ޽ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߚߣ߃หߓ〒㔌ߢ޽ߞߡ߽੤ㅢᷙ㔀 ߇ỗߒߊᚲⷐᤨ㑆߇ᄢ߈޿ᤨὐ߿ㇺᏒߩᣇ߇⋧ኻ⊛ߦᤨ

㑆න૏ߩࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ේන૏ߪ㜞ߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘 ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪ

1997

ᐕߩᣇ߇

1984

ᐕࠃࠅ㧘㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߩ ᣇ߇ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ࠃࠅ⥄േゞࠍ೑↪ߒߠࠄ޿ⅣႺߦ޽ࠆߣ

޿߃ࠆ㧚

(4) ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ⚿ᨐߣߘߩ⠨ኤ a) ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ಽᜂࡕ࠺࡞ߩផቯ

⥄Ꮖଔᩰᒢജᕈ୯

mmi

H2

ߣ੤Ꮕଔᩰᒢജᕈ୯

mni

H2

ࠍ᳞

߼ࠆߚ߼ߦᔅⷐߥ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ಽᜂࡕ࠺࡞ߩᧂ⍮ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯

࠲ࠍ⴫㧙3ߦ␜ߔ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯ߣߪᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤

ߢߪㇺᔃⅣ⁁✢ߩౝ஥㧘㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪ

PT

⺞ᩏߩ࠱࡯

ࡦߩౝ㧘ㇺᔃ࿾඙ߣ⸳ቯߐࠇߚ࠱࡯ࡦߢ޽ࠅ㧘⥄േゞ஥

ߩᄌᢙߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߥ߅㧘ផቯߦߪ⃻ᴫߩ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ಽᜂ

₸ߩታ❣୯߇

W2mi 0

ߢ޽ࠆ࠱࡯ࡦߪ㒰ᄖߒߚ㧚㊀⋧

㑐ଥᢙߪߘࠇ߶ߤ㜞޿ߣߪ޿߃ߥ޿߽ߩߩ㧘ోߡߩ⺑᣿

ᄌᢙߩ╓ภ᧦ઙߪ⺰ℂ⊛ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⛔⸘⊛᦭ᗧᕈ߽㜞޿㧚 ਔᤨὐ㧘ਔㇺᏒ࿤ߩࡕ࠺࡞ߢ㧘৻⥸ൻ⾌↪߇㜞޿߶ߤല

↪ߪૐߊߥࠅ㧘⊒࠱࡯ࡦ߇ㇺᔃ߶ߤ⥄േゞߩല↪ߪૐߊ ߥࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚

b) ઍᦧᒢജᕈ㧘෸߮ᡰ಴ಽ㈩ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ

ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ⚿ᨐࠍ⴫㧙4ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߦ ߅ߌࠆ2ᤨὐ㑆ߣ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣ㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߩᲧセߦߟ

޿ߡ▎᧦ᦠ߈ߢ⠨ኤࠍⴕ߁㧚

1)

ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪਔᐕߣ߽

M

C 2

2 D

D !

ࠃࠅ㧘੤ㅢߦኻߔ ࠆᡰ಴ߦභ߼ࠆ⥄േゞ߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ߩ߶߁߇౏౒੤ㅢᯏ 㑐߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚

2)D21984C D19972C

ࠃࠅ㧘

1984

ᐕࠃࠅ߽

1997

ᐕߩᣇ߇਄⸥

1)

ߩ

௑ะ߇ᒝߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚

3)D21984!D19972

ࠃࠅ㧘੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬߦኻߔࠆᶖ⾌Ყ₸ߪ

1984ᐕߣᲧセߒߡ1997

ᐕߩᣇ߇ዊߐߊߥߞߚ㧚

4)

ਔᐕߣ߽

2

1 V

V

ࠃࠅ㧘ଔᩰᲧߩᄌൻ

1%

ᒰߚࠅߦኻߔ ࠆ2⽷ߩ㔛ⷐᲧ₸ߩᄌൻߪ㧘⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐㑆ߩ ᣇ߇৻⥸⽷ߣ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㑆ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿㧚

5)V19842 !V19972 ,V11984!V11997

ࠃࠅ㧘1984ᐕߩᣇ߇1997ᐕ ࠃࠅߘࠇߙࠇߩଔᩰ߇ᄌൻߒߚ㓙ߩ㔛ⷐᲧ₸ߩᄌൻ߇ᄢ ߈޿㧚

6)1997

ᐕߩᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪ㧘

1997

2 1997

2C D M

D !

ࠃࠅ㧘੤ㅢߦ ኻߔࠆᡰ಴ߦ߅޿ߡ⥄േゞ߳ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ߩ߶߁߇౏౒੤

ㅢᯏ㑐ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘㐳 ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߢߪ

D19962C D19962M

ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣ Ყセߒߡ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߩᡰ಴Ყ₸߇ㅒߦߥߞߡ

޿ࠆߎߣ߇ಽ߆ࠆ㧚

⴫㧙

3

੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎ಽᜂࡕ࠺࡞ߩផቯ⚿ᨐ

ᾢᧄ(1984) ᾢᧄ(1997) 㐳ፒ(1996) ផቯ୯ t୯ ផቯ୯ t୯ ផቯ୯ t୯ ቯᢙ㗄 1.349 9.35 2.176 16.91 0.529 3.32 ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯ -0.876 4.61 -1.113 6.25 -0.800 3.23

৻⥸ൻ⾌↪J -5.0×10-4 7.78 -3.1×10-4 7.60 -5.2×10-4 6.79

㊀⋧㑐R 0.67 0.68 0.65

࠺࡯࠲ᢙ 156 171 87

⴫㧙4 ฦ⒳ࡄ࡜ࡔ࡯࠲ߩផቯ⚿ᨐ

ㇺᏒ࿤ HCCɰ HMMɰ HCM HMC V1 V2 D1 D2ɰ D2C D2M

ᾢᧄ(1984) -0.035 -1.212 0.133 0.289 0.926 1.364 0.971 0.029 0.544 0.456 ᾢᧄ(1997) -0.017 -1.048 0.064 0.256 0.788 1.123 0.998 0.002 0.726 0.274 㐳ፒ(1996) -0.060 -0.896 0.238 0.188 0.699 1.174 0.999 0.001 0.401 0.599

(6)

7)

ਔㇺᏒ࿤ߣ߽

2

1 V

V

ࠃࠅ㧘ଔᩰᲧߩᄌൻߦኻߔࠆ㔛 ⷐᲧ₸ߩᄌൻߪ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐㑆ߩᣇ߇৻⥸⽷ߣ

੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㑆ࠃࠅᄢ߈޿㧚

V2

ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㐳ፒ

V19962 !

ᾢᧄ

V21997

ࠃࠅ㧘㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߩᣇ߇⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ 㑐ߩଔᩰ߇ᄌൻߒߚ㓙ߩ㔛ⷐᲧ₸ߩᄌൻ߇ᄢ߈޿ߩߦኻ ߒ㧘

V1

ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㐳ፒ

V11996

ᾢᧄ

V11997

ࠃࠅ㧘ᾢᧄㇺ Ꮢ࿤ߩᣇ߇৻⥸⽷ߣ੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ㑆ߩଔᩰ߇ᄌൻߒߚ㓙 ߩ㔛ⷐᲧ₸ߩᄌൻ߇ᄢ߈޿㧚

4. ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᚻᴺߩㆡ↪

ឭ᩺ߒߚㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤

ߩ1984ᐕ㧔╙2࿁ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤PT⺞ᩏᤨ㧕ߣ1997ᐕ㧔╙3࿁

ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤

PT

⺞ᩏᤨ㧕ߩ

2

ᤨὐߦㆡ↪ߒ㧘ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ

⾌㊂߿ᓟㅀߔࠆࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ല₸ᕈߥߤߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈࠍ

␜ߔᜰᮡߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻࠍಽᨆߔࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣ㐳 ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߩ⇣ߥࠆ2ㇺᏒߦㆡ↪ߒ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥㇺᏒ᭴ㅧ

߿੤ㅢࠨ࡯ࡆࠬ߇ㇺᏒߩࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆ߆ ࠍಽᨆߔࠆ㧚

(1) ኻ⽎࿾ၞߩታᘒ

ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆDIDߩ㕙Ⓧߣੱญኒᐲߩផ⒖ࠍ࿑

㧙2ߦ␜ߔ㧚DID㕙Ⓧߪᐕޘ᜛ᄢߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘ੱ

ญኒᐲߩᷫዋ߇ㅴⴕߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚࿑㧙3ߦߪ㧘

1984

ᐕ߆ࠄ

1997ᐕߩ2ᤨὐߩੱญߩჇട₸ࠍ␜ߔ㧚㇠ᄖㇱߢᄢ߈ߥ

ੱญჇട߇⷗ࠄࠇ㧘ࠬࡊࡠ࡯࡞ൻߩㅴⴕ߇⏕⹺ߢ߈ࠆ㧚

࿑㧙4ߣ࿑㧙5ߪ㧘ਔᐕߩ⥄േゞߣ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐೑↪

⠪ߩౝߩ⥄േゞ೑↪⠪Ყ₸ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

1984

ᐕߢ߽ᄢඨߩ࠱

࡯ࡦߢ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸ߪ75%ࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߩ㧘ㇺᔃ ㇱߩ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸ߪᲧセ⊛ૐ޿㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘

1997

ᐕߦߪ

㇠ᄖㇱߢߪ95%ࠍ⿥߃㧘ㇺᔃㇱߢ߽ᐞߟ߆ߩ࠱࡯ࡦࠍ㒰

޿ߡ㧘⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸߇

75%

ࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚

ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߣߩㇺᏒ㑆Ყセࠍⴕ߁㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤㧔1996ᐕ

࿑㧙4 ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸㧔

1997

ᐕ㧕

࿑㧙3 ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߩੱญჇട₸ ࿑㧙5 ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸㧔

1984

ᐕ㧕

࿑㧙7 ੱญኒᐲ㧔1996ᐕ㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤㧕

࿑㧙6 ੱญኒᐲ㧔

1997

ᐕᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤㧕 ࿑㧙8 ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸㧔

1996

ᐕ㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤㧕

࿑㧙2 ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤

DID㕙Ⓧߣੱญኒᐲߩផ⒖

㪇 㪉㪇㪇㪇 㪋㪇㪇㪇 㪍㪇㪇㪇 㪏㪇㪇㪇 㪈㪇㪇㪇㪇 㪈㪉㪇㪇㪇

㪇 㪈㪇 㪉㪇 㪊㪇 㪋㪇 㪌㪇 㪍㪇 㪎㪇 㪏㪇 㪐㪇

㪈㪐㪍㪇 㪈㪐㪍㪌 㪈㪐㪎㪇 㪈㪐㪎㪌 㪈㪐㪏㪇 㪈㪐㪏㪌 㪈㪐㪐㪇 㪈㪐㪐㪌 㪉㪇㪇㪇 㪉㪇㪇㪌 㩿ੱ 㪆㫂 㫄

㪀 㩿㫂 㫄

䌄䌉䌄࿾඙㕙Ⓧ㩿㫂㫄㪉㪀 䌄䌉䌄࿾඙ੱญኒᐲ㩿ੱ㪆㫂㫄㪉㪀

DID࿾඙㕙Ⓧ㧔km2

DID࿾඙ੱญኒᐲ㧔ੱ/km2

(7)

╙3࿁㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤PT⺞ᩏᤨ㧕ߩੱญኒᐲࠍ㧘ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤

ߩߘࠇߣวࠊߖߡ࿑㧙6ߣ࿑㧙7ߦ␜ߔ㧚ੱญߩⓨ㑆⊛

㓸Ⓧᐲ߇㜞޿ߩߪᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ࠃࠅ߽㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߢ޽ࠆ㧚 㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߩ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸ࠍ࿑㧙8ߦ␜ߔ㧚ᾢᧄㇺᏒ

࿤ߣᲧセߔࠆߣ㧘㐳ፒㇺᏒ࿤ߪ๟ㄝߩᄢ᧛Ꮢ߿⺾ᣧᏒࠍ 㒰޿ߡ⥄േゞ೑↪Ყ₸ߪ߆ߥࠅૐ޿㧚․ߦਛᔃㇱߢ㗼⪺

ߢ޽ࠆ㧚

(2) ಽᨆߩࡈࡠ࡯

ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔᜰᮡߩಽᨆߪ࿑䋭9 ߩࡈࡠ࡯ߦᓥߞ

ߡⴕ߁㧚એਅ㧘ฦࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ᭎⺑ߔࠆ㧚

Step-1

㧦ᑼ

(10)

(11)

ࠃࠅ࠱࡯ࡦ೎ߩ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊ

ᢙ㧘߅ࠃ߮ᑼ(3)㧘(4)ࠃࠅ⃻࿷ߩല↪᳓Ḱࠍ▚಴ߔࠆ㧚

Step-2

㧦ᑼ

(1)

ߣ

(2)

ߦࠃࠆࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ↪޿

ߡ㧘ᦨㆡᤨߩ⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙ

x2Ci

x2Mi

ߣ৻⥸⽷ߩ㔛ⷐ

x1i

ࠍ▚಴ߔࠆ㧚

Step-3

㧦ᓟㅀߔࠆ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃߞߡ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯ

⏕₸ࠍ▚಴ߒ㧘੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ᳞߼ࠆ㧚

Step-4

㧦੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

OD

੤ㅢ㊂ࠍ㧘⥄േゞߪ೑↪⠪ဋⴧ

㈩ಽᴺ㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ߪ⏕₸⊛㈩ಽᴺߢ㧘ߘࠇߙࠇ㆏〝㧘 ߅ࠃ߮౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߳㈩ಽߔࠆ㧚

Step-5㧦㈩ಽ⚿ᨐࠃࠅ৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ߣᚲⷐᤨ㑆

Mi Ci t t2 , 2

ࠍ ᦝᣂߒ㧘ౣᐲ㧘ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞ࠍ⸃ߊ㧚ߎࠇࠄ ߩࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎OD੤ㅢ㊂߇෼᧤ߔࠆ߹ߢ➅ࠅ

㄰ߔ㧚ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⚻㛎ߢߪ㧘ታ↪⊛ߥ෼᧤್ቯၮḰߢ޽

ࠇ߫10࿁⒟ᐲߩ➅ࠅ㄰ߒߢ෼᧤ߔࠆ㧚

⴫㧙6 ᾢᧄㇺᏒ࿤ߦ߅ߌࠆ

2ᤨὐ㑆ߩᲧセ

1997 1984

ታ❣ ᦨዊᤨ ታ❣ ᦨዊᤨ

ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯Ყ₸

✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂(kcal/ᣣ) 3.21×1010 2.90×1010(0.90) 1.77×1010 1.39×1010(0.79)

✚⾌↪(౞/ᣣ) 7.51×109 7.78×109(1.04) 4.21×109 4.50×109(1.07)

✚੤ㅢ⾌↪(౞/ᣣ) 1.90×108 1.35×108(0.71) 2.30×108 2.17×108(0.94)

৻⥸⽷ᶖ⾌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ 2.66×1010 2.78×1010(1.04) 1.21×1010 1.30×1010(1.08)

⥄േゞ࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦࠃࠆ

ᶖ⾌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ 5.36×109 7.98×108(0.15) 5.36×109 4.00×108(0.08) MT࠻࡝࠶ࡊߦࠃࠆ

ᶖ⾌ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ 1.28×108 3.49×108(2.73) 1.72×108 4.92×108(2.86)

⴫㧙5 ⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞ߩផቯ⚿ᨐ

⥄േゞ ౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 ផቯ୯ t୯ R ផቯ୯ t R

ᾢᧄ (1984)

ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯ -0.129 (4.2) 0.91

0.111 (4.2) 0.55 ᓥᬺੱญ 5.50×10-6 (2.0) 3.26×10-5 (16.5)

৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ -0.003 (209.8) -1.95×10-4 (27.9)

ᾢᧄ (1997)

ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯ -0.443 (17.7) 0.93

0.016 (0.6) 0.39 ᓥᬺੱญ 2.96×10-5 (16.0) 1.73×10-5 (9.9)

৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ -0.002 (287.8) -1.08×10-4 (18.5)

㐳ፒ (1996)

ㇺᔃ࠳ࡒ࡯ -1.473 (29.1) 0.88

0.116 (15.1) 0.57 ᓥᬺੱญ 9.91×10-5 (16.7) 8.10×10-5 (8.4)

৻⥸ൻ⾌↪ -0.003 (131.7) -2.45×10-4 (38.8)

࿑㧙9 ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔߩಽᨆࡈࡠ࡯㩷

No

✚ࠛࡀ࡞ࠡ࡯ᶖ⾌㊂Ei

Step-1

࠱࡯ࡦ೎ല↪᳓Ḱߣ੤ㅢᯏ㑐೎

࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙui*(x1*i,x2*Ci,x*2Mi)

PT⺞ᩏ࠺࡯࠲

ᚲᓧ࡮࿾ଔ࠺࡯࠲

Step-3 OD੤ㅢ㊂x2Cij,x2Mij

Step-4

㆏〝✂㧘౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 ࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢ߳ߩ੤ㅢ㊂㈩ಽ

Step-5

৻⥸ൻ⾌↪g2miߣ ᚲⷐᤨ㑆t2miߩᦝᣂ

Step-2

⊒࠱࡯ࡦ೎࠻࡝࠶ࡊᢙx2Ci,x2Mi ߣ৻⥸⽷ᶖ⾌㊂x1i

ࠦࡦࡄࠢ࠻ᕈ⹏ଔࡕ࠺࡞

⋡⊛࿾ㆬᛯࡕ࠺࡞

෼᧤್ቯ Yes

⥄േゞ 16.7%

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 0.4%

৻⥸⽷

82.9%

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 1.2%

⥄േゞ 2.8%

৻⥸⽷

96.0%

⥄േゞ 30.4%

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 1.0%

৻⥸⽷

68.6%

౏౒੤ㅢᯏ㑐 3.4%

⥄േゞ 2.8%

৻⥸⽷

93.8%

৻⥸⽷

82.9%

৻⥸⽷

96.0%

参照

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